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KERALA
KERALAPUBLIC
PUBLICSERVICE
SERVICECOMMISSION
COMMISSION
CHAIRMAN
CHAIRMAN
DR.DR.
K.S.K.S.
RADHAKRISHNAN
RADHAKRISHNAN
MEMBERS
MEMBERS
SMT.
SMT.
P. JAMEELA
P. JAMEELA
SMT.
SMT.
K.K.
K.K.
REMANI
REMANI
SHRI.
SHRI.
U. U.
SURESH
SURESH
KUMAR
KUMAR
PROF.(DR.)
PROF.(DR.)
GRESAMMA
GRESAMMA
MATHEW
MATHEW
SHRI.
SHRI.
A.V.A.V.
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VALLABHAN
PROF.
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SELVARAJ
DR.DR.
P. MOHANDAS
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SHRI.
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PREMARAJAN
PREMARAJAN
SHRI.
SHRI.
ASOKAN
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CHARUVIL
CHARUVIL
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ADV.
M.K.
M.K.
SAKEER
SAKEER
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THOMAS
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HARINDRANATH
HARINDRANATH
SHRI.
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P. SIVADASAN
SHRI.
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SIMMY
SIMMY
ROSEBELL
ROSEBELL
JOHN
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RAVINDRANATHAN
RAVINDRANATHAN
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ADV.
S. S.
SHINE
SHINE
PROF.
PROF.
P.A.P.A.
KOCHUTHRESIA
KOCHUTHRESIA
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PSC BULLETIN
Rights reserved: No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, without prior written permission of the publisher.
NIKHIL
NIKHILKUMAR
KUMAR
RAJ
RAJBHAVAN
BHAVAN
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695099
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695099
GOVERNOR
GOVERNOR
OFOF
KERALA
KERALA
3 3December
December2013
2013
MESSAGE
MESSAGE
It Itisisgood
goodtotoknow
knowthat
thatthe
theKerala
KeralaPublic
Public
Service
ServiceCommission
Commission(KPSC)
(KPSC)intends
intendstotobring
bring
out
outa aspecial
specialedition
editionofofthe
thePSC
PSCBulletin
Bulletininin
January
January2014
2014highlighting
highlightingitsitsfunctioning
functioningand
and
procedures.
procedures.The
TheBulletin
Bulletinpublishes
publishes20,000
20,000
information
copies
copiesevery
everyfortnight
fortnightwith
withinformation
regarding
regardingjob
jobopportunities
opportunitiesininGovernment
Government
and
andPublic
PublicSector
SectorUndertakings.
Undertakings.
I wish
I wishthe
thespecial
specialissue
issueofofthe
thePSC
PSCBulletin
Bulletin
allallsuccess.
success.
(Nikhil
(NikhilKumar)
Kumar)
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10
FORMER
FORMER
CHAIRMEN
CHAIRMEN
V.K.
V.K.
VELAYUDHAN
VELAYUDHAN
(1956-62)
(1956-62)
P. P.
MARIYAR
MARIYAR
PUTHAM
PUTHAM
(1963-67)
(1963-67)
M.K.
M.K.
KUMARAN
KUMARAN
(1972-75)
(1972-75)
T.M.
T.M.
SAVANKUTTY
SAVANKUTTY
(1975(1975-8I)8I)
M.K.
M.K.
HEMACHANDRAN
HEMACHANDRAN
(1981-84)
(1981-84)
K.K.G.G.ADIYODI
ADIYODI
(1984)
(1984)
Prof.
Prof.
GOPALAKRISHNA
GOPALAKRISHNA
KURUP
KURUP
(1985-91)
(1985-91)
R.R.CHANDRASEKHARAN
CHANDRASEKHARANNAIR
NAIR
(1991-95)
(1991-95)
G.G.GOPALAKRISHNA
GOPALAKRISHNAPILLAI
PILLAI
(1996-2000)
(1996-2000)
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GANGADHARA
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(2006-2011)
KERALA
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Ch-yq-hn\v Wn-p-I-bp-p. Fgp-p-]-co--bpsS
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Chyq t_mUv . ]n.- F - k v . - k n. AwK- a m- b n- c - n pw
t_mUns sNbam.
11. dmv enns Imem-h[n km[m-cW KXn-bn Hcp
dmv env {]m_-e-y-n hcp XobXn apX Ghpw
Ipd-Xv Hcp hj-hpw, Ghpw IqSn-bXv aqv hjhpw
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apX Hcp hjtam AYhm Hcp hj-n-\Iw dmv
enn \npw Ah-km-\-ambn ]cn-io-e-\-n-\mbn sXcs-Sp-s
- -Sp-c
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enn-ep Fm DtZ-ym-Kmn-I-sfbpw \nb-a-\-n-\mbn
in]mi sNbvXp-Ig
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Atm Ah-km-\n-p-X
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enns Imem-h-[n-p-n dntmv sNbvX Hgn-hp-I-fntebvv Imem-h[n Ign-mepw AtX dmv enn \npXs \nb-a\ in]mi \Ipw.
12. \nb-a\ in]mi kwh-cW kap-Zm-b
- v km
ko-kn Al-amb {]mXn-\n[yw Dd-m-m \n-bnp sdmt-j Nmv {]Imcw, Hgn-hp-I dntmv sNp
apdbvv dmv enn \n-pw \nb-a\ in]mi sNp-p.
kwm-\s hnhn[ kwh-cW kap-Zm-b
- sf ]Xn-s\mv
D]-hn-`m-K--fmbn Xncn-mWv tSWpI \n-bn-n-cn-p-Xv. emv t{KUv XkvXn-I-Ipw CXc XkvXn-I-Ipw
hy-XykvX sdmt-j Nm-p-I-fmWv \S-m-n-bn-p--Xv.
tIcf tv B v kt_mUnt\v kokv dqknse 14
apX 17 hsc-bp N-p hnt[-b-ambn kwh-c-W-XX-z- Ii-\-am-bn-]m-en-p-sIm-mWv \nb-a\ in]mi
\S-p-X
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13. \nb-a\ BUnv 2010 Unkw-_ 14 \ptijw ]n.-Fkv.-kn. hgn \nb-a\w e`n-p DtZ-ym-Kmn-Isf kw_n hnh-c- BUnv sNp kwhn-[m\w \S-m-nbn-p-v. CXn-\mbn \nb-a\ in]mi \Inb ]n.-F-kv.kn. B^o-kn DtZ-ym-Kmn t\-cnv lmP-cm-tI--Xm-Wv.
]n.-Fk
- v.k
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DtZ-ym-K-n {]th-in-Xv Fp Dd-p-h-cpn kn-^nv \Ip-p. Cu ]cn-tim-[\ Ign-m am{Xta DtZymKmn-I-fpsS s{]mt_-j Un-b sNp-I-bp-p.
32
14. Unmvsa sSv km ko-kn {]th-inp--h-cpsS s{]mt_-j Un-b sNp--Xn\pw m\- b w e`n- p- - X n\pw Ah- i yw ]mm- b n- c n- t
Unmvsa v ]co-I
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DssS 56 ]com tI{--fm-Wp-Xv. CXp IqSmsX
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Au- v Fn-hm-bp kvs]j-y sSp-I Fnhbpw \S-n-h-cp-p.
15. Unmvsa s{]mtam-j In-n-I km
Poh-\-mv m\--bw \Ip-Xv Unmvsa
s{]mtam-j In-n-I tbmKw tNv kokv tcJ-I
]cn-tim-[nv tbmK-yX \n-bnv Xm-dm-p skeIvSv env
{]Im-c-am-Wv. ]n.-F-kv.-kn. sNbamt\m Atlw \nt-inp ]n.-F-kv.-kn. AwKtam BWv Cu In-n-bpsS A[-y. hIpv ta[m-hntbm _-s Khsa v sk{I-dntbm BWv Iho-\.
16. hnPn-ekv hn`mKw Agn-aX
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kz-`m-ha
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- mWv Io-js hnPn-ekv B v skIyq-cnn hn`m-Kw. t]meokv hIp-nse Hcp DX DtZ-ym-K-\mWv CXns Xe-h.
17. FI-z-bdn hn`mKw DtZ-ym-Kmn-Iv th hnh-c \Ip--Xn\pw Ah-cpsS kwi-b- Zqcn-I-cn-p-Xn-\pambn cmhnse Fp aWnapX sshIp-tcw Bdp aWnhsc XpSbmbn Io-js Bm\ B^o-kn FI-zbdn hn`mKw {]hn-p-p. Pnm--ta-Jem B^o-kp-Ifn B^okv ka-bv FIz-bdn hn`m-K-ns tkh\w
e`-y-am-Wv. DtZ-ym-Kmn-Iv ]n.-F-kv.kn sbp-dn-p
IqSp-X hnh-c
- e`-ya
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bqWn-pw {]hn-p-p.
18. ]n.-F-kv.-kn. _p-n Io-js HutZym-KnI {]kno-I-c-W-amb ]n.-Fkv.-kn. _p-n Fm amkhpw Hv,
15 Xob-Xn-I-fn {]kn-o-I-cn-p-h-cp-p. sXmgn-h-e-kc Adnbn-p-I, ]com Ie-, tjmv enp-I, dmv enpI XpS-n-b-hbvv ]pdsa sXmgnhn-m-\ ]wn-Ifpw
CXn Ds-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-p.
19. tIm sk - - ]n.-F-kv.-kn. bpambn _-s Imc-y-fpsS At\-z-j-W-pw kwib\nhm-c-W-n-\p-am-bn
cmhnse Fp-aWn apX cm{Xn Fp-aWn hsc Im sk
kw-hn-[m\w ]n.-F-kv.-kn. Bm\ B^o-kn {]hnp-p-v. kwm-\n-\I
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- W
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\.
20. ]n.-F-kv.-kn. sh_vsskv 2003 sk]vw-_ Hn\v
\ne-hn h Io-js HutZym-KnI sh_vssk-mb
www.keralapsc.gov.in eqsS Io-j\
- p-ambn _-s Fm
hnh-c
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kX-z-c-ambpw Adn-bm Ign-bpp.
21. hmjnI dntmv Io-js {]h\w kw_n hmjnI dntmv Hmtcm hjhpw Pqsse ]Xn-\-n\Iw Xm-dm-p-Ibpw Khv kan-p-Ibpw sNpp. {]kvXpX dntmn Io-js GsX-nepw D]tZiw
Kh-sa v \ncm-I-cn-n-p-s-n AXn-s\-p-dn-p ]cmaihpw Ds-Sp-p-p. Cu dntmv Io-js D]-tZ-in \nv hy-Xn-N-en-m-\p km-cns hni-Zo-I-cWw
klnXw \nb-ak
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33
ARCHIVES
H-cp bq-Wn-n-se
20 Du- g - - f n
10 F- w OC
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34
1985 \hw-_-dn
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{]Xn \In-smv {]Im-i\ Iw \nln--Xv. 12 t]Pp _p-n\v hne Hcp cq]bm-bn-cp-p (C-tm Ap-cq-]).
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tPmen-n-c
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A-Snp Inp-Is
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C-s\-sbms _mem-cn-jvSX
- I
- t\cn-tSn
hs-n-epw hmb-\-m-cn \nv Kw`oc hc-
sXm
35
H--hW cPn-kvt{S-j\pw
Hmsse ]cobpw
B.a-t\mPv
knw amt\-P
tIcf ]nIv kokv Io-j
tIcf ]nIv kokv Io-js sh_vssk-n-eqsS Hmsse-\mbn
H--hW cPn-kvt{S-j \S-p--Xn-\p am \nt-i-
H--hW cPn-kvt{S-j
36
tI-cf
- ]-n-Iv k-ho-kv I-o-j D-tZ-ym-Kmn-I-m-bn H-cp-n-bn-p- G-IP
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- kw-hn[m-\-am-Wv H---h-W c-Pn-kv-t{S-j. H---hW c-Pn-kv-t{S-j 2012 P-\p-h-cn 1 ap-X {]m-_ey-n h-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. I-o-j-s Hu-tZym-Kn-I sh-_s
-v sk-m-b www.keralapsc.gov.in eqsS-bm-Wv D-tZ-ym-Km-n-I h-s
- sSw c-Pn-ktv- {Sj \-S-t--Xv. {]-kv-Xp-X kw-hn-[m-\-n-eqsS-bm-Wv ]n.-F-kv.-kn. hn-m-]-\w ]p-d-s-Sp-hnp- hn-hn-[ X-kv-Xn-I-I-fp-sS A-t]--I DtZym-Km-n-I k-a-n-t-X
- v. Hm-tcm X-hW
A-t]- k-a-n-p-tm-gpw, D-tZ-ym-Km-n Xs hy-n-K-X, tbm-K-y-X hn-h-c- B-h-np tc-Js
- -Sp-t-X
- n-. a-dn-v c-Pn-ktv- {S-j\
- n
\-In-bn-p- hn-hc
-
- A-t]-I
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- m-Wv sN-p-X
- v. A-Xp-sIm-p-Xs
-
c-Pn-kv-t{S-j h-f-sc {i--tbm-sS-bm-Wv tc-J-sSp-t-X
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- f
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- t\-cn-d
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]-co--I-fp-sS A-Uv-an-j Sn--v/C-hyq satm/Im-bn-I
- a
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- m ]-co-b
- p-sS A-Ua
-v n-j Sn-v Xp-S-n-b-h Uu-tem-Uv sN-bv-Xv F-Sp-p-Xn-\pw, ]-s-Sp- ]-co--I-fp-sS ^-ew, Np-cp--n-I, dm-v ]-n-I Xp-S-n-b hn-h-c- A-dnbp-X
- n-\pw km-[n-p- X-c
- n-em-Wv h-s
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c-Pn-kt-v {S-j cq-]I
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-v n-p-X
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s{]m-ss^ h-gn-bpw F-kv.-Fw.-F-kv. eq-sS-bpw
e-`-y-am-p--Xpw Cu kw-hn-[m-\-n-s {]-tX-yI-Xb
- m-W.v
H---h-W c-Pn-kv-t{S-j \-S-p--Xn-\m-bn
]n.-F-kv.-kn. bp-sS Hu-tZ-ym-Kn-I sh-_v-ssk-m-b
www.keralapsc.gov.in se h ssSw c-Pn-kvt{j en-v n-v sN-p-I. A-tm c-Pn-kv-t{Sj \-S-p--Xn-\p- t]-Pv kv-{Io-\n sX-fnbpw. Cu t]-Pn c-v ku-I-c-y--fp-v-.
(A) ]pXp-Xmbn cPn-kvt{S-j sNp-X
- n\v
(B) cPn- sNbv X n- p- - h v Ah- c psS
s{]mss^-en Fp-X
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(A)) ]pXp-Xmbn cPn- sNp-Xn\v
(1) BZ-ya
- mbn cPn- sNp-h
- Registration
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
sXc-s-Sp-m-hp-X
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(8) Atm nc tahn-emkw, Ip-I
Ab-t XmXvIm-enI tahn-emkw
Fnh tcJ-s-Sp-p-X
- n-\p In-I
Zri-ya
- m-Ipw, Ah-bn hop \, hop t]cv,
sXcp-hv, t]mv Hm^o-kv, ]ntIm-Uv, Pn,
Xmeq-v, hnt-Pv, ]m-bv/ap\n-kn-menn/tImtd-j Fnh icn-bmbn tcJs-Sp-t-X
- m-W.v
(9) AXn-\p-tijw DtZ-ym-Kmn-I
- v kzw
C-sa-bn hnem-khpw samss_ \dpw
Dsn AXn\v tcJ-s-Sp-m-hp-X
- m-W.v
samss_ \ \Ip DtZ- y mKmnIp am{Xta Io-js Fkv.F
- w.F-kv. tkh\w e`-ya
- m-Ip-Ib
- p-p.
(10) XpSv ImW-s-Sp kv{Io\n DtZ-ymKmnv Xm--c-y-ap User ID bpw
PasswordDw \I-Ww. bqk sFUn e`yamtWm Atbm Fv Adn-bnv e`-ya
- m-Ipw.
User ID e`-y-a-s-n amn \Ip-Ibpw
thWw. DtZ-ym-Kmn Hmn-cn--hn-[n-ep User ID sXc-s-Sp-pXv A`nIm-ay- a- m-bn-cn-pw. {]kvXpX User ID bpw Password Dw `mhn-bnse ]co-I
- v At]-np--Xn\pw dnkpw ap hnh-c
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kqnv hbvp-hm {]tX-yIw {in-btv -Xm-Wv. XpSp-hc
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bpw Password Dw e`-ya
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X Ddv hcp-m Ignbn-. SMS e`n-n-snepw login sNm Ign-m DtZ-ym-Kmn
register sNbvXp Fv Dd-p-hc
- p-mw)
(11) ta ]d-n-p hnh-c
- \In Untd-j\
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sNbvXv Submit _ nv sNp-tm
cPn-ktv {S-j ]q-am-Ipw. Atm DtZ-ymKmnv login details t]Pv e`-ya
- m-Ipw. Hcp
DtZ-ym-Kmn bmsXmcp Imc-Wh
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- mepw Hntesd cPn-kvt{S-j \S-m ]mSp-X
-
- .
( B)) cPn- sNbv X n- p- f - f - h v Ah- c psS
s{]mss^- e n Fp- Xn\v temKn
sNm
cPn- sNbvXn-p DtZ-ym-Kmn-Iv
cPn-kvt{S-j t]Pn-eqsS User ID bpw Pass-
Hcp At]-s
- b-nepw kan-p-Ig- n-m
DtZ-ym-Kmn-Iv s{]mss^-en Xncp hcp-p-hm km[n-p-Ib
- n. XpSv
Xncp- hcp-p-hm ]n.-Fk
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- n-b
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Hm^o-kn A-t] \tIXpw Adn-bnv
Inp apdbvv A kn-^n-
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]cn-tim-[\
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37
38
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
thn-bp-X
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{]kvXpX ka-bv Hmsse ]co-bpsS amXr-I-bn DtZ-ym-Kmn-Iv
practice sNp-X
- n-\p tNmZ-y
- fpw AXn\p option Ifpw kz-ta
- [
- bm kv{Io\n
Zriy-amIpw. icn-bm-b o- ption click sNbvXv
DtZ-ym-Kmn-Iv D-c
- tcJ-s-Spm-hp-XmWv
Demo ]co-bvv 20 tNmZ-y
- f
- mWv \Inbn-p-X
- v. IrX-ya
- mbn ]co Bcw-`n-p
ka-ba
- m-Ip-tm sUtam ]co Ah-km\n-p-Ibpw kz-ta-[bm bYm ]co
Bcw`n-p-Ibpw sNpw. Atm Xs
DtZym-Kmn-Iv ]co-b
-
v p tNmZy Attend sNbvXv XpS-m-hp-X
- mW-Wv.
BsI \qdv tNmZ-y
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- v. Hcp ka-bv Hcp tNmZyw
am{Xta kv{Io\n ImWp-hm Ign-bq.
Hmtcm tNmZ-y
- pw \mev option D-c Dm-Ipw. DtZ-ym-Kmn-I
- v icn-sbv
tXmp option button click sNbvXX
- n\p-tijw next button click sNbvXv Dcw
tcJ-s-Sp-m-hp-m-XW
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sNbv X m am{Xta Dcw tcJ- s - S pnbXmbn \n-bn-p-Ib
- p-p. DS Xs
ASp tNmZyw kv{Io\n sXfn-bpw.
kv{Io\ns Xmgv `mK-mbn \qdv tNmZ-y
- fpsS Status Zri- y - a m- p In- I
ImWphm km[n- pw. Hmtcm tNmZ- y pw Dcw tcJ-s-Sp-p-tm InI-fpsS \ndw\oebmbn a m d p - - X m - W v .
Dcw tcJ-s-Sp-nb tNmZ-y
- t- f-Xm-sWv
In-If
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- m-W.v InI-fn nv sNbvXv GXv tNmZyw thW-san-epw Zri-ya
- m-p-X
- n\pw Dcw tcJ-sSp-p-X
- n\pw tcJ-s-Sp-nb Dcw Xncpp-X
- n-\v km[n-p-X
- m-Wv.
