Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
UNITED NATIONS
New York and Geneva, 2003
CONTENTS
Foreword by the Office of the
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.................................xxvii
Foreword by the International Bar Association .................................................xxix
Acknowledgements.................................................................................................xxxi
Addendum Major Recent Developments (2002 March 2003) .................xxxii
Abbreviations.........................................................................................................xxxiv
Chapter 1
International Human Rights Law and the Role
of the Legal Professions: A General Introduction ................1
Learning Objectives .....................................................................................................1
Questions.......................................................................................................................1
1.
Introduction ..........................................................................................................2
2.
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.
4.
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
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Contents
4.2
5.
6.
Concluding Remarks..........................................................................................25
Chapter 2
The Major Universal Human Rights Instruments and
the Mechanisms for Their Implementation.......................27
Learning Objectives ...................................................................................................27
Questions.....................................................................................................................27
1.
Introduction ........................................................................................................28
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.
2.2
2.3
2.4
iv
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
Contents
2.5
2.6
2.7
3.
4.
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
Contents
5.
6.
Concluding Remarks..........................................................................................70
Chapter 3
The Major Regional Human Rights Instruments and
the Mechanisms for Their Implementation.......................71
Learning Objectives ...................................................................................................71
Questions.....................................................................................................................71
1.
Introduction ........................................................................................................72
2.
3.
3.2
3.3
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Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
Contents
3.4
4.
5.
Chapter 4
Independence and Impartiality of Judges,
Prosecutors and Lawyers.............................................113
Learning Objectives.................................................................................................113
Questions ..................................................................................................................113
Relevant Legal Instruments....................................................................................114
1.
Introduction......................................................................................................115
2.
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
vii
Contents
3.
4.
4.5
4.6
4.7
5.
6.
viii
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
Contents
6.5
7.
Chapter 5
Human Rights and Arrest, Pre-trial Detention
and Administrative Detention......................................159
Learning Objectives.................................................................................................159
Questions ..................................................................................................................159
Relevant Legal Instruments....................................................................................160
1.
Introduction......................................................................................................161
2.
3.
4.
Universal legal responsibility: All States are bound by the law .................162
The notion of security of person: State responsibility to act.....................162
4.8
4.9
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
ix
Contents
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Incommunicado Detention..................................................................................210
Chapter 6
The Right to a Fair Trial:
Part I From Investigation to Trial ..............................213
Learning Objectives.................................................................................................213
Questions ..................................................................................................................213
Relevant Legal Instruments....................................................................................214
1.
Introduction......................................................................................................215
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
6.2
6.3
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
Contents
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
7.
Chapter 7
The Right to a Fair Trial:
Part II From Trial to Final Judgement ........................251
Learning Objectives.................................................................................................251
Questions ..................................................................................................................251
Relevant Legal Instruments....................................................................................252
1.
Introduction......................................................................................................253
2.
3.
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
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Contents
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Chapter 8
International Legal Standards for the Protection of
Persons Deprived of Their Liberty ................................315
Learning Objectives.................................................................................................315
Questions ..................................................................................................................315
Relevant Legal Instruments....................................................................................316
1.
Introduction......................................................................................................317
1.1
2.
xii
Use of terms......................................................................................................318
Introductory remarks.......................................................................................318
Legal responsibilities of States .......................................................................319
The notions of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment
or punishment: definitions and understandings ..........................................323
2.3.1 Rape as torture ........................................................................................325
2.3.2 Treatment of detainees and prisoners.........................................................327
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
Contents
2.4
3.
4.
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
6.
5.
7.
8.
Chapter 9
The Use of Non-Custodial Measures in the
Administration of Justice ............................................371
Learning Objectives.................................................................................................371
Questions ..................................................................................................................371
Relevant Legal Instruments....................................................................................372
1.
Introduction......................................................................................................373
1.1
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
xiii
Contents
2.
Terminology......................................................................................................374
2.1
2.2
2.3
3.
3.3
4.
5.
6.
7.
Chapter 10
The Rights of the Child in the Administration of Justice ....397
Learning Objectives.................................................................................................397
Questions ..................................................................................................................397
Relevant Legal Instruments....................................................................................398
1.
Introduction......................................................................................................399
1.1
xiv
Terminology......................................................................................................400
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
Contents
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
xv
Contents
Chapter 11
Womens Rights in the Administration of Justice ............445
Learning Objectives.................................................................................................445
Questions ..................................................................................................................445
Relevant Legal Instruments....................................................................................446
1.
Introduction......................................................................................................447
2.
3.
4.
Womens Right to Respect for their Life and their Physical and
Mental Integrity ................................................................................................458
4.1
4.2
xvi
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
Contents
4.3
4.4
5.
5.2
6.
