finr ln 10()7. l'rrsosom grcu bolnav ln Brrr:urcqti qi mtl lntorrcnom h Borlin.

lnnilrrilt,oqirot rnorr se'frlcou cu qnoyoinId, oerlnd lngrijiri rrrrri. I-rrr plooare,

dool,orul m-rr sfrituit sd rn{ ,fereso ptn{ qi de cele inrri ufl(,&re eforturi.
I}iotul doctort A.m dat din umeri zlmbind gi i-am spus sd fie pe pace.
(Mateiu

I.

Caragiale

Remomber)

26. VORBIREA DIRECTA $l INDIRECTA (oirect and tndirect Speech)

ExistI
ryi indircctd.

doud posibilitdli de redare a spuselor cuiva: prin vorbire directd

t"iX,iX,J#l

iHl:lfiJ;":

,,.i3;?'';*;Modificirile

'

generate

directi

.L ln

vorbirea directd se reproduc intocmai cuvintele persoanei.

rostit. Acestea se introduc de obicei prin virguld gi stnt fncadrate
lntre ghilimele (simple sau duble), spre deosebire de limba rorn6nd (doud
punr:te pi liniu,th de dialog): He asked, rne, "Where is ])an?" M-a lntrebat:
- Unde este Dan ?
26.1.2. Enunlul reprodus lndeplineqte_ func,tia de propozilie completiv[
directd a predicatului din propo-zilia principald. Propozilia principal[ poate
updrea lnainte, intercalatd sau dupd completiva directd. Cu exceplia pozifiei
iniliale, poate avea loc inversiune intre subiect qi predicat cind subieciul este
oxprimat printr-un substantiv, iar verbul este la Present sau Past Teruo
Sintple: Tom said,'I can come with you',

with you,'

gi

should,
fir.sr.' Tom tird aii tnu she shoutiiliei"asked
him
first.
inse-gi"cazuii'"-llv',iy are-right, Diana,, said paur.
, Pgt apdrei
Diana
(reproducind
cuvintere lui paul): piit satd tfrii'l-,rloJliqnt.
Pronumere Eamine neschimbai ;i; J ;r;;,".'rr-,rli
iui cuvinte i 'r think we shoutd. iioi" iiiri;;;;;i'i'r;;.'i l,lproduce propri ile
said. r thought we
shoulil leape immed,iatety.
26.3.2. Pronumere / adjectivere demonstrative
qi adverbere de roc
timp
ce indicd apropierea, sini inrocuite cu
aitere
.ii,.iiid'dipartarea. ai
Astfel:
"u."
this d,evine that
devine that d,ay
these ,, those bd.ay
!.estQd.aythe d.ay before
here ,, there in, doE"tul*e yesrerday i'i.io
aoy, before
"
now ,, then tumorrbw
thi nettlfoilowing day

,l:.!y,,{*r tomorr^w

I said rom.
I Tom said,.

rast

'l he said,.

prtrrlir:otului din propozilia prrncipald:

lle is saying,
I{o has said,
I{e said,

'1'II geo him tomorrow.'

'1 met her last night.'
'I've just arriveil,'

tohn sugge*ro

meot

{LolJr',;;0"'lil

aso

,,,-

po;"itiji i;";.h-;;i i".-i*,

days, time.

ceea ce priveqte adverbere. de

timp, ere sint inrocuite numai

dac[ rela]ia dintre,momentui
vorbirii directe
nu mai este aceeasi: z:00 a.m."o"[iriiloatu""t"'qitrr"-*i"r
Radio-r"*r r"port:,British steer worrcers are
planning a trade-uiioyryr9r1i,ig t";;;;;.'
Tom-(a doua zi): They said, on the
rqdio yesterday that British sieetiorkers are prinning-i-ir'ode-union
meeting
today.

persoand redd spusele cuiva, fdrd a repro-

duce totdeauna intocmai cuvintele sale: lohn, said 1o Peter,'shall

nt the station tomorrow?'

f;:*or"r*u,

^*ur1
,!"0#:;f"f"!:i;"

adverbgrg.r. dq- roc ai timp nu are roc in mod

- schimbarea
automat. contextul
gi momentul vorbirii indirecte inaiJa ,"rri*ua.il.
,.*ru".:
The teacher
said, ' Tom. brins uou.r paintings here in. ary utlu"-to-o*"ii.,
rn" kacher told.