]com kabw Ah-km-\n-p-tm DtZymKmn Dcw tcJ-s-Sp-nb hnh-csfw I-yq- skh-dn kqn-s
- Sp-Ibpw Dcw tcJ-s-Sp-n-bXpw Amp- a mb tNmZy- - f psS \ne- h m- c - - nI
kv{Io\n Zri-ya
- m-Ip-Ibpw sNp-X
- m-W.v
]co-m kabw Ah-km-\n-m DtZ-ymKmn kz-ta-[bm Xs Logout Bp-Xn\m AXn-\p-tijw D-c
- tcJ-sSp-p-X
- nt\m Xncp-p-X
- nt\m D Ahkcw e`np-X
-
- . Bb-Xn-\m ]com
ka-b
- n-\p-n Xs tcJ-s-Sp-e
- p-I
]q-o-Icnt-X
- m-W.v
tI
Fnepw ]n-p-S-m-hIm-isa \n-ebn-emWv- ]escbpw- DtZym-Kn-- \n-ban-n-cp-Xv.CXv- s]m-Xp-`cWn-s-d Im-cy-aX KWy-ambn- Ip-dbv-p-p-shv- a\n-em-n-b Bbn-eywXn-cp-\m- alm-cm-Pm-hv- 1874 - kz-P\]]mXw- \n-b{n-m- Hcp- hn-fw-_cw- ]p-dsSp-hnp.Ime{ItaW Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq- k-ho-kn-se
DtZym- K \n- b a\w- DX Pm- X n- m- c p- s S IpIbmbn amdngnncpp. F{X ka-XY
-v cmbn-cp-m-epw- Xm-gv- Pm-Xn-m-sc k-m- kho-kn-seSp-n-cp-n-.- Kh-san-se DX
Xkv-Xn-II- ]ctZin-Ifm-b Xan-gv- {_m-lv-aWISn-bn-cp-p.- 19mw- \q-m-n-s-d Ahkm-\ambtm-tgpw,- Xsfbm-Iam-\w- k-m-cp-tZymKfn-\n-v- am-n- \n-n-bn-cn-p-Xn-ep-
Aa-jw- Xm-WPm-Xn-mcpw Xt-iobcpw- {]ISnn-p- Xp-Sn.- Xfn-\n-v- Ip-tdt-snepw- \n-ba\w- XcWsa Ahcp-sS BhiywKhsa v AwKo-I-cnn-.a e b m f n Cu-gh
satmdnbepI
:
XncphnXmwIqdnse
Db DtZymKfn
]ctZinIfmb Xangv
{_mWamsc
\nbanncpXn
Aajw]qv {ioaqew
Xncp\m almcmPmhn\v
\mpIm kan
\nthZ\amWv "aebmfn
satmdnb'-.
"XncphnXmwIq
Pn.]n.]n
XncphnXmwIqdpImv'F Bibns D]mXmhmb _mcn
Pn.]n.]nbpw
sI.]n.ictat\m,
kn.hn.cma]n FnhcpamWv CXn\p
apssIsbSpXv. 1891 P\phcnbn
almcmPmhn\p kan lPnbn 10038 t]
Hnncpp. DtZymK\nba\fn \mpImv
PmXnaX]cnKW\IfnmsX apKW\
\IWsapw \nba\fn B\p]mXnI
{]mXn\n[yw thWsapambncpp CXnse apJy
Bhiy.
cm-Py-s sam-w- P\kw-Jy-bp-sS An-semp-`m-Kap-m-bn-cp- Cu-gh-v- DtZym-Kfn-
39
DtZym-Km--Yn-Isf
sXcsSp-p-I,tbm-Ky-X \n-iv-Nbnp-I,- a-kc]coIfpw- C-d-hyqhpw- \Sp-I,- dn{Iq-v-sa-dv- \nba- Xm-dmp-I Xp-Snbhbm-bn-cp-p- 1935
Pq- 25\vKhsa - v - ]pdsSp-hn-
Dchn- ]n-Ivk-ho-kvIojWdp-sS NpaXeIfm-bn- \nhNn-n-cp-Xv-.-
40
\m-aam-{X {]m-Xn-\n-[yw- t]m-epw- Cmbncpp. _pn-ap-p-I- ]eXpw- kln-v- DXhn-Zym-`ym-kwt\Sn-b ]e kap-Zm-bmw-K-pw- DtZym-Kat\zjn-v- cm-Py-n-\p- shfn-bn- t]m-tIn-hp.km
kvIqfpIfnepw
km
DtZymKfnepw Cughv Ahkcw thWsav
Bhiysv 13176 t] Hn lPn 1896
sk]vXw_ aqn\v tUm.]]phns
t\XrXzn {ioaqew
Xncp\m almcmPmhn\p
kanXmWv Cugh
satm-dn-b. Cu-ghcpsS km-aq-ln-I ]n-m-mhkvY
- bv
- p-ap- Hcp- ImcWw- Ah-v- k-mk-ho-kn- {]m-Xn-\n-[ywCm-Xn-cp-Xm-sWpwae_m- {]tZiv- {_no- j v - k- m- c n- s - d
Iogn, XfpsS kam\
tUm.]]p
kmaqlnI ]Zhnbp
kapZmbamb Xo-b-v- tPm-en- e`n-p-sIm-n-cnp-p-ap-s hkvX
- p-X Cu- l-Pn-bn- Nq-nm-Wn-n-cp-p.- lPnbnse Bhiy Znhm
ickp \ncknpIfp. AXn\m
asmcp lPn, ssht{kmbn Igvk {]`p
1900 XncphnXmwIq kintm
kanp. Fm, \mpcmPyfnse sNdnb
Imcyfn CSs]Sm {_n\v Xm]cyans
\ne]mSmWv Atlw kzoIcnXv.
Ccp]Xmw \qmnse XncphnXmwIq
XncphnXmwIq: ta
{]tm-`
- f
- psSsbmw ^e-ambn k-m-cn-s
\bn- Nn-e am-- hp.- ]n-m-hn-`mKm--v \m-aam-{Xam-sbn-epw- k-m-cp-tZy-mK
- we`n-p-Xp-Sn.- {io-aq-ew- Akw-n-bn- Aw-Kamb alm-Ihn- Ip-am-c\m-im- Cu-gh-pw- ap- ]nm-m-pw- k-mk-ho-kn- Iq-Sp-X- {]mXn-\n-[yw- \-tIXn-sd Bhiy-IX- ]etm-gpwk`bn- N-m-hn-jbamn.- 1915 Bbtm-tgpw\n-ba\fnAhkckaXzw- \-IpIsb Bibn-s-d
shfn-n- Khsa -v
]n-m-m--v Nn-e ]cnIp-am-c\m-imKW\I- \- I n- pSn.AhkckaXz-n-\p-thn- s]m-Xp-P\m-`n-{]mbw- iIv-Xam-bXn-s-d ^eam-bn- 1921 Bbtmtgpw- Fm- Pm-Xn-aX hn-`m-Km-pw- \nba\Im-cy-n- ]cn-KW\ \-IWsa \ntZiw- Kh-sa v- hIp-p-Xehamp\-In.km-ap-Zm-bn-I {]m-Xn-\n-[y-n-s-d {]iv-\w- 1929ePn-to-hv- Iu-kn-en- N-bv
- p-hp.- {]mXn-\n-[y-an-sp- hn-hn-[ kap-Zm-bfp-sS ]cm-
Xn-v- ]cn-lm-cap-m-m-\p- ^e{]Zam-b amK \n-tZin-m- Khsa v- Hcp- In-nsb \n-tbm-Kn-p.- 1933- ka-n-s In-ndn-tm-v- Khsa v- ]cn-tim-[n-p-Ibpw- Hm-tcmhIp-n-epw- hnhn-[ Pm-Xn-m--v e`n-n-p- DtZymKfp-sS A\p-]m-Xw- IWm-p-Xn-\p-thnkvY
- n-Xn-hn-hcIWp-I- tiJcn-p-Xn-\p-
\S]Sn-I- kzo-Icn-p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.\nh\ {]tm`Ww
{]tm`Ww: XncphnXmwIqdn
\nbak`bnepw km \nba\fnepw
\ymbamb
{]mXn\n[yw
e`nm
Cugh{InkvXyapnw kapZmb
kwLSnv \Snb kacamWv \nh\
{]tm`Ww. Cu {]tbmKns D]mXmhv
{]ikvX ]WvUnX sF.kn.Nmtmbmbncpp.
CXn\mbn 1932 Unkw_ 17\v Hm {SmhIq
tPmbn v s]mfnn tIm^dkv
(kwbp cmjv{Sob kanXn) Fsmcp kwLS\
cq]hXvIcnp. F.hn.tPmk^pw kn.tIi-h\pw
]n.sI.Ippw ap\ncbn {]hnp. DtZymK\n-ba\ {]iv\
- w- hn-iZam-bn- ]cn-tim-[n-p-Xn\v- Khsa v Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq- ssltm-SXn-bnse PUv-Pn-bm-bn-cp- tUm.Pn.- Un.- t\m-Iv-kns\
kvs
- ]jy- Hm^o-kdm-bn- 1934- \n-ban-p.- DtZymK \n- b a\n- \ p- t hn- ]n- I v - k- h o- k v Inj- cq-]h-Icn-p-Xn-\p- km-[yXIsfp-dn-v- ]Tn-v- dn-tm-v- ka-n-p-Ibmbn-cp-p- kv-s]jy-em-^o-kdp-sS Np-aXe.- kapZm-b {]m-Xn-\n-[yw- {Iao-Icn-p-Xn-\p-thnP\sf ku-Icy-{]Zam-b co-Xn-bn- h-Ko-Icnp-Xn-\pw- t\m-Ivk
- n-s\ Np-aXesSp-n-bn-cpp.- 1935 am-v- 14\v- ka-n-s t\m-Iv-kns-d dn-tm-v- {]Im-cw,- sam-w- P\kw-Jy-bpsS cp-iXam-\san-epw- kw-Jym-_eap- kapZm-b-sm-w- h-Ko-b {]m-Xn-\n-[y-n-s-d
{]tbm-P\w- \-Im- Khsa v- Xo-cpam-\n-p.]n- I v - k- h o- k v - IojW
IojW: \n-h-\
{]kv-Ym-\w,- \n-bak`bn-se hm-Z{]Xn-hm-Z,s]m-Xp-P\m-`n-{]m-bw- Xp-Sn-bhbp-sS kzm-[o\^eam-bn- DtZym-K\n-ba\n-\v- Hcp- ]n-Ivk-ho-kv- IojWsd \n-ban-m- Khsa vXo-cp-am-\n-p.- DtZym-Km--Yn-Isf sXcsSp-pI,- tbm-Ky-X \n-iN
v- bn-p-I,- a-kc]co-IfpwC-d-hyq-hpw- \Sp-I,- dn-{Iq-s
v- a-dv- \n-baXm-dm-p-I Xp-Sn-bhbm-bn-cp-p- 1935 Pq25\v- Khsa - v- ]p-dsSp-hn- Dchn- ]nIv- k-ho-kv- InjWdp-sS Np-aXeIfm-bn- \nhNn-n-cp-Xv.- - Pn-.Un-. t\m-Ivk
- v- Bbn-cp-p- BZys ]n-Iv- k-ho-kv- InjW.- 1936 s^{_phcn-bn- DtZym-Kkv-Y\n-ba\s kw-_\v-[n-
hy-Iv-Xam-b \n-ba- k-m- {]kn-o-Icnp.- 1936 Pq- 14mw-Xo-bXn- ap-X- Cu- \n-ba{]m-_ey-n- hp.- Cu- dn-{Iq-v-sa-dv- \nba- Nn-d t`ZKXn-Itfm-sS 1940 hsc \nehn-en-cp-p.- 1940 HIvt- Sm-_dn- dn-{Iq-vs
- a-dv- \nba- \ho-Icn-sp.- ]n-Iv- k-ho-kvInjWdp-sS \n-ba\tm-sSm-w- Xm-m-en-
Iam-bn- cq-]h-Icn-s ]n-Iv- k-ho-kvhIp-v- 1942- Hcp- kv-Yn-cw- hIp-m-bn-o-p.1949- Xn-cp-sIm-n- kw-tbm-P\w- \Sp-Xp-hsc
]n-Iv- k-ho-kv- IojWdpw- Atln-s
Io-gn-ep- ]n-Iv- k-ho-kv- hIp-pw {]h-np.sImocmPyhpw
]nIv
khokv
I o j \ p ww: sImnbn {IaoIrXamb
coXnbnep `cW k{Zmbw Bcw`nXv
i Xpcm Fdnbsncp cmaha(`c- W - I mew 17901805) bpsS ImetmSp
IqSnbmbncpp. 1812 sImnbn Znhm\mbn
\nbans tIW atdm cmPynse
s]mXp`cW kwhn[m\s Agnp ]WnXp.
`cW]cnjv I mcfpsS `mKambn hnhn[
hIppIfn At\Iw DtZymKamsc
]pXpXmbn \nbantXm-bnhp. Db
XkvXnIIfn Znhm t\cnp \nba\w \Sn.
Xmgv XkvXnIIfnse \nba\n
kzP\]]mXhpw PmXn]cnK- W \bpw
kzm[o\w sNepp {]hWX \ne\np.
`cWImcyfn P\Iob ]mfnw
BhiyspsImv \nch[n {]tm`W
Dmbn. Ccp]Xmw \qmtmSpIqSn Cu
Bhiyw iambnop. \nbak`bnepw
ham\-]{Xfnepw DtZymK\nba\{]iv\w
hnhmZhnj- b ambnop. kzX{ambn
{]hnp Hcp m]\neqsS \nba\w
\StXns BhiyIX t_m[ys
km 1936 sk]vXw_dn m^v ske
t_mUv cq]hcnp. \nbak` ]mkmnb
BIvSv A\pkcnv 1947 aqv AwKtfmsS
sImn ]nIv khokv Ioj
cq]hXvIcnp.
XncpsImn ]nIv khokv Ioj
Ioj:
1949 XncpsImn kwtbmP\spSv
XncpsImn ]nIv khokv Ioj
\nehn hp. Xncph\]pcw Xs
bmbncpp Bm\w. aqwK Iojs
sNbam kn.Ipncma\mbncpp.
a e _ m d p w ] n F k v k n b p ww: 1792se
{iocwK]Ww DSSn {]Imcw ae_m {]tZiw
Snphn\nv {_nojpImp e`npIbpw
XpSv a{Zmkv {]hniybpsS Iognep Hcp
Pnbmbn amdpIbpw sNbvXp. tImgntmSmbncpp {_nojv ae_mdns Bm\w. 1929
Cy- b nse BZys {]hniym ]nv
kokv Io-j\
- mb "a{Zmkv ]nv kokv
Io-j' {]h-\a
- m-cw-`n-t- Xm-Sp-IqSn ae-_m
{]tZ-is km DtZym-K \nb-a-\-
a{Zmkv ]nv kokv Io-js \nb-{W-n-em-bn. 1956 se kwm\ ]p\x-kw-LS\ hsc B nXn XpSp.
tIcf ]nFkvknbpsS cq]hXvIcWw
cWw: 1956
kwm\ ]p\wLS\sbpSv Xncph
\]pcw Bm\ambn kwm\-sammsI
A[nImc]cn[nbp tIcf ]nIv khokv
Ioj \nehnhp. hn.sI.them-bp[-\mbncpp BZys tIcf ]nIv kokv Ioj sNbam. s]mXp{]h- I \mbpw
XncphnXmwIq te_ IojWsd
\nebnepw Iatijn sXfnbn hynXzn\pSabmbncpp Atlw. IfIvSdpsS
tat\mn {]hnncp Unkv{SnIvSv
dn{Iqv s a v t_mUpI ]nmev
]n.Fkv.knbpsS Pnm Hm^okpIfmbn amdn.
]noSv Dc, a[y, ZnWtaJeIfpsS
Iognhcp PnIsf GtIm]nnpsImv
bYm{Iaw tImgntmSv, FdWmIpfw, sImw
Fnh Bm\ambn aqv taJem Hm^okpIfpw \nehnhp. Ctm Io-j-\n
sNb--am DssS 21 AwK-fp-v.
Ah-ew_w
1. tIcf ]nIv kokv Io-j
t\i.-Sn.-am-X-yp.
2. tIcfw Ncn{Xw F. {io[-c-ta-t\m
3. tIcf ]n.-F-kv.-kn. Hm^okv am\z
hn.sI.them-bp[\m-bncpp
BZys tIcf
]nIv kokv
Io-j
sNbam.
s]mXp{]hI\mbpw
XncphnXmwIq
te_
IojWsd
\nebnepw
Iatijn
sXfnbn
hynXzn\pSabmbncpp
Atlw.
41
Hm-p-dnv
kzm
kzm-- X-{y-k-a-c tk-\m-\n-bpw- {]-ap-J- cm-jv-
-fn-\n-v- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- t\-Sn.- kv-Iq- hnZym- ` ym- k - Im- e - p- X- s {So-b- t\-Xm-hpw- ap- ]n.-Fkzm- X - { y- k - a - c - h p- a m- b n- _kv.-kn.- Aw-K-hp-am-bn-cp- sX-s-- {]-h--\-- B-aw- _m-e-Ir-jv-W-s hn-cw-`n-- A-t-lw- tkm-jy-enh-I-c-am-b B-i-b-am-Wv- ]n.-Fv- {]-m-\--fn-se- k-Po-hkv.-kn.- _p--n-\ns- {]-knkm-n-[y-am-bn- \n-c-h-[n- k-ao-I-c-W-n-te-v- \-bn--Xv.c-t]m-cm---fn t\-Xr-m-\{]-kn-o-I-c-W-n-\v- ap-Jy-]p- m- b n- c p- p.- 1970- A vh- l n- bi:
Sq- a--e-n \n-pw- Fw.-i-co-c-\m-b- At-ls- 25mwF.-F.B-bn- sX-c-s-Sp-h-j-n F-n-\n--p-s-p. 1981 sk-]v-w-_- 7mw]n.-F-kv.-kn.- _p--n- CuXo-b-Xn- ]n-F.-kv.-kn.- Aw-K-amA-h-k-c-n- - B-Z-c-thm-sSbn- Np-a-X-e-tb-p. km--c-Xmkv-a-cn-p-p.{]-h--\-n-epw- {K--imsImw- Pn--bn ]-g-b- Ipem- {]-m-\-n-epw- k-Po-h-q- Xm-eq-n-s-- AsXaw _me- I r- j v W
km- n- [ y- a m- b n- c p- p- A- t Sq-cn-\-Sp-v- sX--a-v- 1927
G-{]n- -H-n-\m-Wv- A-t-l-n-s- P-\-\w.- am- lw,- tI-c-f- {K--im-em- kw-L-n-s- sshth-en--c- Xm-eq-n-se- ]--q- kv-Iq,- I-S- kv-{]-kn-U-m-bpw- {K-m-tem-I-n-s- F-Un-\m-Sv- bp.-]n.-kv-Iq,- C-cp--\-m-Sv- K-h.- kv- -dm-bpw- Im-s^-Un-s- t-v- dn-tkm-gv-kv- skIq,- sIm-w- F-kv.-F- tIm-tf-Pv- F-n-hn-S- - U-b-d-Iv-S-dm-bpw- {]-h-n-n-cp-p.-
H--hW cPn-kvt{S-j
::
t^mtm kw_-n \nt-i-
01012012 apX {]m_-ey-
- nep h-ssSw
cPn- k v t {S- j , Io- j s HutZ- y m- K nI
sh_vssk-mb www.keralapsc.gov.in hgn
\S-n-bt- i-ja
- mWv DtZ-ym-Kmn-I hnhn[
XkvXn-Imbn At] kan-t-X
- v.
t^mtm A]v t emUv sNp- t m ]comn- I Xmsg- ] - d - b p Imc- y -
{]tXyIw {in-t-X
- m-Wv.
