Different Types Of Post-Hoc Tests

C.H.UDAYASRI M.Ed Student

(2015-17)

Semister II

Roll No:1501709041

PALAMURU UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
MAHABUBNAGAR,TELANGANA STATE-509001
E-Mail : udayasri.chandanuri@gmail.com
Mobile No:9441311982

Introduction:
Post-hoc (Latin, meaning after this) means to analyze the results of your
experimental data. They are often based on afamilywise error rate; the
probability of at least one Type I error in a set (family) of comparisons.
The most common post-hoc tests are:

Bonferroni Procedure
Duncans new multiple range test (MRT)
Fishers Least Significant Difference (LSD)
Holm-Bonferroni Procedure

Newman-Keuls
Rodgers Method
Scheffs Method
Tukeys Test
Dunnetts correction
Benjamin-Hochberg (BH) procedure

Bonferroni Procedure (Bonferonni Correction):

This multiple-comparison post-hoc correction is used when you are
performing many independent or dependent statistical tests at the same
time. The problem with running many simultaneous tests is that the
probability of a significant result increases with each test run. This post-hoc
test sets the significance cut off at /n. For example, if you are running 20
simultaneous tests at =0.05, the correction would be 0.0025. More detail.
The Bonferroni does suffer from a loss of power. This is due to several
reasons, including the fact that Type II error rates are high for each test. In
other words, it overcorrects for Type I errors.

Holm-Bonferroni Method:
The ordinary Bonferroni method is sometimes viewed as too conservative.
Holms sequential Bonferroni post-hoc test is a less strict correction for
multiple comparisons. See: Holm-Bonferroni method for a step-by-step
example.

Duncans new multiple range test (MRT):

When you run Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the results will tell you if
there is a difference in means. However, it wont pinpoint the pairs
of means that are different. This post-hoc test will identify the pairs
of means (from at least three) that differ. The MRT is similar to the LSD,
but instead of a t-value, a Q Value is used.

Fishers Least Significant Difference (LSD):

A tool to identify which pairs of means are statistically different. Essentially
the same as Duncans MRT, but with t-values instead of Q
values. See: Fishers Least Significant Difference.

Newman-Keuls:
Like Tukeys, this post-hoc test identifies sample means that are different
from each other. Newman-Keuls uses differentcritical values for
comparing pairs of means. Therefore, it is more likely to
find significant differences.

Rodgers Method:
Considered by some to be the most powerful post-hoc test for detecting
differences among groups. This test protects against loss of statistical
power as the degrees of freedom increase.

Scheffs Method
Used when you want to look at post-hoc comparisons in general (as
opposed to just pairwise comparisons). Scheffes controls for the
overall confidence level. It is customarily used with unequal sample
sizes.
See: The Scheffe Test.

Tukeys Test:
The purpose of Tukeys test is to figure out which groups in
your sample differ. It uses the Honest Significant Difference, a number
that represents the distance between groups, to compare every mean with
every other mean.

Dunnetts correction:
Like Tukeys this post-hoc test is used to compare means. Unlike Tukeys, it
compares every mean to a control mean.

Benjamin-Hochberg (BH) procedure;

If you perform a very large amount of tests, one or more of the tests will
have a significant result purely by chance alone. This post-hoc test
accounts for that false discovery rate.