26'3.3. In

indirecti (lndirect / Reported Speech)

In vorbirea intlirectd, o a treia

!i:1!;!Nii:ifri-'
trious year.

Tom to bring h[e

etc.

26.2. Vorbirea

weeh

a year

26.1.3. Folosirea tlmpu.rllor in-vorbirea directd nu este afeotatd de timpul

..

ta: persoand, determinanl,i

Pronumete

dqr:

'I

i;il;[;il;:

harte asked me

(Direct Speech)

c&re le-a

can come

se referd

",,iiri-ri"d,

gi poseiiv se schimbd dupd inletes: persoana

I gi a II-a devii""rlolfJ:^"=uf]:I"
de- obicei p""roar" a III-a: Tom said
tJMa.y, ,you

26.1. Vorbirea
26.1

26.3, Trangformarea vorbirir

in vorbire indirectd
(Clrnrrcre form Direct io .drr.ecte
tnijiie#
S;,r';ili
clrtrl xrrrts*ln"cuiva *rrt irJJrt" ;. l,; i;;biiri'ii.ii,'/n I* t:.*
i,dir.r:r,rl,
procodou fr.r:vcnt utilizat r, .n""urrJtie (r,rrr
mi-& ,pr.",,,1...r, &u l,c anrrrnits
schimbrri aur rn nropozilia p'ir"1p*ra-Ji!
dr'iii ;;;.;ilt-''lii.*.r,i. jvr,rdiricdriro
sint de doud feru'ri, ,t1.d;1g;ii;;':il aretteare
,ii""-i.i l-e enunl rcprodus;
ri""i-,,li tlp a. pi"p,"ti-

moot you

I n** at the station rhe nent d,at/.

Propozilia.reprodusd tndeplinei;to de &semenea, functia.de completivl

directd a predicatului din propozilia principald.

Daca actul de vorbire are,roc gi este reprodus in

aceeaqi zi, schimbarea
pronumelor qi adverbelor determinative nu
mai este
deoarece lnteIesul lor este acelasi fald de
"u.ur"-r-a,
prezent (ar reddrii
spuseror
-o*.rriur
indirectd): Dan (rn"1!!.ui;ii'"i:i;;;;i;;';;"';;;;,"$i'JH,*i"* in vorbirea
that British
steel workers are planning a'rrade-inion
meeting 6irr;;;"'
Foloslrea ilmpurllor in vorbirea indirectE
26'3'4. Dacil nrcdirrntur din prrpozitia principard este
ra prezent, present
Perfect sarr viitor. iin
rt'drti'[ ln vorbire indirectd 1"r*pf"iiuu
directd) r[nrine ,.rlfl,l,1,l,ll.pr,p,zilia

b)

Arieo

{ itJTtr }ro ro*, '/'ll

holp you

if f

osn.'

Vorbire indirectd:

Arioe

{ 'f"l'l'iif

I r,*she will hetp him if she cua.

Adjectivele / pronumele demonstrative sau adverhele din _completiva

directilidmtn de asemenea neschimbate: Alice has said, 'l'll come horg tomor.
row.' Alice has promise d she will come hsro tomorrow.
26.3.5. Dacd predicatul propoziliei principale este la un timp trecut:
Past Tense, Past Perfect, Future'in-tlrt-Past, timpurile verbale din enun{ul
reprodus devin qi ele trecute (se aplicd corespondenfa timpurilor), Aceast[
schimbare a timpurilor este denumitd back-shift ln limba englezd, deoaneoe
oa are loc dinspre prezent spre trecut sau dinspre trecut spre un timp gi mai
trecut:
devine Past Tensel
Present

Past

Tense

Present Perfect

Past

J
Perfect I

Future

devin Past Perfect;

Frank said rte was goingo to

-- rruy
'-*r a new car
a ,Dacia' carj
Excepfie: Corespondenla

devine Future-in;-the-Past.

Mr Brown said to his wife

la

[ 'I've heen uery busy toilay.'

| 'How hungry .[ aml'
[ 'Wil Aou giye me something

propoziliilq

to eat?'