1. t^mtmbn DtZ-ym-Kmn-bpsS t]cpw
t^mtm FSp Xob-Xnbpw ]Xn-n-cnWw.
2. 01082014 apX Io-j ]pd-s-Sp-hnp hnm-]-\- {]Imcw DtZ-ymKmn-I At] kan-p-tm
At] kan-p Xob-Xnv Hcp
hj-n-\Iw FSp t^mtm Bbn-cnWw A]vtemUv sNt--Xv.
3. ]co-mn-bpsS apJhpw tXmfp-If
- psS
apI`m-Khpw hy--ambn ]Xn-n-cn- hn[- n- e p ]mk- v t]mv
sskkn- e p If/mv & sshv
42
t^mtmbmbn-cn-W
- w.
4. shfp-tXm Cfw \nd-ntem D ]m-e-n Cfw \nd-n-ep hkv{Xw
[cnv FSp t^mtm-bm-bn-cn--Ww.
5. apJw t\scbpw ]q-ambpw t^mtm-bpsS
a[-y-`m-Kv ]Xn-n-cn--Ww.
6. Ip-I hy-a
- mbn ImW- hn[-nem-bn-cn-W
- w.
7. A]v t emUv sNp t^mtm- I 200
]nIvsk h x 150 ]nIvsk w DXpw JPG
t^mam-n-ep-Xpw 30 KB ^b sskkn
A[n-Ic
- n-m-X
- pambncnWw.
8. km-kv, sXmn Fnh [cnv FSpXpw apJ-ns Hcp hiw am{Xw ImW--hn-[-ap-Xpw apJw hy--a-m--Xpamb t^mtm-I kzo-Im-cy- a
-
- .
9. aXm-Nm-c-ns `mK-ambn sXmn/intcmhkv{Xw [cnv FSp t^mtm av \nti-f
- \p-kc
- n-m-sW-n kzo-Im-cy- a
- m-Wv.
s]mXp-hn-m\w
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Xm- d m- n- b Xv :
B.- k n. kptcjv I pam
sk Hm^o-k
tIcf ]nIv kokv Io-j
45.
43
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
44
bp.F.]-Xm-Ib
- n-se Nn-{Xw- H-en-hp in-Jc
-
- -n-Sb
- n temI `q-]-Sw
I-hn-bp-sS Im-]m-Sp-I B-cp-sS B-I
- Y
- b
- m-Wv- ]n.Ip-ncm-a \m-b
th-fm--n G-Xv kw-m-\-m-Wv- X-an-gv-\m-Sv
tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy ap-Jy-a-{n- C.Fw.F-kv.
aq-Imw-_n-I t-{Xw G-Xv kw-m-\-v- I-Wm-S-Iw
G-sX-mw `m-j-I tN--Xm-Wv a-Wn-{]-hm-fw- a-e-bm-f-hpw
kw-kv-Ir-X-hpw
_-m-h-Xv dn-tm-v F-p-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p- ]-{X-{]h--I-cp-sS th-X-\w
C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s, X-t-io-b-am-b \n--_v-Z kn-\n-a- cmPm l-cn--{
C-y C-n-yq-v Hm-^v B-kv-t{Sm-^n-kn-Iv-kv F-hn-sS-bmWv -_mw-q
s_m-m-Wn- k-th Hm-^v C-y-bp-sS B-m-\w- sIm-
B C-y C-n-yq-v Hm-^v kv-]o-v B v ln-b-dnw-Kv F-hnsS-bm-Wv- ssa-kq
hn-P-b-hm-U G-Xp \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-m-Wv- Ir-jv-W
P-_-]q G-Xp-\-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-v- \-a-Z
Kp-h-l-n G-Xv \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-m-Wv- {_--]p-{X
kq-d-v G-Xp \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-v- X-]v-Xn
G-Xv \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-m-Wv B-{K--b-ap-\
ss\-en-s Zm-\w F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw- Cu-Pn-]v-Xv
C-y-bn km-bp-[ tk-\-I-fp-sS kp-{]ow I-am-U- {]-knU v
A-Sp-f
- b
- n-\n-v A-c
- t- -v c-Nn-X
- m-cv- hn.Sn.`-X
- n-cn-mSv
h--e G-Xv Pn--bn -Xn-cp-h-\--]p-cw
tkm-\ am-kn-Mv F-p-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p- H-Uo-kn
kn-p-\-Zo-X-S kw-kv-Im-c-n-s A-h-in-jv-S- I-s-nb -ew- sam-l-sPm-Zm-tcm
km-enw A-en G-Xv \n-e-bn-em-Wv {]-kn-- ]-n-im-kv-{X
te-Iv ]m-e-kv F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- D-Z-bv-]q
]p-cm-W-{]-Im-cw, tI-c-f-s I-S-am-n kr-jv-Sn--Xv- ]-c-ip-cma
B-K-I F-hn-sS Im-W-s-Sp-p- P-ew
s\-{lp-hn-\p-ti-jw B-IvS- n-Mv {]-[m-\a
- {- n-]Z- w h-ln-X
- v -Kpk-cn-em \-
am-cp-Xn D-tZym-Kv G-Xv P-m-\o-kv I--\n-bp-am-bn-m-Wv k-l-Icn-p--Xv- kp-kp-In
t_-kv-t_m G-Xv cm-Py-m-Wv D-Zv-`-hn--Xv- A-ta-cn-
G-Xv cm-Py-s s]m-eo-kv B-m-\-am-Wv kv-tIm-Sv-e-Uv-bmUv F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- Cw--v
]-n-m- Xn-anw-Kn-ew- _m-eo Xn-anw-Kn-ew
]m-cm-sX-tam-Wn-s A-f-hv Ip-d-bp--Xv aq-e-ap-m-Ip- tcmKw- sS--\n
]p--Ir-jn-bp-sS Im-ew- ta-S-am-kw
]-Zm-Y-n-s G--hpw sN-dn-b I-W-am-Wv B-w- C-Xv I-sn-b im-kv-{X- B-cv- tPm Um-
]-Zv-a-\m-`-kzm-an-t-{Xw G-Xv cm-P Ip-Spw-_-hp-am-bn _--sn-cn-p-p- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq
{^m--kn-epw- P-a-\n-pw- C-S-bn-ep-- A-Xn-n-tc-J- am-Pnt\m-v- sse
C-y-bn an-I- ]m-e-sa-t-dn-b-\p- A-hm-Uv \-Ip-Xv G-Xv t\-Xm-hn-s t]-cn-em-Wv- Pn._n.]-v
F-hn-sS-bm-Wv i--c-tZ-h `-n-{]-m-\w {]-N-cn-n--Xv- Akw
A-tm-an-I kw-Jy F-p ]-d-m A-Xv B--n-s \yq-nb-kn-ep- t{]m-tm-Wp-I-fp-sS F-w
cm-jv{- S-Kp-cp F-v B-sc-bm-Wv hn-fn-p-X
- v- kp-tc-{-\m-Yv _m\-Pn
hn-P-b-\-K-c-km-{am-Py-n-s A-yw Ip-dn- bp-w- 1565se
X-fn-tm- (cm--k X--Sn) bp-w
CONFUSING FACTS
tI-c-f-n-s hn-kv-Xo-Ww 38863 N.In.ao. B-Wv. C-Xv
15005 N-Xp-c-{i-ssa-en-\p Xp-ey-am-Wv.
-\m-Km-Pp-\ km-K A-W-s-v Ir-jv-Wm-\-Zn-bn-emWv. Fm Ir-jv-W-cm-P-km-K A-W-s-v Im-th-cn-bn-em-Wv.
tI-c-f In-kn-Rv-P F--dn-b-s--Xv t_-_n tPm BWv. tI-c-f kp-`m-jv N-{-t_m-kv F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv ap-l-Zv A-_v-Zp d-m km-ln-v.
G--hpw h-S-t-b--s sX-t A-ta-cn- cm-Pyw sImfw-_n-b-bpw G--hpw h-S-t-b--s em-n A-ta-cn-
cm-Pyw sa-Iv-kn-tm-bp-am-Wv.
ku-c-]-mw-Kw B-Zy-am-bn hn-I-kn-n--Xv Cu-Pn-]v-jy
kw-kvI
- m-ca
- m-Wv. sa-skm-s]m-m-an-b
- m-cm-Wv Nm-{-]
- mwKw B-Zy-am-bn hn-I-kn-n--Xv.
114. tem-I-n-se G--hpw h-en-b
B-q-w- A-e-l-_m-Zv Ipw`-ta-f
115. i-co-c-hpw a-kv-Xn-I-jv-I-hpw Xn-ep- A-\p-]m-Xw ]-cn-KW
- np-tm G--hpw h-en-b akv-Xn-I-jv-I-ap- Po-hn- {jq
116. C-y-bn B-Zy-am-bn ap-gp-h
{Km-a--fn-epw sS-e-t^m e`y-am-n-b Pn-- Z-n-W Im\-d
117. C-y-bn B-Zy-am-bn Hm-kvI A-hm-Uv t\-Sn-bX
- v- `m-\p
A--
118. [m-\y-a-Wn-I a-n-Ip-g-v
tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy
\n-an-p- [m-\y-Kp-fn-I-I
A-Y-hm [m-\y--p-I hn-I- ap-Jy-a-{n- C.Fw.F-kv.
kn-n-s-Sp-p- co-Xn B-hnjv-I-cn--Xv- ^p-p-thm-
119. am-Pym-dp-I F-hn-Sp-s P-\-X-bm-Wv- lw-K-dn
120. \-q-Xn-cn-sb a-\p-jy-\m-p-I F- ap-{Zm-hm-Iy-ap-b-n-b kwL-S-\- tbm-K-t-a-k-`
121. am-S-v- Ip-p-p--s-d b-Ym-Y t]-cv- ]n- i--c-\-q-Xn-cn122. a--v ]-Zv-a-\m-`-s B--I-Y--F-s Po-hn-X kv-a-c-W-I
123. in-h-Kn-cn Xo-Ym-S-\-n-\v t]m-Ip--h-v a- h-kv-{Xw \nt-in-X
- v- {- io-\m-cm-bW
- K
- p-cp
124. `-K-hm Im-d am-Iv-kv {]-kw-Kw G-Xv t\-Xm-hp-am-bn _-s-n-cn-p-p- kn.tI-i-h
125. {io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp B-sc-bm-Wv 1925 ]n-Km-an-bm-bn \nt-in--Xv- t_m-[m-\-
126. B-cp-sS A-y-hn-{i-a -ea
- m-Wv Ip-am-ct- Im-Sn- Ip-am-c\
- m-im
127. ap-p-km-an-Zo-n-Xc
- p-sS ]n-Xm-hv cm-ak
- zm-an Zo-n-X cq-]w \In-b {]-i-kv-X-cm-Kw- lw-k-[z-\n
128. A-P-m Kp-l-I I-s-n-b h-jw- 1819
129. B-Zy-s C-y {]-kn-U v- Xn-c-s-Sp-v- \-S- h-jw- 1952
130. {_--k-` m-]n--s- h-jw- 1828
131. B-Zy-s h-\n-Xm Iw-]yq- t{]m-{Km-a- A-Um eu-te-kv
132. C-y-bn Im-Wp- am h-K--fn G--hpw h-ep-Xv- kmw_m
133. ap-e-m-ep-m-p- tlm-tam- s{]m-em-Iv-Sn
134. C-e-Iv-t{Sm-Wn-Iv thm-n-Mv sa-jn-\n D-sm-n-m I-gnbp- ]-c-am-h-[n k-Ym-\m-Yn-I-fp-sS F-w- 64
135. C-y X-]m m-p-I A--Sn-p--sX-hn-sS- \m-kn-Iv
136. Lm-\-bn-se (B-{^n-)kzm-X-{y--{]-m-\
-- n-\p- t\-Xr-Xzw
\-In-b-Xv- Izm-an F--{Iq-a
137. P-Rm-\-]oTw, F-gp-- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw, h--tm ]p-c-kvIm-cw F-n-h t\-Sn-b B-Zy hy-n- X-I-gn
138. C-e-Iv-t{Sm-Wn-Iv thm-n-Mv sa-jn-\n tc-J-s-Sp-m I-gn-bp ]-c-am-h-[n thm-p-I-fp-sS F-w- 3840
139. c-mw- A-tim-I- F-v- B-sc-bm-Wv- hn-ti-jn-n-p--Xv--I\n-jvI
- 140. c-tYm-k-hw \-S-p- P-K-m-Y-t-{Xw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- ]pcn
141. Cw-o-jv A-c
- a
- m-em-{I-a
- n B-Zyw-hc
- p- X-e
m-\w- A_p-Zm-_n
142. Cw--n-s ]q-tm-w F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- sI v
143. D-dq-_n-s b-Ym-Y t]-cv- ]n.kn.Ip-n-Ir-jv-W
144. F-{X Zn-h-k-n-\p-n-em-Wv cm-Py-k-` H-cp _n tem-Iv-k-`bn-te-v ]p-\--cn-K-W-\-bv-v A-b-bv-t--Xv- 14
145. U-n F- ]-Zw G-Xv Im-bn-I hn-t\m-Z-hp-am-bn _--s-n-cnp-p- {_n-Uv-Pv
146. sIm-n- `-c-Ww- U-p-Im- I--S-n-b-Xv- G-Xv h-j-n-
F.Un.1663
147. C-y-bn B-Zy-am-bn sS-en-hn-j tI-{w B-cw-`n- h-jw-
1959
148. B-Zy-s h--tm A-hm-Un-\-l-\m-b-Xv- ]m-em \m-cmb-W \m-b
149. G--hpw h-en-b B--tdm-bn-Uv- ko-dn-kv
150. en-m-Pv G-Xn-s A-bn-cm-Wv- I-dp-o-bw
151. E-tKz-Zw Cw-Kvf
- o-jn-te-p ]-cn-`m-js
- -Sp-n-bX
- v- am-Ivk
- va
- p-
152. Km-n-Pn-bp-sS Lm-X-I- \m-Yp-dmw hn-\m-b-Iv tKm-Uv-sk
153. en-n em-k F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- [-a-im-e
154. a-lm-bm-\ _p-a
- X
-
- m _p-s
- \ I-W
- m-n-bn-cp-X
- v- ssZh-am-bn-v
155. H--sk h-K-m A-[n-h-kn-p- -ew- B--am
156. H-mw tem-I-a-lm-bp-w Xp-S-p-tm {_n-o-jv {]-[m-\-a-{nbm-bn-cp--Xv- sl-_-v sl-dn B-kv-Izn-v (190816)
157. H-cp ssa F-{X In-tem-ao-- 1.609
158. G--hpw h-en-b C-e(e-Lp-]-{Xw)bp--Xv- hn-Iv-tSm-dn-b do-Pnb
159. Xn-c-s-Sp-n-eq-sS ho-pw A-[n-Im-c-n h- B-Zy-s
tIm-{K-kn-X-c {]-[m-\ a-{n- F._n.hm-Pv-t]-bn
160. H-tc-k-a-bw B-kn-Un-s-bpw m-c-n-s-bpw kz-`m-h-
{]-I-Sn-n-p- ]-Zm-Y--p- t]-cv- Bw-t^m-sS-dn-Iv
161. h-tUm-Z-c-bp-sS ]-g-b-t]-cv- _-tdm-U
162. `q-an-bp-sS tIm-Uv tm-td-Pv F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp- h-Ic
- - A
- mn-
163. m-v j-v-kv(I-cn-p-m-b-m)- F- kw-L-S-\ m-]n-Xm-cv- s_-\n-tm ap-tm-fn-\n
164. _m-Iv-So-cn-b-sb I-p-]n-Sn--Xv- eyq-h-tlm-v
165. ]-v, I-fn-a ]m-{X- F-n-h B-Zy-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kn- cmPyw- ssN-\
166. `q-an-bn-se ]m-fn-I-fn a-[y-t-Xv- amn
167. `-c-W-n-\n-pw hn-p-\n-t-n-h- G-I ap-K N-{I-hn- lp-a-bq
168. _m-en-n-Iv an-ssk I-p-]n-Sn--Xv- sh-W thm
{_u
169. tPm t]m c-m-a am-]m- P-\n- cm-Pyw- t]m-f-v
170. tem-Iv-k-`-bv-p Xp-ey-am-b Cw-o-jv t]-cv- lu-kv Hm-^v ]on
171. tKm-h-bn-se Hu-tZym-Kn-I-`m-j- sIm--Wn
172. kw-L-Im-e P-\-X-bp-sS {]-[m-\ B-cm-[-\m aq-n- ap-cp-I
173. U-ln knw-lm-k-\-n A-h-tcm-[n-X-bm-b B-Zy h-\n-X-
d-kn-bm _o-Kw
174. _m-Kv-Zm-Zv G-Xp \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-v- ssS-{Kn-kv
175. ]m-p-I-Sn-tb-p-a-cn- {]-i-kv-X-\m-b B-Zy-Im-e I-ayq-Wn-v t\Xm-hv- ]n.Ir-jv-W-]n-
176. `q-an-bn-\n-v \--{X--fp-sS Zq-cw A-f-p- bq-Wn-v- {]Im-ih
- -jw
177. a-\p-jy Ir-{Xn-a-am-bn \n-an- B-Zy-s aq-e-Iw- sS-Iv-\ojyw
45
46
CONFUSING FACTS
I-cb
- n-se G-h
- pw i-\
- m-b ar-Kw B-\b
- m-W.v F-m, th-bm-Sp- ar-K
- f
- n G-h
- pw i-n-bp-X
- v I-Sp-hb
- m-Wv.
H-Uo-kn \r--n-s hn-I-k-\-n-\p-th-n ]-cn-{i-an-Xv tI-fp-N-c a-lm-]m-{X. b--Km-\-n-s ]p-tcm-K-Xnm-bn ]-cn-{i-an--Xv in-h-cm-a Im-c-v.