6.2
6.3
6.4
7.
4.2.4 Abortion..................................................................................................464
4.2.5 Infant mortality and life expectancy ..........................................................465
The right to freedom from torture and other cruel, inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment ..............................................................466
4.3.1 Violence against women deprived of their liberty........................................467
4.3.2 Unlawful punishments .............................................................................469
4.3.3 Violence against women and the girl child in families and the
community in general................................................................................472
Violence against women as crimes against humanity and
war crimes..........................................................................................................477
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
xvii
Contents
8.
9.
Chapter 12
Some Other Key Rights: Freedom of Thought,
Conscience, Religion, Opinion, Expression, Association
and Assembly ...........................................................521
Learning Objectives.................................................................................................521
Questions ..................................................................................................................521
Relevant Legal Instruments....................................................................................522
1.
Introduction......................................................................................................523
2.
2.3
xviii
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
Contents
2.4
2.5
2.6
3.
3.3
3.4
3.5
4.
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
xix
Contents
4.5
5.
6.
Chapter 13
The Right to Equality and Non-Discrimination
in the Administration of Justice ...................................631
Learning Objectives.................................................................................................631
Questions ..................................................................................................................631
Relevant Legal Instruments....................................................................................632
1.
Introduction......................................................................................................633
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.
xx
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
Contents
3.
4.
5.
6.
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
xxi
Contents
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.
National origin..................................................................................................674
Sexual orientation.............................................................................................675
Minorities...........................................................................................................676
6.9.1 Right to ones own culture.........................................................................676
6.9.2 Right to reside in an Indian reserve...........................................................677
Chapter 14
The Role of the Courts in Protecting Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights ...........................................681
Learning Objectives.................................................................................................681
Questions ..................................................................................................................681
Relevant Legal Instruments....................................................................................682
1.
Introduction......................................................................................................683
2.
3.
4.
5.
xxii
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
Contents
5.2
5.3
5.4
6.
7.
7.3
7.4
8.
8.2
8.3
9.
Introductory remarks.......................................................................................710
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights:
article 11(1)........................................................................................................711
7.2.1 Persons covered by the right.......................................................................712
7.2.2 Interpretative approach, including interdependence of rights ........................713
7.2.3 The concept of adequacy............................................................................713
7.2.4 Immediate legal obligations .......................................................................714
7.2.5 Domestic remedies ....................................................................................715
7.2.6 Forced evictions ........................................................................................716
Relevant European case law: The Seluk and Asker case ............................719
Relevant domestic case law: The example of South Africa .......................721
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights:
article 12.............................................................................................................730
8.1.1 The normative content of article 12(1) ......................................................731
8.1.2 The meaning of the provisions in article 12(2)...........................................732
8.1.3 The obligations of States parties................................................................734
8.1.4 The core obligations ..................................................................................736
8.1.5 Violations of article 12 ............................................................................737
8.1.6 Implementation at the national level..........................................................738
Relevant domestic case law I: The example of Canada..............................740
Relevant domestic case law II: The example of India ................................744
Chapter 15
Protection and Redress for Victims of Crime and
Human Rights Violations ............................................749
Learning Objectives.................................................................................................749
Questions ..................................................................................................................749
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
xxiii
Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................751
2.
2.4
3.
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
xxiv
4.
5.
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
Contents
Chapter 16
The Administration of Justice During
States of Emergency ..................................................811
Learning Objectives.................................................................................................811
Questions ..................................................................................................................811
Relevant Legal Instruments....................................................................................812
1.
Introduction......................................................................................................813
1.1
1.2
2.
3.
Introductory remarks.......................................................................................831
Relevant legal provisions.................................................................................832
The right to life.................................................................................................833
The right to freedom from torture and from cruel, inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment ..............................................................835
3.5 The right to humane treatment......................................................................837
3.6 The right to freedom from slavery and servitude. ......................................838
3.7 The right to freedom from ex post facto laws and the principle
of ne bis in idem...................................................................................................839
3.7.1 The prohibition of ex post facto laws.........................................................839
3.7.2 The principle of ne bis in idem ..............................................................840
3.8 The right to recognition as a legal person ....................................................842
3.9 The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion........................842
3.10 The right not to be imprisoned merely on the ground of inability
to fulfil a contractual obligation.....................................................................843
3.11 The rights of the family...................................................................................844
3.12 The right to a name..........................................................................................844
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
xxv
Contents
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
4.
xxvi
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers
NOTE
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication
do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the
United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its
authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
*
*
Material contained in this series may be freely quoted or reprinted, provided credit is
given and a copy of the publication containing the reprinted material is sent to the Office
of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations, 1211 Geneva 10,
Switzerland.
HR/P/PT/9