Mr Brown told, his wife that he hrd hoen very busy that ilay. He erclaimeil that
[e wot oery hungry. He asked his wife if slze woultt give hirn something to eat,
Propoziliile imperative, care devin infinitive ln vorbirea indirectd, nu
Be Bupun acestei reguli, deoareee nu conlin un verb Ia o formd personald:
Mrs Ilrown said to her husband, 'Be careful / Don't ilrive sa fast !' Mrs Brown
tolil her husband, to be careful and not to ilrive so fast.
26,3.6. Conform regulilor de corespondenld a timpurilor, dupd un verb
la un timp trecut, Present simple devine de obicei Past Simple ln vorbirea
indirectd:
Doris said, 'f hrve many friend.s.'
Doris said she had many fri,ends.

Excep!ii:
a) ctnd prezentul nedefinit exprimd o actiune repetatd, un obicei sau o carac.
teristic{ a subiectului, timpul poate rdmlne neschimbat dacd actiunea are
acelagi caracter qi ln momentul prezent (momentul vorbirii indirecte):
George said, '1 go to the seasid,e ettery surnrner.'

that o,

will(*infiniriv)
)
(*inf initi'") I devin: s'ould (f inf initiv)
I, we shall (*in f in itiv) devine:.he,.theq, woupl (*in f in itiv)
am I is I are sotng to (f in f i'n i r i v) a"ulo,,xir"iiri.,
gorngro ( f i n f i_
nitiv)
"I'm going to buy a f2w car.nert yeut'."
Frank said,, { ,,I
[ shall bug a,bacta.
cor.,,
would.

bu.y

S:himbarea timpurilor ln completiva directd se aplicd

onunliative, exclamative qi interogative.

George said

rrtnrl vrttltirt'tI rlit'or.rl,rl.tlxplirrrl[ un frrpl, rrnivolxrrl vrrlrrhil,

rur rlrlrrvr]r
Lirnprrl n,lt Hri Hr.rltinrbh: 'I'ho Itrqr:lrirr srrirl, ,)Atttlr:r' fto,ils
at .100,, ^lls,lut,
Cclsius.,
'l'hrr l,orurlrrrr xild lhut wutar bails ut 100', (lt,hius,"'
c) ctnrl con[inul'ulenun!,uhli esto valabil gi lu rnorrrcnlrrl vorbirii:
tsoirl
"l can't buy a pair of skis n,t+t,, I huueri,t ,u.rr.t ii,ii'h')r,,nly.i, Ge.rgc
i;r,;i;;;;';',
he can,t buy a-pair of skis as h,e h,asn,L slai,i,i
"t"i,'igf ;,'"ry.
Prezentul continuu se transform{ de trbicei
l,n pust ?ezse continuu:
'I'm reading.' He said he was roading.
o acliune viitoare este exprimatd in vorbirea inclirecr,d tn modur
_ ,t? '',.
urmdtor:

t ff# |

n tnu seastd,e eoety summet.

the

limpuri]lll,"y

foilowirg ycur andadded

se aplicd

De wouftr

in

e.viitoare gi rn momentur vorbirii indirecte, rr rrrm"i cazuI in care ac]iunea

in mnm.ntur vorbirii
directe.: Georse said,,.'I'il"take up engiierr'iig-;i;r;';r;;"'ation.,
Georgc said,.
he'll tako ap ingineering after graduatiZn.
26.3.8. Past Simple,
past perfect
{evi-1e
-Simp.le in vorbirea indireotd;
Mother said, 'Tom hirt himserf
) Mother said, thar
fom haa'nurt htmserf.
Exeepfii:
Past Simple poate rdmine neschimbat pentru:
a) acliuni repetate in trecut: Harry said, ,-llnvited alt my
/riends to mu birrhd,ay parties when I,was_aoung.'"IIarry said rze
inpited"'air'"i;;ir;;;;{
,i""ili
birthday parties when hZ wol, yi"ig.
b) exprimarea unui fapt:_The chiidren asked, ,w'ere th*re any
animars on the
farm,?' The childrei asked, if thore wero any animar,
ihu lor*.
c) enunluri redate in-vorbirea indirectd imecliat,
"o
rostirea
ror (in aceeasi
zi): Paut said. '.I prayerl footbau this'morning., {upd
Fu'J."id'rr.
prryt'Jr""i[_ii
this morning.
d) ctnd intre predi:-I,+ din principqH
compretiva directr nu existd un
raporb de an terioritate : He- sai d,',,Sado-qi*
onu' i ii ii g-rirtirt- ;ri;; ;; ;#
/ time.' He said that Sadooe&nu was th, g;;;;ri;r;;;;71"nrs
tme.
e) ln.vorbir-e, dlcd nu se produce confuzie cu privire
Ia,momentere ceror douE
. acliuni: Mv-friend;}ld-to me., j1 saw a gooh fi[^- tili'i$it., My friend. tord,
me he Baw a

fitrit tast night.