I-dp- ]-tKm-U F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv H-do-k-bn-se sImWm-n-se kq-cy-t-{X-hpw sh-fp- ]-tKm-U F--dnb-s-Sp--Xv ]p-cn-bn-se P-K-m-Y t-{X-hp-am-Wv.
tI-c-f-n D-p k-Xym-{K-l-m-e-s ]-S-b-Wn-Km-\-amb h-cn-I h-cn-I k-l-P-tc c-Nn--Xv Aw-in \m-cm-b-W-]n-bm-Wv. A-Jn-em-Wv-U-a-Wv-U-ew A-Wn-bn-sm-cp-n F Km-\w ]--fw sI.]n.cm-a ]n- \m-b k-ho-kv
skm-ssk-n-bp-sS D-]- ]n-cn-hp-am-bn _--s-v c-Nn-Xm-W.v
244. tem-I-kp--cn---n-\p-th-Zn-bm-b B-Zy C-y \-K-cw (1996)_mw-q
245. C-y-bn kv-]o-Uv t]m-v B-cw-`n- h-jw- 1986
246. s\m-t_ k-m-\w t\-Sn-b B-Zy B-{^n- km-ln-Xy-Imc- thm tkm-bn- (1986, ss\-Po-cn-b)
247. sS-e-t^m I-p-]n-Sn--Xv- A-e-Iv-km-- {K-lmw-s_
248. _p- P-\n- h-jw- _n.kn.563
249. a-e-_m I-em-]w \-S- h-jw- 1921
250. ssU-\m-an-v I-p-]n-Sn--Xv- B-{^-Uv t\m-_
251. hm-kv-tIm U Km-a B-Zyw C-y-bn h- h-jw- 1498
252. C-e-Iv-{Sn-Iv _-_v I-p-]n-Sn- im-kv-{X-- F-Un-k
253. Hm-tm-sam-ss_-ep-I-fp-sS ]n-Xm-hv Im s_-kv
254. \m-j-W sI-an- e-t_m-d--dn F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- ]q-s\
255. tUm.]-]p P-\n- -ew- t]- (Xn-cp-h-\--]p-cw)
256. in-h-Kn-cn Xo-Ym-S-\w B-cw-`n-p- am-kw- Un-kw-_
257. {]-Im-i-n-s th-Kw F-{X e-w ssa B-Wv 1.86
258. D-Z-b-kq-cy-s \m-Sv- P-m
259. B-bn-cw X-Sm-I--fp-sS \m-Sv ^n-e-Uv
260. G-Xp \m-p-cm-Py-s k-m k-ho-kn-em-Wv tUm.]-]p
tk-h-\-a-\p-jvTn--Xv- ssa-kq
261. Fw.sI. ta-t\m-s Xq-en-Im \m-aw- hn-em-kn-\n
262. {]-kn--am-b ao-\m-n t-{Xw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- a-[p-c
263. Km-n kn-\n-a kw-hn-[m-\w sN-bv-X-Xv- dn-m-Uv A--_-tdm
264. kp-{]ow tIm-S-Xn P-Uv-Pn-bm-b B-Zy a-e-bm-fn h-\n-X -P-nkv Fw.F-kv.^m-n-am-_o-hn
265. knw-_m-_v-sh-bp-sS ]-g-b t]-cv- k-tX sdm-tU-jy
266. bp.F.P-\-d A-kw-n {]-kn-Um-b B-Zy h-\n-X- hn-Pb-e-v-an ]-Wv-Un-v
267. tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy K-h-W- cm-aIr-jW
v- d
- m-hp
268. P-hm-l-em s\-{lp A--cn-Xv- 1964 sa-bv 27
269. th-gv-k-bn-kv D-S--Sn Hp-sh- h-jw- 1919
270. a-\p-jy-i-co-c-n-se G-hpw h-en-b {K-n--I-c
271. hn-hm-Za
- m-b hn-p-h
- n-bm-{X
\-S-n-b \-thm-m-\ \m-bI- A--m-fn
272. D-Zym-\-hn-cp-v c-Nn--Xv- ]-WvUn-v I-dp-
H-fn-n-Iv-kv ss^-\-en-se-n-b
B-Zy a-e-bm-fn h-\n-X- ]n.Sn.D-j
(1984, tem-kv B--e-kv)
B-n-n 352 {]-Im-cw tZ-io-b A-Sn-b--cm-h- {]Jym-]n-m F-{X am-k-n-\-Iw ]m-e-sa v B \-S-]Sn Aw-Ko-I-cn-n-cn--Ww
tem-I-n-se B-Zy-s X-]m m-m-b s]-n mn-s hn-e F-{X s]-n-bm-bn-cp-p
A-ao-_-bv-v F-{X tIm-i--fp-v
H-cp _n cm-jv-{S-]-Xn-v \n-b-a-\n-am-W-k-`-bn-te-v F{X {]m-h-iyw Xn-cn--b-bv-mw
F-{Xm-a-s ]--h--c ]--Xn-bm-Wv Ir-jn-bv-v Du \-In-b-Xv
{Kn-tKm-dn-b I-e--dn-se G-Xv \q-m-n-em-Wv i-I-hjw B-cw-`n--Xv
kw-m-\--fp-sS H-cp bq-Wn-b-\m-Wv C-y- F-v \nh-Nn-p- `-c-W-L-S-\m A-\p-t-Zw F-{Xm-a-s-Xm-Wv
C-y-bn F-{X X-cw ]u-c-Xz-am-Wp--Xv
H-n-\v F-{X Im-ep-I-fp-v
H--I--n-bp-sS ap--bn F-{X tIm-i--fp-v
Km-n-Pn F-{X h-t- a-i k-t-f\
-
- f
- n-em-Wv ]-s-Sp-X
- v
a-\p-jy-s B-am-i-b-n-se A-d-I-fp-sS F-w
`-cW
- L
- S- \
- b
- p-sS F-{Xm-as
- `m-K
- n-em-Wv (]m-v) bqWn-b-s\-p-dn-pw `q-{]-tZ-i-s-p-dn-pw {]-Xn-]m-Zn-p-Xv
322. C-y-bn tX-bn-e-bpw Im-n-bpw Ir-jn-sN-p- {]-tZ-iw
- Z-n-tW-y
323. ]m-N-Iw sN-p-tm [-cn-m G--hpw A-\p-tbm-Py-am-b hkv-{Xw- ]-cp-n
324. \m-j-W U-b-dn dn-k-v C-n-yq-v F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- IWm
325. C-y A-{Kn-I--d dn-k-v C-n-yq-v F-hn-sS-bm-Wv
\yq-U-ln
326. t^m-d-v dn-k-v C-n-yq-n-s B-m-\w--sU-dm-Uq
327. sk-{S s]m--tm dn-k-v C-n-yq-v F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--jnwe
328. sk-{S ssd-kv dn-k-v C-n-yq-v F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- I--v
329. C-y-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b s]m-Xp-ta-J-em-m-]-\w- C-y
sd-bn-th
330. H-cp en- P-e-n-s `m-cw- 1000 {Kmw
331. Am-n--tbm-Sv G--hpw A-Sp-p- `q-J-Wv-Uw- sX-t Ata-cn-
332. d-jy hn--h-n-s {]-[m-\ t\-Xm-hv- se-\n
333. ln-cm-p-Uv A-W-s-v G-Xv \-Zn-bn-em-Wv- a-lm-\-Zn
334. Pq-lp _o-v F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- apw-ss_
335. Xw-kv A-]v F-p-X-cw D-]--am-Wv- _n-h-td-Pv
336. Hm-n-kv F-p-X-cw D-]--am-Wv- en-^v-v
337. Im-Uv-_-dn-kv F-p-X-cw D-]--am-Wv- anTm-bn
338. hn-th-Im-\- ]m-d G-Xv kw-m-\-m-Wv- X-an-gv-\m-Sv
339. _-nw-Kv-lmw sIm-m-cw B-cp-sS h-k-Xn-bm-Wv- {_n-o-jv samWm-v (cm-Pmhv/cmn)
340. ssh-v lu-kv B-cp-sS Hu-tZym-Kn-I h-k-Xn-bm-Wv- bp.F-kv.{]kn-U v
341. C-y-bn B-n-se G--hpw \o-fw Ip-d- Zn-h-kw- Unkw-_ 22
342. Km-n-Pn-bp-sS P-\-\w F-m-Wv- 1869 H-Iv-tSm-_ 2
343. C-y-bp-sS tZ-io-b Nn-w- A-tim-I-kv-Xw-`w
344. kq-cy-t\m-Sv G--hpw A-Sp-p n-Xn sN-p- {K-lw- _p[
345. `q-I
- X
- c
- w-K
- f
- p-sS Xo-{h-X A-f
- p- D-]I
- c
- W
- w- ko-kvt- am{Km-^v
346. U-v Cu-v C-Uo-kv F--dn-b-s-n-cp--Xv- C-tm-\o-jy
47
48
CONFUSING FACTS
{]m-No-\ tI-c-f-n-se Pq-X hym-]m-cn-I-fp-sS kw-L-am-bncp-p A-p-h-w. {]m-No-\ tI-c-f-n-se kn-dn-b {Inkv-Xym-\n-I-fp-sS kw-L-am-bn-cp-p a-Wn-{Km-aw.
tI-c-f I-em-a-Wv-U-ew m-]n-X-am-b h-jw 1930. tI-c-f
I-em-aW
- U
v- e
- s
- tI-cf
- k-m G-s-Sp- h-jw 1957.
B-n- I-em-]w \-S--Xv 1721. a-e-_m I-em-]n-s `m-K-am-b hm-K {Sm-P-Un \-S--Xv 1921
tem-I-v G--hpw Iq-Sp-X t]-cn Im-W-s-Sp- c-{Kq-v H t]m-kn-o-hpw G--hpw Ip-d-p-t]-cn Im-W-s-Sp-Xv F._n. s\-K-o-hp-am-Wv.
kq-cy I-gn-m `q-an-tbm-Sv G--hpw A-Sp-p- \-{Xw t{]m-Ik
v- n-am sk-tm-dn-bm-Wv. A-Xp I-gn-m B^m sk-tm-dn.
394. bq-tdm-n-s I-fn--ew F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw- kzn-v-ke-Uv
395. B-hn b-{w I-p-]n-Sn--Xv- sP-bnw-kv hm-v
396. s]-\n-sk-en I-p-]n-Sn--Xv- A-e-Iv-km- ^v-f-anw-Kv
397. hm-l-\--fp-sS th-Kw A-f-p- D-]-I-c-Ww- kv-]o-tUm-ao-
398. tI-c-f C-_v-k F--dn-b-s--Xv- F Ir-jv-W-]n-
399. _v-fq au--kv F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- \o-e-Kn-cn
400. cw-K-kzm-an I-v F-p-am-bn _--s--Xm-Wv- tlm-n
401. _p--\v Zn-hy-m-\w e-`n- -ew- t_m-[v-K-b
402. tI-c-f \n-b-a-k-`-bn-se B-sI Aw-K-- 141
403. {]-Im-iw H-cp h-jw-sIm-v k--cn-p- Zq-c-am-Wv {]-Im-ih-jw
404. G--hpw- ]p-cm-X-\-am-b th-Zw- E-tKz-Zw405. C-y B-Zy Ir-{Xn-tam-]-{K-l-am-b B-cy-`- hn-t-]n- Xo-bXn- 1975G-{]n 19
406. _-ln-cm-Im-i-p-t]m-b B-Zy C-y-m-c- cm-tI-jv i-a
407. kn-Jp a-Xw m-]n--Xv- Kp-cp \m-\m-v
408. a-lm-Xv-am-Km-\v-[n h-[n--s--Xv- 1948 P-\p-h-cn- 30
409. tUm. sI.F.cm-Pv G-Xv \n-e-bn-em-Wv {]-kn-- C--tWman-kv-v
410. sIm--h-jw- Xp-S-n-b-Xv- F.Un-. 825
411. N-cn-bp- tKm-]p-cw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--]n-k
412. {Km-Uv Im-\y G-Xv cm-Py-m-Wv- bp-F-kv-F
413. tkm-Um-sh--n D-]-tbm-Kn-p- hm-X-Iw- Im-_ Utbm-Iv-ssk-Uv
414. {io-i--cm-Nm-cy P-\n- -ew- Im-e-Sn
415. cm-{Xn-bp-sS-bpw ]-I-en-s-bpw \o-fw Xp-ey-am-Ip--Xv kq-cy
......... tc-J-bv-v ap-I-fn h-cp-tm-fm-Wv- `q-a-[y-tc-J
416. G--hpw h-en-b Zzo-]v- {Ko-e-Uv
417. ]-d-p- k-kv-X-\w- -h-m418. _-ln-cm-Im-i k-m-cn-bm-b B-Zy h-\n-X- hm-eo-\ sX-c-jvtIm-h
419. _m-tcm-ao- I-p]n-Sn--Xv- tSm-dn-skn
420. te h-te-k G-Xv cmPy-m-c-\m-Wv- t]mf-v
421. bq-dn K-Km-dn G-Xv
cm- P y- m- c - \ m- W v -
ap tkm-hn-b-v bqWn-b
422. _--^v-ssf kv-t{SmC-y B-Zy Ir-{Xn-tam-]-{K-l-am-b
v G-Xv Im-bn-I-C-\B-cy-`- hn-t-]n-
hp-am-bn _--s-nXob-Xn- 1975G-{]n 19
cn-p-p- \o-
49
50
CONFUSING FACTS
B-c
- y-aR
- vP
- c
- n c-Nn-X
- v Ip-et- i-Jc
- B
- g
- vh
- m B-Wv. B-cy-Nq-Vm-a-Wn c-Nn--Xv i-n-`-{Z. hn-th-I-Nq-Vm-a-Wnbp-sS I-m-hv i--cm-Nm-cy.
C-\m-j-W ^n-enw s^-n-h Hm-^v C-y-bn anI- Nn-{X-n-\p \-Ip- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-am-Wv kp-h-W-abq-cw . tI-c-f-n-se C-\m-j-W ^n-enw s^-n-hen an-I- Nn-{X-n-\p \-Ip- ]p-c-kv-Im-c-am-Wv kph-W N-tIm-cw.
Z-n-tW-y-bp-sS A-cn-n-w F-v Ir-jv-Wm--tKm-Zm-hcn U--bpw Z-n-tW-y-bp-sS [m-\y-p-c F-v X-mhq-cpw A-dn-b-s-Sp-p.
tI-c-f-n \n-v ]m-e-saw-K-am-b B-Zy h-\n-X B\n a-kv-{Io. tI-c-f-n-\n-v cm-Py-k-`mw-K-am-b BZy h-\n-X `m-c-Xn D-Z-b-`m-\p.
523. C-y-bn-se \q-dp-cq-]m t\m-n Im-Wp- H-v B-cp-tS-Xm-Wv-
dn-k-hv _m-v K-h-W
524. Cw-Kv-fo-jv Nm-\ \o-n--S- B-Zy-s C-y-m-c- anln-sk
525. ssS t{_- G-Xv I-fn-bp-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p- ^p-Svt_m
526. C-y-bn ap-K `-c-W-n-\v A-Sn--d ]m-In-b bp-w H-mw ]m-\n--v bp-w(1526)
527. C-{K tIm-v ^m-Iv-S-dn F-hn--s-Sb
-- m-Wv- s]-c-q- (sN-ss)
528. C-y-bn kp-{]ow tIm-S-Xn-bp-sS B-m-\w- \yq-U-ln
529. A-P-m- Kp-l-I- kv-Yn-Xn-sN-p- kw-kv-Ym-\w- a-lm-cm-jv-{S
530. D-Sp--tNm-e G-Xv Pn--bn-em-Wv- C-Sp-n
531. hn-iz-`m-c-Xn k-h-I-em-im-e m-]-I- Sm-tKm
532. _p- P-\n- -ew- epw-_n-\n
533. P-bv P-hm P-bv In-km F- ap-{Zm-hm-Iy-n-s D-]-mXm-hv- em _-lm-Zq im-kv-{Xn
534. C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s sa-Un- tIm-tf-Pn-s m-]-I-
hn-eyw s_n-Iv
535. B-cp-sS Im-e-m-Wv lyp-bm km-Mv C-y-bn h--Xv- lj
536. cm-jv-{S-]-Xn-bp-sS kz-W-sa-U- t\-Sn-b B-Zy- a-e-bm-f-Nn-{Xw sN-o537. kq-cy-\n-\n-v G--hpw A-I-se-bp- {K-lw- s\-]v-yq
538. tem-Iv-am-\y F--dn-b-s--Xv- _m-e-Kw-Km-[-c Xn-e-Iv
539. C-y-bn-se B-Zy {In-kv-Xy ]--n m-]n- -ew- sImSp--q
540. _-ln-cm-Im-i-K-th-j-W tI-{w tI-c-f-n-se G-Xv Pn--bn-emWv- Xn-cp-h-\--]p-cw
541. t-{X-{]-th-i-\-hn-fw-_-c-n H-p-sh- cm-Pm-hv- {io-Nn-nc-Xn-cp-\m
542. ]-Xn-t\-gmw-hb
-
- n-\p-ti-jw hn-Zym-`ym-kw-t\-Sm-\m-cw-`n- \-thmm-\ \m-b-I--hn.Sn.`--Xn-cn-m-Sv
543. G-Xv h-ja
- m-bn-cp-p hn.Sn.`-X
- n-cn-m-Sn-s bm-N\
- m-bm-{X- 1931
544. km-[p-P-\-]-cn-]m-e-\ kw-L-n-s ap-J-]-{X-am-bn 1913 Bcw-`n--Xv- km-[p-P-\-]-cn-]m-en-\n
545. a-e-_m I-em-]w ]-m--e-am-n Ip-am-c-\m-im c-Nn- IrXn- Zp-c-h-
546. G-Xp {K-n-bp-sS {]-h--\ ssh-I-eyw aq-e-am-Wv {]-ta-lw
D-m-Ip--Xv- B-t-b-{K-n
547. hm-Xw _m-[n-p- i-co-c-`m-Kw- k-n-I
548. B-Zy-s a-e-bm-f ]-{Xw- cm-Py-k-am-Nm-cw
549. m-Nyp Hm-^v en-_-n- G-Xp cm-Py-m-Wv kv-Ym-]n-n-cn-p-Xv- bp.F-kv.F.
550. C-y-bn Cu-n-ym---\n-bp-sS `-c-Ww A-h-km-\n- hjw- 1858
51
52
CONFUSING FACTS
`q-an-bn-\n-v t\m-n-bm G--hpw h-ep--n ImWm I-gn-bp- \-{- Xw kq-cy-\m-Wv. kq-cy I-gn-m
`q-an-bn-\n-v t\m-n-bm G--hpw h-ep--n ImWm I-gn-bp- \--{Xw kn-dn-b-km-Wv.
ku-c-bq-Y-n-se G--hpw h-en-b D-]-{K-l-am-Wv Km-\n-aoUv. G--hpw km-{-X-Iq-Sn-b D-]-{K-l-am-Wv A-tbm.
ssZ-h-tm-Sp- t]-Sn Xn-tbm-t^m-_n-b F-pw sN-Ipm-t\m-Sp--Xv sU-a-t\m-t^m-_n-b F-pw A-dn-b-sSp-p.
th-Wm-Sp cm-Pm--am-cp-sS _n-cp-Z-am-Wv Ip-e-ti-J-c-s-cpam. sIm-n cm-Pm--am tIm-bn-e-[n-Im-cn-I F-
_n-cp-Z-am-Wv kzo-I-cn--Xv.
