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Overview of Tutorial 1
In this tutorial you will:
z Add the equipment data and heat transfer information necessary to simulate the process
dynamically in Aspen Plus Dynamics
z Generate and export the dynamic simulation files from Aspen Plus for using in Aspen Plus
Dynamics
You will be opening the file MCHSPEC in the directory Program Files\AspenTech\Aspen Plus
xx.x\GUI\xmp. If you already know how to do this, open the file then click here to jump to the next
step.
2. In the Open dialog box, click the Look in Favorites toolbar button.
A dialog box appears, asking if you want to close the current run before opening a new run.
5. Click Yes to close the current run and open the MCHSPEC example backup file.
The MCHSPEC example file opens and the process flowsheet appears.
If you cannot see the Dynamic toolbar as shown above, follow these steps to add the toolbar:
3. In the Toolbars dialog box, ensure the Dynamic check box is selected.
4. Click OK.
Aspen Plus® uses a design specification to determine the phenol flow rate required to achieve the 98%
purity in the distillate. You can view the results of stream 2 to see that the required phenol flow rate is
approximately 1515 lbmol/hr.
Aspen Plus design specifications are often used for design purposes and generally do not correspond
directly to plant control strategies. For this reason, Aspen Plus Dynamics does not automatically convert
steady-state design specifications to dynamic controllers. In tutorial 3, you will create a controller to
maintain the product purity.
Before you can enter dynamic data, you have to click the Dynamic button on the Dynamic toolbar. This
enables you to access the dynamic input data sheets for each block.
1. To access the dynamic data for the MCH column, click the Dynamic button so that it is pressed in.
The RadFrac block (B1) contains forms that require dynamic data, so the status indicator on the status
bar changes to Required Input Incomplete.
You can now use the Next button to guide you through the required input data forms.
3. In the Flowsheet Complete dialog box, click OK to display the first required input form.
The Data Browser opens with the Block B1 (RADFRAC) Dynamic form displayed.
z vessel orientation
z head type
z length
z diameter
For heat transfer purposes, you will use log-mean temperature difference (LMTD) assumptions for the
condenser. Heat duty is dependent on the log mean temperature differential between the process fluid
and the heating/cooling medium. The reboiler heat duty is assumed constant.
2. In the Heat transfer option box, click the down arrow to see more options and from the list
displayed, click LMTD.
Do not change the other default values. The Condenser sheet is now complete.
4. In the Vessel Type field, click Horizontal from the list box.
5. In the Length field, type 6 ft and in the Diameter field, type 3 ft.
Do not change the other values. The Reflux Drum sheet is now complete.
7. In the Height field, type 5 ft and in the Diameter field, type 3 ft.
The Sump sheet is now complete and you have finished entering data for the condenser and reboiler.
In the previous section, you specified the necessary information for the condenser (stage 1) and the
reboiler (stage 22). In this section, you will enter the tray diameter geometry for stages 2 through 21.
The default values of the other parameters will be used.
2. In the Stage1 column, type 2 and in the Stage2 column, type 21.
4. Press enter to accept the input and leave the remaining values at their defaults.
The Tray geometry specifications are now complete and the sheet looks like this .
You have entered the additional data needed for the RadFrac column, and you are now ready to run the
steady-state simulation. You do this to ensure that all the results required to export the dynamic
simulation are calculated.
Having entered the dynamic specifications, you run the steady-state simulation.
To do this:
Aspen Plus displays the Control Panel where you can view the simulation messages during the run.
2. Wait for the message Simulation Calculations Completed to appear and Results Available to
appear in the status bar. This indicates that the run is complete.
1. On the Dynamic Toolbar, click the Export Dynamics (Flow Driven) button.
The dialog box prompts for the name of the dynamic simulation file.
2. Choose a folder other than the xmp folder from which you selected the MCHSPEC example
because this folder is for system files only.
z Mchdyndyn.appdf, which contains physical property data for use by Properties Plus during the
dynamic simulation
2. Go to the folder where you saved your exported dynamic simulation files.
A dialog box appears requesting if you want to save the file in Aspen Plus Document (quick restart)
format.
Tutorial Review
In this basic tutorial, you have learnt how to use Aspen Plus to:
z Add the equipment data and heat transfer information necessary to simulate the process
dynamically in Aspen Plus Dynamics
z Generate and export the dynamic simulation files for use in Aspen Plus Dynamics
Overview of Tutorial 2
To use this tutorial, you must have successfully completed tutorial 1 - Entering Dynamic Data, which
z Modify the control scheme associated with the column in the MCHDYN simulation by adding a
composition controller to maintain the purity of the distillate stream (stream 3).