circums.Lanliare de

good,

f) ln propoziliile

n#,'i:,i:#ro#xT,*'i*:,fi

'in

Brasoo.'

living

xft.i;i,T:i'*;r;Il;iif #;";fj,;A

our neighbour rord

in Bragov.

timp. propozilia regentd a circumstqn_

,,

a,

ilo"T

*rt I

our pmer when he was

t
rrl'rrrli(,iorrrrlrr rlo l,iprrl .]: llrtrry sll,i(1, I |tt,rt.li go lo llmnt,ur;|urn
"' if ;rr,r,pozi[,iilo
itw'trs r,,ir,'1,.' llrrrr:y xrr.irl ltr' t'rtuli, !:rt ltt lh,t nt.rtl;t'ttttt-il.'il wtt'x ttlt?rt"
h)' ,irrlrii tt'isli, t'rtulrl nilh"r, it i's li'trttt 'l!'s limo rTrrtr [iltirltotl tlour la,pt7si
t,lrri l,r,rr,,lrtl sirirl.'l'lrr: t,rrirr,lrcr, [,old l,lrrr yrupils r/ rt,rls litrtc Ilu:tl linishod thOir

Dofid ttll,rt ttt'ttutl, rltt ttn comltlt.ltnonl, inrlirrrtr[, vorhul s'a? llrmo{rzrI do ohicei
euvinl,olo n!lrtI)rluxo : ' I d,on'I, u,ndcrsknul lh,e qpasl i,,r,,,' t[l,hy xrrirl tr.r lror [,6,,,,1r,,r,.

g) lrr

In vorhirrrrr intlirtlol,rl, se pdstreazd tlo nrgrrlrl sny olrrd oomplomcul,ul

indiroot rru osl,o rnen{,ionat, iar verbul ocupltr pozil,ic inifiulfi: Cilthy rotfl

she d,id,n't understunrl the lesson.

l)(t l)('t"\.

26.3.g. 1)u,st 'l'gnsa ()Ltrtti.nuotts tlevine in.prinoipirr

rlrtr in ;tt'iict.irrri ritlttitttl i\tltlseit neschirnbaL'

Incelelaltecazuri,seintrebuin\eazilteltr,c o m p le me n t in d i ro o',t:
Cathy tolil tho teacher she didn't und,erstand the question.
Semnele citdrii sint omise in vorbirea indirectd, iar enunlul reprodus so
introduce prin c-onjuncliathat (care se_poate omite, mai ales in limba-vorbit[):
tI'cte just arrived,,' Fred said. Fred said (that) he had just
arriped,.
In unele situalii, spusele cuiva nu pot fi reproduse ln vorbirea indirectd,
ci trebuie parafrazate, ln func{ie de sens:

Past Perfecl cttntinuou.s,

s1,[ji111[yiiprrir i\r() lo(i t]or\r rtintl acest l,imp se referd la oac[iune terminatrl:
sairl,
IItr
'l,I/rr \ygr() ti,iiiLing n1 uroiing hous'e but w,e have chahged._our.minrls..'
llr: srritl lltttt thc.y lrad lrreelr thiritiing of rnouing house but had changed theirmind,s, '
26.3.10. \rcrbclc rnod:rle se schimbd in felul urmEtor: rnay devine mightr.
*'ould, carl devine couLd:
rlr//
' r,lcvintl
;i'tr,i typist *.ii,l. 'll',hc mechurtic can
Tho
[r-* *y-typewriter.but he won't.'
lYouliln't.
but
he
t1,1,iri ,:,,,,i1il,rincd that the mechanic coull 1i*-frei .typewriter
I)ircti verbele rrigrialc exprirnate in vorbire direct[ nu au forme. pentru
l,r.cr'rrl,, crl rlc exentplu r,nusl, need, should., ought to, had befier, sau sint {eje
tu L".ilui-ruu condi!ional', aa'u'ould,, coulcl, migiit qi used to- (num-ai-Past Tewe)1.
rrlrr riinrin nestlhirlbate in l'orbirea indirect5: '?l/e must buy Mother a presenl
t,,, tirr birthd,au,'the children said. The children said they mast hty mothar
',r' p,r',.rriilor hir'birthd.au.'You ought to.hel'p Your.parents, Tom,' the teacher
s,,itl. Th.'teacher Lold T'om lre ought to help his parents'
A t e n ! ie ! In general, rnust se menline in vorbirea ind.irect5 lVeii','
exprimd o <-'hliga!]g, el ,n^oate-d"Y:ll, \":!q
$ 1.20.1-, [rr. 2). Cintl insa.rnzrsl sens:
Harv said,''7 muitgo to school now't'
iunc,tie
de
ti;i
i,,;'';;;r;;"iii
go to a
ii,,..u saitJ he had to go to school immcdiatelu. F'ather said, '1 mttstnet't
the
day-'
conference
g.o
a
to
to
have
iti,ir,,,1:r,"r,,1,,, ltttvorrrti'.' !'uther said frc would
""'''io"rn.,a
George
indirecti:
in
vorbirea
este
menlinut
cottl.cl
iirnilur,
lqke{,,
,{luulrl I use gour pen?' George asked'me if he coultl ase rn\ pen' sau men,tinutf
sr:ItirrriraL in f unc,tie de sens:

