Plain and Reinforced Concrete -1 (Lab Manual)

JOB NO.1

Layout of concrete lab

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Plain and Reinforced Concrete -1 (Lab Manual)

Sieve sets
Purpose:
Sieves
series
in
which
sieve
#4
to
sieve
#200
is
present.
An instrument with a meshed or perforated bottom which is a U.S.A standard
ASTM, used for separating coarse from fine parts of loose matter. A set of sieves is used
in sieve analysis by which particles are distributed according to their sizes.

Vicats Apparatus
Purpose:
It is used to find out the consistency,
initial setting time and final setting
time of the cement. In the normal
consistency test we have to find out
the amount of water to be added to
the cement to form a cement paste
of normal consistency.

Parts of apparatus:
Vicat's apparatus consists of an
arrangement to hold the plunger of
10 mm diameter and two other
needles which are made to freely fall into a mold filled with the cement paste and the

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Plain and Reinforced Concrete -1 (Lab Manual)

amount of penetration of the needles of plunger can be noted using the vertical
graduations from 0 mm to 50 mm.

Cylinder moulds
Purpose:
Cylinder mould is a cylindrical object which is used to make concrete lab. Beam
moulds, prism moulds and cube moulds are also present in lab.

Pycnometer
Purpose:
A small, graduated glass vessel, of accurately defined volume, used for determining the
relative density of liquids. Similar device for measuring the relative density of soil
particles less than about 5 mm in diameter.

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Plain and Reinforced Concrete -1 (Lab Manual)

Flakiness and elongation apparatus

Purpose:
To determine the flakiness and elongation index of the aggregates.

Flaky particles:

A flaky particle is one whose least dimension (thickness) is less than 0.6 times size.

Flakiness index:

It is the percentage by weight of flaky particles.

Elongated particles:
It is particles whose greater dimension is 1.8 times its mean size.

Elongation index:
It is the percentage by weight of elongated particles in a sample.
The elongated particles as percentage of total weight of the sample.

Aggregate crushing value apparatus

Purpose:
This apparatus is used to measures resistance of an
aggregate to crushing under a gradually applied
compressive load.

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Plain and Reinforced Concrete -1 (Lab Manual)

Slump cone Test Apparatus

Purpose:
To determine the slump of concrete.
Slump:
The decrease in height of concrete when
mould of standard dimension is lifted. It is an
indication of Workability of concrete.
Workability:
It is ease with which the concrete can flow.

Slump

Workability

0-25

Very low

25-50

Low

50-100

Medium

100-175

High

Beam Load Apparatus

Purpose:
To determine the flexural strength by the use of concrete beam with loading at the third
point.
Preferred size of beam is 150X150X750 mm or prism of length 100X100X510mm acc. to
ASTM-C-78

Modulus of rupture or flexural strength:

The flexural strength, as it is usually called, is computed from the following equation
fracture occur within middle third of the span.
M.R=PI/b. d*2
When the fracture occurs outside the middle third of the specimen but within 5% of the
supported span length, the modulus of rupture is computed from following equation
M.R=3Pa/b. d*2

P=the applied load in newton or pounds

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Plain and Reinforced Concrete -1 (Lab Manual)

I=supported length of the beam in cm or inches

b= average width of specimen in cm or inches
d= average depth of specimen in cm or inches
a= average distance between fractured line measured on the tension surface from
the nearest support in cm or inches
Compute the modulus of rupture to the nearest 0.05MPa (5psi)

Vibrating machine
Purpose:
It is a machine which is used for agitating
freshly mixed concrete during placement
by mechanical oscillation at a moderately
high frequency, to assist in consolidation.

Compression testing apparatus

Purpose:
To determine the compressive strength of a concrete cylinder.
Compressive strength:
The maximum stress which a specimen can bear under compressive loading.
Compressive strength of concrete:
It is the 28days compressive strength of a standard concrete cylinder.
Maximum range of this machine is 9000 psi or 600 kg/cm.

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Plain and Reinforced Concrete -1 (Lab Manual)

Compressive testing machine:

A universal testing machine (UTM), also known as a universal tester, materials testing
machine or materials test frame, is used to test the tensile strength and compressive
strength of materials.

Aggregate impact testing machine

Purpose:
To determine the impact value of different aggregates samples.
Aggregate impact value:
AIV is the percentage of fines produced from the aggregate sample after subjecting it to
a standard amount of impact. The standard amount of impact is produced by a known
weight, i.e. a steel cylinder, falling a set height, a prescribe no. of times, onto an amount
of aggregate of standard sieve and weight retained in a mould. Aggregate impact values,
below 10 are regarded as strong and AIVs above 35 would normally be regarded as 100
weak for use in road surfaces.
Aggregate impact value=[B/A]X100
Where,
A= Mass of oven dried sample
B=Mass of fraction passing B.S Sieve
No. 7

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Plain and Reinforced Concrete -1 (Lab Manual)

Specific gravity equipment

Purpose:
To determine the Specific gravity of the aggregate.
Following are the equipment
Specific gravity and fine aggregate kit:
The equipment needed to do specific gravity and
absorption of fine aggregate testing.
Conical mold and temper:
Determine bulk and apparent specific gravity and
absorption of fine aggregate.
Pycnometer top and glass jar:
For determine specific and gravity of fine aggregate.
Complies with ASTM C 128.

Sieve shaker
Purpose:
Sieve shaker is used for shaking the sieves in a regular manner while grading the sample.

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Plain and Reinforced Concrete -1 (Lab Manual)

Sieve Shaker
Compacting factor apparatus

Purpose:
To determine the compacting factor of cement
concrete.
Compacting factor:
It is the ratio of mass of compacted concrete to the
mass of the equal volume of it when it is fully
compacted.
This factor indicates the ease with which we can work
with concrete.

Rapid curing tank:

Purpose:
It is a tank which is used for curing especially, when rapid curing is required. By using,
this rapid curing tank the concrete achieved the strength at its very early age.

Comments:
In this job we studied about the different apparatus of concrete lab.
The purpose of this job is to have basic information about the usage

of every
apparatus and to know about their basic parts.
We had drawn the layout of concrete lab to have an idea of its orientation.

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