The controller will measure the MCH composition in the distillate stream and manipulate the phenol
solvent stream (stream 2).
z Modify the controller tuning parameters (gain and integral time) for better control performance.
z Import control structures from other Aspen Plus Dynamics generated input files
When an Aspen Plus Dynamics simulation is created, level, pressure and temperature controllers are
automatically included where appropriate. For flow-driven dynamic simulations, these controllers are
configured as shown in this table:
For this type of control This type of controller is used To directly manipulate
Liquid level Proportional only Liquid flow rate
Pressure Proportional integral Vapor flow rate or duty, as appropriate
Temperature Proportional integral Duty
1. In the All Items pane of the Simulation Explorer, click the Expand (+) button next to Libraries;
then click the Expand (+) button next to Dynamics (the Dynamics library).
4. Drag PIDIncr onto the Process Flowsheet window and drop it in a suitable position above stream
2.
6. Right-click the block, and on the menu that appears, click Rename Block.
7. In the Input dialog box, type the new controller name MCHCOMP.
8. Click OK.
1. In the All Items pane of the Simulation Explorer, ensure that the Dynamics library is in expanded
view and the ControlModels list is displayed.
2. Click Dead_time and drag it to the Process Flowsheet window. Drop it to the left of the
MCHCOMP PID block.
4. Right-click the block, and on the menu that appears, click Rename Block.
5. In the dialog box that appears, type the name MCHCOMPDT for the Dead_time block; then click
OK.
1. If the ControlModels list is still expanded, in the All Items pane of the Simulation Explorer, click
the collapse (-) button by ControlModels to collapse it.
2. In the Dynamics library, click Stream Types to display the stream types in the Contents pane of
the Simulation Explorer.
3. In the Contents pane of the Simulation Explorer, click and hold down the mouse button on the
ControlSignal icon and drag it to the Process Flowsheet window. Continue holding down the
mouse button.
The ports that can be connected to this ControlSignal stream type become highlighted with arrows. As
you move the mouse pointer over a port, the name of the port appears and an arrow is highlighted to
guide your selection.
4. Move the mouse pointer over stream 3 and release the mouse button on the port marked
OutputSignal.
The Select the Control Variable dialog box for stream 3, the liquid distillate stream, appears.
5. Click STREAMS("3").Zn("MCH") to select the liquid mole fraction of MCH in the liquid
distillate; then click OK.
In the Process Flowsheet window, the cursor becomes an arrow connected to a solid black line.
Because there is only one input variable to connect to, the control signal is automatically connected to
the dead-time block.
7. In the Contents pane of the Simulation Explorer, click and hold down the mouse button on the
Control Signal icon again and drag it to the Process Flowsheet window.
8. Release the mouse button on the port marked OutputSignal of the MCHCOMPDT dead-time
block.
9. On the MCHCOMP block, click the port marked InputSignal to connect the control signal.
10. In the Select the Control Variable dialog box that appears, click MCHCOMP.PV; then click OK
to connect the control signal.
Your Process Flowsheet now contains a controller and a dead time block with the measured variable
connected.
2. In the Contents pane of the Simulation Explorer, click and hold down the mouse button on the
ControlSignal icon.
3. Drag it onto the Process Flowsheet to the port marked OutputSignal on the MCHCOMP block.
4. In the Select the Control Variable dialog box that appears, click MCHCOMP.OP; then click OK
to connect the control signal.
A control signal (black line with a cursor) is automatically created and is ready to be connected to a port.
6. To select the phenol component mole flow of stream 2, in the Select the Control Variable dialog
box,click the variable STREAMS("2").FcR ("PHENOL").
You have finished connecting the MCHCOMP PID controller and the MCHCOMPDT dead-time block.
Now you can modify the tuning properties for the controller blocks.
When you create new controllers, it is important to specify the correct direction for the action. It is also
important to check other main properties such as gain, integral time, derivative time, bias, and so on.
When the And the measured variable Then the manipulated variable is
action is
Direct Increases Increased
Direct Decreases Decreased
Reverse Increases Decreased
Reverse Decreases Increased
5.
z controller gain
z integral time
z derivative time
Aspen Plus Dynamics can also automatically initialize the values for the:
z bias
You can also manually change any of these parameter default values.
z the value for the operator set point to the current value of the process variable (PV) connected to
the controller (currently the output from the deadtime element)
z the value for the bias to the current value of the output (OP) variable (the phenol solvent stream
flow)
Because the dead time element has just been created, its output does not yet correspond to the process
variable (the MCH mole composition in the distillate stream).