He

said,

Paula said, 'I'm sorry I'm late.' Paula apologi.zeil for being late.
'You'd better stay in bed foy-a few The doctor adviseil'Peter to-stag in
days, Peter,' the doctor said.
for a feev days.

oco

t answered in the

negative.

I agreed.

He,said, 'Yes.' Hel

Helen

.",/

woulil hurt

myself if 1 was not careful.

B. Modificirile specifice se referd la verbele care trebuie folosite ln fiecare
Iet de propozilre ,"prnarse (enunliativd, exclamstivd, interogativfl, imperq'
tivd), Ia punctua[,ie, ordinea cuvintelor, etc'
zai,g.l i. p ropozili i te en unliative (D e ct arative senrences)
Verbul say este caracteristic vorbirii directe' cu sau fdrd complement
indirect.

refused,.

accepted,.

answered,

in

the affirmatute.

26.3.13. Propoziliile interogalive (lnteroga,ive Sentences)

Dacd verbul din principald este say, acesta trebuie inlocuit cu verbo ca:
as& (urmat sau nu de un complement indirect), wonder, want to know, inquiie
(care nu.qot fi urmate de complemepte indirecte), etc. ,Why is Tom anfiry?,
Helen said to me.

26.3.11. Frazele condilionale de tipul 2 qi 3 nu se schimbd in vorbirea,

indlrectX. Cerle de tipul t devin identice ca forrn6. cu condilionalele de tipul 2:

if you aito

'No.' Heldenied it.

(
eouldn't I so into the a'ater alone when
He adrled h" nrd not been alloweil to | 'ie was a child,.
{
yourself

He said,

{ li J'#i,t'r"":oro!#'::;oi!,i,ono,r.
.:
He said he
{ ,*u ol?furo* * | '*n when it *'as fine'

fi" ,*ia,'lou'llhnrt

sint exprimate in vorbirea indirectd cu ajutorul unui subiect

if the d,eaice was

He asked me

Yes gi zo

qi verb auxiliar:_'Is this detice safe?' ,Yes.' The maru asked

safe and the mechanic replied that it was.
sau prin inlocuirea cu verbe de qfir-mare sau neg&re:

[ 'Could you lend, me Your d,ictionary, please?'

| ',/ coulil swim when it was fine.'
[ 'I coultln't go into the water alofi.e when I was a child.'

not careful.' He told me

bed,

't

{fl:#$.lm" l

*u, rom was ansra.

Clnd propoziliile interogative slnt redate in vorbire indirectd, ele devin

propozilii enunliative. In consecinld, flormq interogativ[ a verbului devine
afirmativd sau negativd: subiectul precede predicatul, verbul auxiliar do este
omis, iar semnul lntrebdrii se transiormd ln punct:
Peter is saying

l,{;;#r:,**rffi"frii,
Peter wants to know { if ,Bob f ry.' coming''
t wnere no tlaes.
Dxeepfio: Cind un cuvlnt interogativ: who, what, haw muih, how manL,
se meirlino ordinea .uvintrlor dfti
vorbireq direotd: Lqurq says, 'Eo!v ma,ny (peopre) arrived la,aL night?i Leurs
wqnts to know haw many (people) aniued-l,ast night,
esto .subie-ctul propoziliei interogative,