670. l-cn-X-hn--h-n-\p Xp-S-w Ip-dn cm-Pyw- sa-Iv-kn-tm
671. N-e-\w sIm-v H-cp h-kv-Xp-hn-\p
e-`n-p- Du-Pw- K-Xn-tIm-Pw
672. P-hm-l-em s\-{lp \n-b-a-]-co P-bn-v _m-cn--dm-bn C-ybn Xn-cn-s-n-b h-jw- 1912
673. sN-tKz-c P-\n- cm-Pyw- A-Po\
674. ssk-_-\n-b-a- \-S-m-n-b
B-Zy G-jy cm-Pyw- knw-K-q
675. {]m-No-\-Im-e-v _m-Iv-{Sn-b F-dn-b-s-n-cp- {]-tZ-iw C-tm
kv - s {S- b v - v {^w Z lm- v
G-Xp cm-Py-m-Wv- A-^v-Km-\n-kvB- c p- s S B- - I - Y - b mXm
Wv - I- ] n- t Z- h v
676. _w-m-tZ-in-s kzm-X{- y-n-\mbn t]m-cm-Sn-b P-\-Io-b-tk-\- apn-_m-ln-\n
677. {]-_p--tI-c-fw F- {]-kn-o-I-c-Ww B-cw-`n--Xv- B-K-am-\
678. B-cp-sS h-k-Xn-bm-bn-cp-p km-ln-Xy-Ip-So-cw- ]-Wv-Un-v I-dp
679. G-Xv sXm-gn-en-em-Wv a--v ]-Zv-a-\m-` Hu-tZym-Kn-I Po-hn-Xw
B-cw-`n--Xv- A-[ym-]-\w
680. F-{X Zn-h-kw-sIm-m-Wv hn.Sn.`--Xn-cn-m-Sv bm-N-\-bm-{X ]qn-bm-n-b-Xv-7
681. Nm-kv F-tUz-Uv Po-s\-v G-Xp t]-cn-em-Wv {]-kn--\m-b-Xv eo I-_yq--kn-b
682. Nn-{X-tIm-v sh--m-w G-Xv kw-m-\-m-Wv- O-n-kv-KVv
683. Nn- t]m-Iv-kn-\p Im-c-W-am-Ip- tcm-Km-Wp- ssh-d-kv
684. C-y-bn Im-W-s-Sp- B-p-c-am --- C-\-ns--h-bm-Wv- Kn-
685. 1956 H-Iv-tSm-_- 14\v- B-bn-c--W-n-\v- A-\p-bm-bn-I-smw- \m-K]
v- q-cn-h
- v- _p-a
- X
- w- kzo-Ic
- n- t\-Xm-hv- _
- n.B.Awt_-Zv-I
686. H-mw tI-c-f \n-b-a-k-`-bn-se Xn-c-s-Sp--s- Aw-K- 126
687. Nn-e
- X
- n-Im-c
- n-se {]-[m-\I
- Y
- m-]m-{X--t- Im-he
- \
- pw I-In-bpw
688. Np-h- c-m-Wp- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv cq-]w sIm-p--Xv- An-a--bn
689. I-S-sh--cn--bn k-ar--am-bn A-S-n-bn-p- tem-lw h-t\-Un-bw
690. Nm-kv Um-hn-s ]-cy-th-jW
-
- -p-]t- bm-Kn- B-a- lmcn-b-v
691. C-y-bn l-cn-Xh
- n-h
-
- n-eq-sS G-h
- pw Iq-Sp-X t\-a
- p-mb Im-jn-I hn-f- tKm-X-v
kq-cy-\n-\n-p- A-Ie
- w A-\p-kc
- n-v `q-an-bp-sS m-\w
F-{Xm-aX
- m-Wv
C-y `-c-W-L-S-\ F-{X co-Xn-bn t`-Z-K-Xn sN-mw
C-y-bp-am-bn _--s-v F-{X h--ta-i k-t-f-\- e-\n \-S-n-p-v
H-cp hn-j-b-n-se s\m-t_ k-m-\w ]-c-am-h-[n F-{X
t]-v ]-n-Smw
a-\p-jy-\v H-cp sN-hn-bn F-{X A-n-I-fm-Wp--Xv
C-y `-c-W-L-S-\-bn au-en-Im-h-Im-i--sf-p-dn-v {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-X
- v F-{Xm-as
- `m-K
- n-em-Wv
Hm-tkm X-m-{X-bn F-{X Hm-Iv-kn-P B---fm-Wp-Xv
m-\-{I-a-n kq-cy-\n-\n-v F-{Xm-a-s {K-l-am-Wv
`q-an
H-cp bm-Uv F-{X A-Sn-bm-Wv
F-{X N-e-\ \n-b-a--fm-Wv \yq- B-hn-jv-I-cn-n-p--Xv
tem-Ivk
- `
- b
- v
- v H-cp h-jw F-{X sk-j\
- p-If
- p-v
`-cW
- L
- S- \
- b
- p-sS F-{Xm-as
- ]-n-Ib
- m-Wv {]-Xn-I
- s
- fp-dn-v {]-Xn-]m-Zn-p-X
- v
\n-b-a-k-`mw-Kw A-h-X-cn-n-p- _n F-{X hm-b-\-bn-eqsS I-S
- p t]m-Ip-p
tI-cf
-
- n In-gt- m-sm-gp-Ip- \-Zn-I F-{X-sb-a
- m-Wv
C-y `-c-W-L-S-\ {]-Im-cw H-cp ]u-c-\v F-{X co-Xn-bn
]u-cX
- zw \-jvS- s
- -Smw
733. A-Xve
- mn-Iv Nm-d
- n H-p-sh- A-ta-cn- {]-kn-U v- {- ^mv-fn Un dq-kv-sh-v
734. _n-Fw-U-_v-fyp Im \n-an-p--Xv G-Xv cm-Py-v- P-a-\n
735. A-am-hm-kn, ]u-W-an Zn-h-k--fn D-m-Ip- th-en-tb-w
A-dn-b-s-Sp- t]-cv- kv-{]n-Mv ssS-Uv
736. _o-a F- ]-Zw G-Xv I-fn-bp-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p- {In-v
737. a-Yp-c G-Xv \-Zo-Xo-c-m-Wv--b-ap-\
738. Cw-o-jv A--c-am-e-bn-se F-kv- B-Ir-Xn-bn Im-W-s-Sp-
k-ap-{Zw--A-Xv-emn-Iv k-ap-{Zw
739. B-Zy-am-bn hn-t-]n- a-\p-jy-\n-an-X D-]-{K-lw- kv-]p-Sv-\n-Iv
740. A-[:- kvY
- n-Xc
- p-sS D-a
- \
-
- n-\m-bn- _-ln-jvI
- r-X ln-XI
- m-cn-Wnk-`- kv-Ym-]n--Xv -_n.B.Aw-t_-Zv-I
741. 2018se tem-I-I-v ^p-Sv-t_m-fn-s B-Xn-tY-b--d-jy
742. C-y c-m-a-s A-Wp-hn-kv-t^m-S-\w (Hm--td-j i-n)
\-S-n-b-sX-tm- 1998 sa-bv 11, 13
743. {^m--kn-se- G--hpw- \o-fw- Iq-Sn-b- \-Zn- tem-bn
744. D-an-bmw X-Sm-Iw G-Xp kw-m-\-m-Wv- ta-Lm-e-b
745. cm-Py-m-Zy-am-bn B-`y--c A-Sn-b--cm-h- {]-Jym-]n--XvG-Xv- {]-[m-\-a-{n-bp-sS Im-e-v- C-n-cm Km-n
746. D-c-K--fn-m- h-I-c--Am-n-
747. I-]S- t- em-I
- n-em-m-Ya
- m-sbm-cp lr-Zb
- a
- p-m-bX
- m-sW ]cm-P-bw F-p ]m-Sn-b-Xv- N--p-g
748. F-hn-S-s kn-\n-am hy-h-km-b-am-Wv tem-fn-hp-Uv F--dn-b-sSp--Xv -em-tlm
749. hw-i-\m-i-`o-j-Wn- t\-cn-Sp- Po-hn-I-fp-sS t]-cp-hn-h-c-- AS-n-b _p-v- -sd-Uv- Um- _p-v750. hn-t\m-Z
- n-\m-bn a-p-Po-hn-Is
- f sIm-p- G-I Po-hn-a
- \
- p-jy
751. a-\p-jy-i-co-c-n-se G--hpw h-en-b B--dn- A-tbm-
752. A-m-a-s th-Zw F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- a-lm-`m-c-Xw
753. _m-v Hm-^v kzo-U ss{]-kv F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv G-Xv hn-jb-n-se s\m-t_ k-m-\-am-Wv- C--tWm-an-Iv-kv
754. e--Zzo-]v {Kq-n-s- Zzo-]p-I-sf an-\n-tm-bv Zzo-]p-I-fn\n-v th-Xn-cn-p- Nm-\- 9 Un-{Kn Nm-\
53
54
CONFUSING FACTS
C-y-bn X--c-ln-X {]-tZ-i-s G--hpw D-b- `mKw kn-n-an-se Im--Pw-K-bpw G--hpw Xm-gv- `m-Kw
tI-c-f-n-se Ip--\m-Sp-am-Wv.
N-en-p- Im-hyw `-c-X \m-Syw, N-en-p- in-]w H-Uokn.
tem-I-{]-kn--hn--h-Im-cn-bm-b sN-tKz-c(1928-67) P-\n-Xv A-Po-\-bn-em-Wv. 1954 s_m-fo-hn-b-bn-se-n-b
A-t-lw A-hn-sS-\n-v sa-Iv-kn-tm-bn-epw F-n. Iyq_ hn-h
-
- n Im-ktv- {Sm-bs
v- m-w tXm tN-p-s]mcp-Xn-b sN-tKz-c ]n-o-Sv Iyq-_ hn-Sp-I-bpw s_m-fn-hn-b
a-e-\n-c-I-fn hn--h-{]-h--\- \-S-p-I-bpw sN-bvXp. C-hn-sS-h-v F-Xn-cm-fn-I-fp-sS ]n-Sn-bn-em-b A-t-lw
h-[n--s-p.
55
875. G-Xv ap-K N-{I-h-n-bp-sS Im-e-m-Wv Cw-Kv-fo-jv Cu-nym---\n-v C-y-bn ^m-Iv-S-dn \n-an-m A-\p-a-Xn
e-`n--Xv- P-lmw-Ko
876. X-z-Nn--I-s I-n-fn F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- kn-v Hm-Iv-sskUv
877. G-Xv ar-K-n-s {]n-b-s- `--W-am-Wv A-t-jy C-e-I-Pn-dm-^v
878. G-Xv ap-K N-{I-h-n-sb-p-dn-m-Wv Po-hn-X-Im-ew ap-gp-h
D-cp-p a-dn-p \-S-p-I-bpw Po-hn-X-n-\n-v D-cp-p a-dnp t]m-Ip-Ib
- pw sN-bvX
- p F-v N-cn-{X-Im-c\
- m-b se-bv]
- q
hn-ti-jn-n--Xv- lp-a-bq
879. th-gv-km-bv D-S--Sn- {]-Im-cw A-h-km-\n- bp--ta-Xv- H-mw
tem-I-bp-w
880. thm-K \-Zn G-Xp I-S-en ]-Xn-p-p- Im-kv-]n-b I-S
881. G-Xv A-ta-cn- {]-kn-Un-s\-bm-Wv eo lm-hn Hm-kv-hmUv sIm-e-s-Sp-n-b-Xv--tPm F-^v. sI--Un
882. B-Xp-ci
- p-{iq-jm-cw-K
- v hn-h
- I
- c
- a
- m-b am-
- h-cp-n-b hyn- ^v-tfm-d-kv ss\-n-tM
883. B-Zn-Im-hyw F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- cm-am-b-Ww
884. am-Pn-Iv tPm-k-Wp-am-bn _--s- kv-t]m-Sv-kv- _m-kv-I-v_m
885. A-\n-n-X-Xz kn-m--n-s B-hn-jv-I-m--hv- ssl-k_-Kv
886. G-Xv A-Sn-a-kp-m-s Im-e-m-Wv sN-n-jv-Jm-s B-{I-aW-`o-j-Wn t\-cn--Xv- C-p-an-jv
887. `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS A-\p-t-Zw 352 {]-Im-cw {]-kn-U v B-Zy-ambn A-Sn-b--cm-h- {]-Jym-]n- h-jw- 1962
888. A-`n-\h
- `- m-cX
- skm-ssk-n-bp-sS m-]I
- - hn.Un.
khm-
889. B- k q- { Xn- X - a m- b C- y kw- m- \ X- e - m- \ - -
N-WvU
- n-KV
- v, Km-n-\K
-
890. B-Zy-am-bn t]m- m-v ]p-d-n-d-n-b h-jw- 1840
891. C-y-bn Im-em-h-[n ]q-n-bm-n-b, tIm-{K-kp-Im-c-\m- G-I {]-[m-\-a-{n- F._n.hm-Pv-t]-bn
892. H-mw tI-c-f \n-b-a-k-`-bp-sS B-Zy k-t-f-\w \-S--Xv- 1957
G-{]n 27-\v
893. ]-cn-Wm-aw F- t\m-h-en G-Xv ar-K-am-Wv {]-[m-\-I-Ym-]m{Xw- \m-b
894. _m-_-s b-Ym-Y-t]-cv- D-ep-Lv-Jm
895. Xp-I-sf A-a- sN-bv-X K-h-W P-\-d hn-eyw s_nIv {]-`p
896. th-hn-m \-jv-S-s-Sp- hn-m-an- hn-m-an kn
897. sh-s-gp-v F- t\-{X-tcm-K-n-s im-kv-{X-\m-aw- ssl-sa-t{Sm-n-b
898. bp-ssW--Uv t\-j-kv ssl--o-j-W t^m sd-^yq-Pokn-s B-m-\w--P-\o-h
899. Pw-j-Uv-]q G-Xp hy-h-km-b-n-\p {]-kn-w- C-cp-p-cp-v
900. C-y-bn F-{X h-jw Iq-Sp-tm-gm-Wv ^n-\m-kv I-n-js\ \n-b-an-p--Xv- A-p-h-jw
901. kw-t-]-th-Zm-Yw 1772 F-hn-sS-\n-p-am-Wv {]-kn--sSp-n-b-Xv- tdmw
902. kn.]n.sF.(Fw) t]m-fn-v-_yq-tdm-bn-se B-Zy h-\n-X- hr-
Im-cm-v
903. C-y-bn G--hpw ]-Sn-m-dm-bn n-Xn-sN-p- Pn-- Iv
904. Km-n-Pn-sb B-Zy-am-bn cm-jv-{S- ]n-Xm-hv F-p hn-fn--Xv-
kp-`m-jv N-{-t_m-kv
905. ap-Jy-a-{n-bp-sS D-]-tZ-i-{]-Im-cw a-{n-am-v h-Ip-p-I
hn-`-Pn-p \-Ip--Xm-cv--K-h-W
906. Kp-]X
v- h
- w-i
- n-se G-h
- pw {]-ik
- X
v- \
- m-b `-cW
- m-[n-Im-cn - N{-Kp-]v-X hn-{I-am-Zn-Xy
907. sIm- sd-bn-th-bp-sS \o-fw- 760 In.ao.
908. kw-m-\ Zp-cn-X \n-hm-c-W A-tXm-cn-n-bp-sS sN-b-am - ap-Jy-a-{n
909. skn-\ td-v F- ]-h-X-\n-c F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- Am-n-bn
56
CONFUSING FACTS
tIcfn Ghpw Dbcnep Pn CSpn. Xmgv
Pn Bepg.
tZiobXen anI Nn{Xn\p shnsaU
t\Snb BZyaebmfNn{Xw \oepbn BWv.
tZiobXen anI Nn{Xn\pkzWsaU
t\Snb BZyaebmfNn{Xw sNo BWv.
Cwojnse {]IrXnbpsS Ihn thUv k v h v ,
aebmfnteXv CStcn.
kzmX{ye_v[nbpsS kabv {_nojv Cybnse
Ghpw henb s{]mhnkv BbncpXv _wKm
Bbncpp. Fm, 1937 Cybn\nv _asb
ths]SppXn\papv _abncpp Ghpw henb
{]hniy.
910. tI-c-f-n Im-em-h-[n(5 h-jw) Xn-I-p `-cn- G-I tIm{K-kv ap-Jy-a-{n- sI.I-cp-Wm-I-c (198287)
911. sN-hn-sb-bpw A-Xn-s\ _m-[n-p- tcm-K--sf-bpw Ip-dn-v
]Tn-p- im-kv-{X-im-J- Hm-tm-f-Pn
912. Sn-jyp I--dn-s ]n-Xm-hv F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- tl-_em-Uv
913. sS--\-kn-\p Im-c-W-am-b _m-Iv-So-cn-b- tm-kv-{So-Un-bw sS-\n
914. sX- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se Nm-m kv-{Xo-I-v am-dp-a-d-bvm kzm-X-{yw \-In-b-Xv- D-{Xw Xn-cp-\m
915. \-bp-Zm- A-hm-Uv- G-Xp cw-K-hp-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p-
im-kv{- X-k
- m-t-Xn-Iw
916. tI-c-f-n Iq-Sp-X-em-bn Im-W-s-Sp- a-v- em--ssd-v
917. sF-Iy-cm-jv-{S-k-`-bn Aw-K-Xz-ap- G--hpw sN-dn-b cm-Pyw-
sam-Wm-tm
918. tI-c-f-n k-ap-{Z-\n-c-n n-Xn sN-p- h-\y-Po-hn kt-Xw- aw-K-f-h-\w
919. \-_m-Un-s B-m-\w- apw-ss_
920. sk-p-em t^m-Wn-s ]n-Xm-hv F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- am-n
Iq-
921. sXm--ap-v F--dn-b-s-Sp- tcm-Kw- Un-^v-Xo-cn-b
922. Syq-_-p-tem-kn-kn-\v Im-cW
- a
- m-b _m-ISv- o-cn-b- ssa-tm _mIv-So-cn-bw
923. tcm-K-{]-Xn-tcm-[-n-\m-h-iy-am-b hn-m-an Po-h-Iw kn
924. {^m-kn-se G--hpw D-b- ssk-\n-I _-lp-a-Xn- eo-Pn-b
Hm-^v Hm-W
925. Sm-tKm-dn-s\ t{K-v skn-\ F-p hn-ti-jn-n--Xv- Km-nPn
926. Kzm--\m-tam P-bn G-Xv Zzo-]n-em-Wv -Iyq-_
927. Zp-Km-q o m v G-Xp cm-Py-n-s-k-l-I-c-W-tm-sSbm-Wv \n-an--Xv- {_n-
928. tI-c-f-n F-v F--hpw Iq-Sp-X D-ev-]m-Zn-n-p- Pn--
sIm-w
929. Zp-jy- F- I-Ym-]m-{Xw Im-fn-Zm-k-s G-Xp \m-S-I-n A-`n-m-\ im-Ip--fw
930. B-Zn-{K-w t{Im-Uo-I-cn- kn-Jv Kp-cp- A-Pp tZ-hv
931. F-kv.F.Un.]n.bp-sS m-]-I sk-{I--dn- Ip-am-c-\m-im
932. I-p-I-sf-p-dn-v ]Tn-p- im-kv-{X-im-J- H-^v-Xm-tam-f-Pn
933. lo-a-q-dn-b F-m-se-v- aq-{X-n c-w Im-W-s-Sp- Ah-
934. B-e-p-g Pn--bn-se {]-[m-\-Im-b-ep-I- th--\m-Spw Im-bwIp-fh
- pw
935. k-Xym-Y {]-Im-iw c-Nn--Xv- Z-bm-\-v k-c-kz-Xn
936. U-ln m-]n- hw-iw- tXm-am-c-hw-iw
937. tI-c-f-n D-]-Xn-c-s-Sp-n ]-cm-P-b-s- G-I a-{n-
sI.ap-cf
- o-[c
-
57
58
CONFUSING FACTS
ssl-tm-S-Xn P-Uv-Pn-bm-b B-Zy a-e-bm-fn h-\n-X A-m
Nm-n-bm-Wv. kp-{]ow tIm-S-Xn P-Uv-Pn-bm-b B-Zy a-ebm-fn h-\n-X Fw.F-kv. ^m-n-am _o-hn-bm-Wv.
Pv-Rm-\-]oTw t\-Sn-b B-Zy h-\n-X B-im-]q-Wm-tZ-hn-bmWv. km-ln-Xy A-m-Z-an A-hm-Un-\-l-bm-b B-Zy h\n-X-bm-Wv A-ar-Xm-{]o-Xw.
m-\-]oT-n-\v B-Zy-am-bn A-l-\m-b-Xv a-e-bm-f Ihn-bm-b Pn.i-c
-
- p-dp-m-Wv (1965). F-m m-\]
- oTw
t\-Sn-b B-Zy t\m-h-en-v _w-Km-fn-se Xm-cm-i- _m\-Pn-bm-Wv (1966). m-\-]oTw t\-Sn-b B-Zy a-e-bm-f
t\m-h-en-v F-kv.sI.s]m--m-m-Wv.
