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Photosynthesis: General

- Photosynthesis is a series of reactions in which carbon dioxide is fixed and then reduced to form
carbohydrates using hydrogen from water.

Photosynthesis is made up of two sets of reactions: light dependent and light independent
reactions. The light dependent ones only occur when certain wavelengths of light are present.
They make the ATP and reduced NADP necessary for the light independent reaction.
Light energy is needed for splitting water in photolysis.
- Most energy transported by ATP on Earth comes directly or indirectly from photosynthesis.
Photoautotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
- These include green plants, photosynthetic prokaryotes, and some single and many-celled
protoctists (green, red, brown algae)
Chemoautotrophs
use chemical energy sources. These include nitrifying bacteria which gain

energy from converting ammonia to nitrite or nitrite to nitrate.

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