I)rr rrsr'rlllnl'rr:

lnrrirl,'Wlttlt',r lltrr tttrttterir' I trskltl (lrirlr) whnt,

'

Sohlmh[rllo rlo t,imp ln propozil,iilo interogntlvo nu lo0 ln lol on 6l ln

onuntilltlv$:

tr'ds tho

ttrirtllt'.
I)rr1ti Itr yollril,rir ,lilcr,lir l)rr)l)ozit,iit irrl,crogtlivii cxt,rt o tttl,rcllure spccitlil,
rrrlir,ir rlrr|ir 0ir irrr,t,Irr (rlt un [il'l)nuIil(], rttljr.rctiv srttr trtl vcl'll itrl,erC}g,aliV (W'hO,
tt'lto.l , rt'ltfult, w'hrtr,, \t'lt(tr01 lt,trr'. w'lty, c{,1r.), tlccsta tlsl,o piistrnt in vorbirea indi'
r'p('t,(i' 'llow rl4 yoir ,t1stl!. llLis tt'<trd')),'tltc t,eaclter has asked.'fhe teaoher hal

l'Where have you been?'

, [Io naid, l'What is Tom. doingl'

|When will they l6rvet'

"-u-t^n:l;,:;",:illjlH.ffil-encr*re,

He wanted

regdtura intre propozilia principatd ri

(,( )nIJ)lc t.iyir rlirec tii st: Iitrre cu ajutorui conj unoliei if sau whether: He is sayingr
'lluve you br:ett to Surretr.Yal"

I{c is rrskin* { l|,otr,o,

I

lrw, hnre

bi'ttrt

to

in mod obligatoriu pentru redarea in vorbirea indirectI

n irrl,rebririirir allerntttivc:'tlre tlott'goin;, to the theatre ar to the cihema?'Tommy
sairl trr his sist'er. 'fotnntSz asked his sister rvftelher she was 5'oing to thc
llut,tre I or to the cincnLa
lVlmrher este folosit

l0r ru)I.

Inlrlbr'iri|, gcnorale inr:r'pincl cu rlr/i l++'ould, lcould ltou se transform[,

ln vorbirea indirr:cia in rnod cliferenliat, in funclie de sensul intrebdrii:
rr) 1infrehare clesprc o ac{iune viiLoare 'IVtll you sing in tlrc choirtomorrow?t
he said- IIe askerl rne if / woulil sing ln the choir the nett day'
b) rr ruglminte, cercrr'1'(4t11!t! iloil serae the coffee ?'Bob said'
scrve tfte coffee.
l*l-t aslrcd{
,r'u
u"'[r" go_tocoulil
serve the coffee.
if
I
I
I

trircher.

ll'he childrc"

{ 3'k11,
lnvlteo lthcir

Leacher

to their

J
I
rl) rrn ortlin, o comantli:'Copy the lesson, Mary.'
tlut lcsson.

Denise sussosteit

tlJilt., shourd have I o snock"

270

She eaid, 'Thanh

gou.'

He said, 'Damn itt'

They sud, 'Good, rnorning

Mary to copy

f inf initiv: 'Shall I buy the long dress,

her mother z/sle shoulil buy the long d,ress.
Alice
asked
said.
mother? ',\lice
lung: 'Shatl I bri,ng you Aour glosses?'
r;) o criertd: olfer.-l--inf initiv
Ilabrici.r said. Putricla ofterod to bripS nxe mU glasses.
d) o sugestie: saggesr {Geru.ntl lshould, *in f in itiy: 'shall we have a
snack?' Denise said"

b) cererea rrnrri sfat: should

l;ir:i,'-0111'ili,r.
when they wolld, loave.

In funclie de sens, se lntrebuintreazd diverse verbe ( * hdverbe de mod)

ca: eaclaim, complain, shout, remarlt, obsertte, say admiringly,say scornfully,
etc., pentru redarea propoziliilor exclamative ln vorbirea indirect{:'What a
ilelicfnus calce l' the guest said. The guest saiil ailmiringly that the cahe was
d,elicinus. 'IIow tireil I am !' the old wolnan said. The old woman complaineil
that she was ttery tired.
Observali tle asemenea:

ln mod similar, intrebXrile inccpind cu shall Ilwei', se transformd diferen'

lirrt tn vorbire indirectd, devenind:
'Shall I see
rt)' rr intrebare clespre o acliune viitogre cvould *inf initiv:
to
l/
know
De wouftl $ao nxe tft.e neat
Bob
wanted
said.
Bob
tonxorror.v2'
?Jou
,toY.