1034. a-n-s \m-Sv F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw- Im-\-U
1035. A-an-sse-kv F- F-sskw F-n-em-Wv {]-h-n-p--Xv A--Pw
1036. A-an-X-am-bn e-l-cn-]m-\o-b- D-]-tbm-Kn-p--Xp-aq-ew G-Xh-b-h-n-\m-Wv Iq-Sp-X \m-i-ap-m-Ip--Xv- I-c
1037. P-dp-k-te-an-se Pq-X-tZ-hm-e-bw- tdm-am-m- \-in-n--Xp-aq-ewb-lq-Z- tI-c-f-n-h- h-jw- F-Un-68
1038. tdm-a I-tm-en- G--hpw Iq-Sp-X-ep- cm-Pyw- {_-ko
1039. bq-tdm-n-s ]-Wn-p-c F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw- s_-Pn-bw
1040. A--s Hm-a-p-dn-p-I B-cp-sS B--I-Y-bm-Wv- Cu--chm-cy
1041. an-skm-d-an-s ]-g-b t]-cv- ep-jm-bv ln Un-kv-{Sn-Iv-Sv
1042. an-tm--tam-en `-c-W ]-cn-jv-Im-cw G-Xp h-j-n- 1909
1043. tI-c-f-n-se Pn--I-fn G--hpw Iq-Sp-X I-S-o-c-ap
--Xv- I-q
1044. 1952 ]m-e-saw-K-am-b {]-i-kv-X `m-c-Xo-b tPym-Xn-im-kv{X-- ta-L-\m-Yv km-l
1045. {In-kv--^ sIm-fw-_-kv P-\n- cm-Pyw- C--en
1046. A-Pp-\ A-hm-Uv t\-Sn-b B-Zy {In--- k-enw Zp-cm-\n
1047. t]m-bn v Im-en-a ]-n k-t-Xw G-Xv kw-m-\-n- Xan-gv-\m-Sv
1048. _w-Km hn-`-Pn--s- h-jw- 1905
1049. tem-Iv-k-`m-Xn-c-s-Sp-n thm-p sN-bv-X B-Zy {]-kn-U v sI B- \m-cm-b-W1050. t]m-p-K-en-se Im-X-dn-s\ hn-hm-lw I-gn--tm Cw--n-se
Nm-kv c-m-a cm-Pm-hn-\v kv-{Xo-[-\-am-bn e-`n- {]-tZ-iw-
t_mw-s_
1051. A-Nyp-X-tZ-h-cm-b-cp-sS- Im-e-v- hn-P-b-\-K-cw- k--in-- t]mp-Ko-kp-Im-c-\m-b Ip-Xn-c hym-]m-cn- s^-\m-thm \yq-\n-kv
1052. ao-\-n-em G-Xp Pn--bn-se {]-[m-\-\-Zn-bm-Wv- tIm--bw
1053. A-Pv-ao-cn A-lm-bn Zn Im tPm-]-cm ]-Wn-I-gn-n--Xv-
Ip--_v-o sF-_-Iv
1054. ao-cm-tZ-hn-bp-sS t-{Xw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- Nn-tm-K-Vv
1055. A-n-bn G--hpw Iq-Sp-X-ep- tem-lw- Im-kyw
1056. ap-f-bn-e-I am-{Xw Xn-p Po-hn-p- Po-hn- ]m-
1057. A-tbm-[y G-Xp \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-v- k-c-bp
1058. A-td-_y \m-Sp-I-tf-bpw B-{^n- h-I-c-tb-bpw th-Xncn-p- I-S- sN--S
1059. a-Wv-U-cn tcm-K-n-\p Im-c-W-am-b Po-hn- ssh-d-kv
1060. an-tm-s\-v F--dn-b-s-n-cp- Im-bn-I hn-t\m-Zw- thm-fot_m
1061. kn-p-\-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-s G--hpw h-en-b \-K-cw -I-dm-n
1062. C-y-bn G--hpw Iq-Sp-X a-g e-`n-p- au-kn-dw G-Xp
kw-m-\-m-Wv- ta-Lm-e-b
1063. ao-kn-kv hm-Iv-kn I-p-]n-Sn--Xm-cv- tPm F-^v.-F-tUgv-kv(1960)
1064. kn-n-an-t\m-Sv G--hpw A-Sp-p n-Xn-sN-p- ]-n-a _wKm-fn-se sd-bn-th t-j- \yq P-bv-]m-Kp-Vn
59
60
CONFUSING FACTS
1923 {]-h--\w B-cw-`n- kz-cm-Pv ]m-n-bp-sS m]-I kn.B.Zm-kpw tam-n-em s\-lv-dp-hpw. 1934
tIm-{K-kv tkm-jy-en-v ]m-n m-]n-m ap-ssIsb-Sp-X
- v B-Nm-cy \-tc-{-tZ-hpw P-b{- ]-Im-iv \m-cm-bW
- pw.
a-{Zm-kv \-K-c-n-s m-]-I {^m-kn-kv tU B-Wv.
{^m-kn-kv am-n B-Wv t]m-n-t-cn (]p-Xp-t-cn) m]n-X
- v.
tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy-s h-\n-Xm K-h-W tPym-Xn shn-Sm-N-e-am-Wv. F-m K-h-W ]-Z-hn-bn-se-n-b BZy tI-c-fo-b h-\n-X P-n-kv Fw.F-kv. -^m-n-am-_o-hnbm-Wv.
Hm-kv-I t\m-an-t\-j t\-Sn-b B-Zy C-y Nn-{Xw a-Z
C-y-bm-Wv. Kp-cp-hm-Wv Cu {]-tXy-I-X-bp- B-Zy a-ebm-f Nn-{Xw.
1167. kn.hn.cm-a\
- v G-Xp hn-jb- n- e m- W v s\mt_ k-m-\w e-`n-Xv- Du-P-X-{w
1168. tI-cf
-
- n Np-m-pI-v Im-Ws
- -Sp- ew- hm-f-bm
1169. lm-tPm F- Xo-YmS-\ tI-{w G-Xv \-Zn-bpsS Xo-c-m-Wv {_-]p-{X
1170. ln-p-m-s X-\-Xmb ^-ew F-v am-sb hn-ti-jn-n-X
- m-cv- _m-_
1171. bq-tdm G-Xv h-Ic
- b
- nse cm-Py--fn-se \m]- Z v - a - ` q- j t\- S n- b
W-b-am-Wv bq-tdm-v
B- Z y a- e - b m- f n- 1172. kn.-F.-Sn. kv-Im-\ Ip-]n-Sn-X
- m-cv- tKm-Uv- h--tm \m-cm-b-W-ta-t\m
{^n lu-kv-^o-Uv
1173. C-y ^p-Sv-t_m-fn-s sa-- sIm--
1174. Km-n-Pn-sb G-sd kzm-[o-\n- A-Sp Zn-kv em-v c-Nn--Xv-
tPm d-kv-In
1175. kw-m-\-v {]-kn-U v `-c-Ww {]-Jym-]n-p-tm tI-{n-\p-th-n kw-m-\ `-c-Ww \-S-p--Xm-cv--K-h-W
1176. Kw-K-bp-sS t]m-j-I-\-Zn-I-fn G--hpw h-en-b X-S-{]-tZ-i-ap-Xv- -b-ap-\
1177. tI-c-f-n D-]-Xn-c-s-Sp-n-eq-sS ko-p \n-e-\n-n-b BZy Aw-Kw tdm-k-m ]p-q-kv
1178. kz-X-{ C-y-bn tIm-{K-kv A-[y--]-Z-hn h-ln- hntZ-i hw-i-P--tkm-Wn-bm Km-n
1179. Kw-Km-Xo-c-s G--hpw h-en-b \-K-cw--Im-]q
1180. se-]v-, `q-n-b F-n-h G-Xp kw-m-\-s P-\-X-bm-Wv- knnw
1181. sF-Iy-cm-jv{- S k-`b
- p-sS cq-]h
- X
- vI
- c
- W
-
- n-\v ap-ssI-sb-Sp-
A-ta-cn- {]-kn-U v--{^m-v-fn Un dq-kv-sh-v
1182. Iq-dp-am- \n-tcm-[\
- \n-ba
- {- ]-Im-cw H-cp Aw-K
- n-s Im-cy-n
Xo-cp-am-\-sa-Sp-m A-[n-Im-c-s--Xm-cv -kv-]o-
1183. Im-_- X-o--Sw G-Xp kw-m-\-m-Wv- _o-lm
1184. Im-_p B-m-\-am-bn `-c-W-\n-h-l-Ww \-S-n-b ap-K N{I-h-n--_m-_
1185. H-mw `u-a D--tIm-Sn-bp-sS th-Zn- dn-tbm Un P-\o-tdm ({_ko)
61
1243. tdm-f-v Km-tcm F--Xv F-n v t]-cv {^-v Hm- sS-okv I-fn--ew
1244. Xn-aq C-y B-{I-an- h-jw- 1398
1245. P-e-n-\-Sn-bn kq-n-p-h-bv-p--aq-e-Iw- sh- t^m-kv^-dk
- v
1246. Xn-aq C-y B-{I-an--tm U-ln `-cn-n-cp- hw-iw-
Xp-I
- v
1247. b-lq-Z tI-c-f-n h- h-jw- F.Un.68
1248. am-m-Wv-U-h-a A--cn--Xv- G-Xv h-j-n- F.Un.1758
1249. 1934 G-Xp--e-p-sh-m-Wv Iu-ap-Zn F- s]-Ip-n Xs B-`-c-W- Km-n-Pn-bv-p \-In-b-Xv- h-S-I-c
1250. tdm-_n-k {Iq-tkm F- I-Ym-]m-{X-s kr-jSv- n-X
- v- Um\n-tb Uo-t^m
1251. Km-n-Pn-sb a-lm-m F-v B-Zy-am-bn kw-t_m-[-\ sN-bv-XXv- Sm-tKm
1252. tdm--dn C-\m-j-W m-]n--Xv- t]m lm-cn-kv
1253. t{K hn--hw F-p-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p- kn-a-dv D-]mZ-\w
1254. tI-c-f \-thm-m-\-n-s ]n-Xm-hv F-p hn-ti-jn-n--s-Xv- {io-\m-cm-bW
- K
- p-cp
1255. G-Xp hn-m-an-s A-`m-h-n-em-Wv s_-dn s_-dn F- tcm-Kw
D-m-Ip--Xv- hn-m-an _n (X-b-an)
1256. lp-a-bq \m-a c-Nn--Xv- Kp-_-Z _o-Kw (_m-_-dp-sS aI)
1257. tI-c-f-n I-ayp-Wn-v ]m-n 1957 A-[n-Im-c-n h-tm ]m-n kw-m-\ sk-{I--dn- Fw.F.tKm-hn- \mb
1258. tI-c-f-n c-m-a-s Xn-c-s-Sp-p \-S- h-jw- 1960
1259. bq-tdm-n F-hn-sS-bm-Wv ssl-Uv ]m-v- e-
1260. Km-n-Pn-bp-sS ss{]-h-v sk-{I--dn- a-lm-tZ-hv tZ-im-bn
1261. tI-c-f-n D-p k-Xym-{K-l-n-s(1930) {]-[m-\ th-Zn-bmbn-cp--Xv- ]--q
1262. tI-c-f-n G--hpw D-b-c-n n-Xn-sN-p- ]--Ww- aqm
1263. tI-cf
- K-h-W ]-Zw h-ln-t- i-jw cm-j{-v S-]X
- n-bm-bX
- -v hn.hn.Kncn
1264. a-n-s\ i-{Xp-hm-bn I-W-m--s-Sp- Im-jn-I hn-f-
Im-n
1265. G--hpw D-b- c--k---ap- ar-Kw- Pn-dm-^v
1266. t{i-jvT `m-jm ]-Z-hn e-`n- B-Zy-s C-y `m-j- X-an-gv
1267. a-Zyw _m-[n-p- X-e-tm-dn-s `m-Kw- sk-dn-_-w
1268. tI-c-f K-h-W-dm-b G-I a-e-bm-fn- hn.hn-iz-\m-Y
1269. tdm- a ]p- c m- W - n- s e k- t - i - h m- l - I - \ m- b tZ- h -
sa-p-dn
1270. G- - h pw D- - n i- _ v - Z - a p- m- m I- g n- b p- Po- h n-
Xn-anw-Kn-ew
1271. sF-tlm im-k-\-hp-am-bn _--s- ]-Wv-Un-Xv- c-hn-Ion
1272. Pzm-em-ap-Jn G-Xv kw-m-\-s Xo-Ym-S-\ tI-{-am-Wv- lnam-N {]-tZ-iv
1273. tI-c-f-n-se sN-j-b tlmw n-Xn sN-p--sX-hn-sS- Xncp-h-\--]p-cw
1274. G--hpw- D-b-c-n- ]-d-p- ]-n- --I-gp-I1275. tem-ln-Xv G-Xv \-Zn-bp-sS t]m-j-I-\-Zn-bm-Wv- {_--]p-{X
1276. G-Xp ]-n-bp-sS ap--tm-Sm-Wv I-e-lm-cn a-cp-`q-an-bn-se _pjv-sa hn-`m-K-m P-ew-kq-n-p- P-p-I-fm-bn D-]-tbmKn-p-X
- v- H
- - I
-
-
- n
1277. sIm- sd-bn-th _--s-Sp-p- -e-- aw-K-em]p-c-hpw apw-ss_ (tdm-l)bpw
1278. G--hpw D-b-c-n n-Xn sN-p- X-e-m-\ \-K-c-ap-
cm-Pyw- s_m-fo-hn-b
1279. t^m-ap-e h Im-tdm- a-k-c-n a-k-cn-m A-l\m-b B-Zy-s C-y-m-c- \m-cm-b Im-n-tI-b
1280. Xo-Ym-S-\-n-s h-j- B-cp-sS B--I-Y-bm-Wv- cm-Pmcm-a
1281. G-h
- pw D-bc
-
- n-h
- p \-S
- H-fn-n-Ivk
- v- sa-Ivk
- n-tm kn-n
62
CONFUSING FACTS
C-y-bp-sS ]q-tm--\-K-cw F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv _mwq B-Wv. C-y-bp-sS ]q-tm-w F--dn-b-s-Sp-Xv I-ia
v- o-cm-Wv.
H-cp Pm-Xn H-cp-a-Xw,H-cp ssZ-hw a-\p-jy-\v- F-v ]-d-Xv \m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp. Pm-Xn th-. a-Xw th- a-\p-jy-\vF-p ]-d--Xv k-tlm-Z-c A--.
ap-p-I-fp-sS \-K-cw F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv C-y-bn-se
ssl-Zc
- m-_m-Zv. h-fI
- f
- p-sS \-Kc
- w F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp-X
- v ]mIn-m-\n-se ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zv.
th-Z-k-am-Pw m-]n--Xv {io-[-c-ep \m-bn-Up. tZ-h-kam-P-n-s m-]-I in-h-\m-cm-b A-n-tlm-{Xn.
P-\-km-{-X Iq-Sn-b G--hpw Iq-Sn-b `q-J-Wv-Uw G-jy.
Ip-d--Xv Hm-kv-t{S-en-b.
1282. Bw-tm C-y k-ap-Zm-b-n-\v {]m-Xn-\n-[y-an-s-n cm-jv{S-]-Xn-v F-{X Aw-K--sf \m-a-\n-t-iw sN-mw-2
1283. G-Xp \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-m-Wv Xn-cp-n-d--n--Im-th-cn
1284. Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn {io-aq-ew {]-Pm-k-` (t]m-p-e A-kw-_vfn) {]-h--\-am-cw-`n- h-jw- 1904
1285. tI-c-f k-h-I-em-im-e-bn-\n-v kw-Ko-X-n B-Zy-am-bn
tUm-Iv-S-td-v t\-Sn-b-Xv- kn.sI.tc-h-
1286. tI-c-f km-ln-Xy A-m-Z-an m-]n-X-am-b h-jw- 1956
1287. F.]n.Pn-bp-sS tNm- I-s-m tN-p- ]-Zm-Yw-
sa-m-]v-
1288. tI-c-f-n h-\-hn-kv-Xr-Xn G--hpw Iq-Sp-X-ep- Pn--
C-Sp-n
1289. G--hpw- D-b-cw-Iq-Sn-b k-kv-X-\n- - Pn-dm-^v1290. tI-c-f km-ln-Xy A-m-Z-an-bp-sS {]-Y-a D-]m-[y-- h-tm \m-cm-b-W-ta-t\m
1291. tcm-K-{]-Xn-tcm-[-ti-jn \-Ip- c-m-Wp- sh-fp- c-mWp
1292. tI-c-f ]-{Xn-I Zn-\--{Xw B-cw-`n--Xv- sN-p-f-v h-en-b Ipn-cm-a \m-b
1293. ssh-cp-[y--fp-sS k--e-\w F--dn-b-s- Xp--Iv-kp-m ap-l--Zv _n Xp--Iv
1294. tI-c-f ]-n-Iv k-ho-kv I-n-j-s B-Zy-s sN-b-am-
hn.sI.th-em-bp-[
1295. t]m-Mv A-W-s-v G-Xp \-Zn-bn-em-Wv- _n-bm-kv
1296. kw-m-\-n-s \n-h-l-Wm-[n-Im-cw B-cn-em-Wv \n-n-]vX-am-bn-cn-p-X
- v -Kh
- -W
1297. tI-c-f-n G--hpw Ip-d-v I-S-tem-c-ap- Pn-- sIm-w
1298. Km-n-sa-tm-dn-b F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--I-\ym-Ip-am-cn
1299. tI-c-f-n- h-c-bm-Sp-I-v- {]-kn--am-b tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\w--Cc-hn-Ip-fw1300. kn-n-an-se {]-[m-\-s- \-Zn- So
1301. tI-c-f-n hm-b-\m-hm-c-am-bn BtLm-jn-p--Xv- Pq 1925
1302. G-Xp cm-Py-am-Wv se-tkm-s-sb
]q-Wa
- m-bpw Np-n n-Xn-sN-p-Xv--Z-n-Wm-{^n-
1303. tI-c-f-n Im-em-h-[n (5 h-jw)
Xn-I-p `-cn- G-I am-Iv-kn-p apJy- a - { n
C.sI.\m- b \m(19962001)
1304. G-Xp h-jw s^-{_p-hc
- n 28-\m-Wv
tI- c - f - n D- ] - X n- c cm-a C-^I
- vS- v kn.hn.cm-a I-ss- S p- n- e q- s S ko- p \nn-b-Xv- 1928
e- \ n- n- b B- Z y Aw- K w
tdm- k - m ]p- q- k v
63
64
CONFUSING FACTS
-b-tcm-Kw-aq-ew A--cn- a-e-bm-f I-hn N--p-g ,t]hn-j-_m-[-tb-v a-cn--Xv Ip- \-ym, t_m-p-ap-n-acn--Xv Ip-am-c-\m-im, B--l-Xy sN-bv-X a-e-bm-f I-hn
C-S--n cm-L-h-]n-.
cm-jv-{Sw, A-Xp Rm-\m-Wv F-p ]-d--Xv {^m-kn-se
eq-bn ]-Xn-\m-em-a. F-\n-p-ti-jw {]-f-bw F-p ]-d-Xv eq-bn ]-Xn-\-m-a.
cm-Py-k-`mw-K-am-b m-\-]oT tP-Xm-hv Pn.i--c-p-dp-v.
tem-Ik
v- `- mw-Ka
- m-b m-\]
- oT tP-Xm-hm-Wv F-kv.sI. s]m-m-v.