1. When more than one control elements are connected together, click on the "Initialize Control
Scheme" command from the Tools menu.
This initializes each element starting from the process variable stepping through the control scheme to
the manipulated variable. These values are also used to determine default values for the process variable
and output ranges, so that the current value is at 50% of range.
2. The MCHCOMP controller should be reverse acting, so change the controller action.
z gain
z integral time
You will also modify the controller process variable and output ranges on the Ranges tab.
1. On the Tuning tab, in the Operator set point dialog box, type 0.98.
2. Under Process variable and set point, in the Range minimum box, type 0.0.
3. Under Process variable and set point, in the Range maximum box, type 1.
2. Right-click the block, and on the menu that appears, point to Forms, then Configure.
3. In the Configure table that appears, click the Value cell and type 5 to simulate a sensor dead time
of 5 minutes.
The MCHCOMPDT PID control block configure table looks like this:
You have now completed the specification for the dead time block.
The Simulation Messages window shows the file name and the directory in which it has been saved.
z Click here.
– or –
Overview of Tutorial 3
To use this tutorial, you must have successfully completed Aspen Plus Dynamics tutorial 1 (Entering
Dynamic Data) and tutorial 2 (Modifying the Control Scheme).
z Start, pause and implement a step disturbance in the feed flowrates of both MCH and toluene
If you already have the Mchdyn example file open in Aspen Plus Dynamics, click here to jump to the
next step.
2. Locate the drive or folder that contains the Mchdyn files from the previous tutorial.
3. From the Files of type list, click Aspen Plus Dynamics Files (*.dynd, *.dynf).
z See how well the column and its controller maintain the desired MCH purity after a feed flow
disturbance, by observing the column response from both the predefined controller plot and
faceplate
1. In the flowsheet, click the MCHCOMP block to select it, then right-click.
3. Arrange your windows so you can see the plot and the flowsheet.
A faceplate shows the actual values of the controller variables Set Point, Process Variable and Output
during a simulation. You can also use the faceplate to change controller settings.
2. Arrange your windows so you can see the plot and the faceplate.
z Adding a title
To do this:
4. In the Title Text field, type in the name for your plot: MCH Purity Control.
1. On the plot, double-click the numbers on the axis for Process Variable and Set Point to bring up
the Plot Text Setting dialog box.
1. On the plot, double-click the axis for Controller Output to bring up the Plot Text Setting dialog
box.
2. Change the Grid Interval to 200, then in the Axis Range fields, enter a range of 1200 to 1800.
3. Click OK to accept the changes and close the Plot Text Setting dialog box.
2. From the menu that appears, point to Forms and click Manipulate.
You are now ready to run the simulation ,and you will need to be able to view the faceplate, plot, and the
Manipulate table for Stream 1.
Tip: Maximize Aspen Plus Dynamics, and then arrange the windows yourself or using the Window
menu.
1. On the Run menu, click Pause At, which displays the Pause Time dialog box.
2. In the Pause Time dialog box, select Pause at Time and type 0.1 in the box.
4. On the Run Control toolbar, click the Run button to start the simulation.
The run stops at a simulation time of 0.1 hours and the Run Complete dialog box appears:
5. Click OK to continue.
Because the simulation started with a steady-state result from Aspen Plus®, and you have not yet
simulated a disturbance, the plot shows that the variables remain at steady-state.
In the Faceplate window, you can see that the steady-state phenol flowrate (Controller Output) is still
1515 lbmol/hr, which is consistent with the Aspen Plus® results, and the PV value is stable at 0.98.
Simulating a Disturbance
Now that you have used Aspen Plus Dynamics to reproduce the steady-state results from Aspen Plus,
you can simulate a disturbance by changing the composition of the feed to the column.
To do this:
2. Click the value cell for MCH component flow (FcR("MCH"), and replace 200 with 220.
3. Click the value cell for Toluene component mole flow (FcR("TOLUENE") and replace 200 with
180.
3. On the Run Control toolbar, click the Run button to continue the simulation.
4. In the MCH Purity Control plot, view the progression of the run.
The run stops at a simulation time of 2.5 hours. The controller response restores a steady-state condition.
After the run stops, you can view the full response.
To do this:
The plot shows how the change in feed composition affects the distillate purity. You also see how the
solvent flow is manipulated by the controller, to maintain the purity set point of 0.98. With the specified
controller parameters, the controller returns the purity to the set point within 2 hours.
Congratulations! You have now completed the last Aspen Plus Dynamics tutorial.