know

ZO.S. t A. Propoziliile exclamative (Exclamatory Sentences)

Propoziliile
exclamative devin propozilir enunliative ln vorbirea indirect6.
^ consecinfd, semnul
In
exclamdrii din vorbirea directE nu mai este neces&r:
'What a funny jolte !' he said. He exclaimed that it cvas a funny jolce.
Sint posibile mai multe transformS,ri, ln funclie de natura exclamaliei:
a) Exclamalii tnceplnd ct what (a)..., how... se transformd in completive directe
introduse de that: 'How very ltind of him to help !' mother said. 'Mother
exclaimed that l, was very kind, of him to help them.
b) Exclamalii ca Oh t Ah I Ugh ! devin:

meeting.

The teacher told

ro

Suceava-

r:)oinvitalie:'ll't-tultlyttttattcntlourttteeLing2'thechildrensaidtotlreir
'

oolo

She thlan}led, me.

t'

.I/r

swore.

I*i1rO{."*eil

nzeiwished,

me

gooil,

'A happy new year !' Sfte wishoal .me a happA new year,
He congtatulateil raa.
He said, 'Well d,one t'
Jfte calleil me a liar.
She said, 'Liar !'
Predicatul propozi{iei exclamative se supune corespondenlei timpurilor
fa!6 de un predicet'trecut ln propozilia principald.
She said,

l'How beautifutly she sangl'

He said, | 'How pretty she is t'
l'What a delightful trip we'll haue
I

exclaimed

!'

] that she hail sung beautifulty.

I said admiringly I that she 'wel pretty.

I remarked lthat they woulit haye a delightful trip.
. Dacd exclamat;a ln vorbirea direct[ nu contine un verb la un timp personal, ln vorbirea indirectd se folosegte verbul De: Helen said, 'What a looely
He

presentl' Helen exclaimed that the present wal louely.

27t

Propozllllle lmperatlvc (lmporatlve Sontottcos)

In vorbiroa indircr:t,[, propozi (,iilo irrr prrrrtivo dovin irr finit,ivo :
a) af irrneti ve: He said, 'Sit down, Pcter.' He told' Peter to sit ilown'
f,i' ;; native: He said,'I)on't intorrupt the speaker please.' He ashedtkem
not io intorruPt the sPeakerVerhul din propozilia principald (say, tett) se inlocuiegte cu un verb care
exprimtr un ordin (ietl, orilir, command.),- o rugdminte (ask, req-uest,,urgl !3g )'
to soldiers:
f*orn, ad,iise,'recornmend,), et-c, ln funclie de sens:.Officer
Mother
barracks.
the
clean
""'.f*i
to
sold.iers
his
Ciuii tnb Aorracks I The officer orieroil
salt.
pass
the
her
to
Ann
asked
you?
Mother
sali,'
wilt
the
ilAilr Passme
fl*"tu* to Tom: (You should)-go to the d,octor. The teacher ailviseil Tom to

EXERCTT

26.3,1 5.

go to the

l.

nf rrnmqf.p
rnnd obligatoriu
o
de complt)mente indir'ecte
tn mod
urmate rn
sint
menlionate
sint
ele
Dacd
nu
sa,, p"eporilionale.
in.vo1!ire.1 directd,_vor. fi
The little boy shouteil
shouted.
boy
little
bqQl'-thtme
my
*aU"g*tLr 'biee

ll.

Eremptu:,where do you tivet'

1. How old are you? 2. lVhere

Imperativele exprimlnd un ordin in general se pot transforma ln vorbire

indirectd gi:

a) verbul din principald este la prezent: I/e says, 'Do the neil erercise!' He
says that we are to do the nett erercise.
b)' ordinul este precedat de o p_ropoz!!1e temp-oral5 sau condilionald: He said,
llf tht to*tri rirug me up.' ile iaid that if she came we wote to ring him WP.
ajutorul lui should,: The Captain ord,ered. that the sailors shoulil

-cu
clean the deck.