1389. ]-n-s-p-I-t]m-se B-Im-i-v hym-]n-p-In-S-p- taL-- Iyp-ap-e-kv
1390. k-ap-{Z-P-e-n G--hpw Iq-Sp-X A-S-n-bn-cn-p- e-h-Ww tkm-Un-bw tm-ssd-Uv
1391. ]-p-I-fp-sS B-tcm-Ky-n-\v A-Xy-m-t]-n-X-am-b aq-e-Iw-Im-kyw
1392. G-Xv ap-K N-{I-h-n-bp-sS Im-e
- m-Wv ]p-Ib
- n-e Ir-jn Bcw-`n--Xv- P-lmw-Ko
1393. ]-c-{o-kp-`m-j F--Xp sIm-v N-cn-{X-Im-c-am D-t-in-p `m-j-tb-Xv- {^-v
1394. K-h-W-dpw a-{n-k-`-bpw X-n-ep- I-n F--dn-b--Sp--Xv-ap-Jy-a-{n
1395. ]-c-a-ho-c-N-{Iw cq-]-I-ev-]-\ sN-bv-X-Xm-cv- km-hn-{Xn J-t\m
1396. \-f- k-h-I-em-im-e kv-Ym-]n- Kp-]v-X cm-Pm-hv- -Ip-am-c-Kp-]vX.1397. H-do-k-bp-sS an-t-\n-bw \-K-cw F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- I--v
1398. H-do-k-bp-sS kmw-kv-Im-cn-I X-e-m-\w- I--v
1399. G-Xp bp-K-n-em-Wv a-lm-hn-jv-Wp Iq-am-h-Xm-cw sN-bv-X-Xv-
k-Xy-bp-Kw
1400. \-f- k-h-I-em-im-e-sb ]p-\-cp-o-hn-n- ]m-e-hw-i cm-Pmhv- [-a-]m-e
1401. H-do-k-bp-sS Zpx-Jw-F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- a-lm-\-Zn
1402. `nw-t`-Sv-I Kp-l-I G-Xv kw-m-\-v- a-[y-{]-tZ-iv
1403. \-f-m k-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS-A-h-in-jv-S- G-Xp kw-m-\m-Wv Im-Wm I-gn-bp--Xv- _o-lm
1404. H-fn-n-Iv-kv Nn--n-se \o-e h-f-bw {]-Xn-\n-[m-\w sN-p h-I-c- bq-tdm-v
1405. sk-{S {U-Kv dn-k-v C-n-yq-v C-y-bn F-hn-sS-bmWv- e-Iv-\u
1406. G-Xv ap-K N-{I-h-n-bp-sS Im-e-m-Wv _m-_v-dn a-kv-Pn-Zv
\n-an--s--Xv--_m-_
1407. {_n- o- j v - a- e - _ m- \n- e - h n- h - - X v - G- X v h- j - n-
F.Un.1793
1408. `m-K-t[-b-n-s a-\p-jy F--dn-b-s--Xv- s\-tm-fn-b
t_m-W-m-v
1409. Iyq-_ an-ssk {]-Xn-k-n ssI-Im-cyw sN-bv-X A-ta-cn {]-kn-U v--tPm F-^v. sI--Un
1410. ]-c-am-Wp kn-m-w D--bn- ]p-cm-X-\-`m-c-X Zm-i-\n-I- IWm-Z
1411. J-\z-bp--n (1527) B-cm-Wv kw-{Km-a-knw-l-s\ ]-cm-P-bs-Sp-n-b-Xv--_m-_
1412. K-m-^n {In--v t-Un-bw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--em-tlm
1413. k-h- ln-p--s-Xn-cm-b k-a-c-n-s-d `m-K-am-bn- a-\pkv-ar-Xn- I-n- t\-Xm-hv--_n.B.Aw-t_-Zv-I
1414. G-Xv ap-K N-{I-h-n-bp-sS i-h-Ip-So-c-am-Wv Im-_q-fn-ep--Xv-_m-_
1415. H- f n- n- I v - k v sa- U t\- S n- b C- y sS- o- k v Xm- c w-
en-bm- ]-b-kv
65
66
CONFUSING FACTS
B-[p-\n-I P-\m-[n-]-Xy-n-s kp-hn-ti-jw F--dn-b-sSp--Xv dq-tm c-Nn- tkm-jy tIm-{Sm-Iv-Sv B-Wv. B[p-\n-I P-\m-[n-]-Xy-n-s B-Wn--v F--dn-b-s-Sp-Xv am-m Im--bm-Wv (Corner stone of modern democracy). Cw-Kv-f-n-se tPm cm-Pm-hv P-\--fp-sS A-h-Imi- \n-h-Nn-p-sIm-v d-n-ao-Uv F- -e-p-h-v
1215 C-Xn H-n-p.
C-y-bn kzm-X-{y-tPym-Xn sX-fn-bn-n-cn-p--Xv B-am \n-tm-_m Zzo-]p-I-fn-se sk-p-em P-bn-en-emWv. A-a tPym-Xn Pm-en-b-hm-em _m-Kn-epw A-a Phm tPym-Xn \yq-U-ln-bn-se C-ym tK-n-ep-am-Wv.
X-an-gv I-e--dn-se B-Zy-am-kw Nn-n-c-bpw A-h-km-\-amkw ss]-p-\n-bp-am-Wv.
1518. ]-lm-cn `m-j G-Xp kw-m-\-m-Wv D-]-tbm-K-n-ep--Xv-
ln-am-N {]-tZ-iv
1519. C-y an-ssk ]--Xn-bp-sS D-]-m-Xm-hv- F.]n.sP. A_v-Zp I-emw
1520. ]m-en-b-tm-f-Pn F-n-s\-p-dn-p- ]T-\-am-Wv- t^m-kn
1521. C-y A-Wp-t_mw-_v ]-Zv-[-Xn-bp-sS ]n-Xm-hv F--dn-b-s-Sp-Xv- cm-P cm-a-
1522. ]m-In-kv-Xm-s tZ-io-b Km-\w- Izm-an X-cm-\
1523. `-c-W-L-S-\-{]-Im-cw C-y-bn \n-h-l-Wm-[n-Im-cw B-cn
\n-n-]v-X-am-bn-cn-p-p- {]-kn-U v
1524. I-_-Un-bp-sS P--\m-Sv- C-y
1525. ]m-e-hw-iw m-]n--Xv- tKm-]m-e
1526. i-_v-Z-a-en-\o-I-c-Ww A-f-p- bq-Wn-v- sU-kn-_
1527. ]m-m-Kp-fn-I-bm-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-p--Xv- \m-^v-X-eo
1528. ]-k-^n-Iv k-ap-{Z-n-\v B t]-cp \-In-b-Xv- a-K-
1529. hp-Uv kv-]n-cn-v F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- ao-ssY B--tlm
1530. hr--bp-sS L-S-\m-]-c-hpw [-a-]-c-hp-am-b A-Sn-m-\ L-S-Iw-s\-t{^m
1531. tI-c-f-n G--hpw Ip-d-p-Im-ew Fw.F.F.B-bn-cp--Xv-
kn.l-cn-Zm-kv
1532. sk v tXm-a-kv C-y-bn h- h-jw- F.Un.52
1533. kz-X-{ C-y-bn tIm-{K-kv A-[y--bm-b c-m-a-s
h-\n-X--tkm-Wn-bm Km-n
1534. tI-c-f-n G--hpw Iq-Sp-X sXm-gn c-ln-X D- Pn--
Xn-cp-h-\--]p-cw
1535. tI-c-f-n H-Sp-hn cq-]w sIm- Pn-- Im-k-tIm-Sv
1536. G-Xp D-S--Sn {]-Im-c-am-Wv {_n-o-jp-Im-v Sn-p-hn-\n-v ae-_m e-`n--Xv- {io-cw-K-]--Ww D-S--Sn
1537. tI-c-f-n I-ayp-Wn-v
]m-n \-S-n-b G--hpw hen-b k-a-cw- ]p--{]--h-b-em
1538. lo-en-bw I-p-]n-Sn--Xv- cmw-tk
1539. N-c-I G-Xp \n-e-bn-em-Wv {]-kn--\m-bn-cp-p- `n-j-Kz-c
1540. B-[p-\n-I ]m-m-Xy Nn--bp-sS ]n-Xm-hv F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv sd-s\ sZ-m-s
1541. X-m-hq-cn-se _r-l-Zo-iz-c-t-{Xw- (cm-P-cm-P-t-{Xw) ]-WnI-gn-n--Xm-cv - cm-P-cm-P-tNm-f-H-m-a
1542. Xn-aq B-{I-an-p-tm U-ln kp-m-\m-bn-cp--Xv- \mkn-dp-o a-l-q-Zv
1543. \m-Km-Pp km-K Umw G-Xv kw-m-\-m-Wv- B-{m-{]tZ-iv sX-em-\ A-Xn-n-bn
1544. ^p-Sv-t_m-fn-s a-sm-cp t]-cv- tkm- (A-tkm-kn-tb-j
^p-Sv-t_m)
1545. ]n-n-te-p ]-d-m I-gn-hp- ]-n- l-n-Mv ]-n
1546. t\m-v Hu-v- G-Xp-Im-bn-I-C-\-hp-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p-
t_m-Iv-kn-Mv
67
1595.
1596.
1597.
1598.
1599.
1600.
1601.
1602.
1603.
1604.
1605.
1606.
1607.
1608.
1609.
1610.
1611.
1612.
1613.
1614.
1615.
1616.
1617.
1618.
1619.
1620.
1621.
1622.
1623.
1624.
1625.
1626.
1627.
1628.
1629.
1630.
1631.
1632.
1633.
1634.
1635.
1636.
1637.
68
tNmZyw; Dcw P a
P- a- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv n-Xn-sN-p--Xv? ]p-kv-X-I-fn U-ln, P-bv-]q F-n--s\ hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn Im-Wpp?
= U-ln.P-b-]q, hm-cm-W-kn, D--bn, a-Yp-c F-n--s\
5 -e--fn P- a- \n-an-n-p-v.
1727 \pw 1734 \pw a-t[y cm-Pm k-hm-bv P-bv-knw-Kv B-Wv Ch ]-Wn-I-gn-n--Xv. Bw-_ cm-Py-s `-c-W-I-m-hm-bncp-p A-t-lw.
"Instrument and formula- F-m-Wv P- a- F- ]-Zn-\-Yw.
1638. tkm-Un-bw th- em-v G-Xp-\n-d-n {]-Im-in-pw--a-
1639. G--hpw h-en-b em-n-\-ta-cn- cm-Pyw- {_-ko
1640. _p--a-X-m-cp-sS G--hpw h-en-b B-cm-[-\m-e-bw- C-tm-\ojy-bn-e t_m-tdm-_p-Zq
1641. G--hpw h-en-b enw-^v {K-n- kv-o
1642. G--hpw h-en-b Ip-n-s\ {]-k-hn-p- P-p- \o-e-n-anwKn-ew
1643. ssX-m-Sv d-kn-U-kn-bp-sS am-t\-Pc
- m-bn-cp- \-thm-m-\ \mb-I- ssX-m-Sv A-m-Kp-cp
1644. tI-c-f Z-fn-X F- B-i-bw ap-tm-p-h- \-thm-m-\ \mb-I--s]m-bv-I-bn A--
1645. Ip-am-c-\m-im-s \-fn-\n F- Ir-Xn-v A-h-Xm-cn-I F-gp-Xn-bXv- F
- .B.cm-Pc
- m-Ph
- -a
1646. I-p-am-e k-a-cw \-bn--Xv- A--m-fn
1647. X-s B-i-b- {]-N-cn-n-m km-c-{Km-ln F- {]-kn-oI-c-Ww B-cw-`n- \-thm-m-\ \m-b-I- {_-m-\--in-h-tbmKn
1648. ]- C-e Np-h-p-{]-Im-i-n F-p \n-d-n Im-W-s-Spw I-dp-v
1649. \o-e-{K-lw F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- `q-an
1650. ^n-t\m-fn-s cm-k-\m-aw- Im-t_m-fn-Iv B-kn-Uv
1651. H-fn-n-Iv-kn ]-s-Sp- B--Zy a-e-bm-fn- kn.sI.e-v-aW
--
1652. ]-Z-hn-bn-en-cn-s A--cn- D-]-{]-[m-\-a-{n- k-Zm ]-t
1653. ^n-Zu-kn c-Nn- {]-[m-\-Ir-Xn- jm-\m-a
1654. th-Uv ssh-Uv sh-_v {]-h-n-n-p--Xn {]-ap-J ]-v hln- im-kv-{X-- Snw s_-W-kv en
1655. X-]m-m-v B-cw-`n- cm-Pyw- Cw--v
1656. -tcm-K--fp-sS cm-Pm-hv F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv---bw
1657. ^n-enw B v sS-en-hn-j C-n-yq-v Hm-^v C-y F-hn-sSbm-Wv- ]q-s\
1658. _p--a-X-n-s G-Xp hn-`m-K-s-bm-Wv I-\n-jv-I t{]mkm-ln-n--Xv- a-lm-bm-\w
1659. ^n-t\m-^v-X-en-\v B-kn-Un-ep- \n-dw- \n-d-an-
1660. e-Pn-t-o-hv Iu-kn-D- Z-n-tW-y kw-m-\-I-Wm-S-Iw,B-{m-{]-tZ-iv, sX-em-\
1661. _n-em-n hn-ti-jw F- bm-{Xm-hn-hc
- W
- w c-Nn-X
- v- sI.]n.tIi-h-ta-t\m
1662. ]-m-_n-se \-Zn-I-fn G--hpw h-ep-Xv- k-Xv-e-Pv
1663. -hm-kv-Xp-hn-Zym-Kp-cp-Ip-ew n-Xn sN-p--Xv- B-d-p-f
1664. _p--s I-kn- tZ-h-Z-
1665. Hm-l-cn hym-]m-cw G--hpw Iq-Sp-X \-S-p- C-y \-K-cw-
apw-ss_
1666. _n-kn.6mw i-X-I-n D--tc-y-bn-ep-m-bn-cp- 16 a-lmP-\-]-Z--fn G--hpw {]-_-ew- a-K-[
1667. Hm-Mv km kp Nn G-Xp cm-Py-s t\-Xm-hm-Wv- aym-am
1668. _p- C-l-tem-I-hm-kw sh-Sn- \-K-cw- Ip-in-\-K-cw
1669. Hm-S-p-g A-hm-Uv \-Ip--Xv- Kp-cp-hm-bp-c- {S-v
1670. \m-j-W Pp-Uo-jy A-m-Z-an F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- t`m-m
1671. Hm-S-p-g A-hm-Uv G-s-Sp-n-b-Xv- Pn. i--c-p-dp-v
69
1728.
1729.
1730.
1731.
1732.
1733.
1734.
1735.
1736.
1737.
1738.
1739.
1740.
1741.
1742.
1743.
1744.
1745.
1746.
1747.
1748.
1749.
1750.
1751.
1752.
1753.
1754.
1755.
1756.
1757.
1758.
1759.
1760.
1761.
1762.
1763.
1764.
1765.
1766.
1767.
1768.
1769.
1770.
1771.
1772.
1773.
70
CONFUSING FACTS
tI-c-f Im-fn-Zm-k F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv tI-c-f-h-a h-enb tIm-bn--p-cm-\m-Wv. ss{I-kv-X-h Im-fn-Zm-k F-dn-b-s-Sp--Xv I---bw sN-dn-bm am-n-f-bm-Wv.
Ip-am-c-\m-im P-\n--Xv Xn-cp-h-\--]p-cw Pn--bn Imbn--c-bn. t_m-p-ap-n a-cn--Xv B-e-p-g Pn--bn ]-\-bm-n (Ip-am-c-tIm-Sn).
C-y-bn tem-Iv-k-`m Xn-c-s-Sp-n thm-p sN-bv-X
(1998) B- Z y {]- k n- U v sI.B.\m- c m- b - W - \ m- W v .
F.]n.sP.A-_vZ- p I-em-am-Wv A-kw-n Xn-cs
- -Sp-n
thm-p sN-bv-X B-Zy {]-kn-U v.
1774.
1775.
1776.
1777.
1778.
1779.
1780.
1781.
1782.
1783.
1784.
1785.
1786.
1787.
1788.
1789.
1790.
1791.
1792.
1793.
1794.
1795.
1796.
1797.
1798.
1799.
1800.
1801.
1802.
1803.
1804.
1805.
1806.
1807.
1808.
1809.
1810.
1811.
1812.
1813.
1814.
1815.
1816.
1817.
1818.
1819.
1820.
1821.
1822.
1823.
1824.
1825.
1826.
1827.
1828.
1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
1837.
1838.
1839.
1840.
1841.
1842.
1843.
1844.
1845.
1846.
71
72
CONFUSING FACTS
tZ-io-b-Km-\-n G--hpw ]-g--ap- hm-p-I D-
cm-Pyw P-m-\m-Wv. G--hpw ]-g--ap- ayq-kn-Iv D- tZio-b-Km-\w s\-X-e-Uv-kn-s-Xm-Wv.
ap-n-cn-bp-sS \-K-cw \m-kn-Iv. Hm-d-p-I-fp-sS \-K-cw \m-Kv]q.
h-m-en-s\-tm-se, F-tm-sem-t-j X-zw {]-tbmP-\-s-Sp-p- k-ap-{Z k-kv-X-\--fm-Wv Xn-anw-Kn-e-hpw
tUm-^n-\pw.
Xn-anw-Kn-e-s-tm-se, i-co-c-n - F- sIm-gpp-]m-fn-bp- Po-hn-bm-Wv {[p-h--c-Sn.
1903. ]p-cp-j-kq- G-Xp th-Z-n-s `m-K-am-Wv- E-tKz-Zw
1904. H-n-e-[n-Iw cm-Py--fp-sS {]-Y-a h-\n-X ]-Z-a-e--cn- G-I h\n-X-bm-Wv t{K- am-tj. A-Xn H-cp cm-Pyw sam-kmw-_nm-Wv. a-t cm-Py-ta-Xv--Z-n-Wm-{^n-
1905. 874 Zn-h-kw sIm-v a-lm-`m-c-Xw a-e-bm-f-n-te-v ]-cn-`m-js-Sp-n-b-Xv- sIm-Sp--q Ip-n-p- X-p-cm
1906. ]p-I-h-en B-tcm-Ky-n-\p lm-\n-I-cw F-v kn-K-c-p-I-h-dn
tc-J-s-Sp-n-b B-Zy cm-Pyw- bp.F-kv.F.
1907. B-Zy-am-bn I-p-]n-Sn- Bn _-tbm-n-Iv Hu-j-[w- s]-\nsk-en
1908. ^m-cn-Zn-\v sj-jm F- _n-cp-Zw \-In-b, _o-lm-dn-se `-cWm-[n-Im-cn- _-l-Jm tem-lm-\n
1909. ]p-cp-j-am am-{Xw ssI-Im-cyw sN-p- tI-c-fo-b hm-Zy-kwKo-Xw- tkm-]m-\-kw-Ko-Xw
1910. ^m-t A-hm-Upw `m-c-X-c-Xv-\-hpw t\-Sn-b {]-Y-a hy-n-
k-Xy-Pn-Xv td
1911. hn-j--fp-sS cm-Pm-hv F-p hn-ti-jn--s-Sp--Xv- B-gv-sk\n-Iv
1912. ]--{io t\-Sn-b B-Zy-s a-e-bm-fn Im-bn-I Xm-cw- ]n.Sn. Dj
1913. {io-`-m-c-I F--dn-b-s--Xv- N--n-kzm-an-I
1914. Xn-cp--sIm-n-bn a-{n-bm-b \-thm-m-\ \m-b-I- k-tlmZ-c A--
1915. _mw-q-cn-epw sIm---bn-epw ]T-\w \-S-m Ip-am-c-\mim-\v km--n-I k-lm-bw \-In-b-Xv- tUm.]-]p
1916. kzm-an hn-th-Im-\--\v tI-c-f k--i-\-th-f-bn Nn-p-{Z-sbp-dn-v Xr-]v-Xn-I-c-am-b hn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww-\-In-b-Xv- N--n kzman-I
1917. {io-\m-cm-bW
- K
- p-cp-hn-s A-hk
- m-\s
- k-\ym-ki
- n-jy- B\--Xo-Y kzm-an-I
1918. ]-tm-fn F-Iv-kv-{]-kv F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- ]n.Sn.D-j
1919. ]-{- io, ]-`
- q-j, ]-h
- n-`q-j, `m-cX
- c
- X
- v\
- w F-n-ht- \Sn-b B-Zy hy-n- k-Xy-Pn-Xv td
1920. ]n-n-v _w-m-tZ-in-se-p-tm Kw-K F-p-t]-cn-e-dn-b-sSp-p- ]-Zv-a
1921. ]-tbm-dn-b _m-[n-p- A-h-b-hw- tam-W
1922. ]-p-cm-W--fn- X-a-k- F-- t]-cn- A-dn-b-s-Sp-- \-Zn- tSm-kv1923. ]p-ssc-Sv-Nn X-sse-h F--dn-b-s--Xv--Fw.Pn. cm-a-N-{
1924. B--am \n-tm-_m Zzo-]p-I ]n-Sn--S-n-b-tm kp-`mjv N-{-t_m-kv \-In-b t]-cv- j-lo-Zv kz-cm-Pv Zzo-]p-I
1925. ]q--fp-sS Xm-gv-h-c G-Xp kw-m-\-m-Wv- D--cm-J-Wv-Uv
1926. in-em-en-Jn-X--fn-eq-sS X-s B-i-b- P-\--p ]-I B-Zy `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn- A-tim-I
1927. ]p-jv-]n-m hn-f-hp Ip-d-bp- k-kyw- I-cn-v
1928. In-fn-m-p-{]-m-\-n-s D-]-m-Xm-hv- F-gp--
1929. ]q- h-K-n-se G--hpw h-ep-w Iq-Sn-b kzm-`m-hn-I Po-hn-
ssk-_o-cn-b I-Sp-h
Hm C- ym hm sa- t m- d n- b C- t m
F- p- t ]- c n- e - d n- b - s - S p- p- C- ym- t K- v
73
]- n- I - f p- s S cm- P m- h v F- - d n- b - s - S p- - X v ]- c p- v (Cu- K n)
74
CONFUSING FACTS
ku-c-bq-Y-n G--hpw ssZ-Lyw Iq-Sn-b Zn-\-cm-{X-fp- {K-lw ip-{I. G--hpw ssZ-Lyw Ip-d--Xv hym-gw
(9 a-Wn-q 55 an-\n-v).