26,4.Vonbirea indirectd

liberi

(Free lndirect Speech.)

un stadiu intermediar intre vorbirea directd 9i indiln stilul narativ. Se caracteri.zeazd, prin schimfrecvent
utitizate
91
"*te
"..ta
a pronumelo_r qi.adverbelor ca gi ln vorbirea indirec-td, dar
ba.eaTimpurilor;
forme dinvore"oporitiJprincifald este de obicei omis[ gi se pdstreazd uneledisjunctive,
etc.
lntrebdri
vocative,
interogative,
propozilii
ai*"Jta:
[i-.'a
gln'
exprimarea
pentru
ln
literaturd
folositd
este
adeseori
Aceast{ formd
durilor unui personaj. In consecinld, verbul hethought este de obicei mai potri'
vit declt he said ln a,semenea, ca.zuri.
Aceast4 reprezintd

,.72

fle

tr::'*:frl";!" )*nrr. r tive.

does your father work? 3. Who are vour

4. What is your daily programme ? 6. What time do you get up in tho

morning? 6. When did you move .to this school? 7. Who Iives next io you?
8. Are you going away over the weekendl g. When will you finish scliool?
10. What are you going to do afterwards? 11. Do you like games? 12. Are you,
good'at sciences? 13. Have you bought Marin Preda's last book? 14. Have
you read it? 15. What do you think of it?
friends

l:#i;,-:l:krlo*nine rv p,
I watching TV.
lthat they should watch TV.
Ithat they watch TV. (in engleza qmericand)

Trece|i urmdtoarele propozilii interogatitte la uorbirea indirectd, fiind atenli

ord,inea. cupintelor ;i.la auriliarul d.o, Folosili perbele: He has eshoil...

la

IIo wants to know...

bigger boys lo giue him his ball.

at
-- th6
-D;";""erbui
ain-principald este Ia diateza pasiv{, cgmplementul indirect
nu mai este necesay iG, to'bedl' they said to Tommy. Tommy was tolil to go
lo bed.
Imperativul pentru persoana. I plural (+rt:t *.in f.in it-iv) exprim[
de obic6i o sugestie qi se 6xprimi in vorbirea indirectd prin verbul suggest {
Gerund. / completiv[ direc![ introdusd de that:

suggesteil

propozilii la vorbirea ind,ircctd, oputnd schimbdriie ilo

nece.sare"

4. Dan is always saying, (I've left my notebook at home.' 5. The teacher has
said to the pupils, 'I want to have a look at your homework.' B. John and
Tom are saying, ''Wc haven't done our homework.'7. I always say, ,I don't
like to be late..'6. Our teacher says, 'If you work hard, you will succeed.'

d'octor'

Nick

u.rntiitoarele

1. Mary has said to me,'I'd like to go oub.' 2. They always say, nThese
exercises are too difficult for us.' 3. Doris is saying, ,Behave yourself, Petor.t

Aceste verbe

Nick said,

'I'rcccli

pron,ume

il

lll.

Treceyi urmd,toarele propozisii la ()orbirea intlirectd, operind schim drilo

timp Si adt)'erbe necesare, d.upd, un eerb la Past Tenso:

d.e

IIo saiil (that) ... sau IIo tokl me / us (that) ...

1. ,I'm leaving for the seaside tomorrow.' 2. ,I'll give you an anlwor
as soon as I can.' 3. 'We watched TV last night.' 4. ,Wetve never been here
before.'5.'I talked to them yesterday.'6. ,I'll be very busy next week.'
7. 'We've just arrived.' 8. 'I read this book a long tim-e ago.t g. .They are
having an English lesson now.'10. 'I know what the teacheiwill say.' fl. ,I
can't answer this question.'12. 'I shall try to finish this today.'
I-Y. Treceyi urmdtoarele tntrebd,ri la vorbirea indirectd dupd, un uerb
Tense.

la Pa,sl

Eremplu: 'Is it raining? When did it start?"When will yoU leave?t

He asked (me)
| ff 1 wnetner it usas raining
Hewondeied
l
[tnaasturted^
wnen
He wanted to know I
I I woulil leaue.
1. When did you buy this camera? 2. Is it a Romanian malie? B. How

much did it,cost

? 4. Do you know how to ussit ? 5. Have you a book with instructions ? 6. When are you going to take your first pho[o ? Z. Do you keep the
camera in a case for protection ? 8. Will you take pictures of your fri6nds ?
9. can they develop your films at the photographor's? 10. when will you havo
your film back? 1!. Do you-think the pictuies-will como out cloarly? rg. Will

you give me a photo,

too

273