Pp-\-K-Vv F- -ew Kp-P-dm-n-em-Wv. F-m Pp-\-KVv tIm- cm-P-m-\n-se _n-m-\n F- -e-m-Wv.
1588 cm-bv knw-Kv B-Wv C-Xv ]-Wn-I-gn-n--Xv.
tZ-io-b im-kv-{X-Zn-\w (National Science Day)^n-{_-h-cn
28 B-Wv . sa-bv 11 B-Wv tZ-io-b km-t-Xn-I-hn-Zym-Zn-\w
(National Technology Day).
2010. C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s h-\n-Xm s]m-eo-kv t-j- tIm-gntm-Sv
2011. ]-X-bp- tkm-^v-v {Un-p-I-fn A-S-n-bn-cn-p--Xv- Imt_m-Wn-Iv B-kn-Uv
2012. G-Xv cm-Py-n-s tZ-io-b Im-bn-I hn-t\m-Z-am-Wv _-kv-Im-jn-A-^v-Km-\n-kv-Xm
2013. ]q-W-am-bpw C-y-bn \n-an- B-Zy-s bm-{Xm-hn-am-\w-
k-ck
- v
2014. D-]-Zzo-]p-I-fp-sS D-]-Zzo-]v F--dn-b-s-Sp- `q-J-Wv-Uw- bq-tdmv
2015. ]-X-dm-sX ap-tm-v B-cp-sS B--I-Y-bm-Wv- sI.I-cp-Wm-Ic
2016. C-tm-sem-t-j D-]-tbm-Kn-v ]-d-p- Po-hn -h-m
2017. G--hpw I-n-Iq-Sn-b tXm-Sp- ap--bn-Sp- ]-n--H--I--n
2018. Cw-o-jv Cu-n-ym---\n Z-n-tW-y-bn-se B-Zy-s
^m-Iv-S-dn B-cw-`n- -ew- a-kq-en-]--Ww
2019. B-{-]n-Xm-a-l F--dn-b-s--Xv- Ir-jv-W-tZ-h-cm-b
2020. c-mw tem-I-a-lm-bp--m-e-v t] lm-_ B-{I-an- cmPyw- P-m
2021. C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s P-e-ayq-kn-bw- Ip--aw-K-ew
2022. G--hpw Iq-Sp-X Hm-W-d-dn tUm-Iv-S-td-p-I e-`n- C-y
{]-kn-U v -F.]n.sP. A-_v-Zp I-emw
2023. G-Xv ap-K N-{I-h-n-bm-Wv U-m Io-g-S-p--Xn BZyw {i- sN-ep-n-b-Xv- A-Iv-_
2024. ]-Xm-Ib
- n `q-]S- w B-te-J\
- w sN-bvX
- n-p- cm-Py-- ssk{]-kv, sIm-tkm-thm
2025. ]p-cm-X-\ \-K-c-am-b t{Sm-bv-bp-sS A-h-in-jv-S- G-Xp cm-Pym-Wv- Xp-n
2026. I-hn-I-fp-sS ]n-Xm-hv F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- tlm-a
2027. tem-I-n-se G--hpw h-en-b c-m-a-s Zzo-]-k-aq-lw- ^nen-ss-kv
2028. {_n-o-jn-y-bp-sS th-\-m-e X-e-m-\-am-bn-cp- \-K-cw-
jnw-e
2029. B-n-fn A-S-n-bn-cn-p- B-kn-Uv- am-en-Iv B-kn-Uv
2030. G--hpw Iq-Sp-X hn-I-kn-X cm-jv-{S- D- h-I-c- bq-tdmv
2031. {_n-o-jp-Im- ]m-en-b---s\ sIm-n-bn-\n-v- \m-Sp-I-S-nb-Xv- G-Xv h-j-n- F.Un.1809
2032. G-h
- pw h-S
- m-bn n-Xn-sN-p- X-e
m-\a
- p- bq-tdm-]y
cm-Pyw--t\m-th
2033. tem-I-n-se G--hpw hn-kv-Xo-Ww Iq-Sn-b cm-Py-hpw hn-kvXo-Ww Ip-d- cm-Py-hpw n-Xn sN-p- h-I-c- bq-tdm-v
2034. ]n--f({_m-kv)bn-se L-S-I-tem-l-- sN-v, \m-Iw
2035. G--hpw I-\- t_mw-_n-Mn-\v hn-t[-b-am-bn-p- cm-Pyw- emthm-kv
2036. ]m-eq-p- ]-n F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- {]m-hv
2037. C-y s]m-fn-n-In-kn-s-bpw C--tWm-an-Iv-kn-s-bpw ]n-Xmhv- Zm-Zm-`m-bv \-h-tdm-Pn
2038. G--hpw hym-h-km-bn-I-am-bn ]p-tcm-K-Xn {]m-]n- B-{^n-
cm-Pyw- Z-n-Wm-{^n-
75
76
CONFUSING FACTS
A-h-km-\-s A-m-gw F- s]-bnnw-Kv h-c--Xv enbm-\m-tUm Um-hn-n-bm-Wv. ssa--em--tem-bm-Wv Ay-hn-[n c-Nn--Xv.
G--hpw Ip-d- {]m-b-n `m-c-X-c-Xv-\-bv-v A-l-\mb-Xv k-n sS-Up- (2013) 40 mw h-b-n. G-hpw Ip-d- {]m-b-n `m-c-X-c-Xv-\-bv-v A-l-X-t\-Snb- h\nX C-n-cm-Km-n (19171984)bm-Wv. 1971 _-lp-aXn e-`n-p-tm A-h-v 54 h-b-m-bn-cp-p.
C-y-bp-sS X- F- A-]-c-\m-a-n-e-dn-b-s--Xv Aao Jp-{kp B-Wv. C-y-bp-sS hm-\-m-Sn F-p hn-fn-Xv k-tcm-Pn-\n \m-bn-Up-hn-s\-bm-Wv.
2141. Jn-Pn hw-i-n-se G--hpw {]-kn--\m-b cm-Pm-hv- A-em-hpo Jn-Pn
2142. _p-s
- \ G-jy-bp-sS sh-fn-w F-p hn-ti-jn-n-X
- v- F-Uzn
B-t\m-Uv
2143. C-y-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b X-Sm-Iw- Nn-
2144. tem- I - a - l m- b p- - - p {]- [ m- \ - t h- Z n- b m- b h- I - c -
bq-tdm-v
2145. C-y-bn B-Zy-s k-h-I-em-im-e \n-e-hn-h- h-jw 1857
2146. C-y-bn-se G--hpw hn-kv-Xo-Ww Iq-Sn-b Pn-- e-Um-v (Bm-\w--te)
2147. tI- c - f \n- b - a - k - ` - b n _- U v - P - v A- h - X - c n- n- p- - X v -
[-\-a-{n
2148. tem-I-n-se G--hpw h-en-b Hm-^o-kv a-n-cw- s]-K
2149. B-Zy I-Wm-Sn-Iv bp-w A-h-km-\n-n- k-\v-[n- A-bn-Iv-kv-em Nm-t
2150. _p--s _m-ey-Im-e-\m-aw- kn-m-Y
2151. C-y-bp-sS tZ-io-b-hr-w- B
2152. \m-emw _p-Zv-[-a-X k-t-f-\-n A-[y--X h-ln--Xv- hkp-an-{X
2153. _m-_ F-hn-sS-h-m-Wv A--cn--Xv- B-{K
2154. C-y-bp-sS X-]m m-n-epw \m-W-b-n-epw C-Sw ]n-Sn-
B-Zy tI-c-fo-b -{io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp
2155. _m-_-dp-sS i-h-Ip-So-cw C-tm F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- Im-_q
2156. A-Sn-a, ssk-\n-I, a-{n, cm-Pm-hv C-h-sb-m-am-bn-cp- sUln kp-m- _m-_
2157. am-am-s
- -p-dn-v hn-iZ- a
- m-bn {]-Xn-]m-Zn-p- Ir-Xn-bm-Wv amam-w In-fn-m-v. C-Xv c-Nn--Xm-cv- Im-Sm-t-cn \-q-Xn-cn
2158. \m-ev B-cy-k-Xy- G-Xp a-X-hp-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p-
_p-a
- X
- w
2159. 1931 s^-{_p-h-cn 27\v A-e-lm-_m-Zn-se B-{^-Uv ]m-nsh-v t]m-eo-kp-Im-tcm-tS-p-ap-n a-cn- hn-h
- I
- m-cn- N-{-ti-J
B-km-Zv
2160. C-y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn, cq-]-bp-sS ap-Km-an-sb A-h-X-cn-n- `-cWm-[n-Im-cn- sj-jm
2161. \m-j-W A-m-Z-an Hm-^v A-Uv-an-\n-kv-t{S-j F-hn-sS-bmWv- a-kq-dn
2162. ]p--{]--h-b-em k-a-c-Im-e-v Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq Zn-hm-
kn.]n.cm-a-kzm-an A-
2163. `m-c-X-c-Xv-\-bv-v A-l-bm-b {]-Y-a-h-\n-X C-n-cm-Km-n
2164. ]-Wv-Un-v I-dp--\v hn-Zzm _-lp-a-Xn \-In-b-Xv- tI-c-f-h-a
h-en-b-tIm-bn--p-cm
2165. A--m-fn A--cn- h-jw- 1941
2166. hn-Zym-t]m-jn-Wn F- kw-LS- \
- m-]n-X
- v- k-tlm-Zc
- A-
2167. {io-\m-cm-bW
- -Kp-cp c-Nn- \-ha
- R
- vP
- c
- n B-m-Wv k-a-n-n-cnp--Xv- N--n kzm-an-I-v
2168. N--n-kzm-an-I-fp-sS sN-dp--n-se Hm-a-\-t-cv- Ip- (bYm-Y t]-cv A--)
2169.
2170.
2171.
2172.
2173.
2174.
2175.
2176.
2177.
2178.
2179.
2180.
2181.
2182.
2183.
2184.
2185.
2186.
2187.
2188.
2189.
2190.
2191.
2192.
2193.
2194.
2195.
2196.
2197.
2198.
2199.
2200.
2201.
2202.
2203.
2204.
2205.
2206.
2207.
2208.
77
2229. \n-jv-{In-b hm-X-I- A-Y-hm Ip-eo-\ hm-X-I- F--dn-bs-Sp- 6 F-w- lo-en-bw. \n-tbm,B-K, {In-]vtm,kn-t\m,dm-tUm
2230. a-w (\yq-n-b-kv) I-p-]n-Sn--Xv- tdm-_-v {_u
2231. A-a-\m-Yn-se B-cm-[-\m-aq-n- in-h
2232. A-ta-cn-b
- n-se kp-h-Wk
- w-m-\w F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp-X
- v- Imen-t^m-Wn-b
2233. {Iq-v-kv m-kv F-n-s\ {]-Xn-tcm-[n-m D-]-tbm-Kn-p-p-
A-{Sm-h-b-e-v In-c-Ww
2234. \n-b-a-kw-hn-[m-\-n-s Cu-n-w F--dn-b-s-Sp- ]p-cm-X-\
\-K-cw- tdmw
2235. \n--l-I-c-W {]-m-\w ]n-h-en-m Km-n-Pn-sb t{]-cnn- kw-`-hw- Nu-cn--Nu-cm kw-`-hw(1922)
2236. Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se \n-h--\ {]-tm-`-W-n-s {]-[m-\t\-Xm-- F.hn.tPm-k-^v, kn.tI-i-h, ]n.sI.Ip-v
2237. \n-ln-en-kw F- hm-v cq-]-s-Sp-n-b-Xv- C-hm S-P-t\-hv
2238. ]m-e-sa v k-t-fn-m--tm {]-kn-U v ]p-d-s-Sp-hn-p D--c-hv- Hm-Un-\-kv
2239. ]-cn-n-Xn kw-c--W-s kq-Nn-n-p- \n-dw- ]-
2240. C-y-bn _m-p-I-fp-sS tZ-i-km--c-Ww \-S- h-j- 1969,1980
2241. \n-tm-_m Zzo-]p-I-tfm-Sv G--hpw A-Sp-m-bn n-Xn sN-p cm-Pyw- C-sm-\o-jy
2242. {Ko ]m-v t-Un-bw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- -Im-]q
2243. tI-c-f \n-b-a-k-`-sb A-`n-kw-t_m-[-\ sN-bv-X B-Zy {]-knU v -sI.B.\m-cm-b-W
2244. \n-h--\-{]-tm-`-W-n ]-s-Sp- k-ap-Zm-b-- Cug-h, {In-kv-Xym-\n-I, ap-n-
2245. {]m-No-\ tI-c-f-n ar-Xm-h-in-jv-S- A-S-w sN-bv-Xn-cp-Xv- \--m-Sn-I-fn
2246. C-y-bn {^-p-`-c-W-n-\v A-yw Ip-dn- bp-w- hm-nhm-jv
2247. {Ko-kn-\pw Xp-n-p-an-S-bv-p- a-[y-[-c-Wym-gn-bp-sS `m-Kw
A-dn-b-s-Sp- t]-cv- Cu-Pn-b I-S
2248. tI-c-f \n-b-a-k-`-sb A-`n-kw-t_m-[-\ sN-bv-X B-Zy {]-[m-\a-{n- P-hm-l-em s\-{lp
2249. G--hpw Iq-Sp-X I-S-o-c-ap- C-y kw-m-\w- Kp-Pdm-v
2250. \m-j-W- C-kv-n-yq-v- Hm-^v- dq-d- sU-h-e-]v-sa-dv- F-hn-sSbm-Wv- - ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zn
2251. \n-d--fp-sS D-k-hw F--dn-b-s-Sp- B-tLm-jw- tlm-fn
2252. {Iq-Uv Hm-bn-en-\n-v hn-hn-[ s]-t{Sm-fn-bw D-]-- thXn-cn-s-Sp-p- {]-{In-b- {^m--W Un-n-te-j
2253. \m-j-W- dn-tam-v- sk-kn-Mv- G-P-kn-bp-sS B-kv-Ym-\w- Fhn-sS-bm-Wv- - - ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zn2254. {Sq-jy- kv-t-p-I- F- t]-cn- A-dn-b-s-n-cp-- `q-hn-`m-Kn-s-d- C-tm-g-s- t]-cv- --bp-ssW--Uv- A-d-_v- F-an-td-v-kv2255. \n-b-a-hn-cp--am-b \-S-]-Sn-I I-m kz-bw tI-sk-Sp-m
a-Pn-kv-t{S-n-\v A-[n-Im-cw \-Ip- h-Ip-v- kp-thm-tam-tm
2256. ]-cn-Wm-a-{]-{In-b-bn-se A-h-km-\-s P-p hn-`m-Kw- k-kvX-\n-I
2257. H-c--ew \-in-m A-{X-bpw A--hn-izm-kw \-in-pw F-
hn-hm-Z-{]-kv-Xm-h-\ \-S-n-b t\-Xm-hv- kn.tI-i-h
2258. C-\n \-ap-v A--e--p Xo sIm-fp-mw F- e-Lp-teJ-bp-am-bn _--s- km-aq-ln-I ]-cn-jv-I-m-hv- hn.Sn.`-Xn-cn-m-Sv
2259. {_--{io {io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-s Po-h-N-cn-{X-kw-{K-lw c-Nn-Xv- Ip-am-c\
- m-im
2260. Ip-am-c\
- m-im-s\ hn-h
-
- n-s I-hn F-p hn-ti-jn-n-X
- v- Xmbm-v i--c
2261. \n-b-a-k-`m-[y-, ap-Jy-a-{n, K-h-W F-o ]-Z-hn-I-fn-sen-b a-e-bm-fn- F.sP.tPm
2262. ]--\w-Xn- Pn--bn-se {]-kn--am-b \m-S-I-em-cq-]w- ]-S-bWn
78
CONFUSING FACTS
Koala bp-sS C-jv-S-`--Ww bq-m-en-]v--kv C-e-I-fm-Wv.
Pn-dm-^n-\p {]n-bw A-t-jy-bn-e-I-fm-Wv.
a-y--sf im-kv-{Xo-b-am-bn h-f-p- co-Xn-bm-Wv ]nkn-I-. a-y--sf-p-dn-p- ]T-\-am-Wv C-n-tbmf-Pn.
au-em-\m A-_p I-emw B-km-Zn-s P--Zn-\-am-b \hw-_ 11 tZ-io-b hn-Zym-`ym-k Zn-\-am-bpw (National Education Day)tUm. km-enw A-en-bp-sS P--Zn-\-am-b \-hw_ 12 tZ-io-b ]-n Zn-\-am-bpw (National Bird Day)BN-cn-p-p. ]n.kn. a-le
- t- \m-_n-kn-s P-Z- n-\a
- m-b Pq
29 m-n-n-Iv-kv Zn-\-am-bn B-N-cn-p-p.
2263. ]-Xn-aq-mw \q-m-n A-kw
Io-g-S-n-b A-tlmw hw-i-P `c-W-n-\m-bn \n-tbm-Kn- ssht{km-bn-am- `--am
2264. \m- j - W F- h - t bm- s as F-n-\o-b-dn-Mv dn-k-v
C-n-yq-v F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- \mKv]
- q
2265. G-Xv- Kp-]X
v- c
- m-Pm-hn-s-d k-Z
- ns\-bm-Wv- \-hc
- X
- v\
-
- - A-e
- cn-n-cp-X
- v- N
- {- -Kp-]vX
- - c-ma2266. ]-h-X--sf-p-dn-p- ]T-\w- G- - h pw- Iq- S p- X - Im- e w Hm-tdm-f-Pn
tI- c - f w- `- c n- ap- J y- a - { n-
2267. _o-lm-dn-s-d- Zpx-Jw- F--dn-bC sI \m- b - \ ms-Sp-- \-Zn- tIm-kn2268. tI-cf
- \n-ba
- k
- `- b
- n-te-v G-h
- pw Iq-Sp-X {]m-hi
- yw Xn-cs
- Sp--s- h-\n-X -sI.B.Ku-cn-b-
2269. H-km-a _n em-Z G-Xp \m-p-Im-c- ku-Zn A-td-_y
2270. hm- Kym-kv F-n-s-sbm-s an-{in-X-am-Wv- ssl-{U-P,
Im-_ tam-tWm-Iv-ssk-Uv
2271. _o-P-Iv c-Nn--Xv- I-_o
2272. _p-[ F-{X Zn-h-kw-sIm-m-Wv kq-cy-s\ {]-Z-n-Ww sNp--Xv- 88
2273. G-jy-bn-se- G--hpw- \o-fw- Iq-Sn-b- \-Zn- bm-Mv-kn- In-bm-Mv2274. _p- k-m-\w c-p {]m-h-iyw t\-Sn-b B-Zy hy-n-
sP.Fw.Iq-v-tk
2275. {Ko-p tZ-h-s t]-cp- G-I {K-lw--bp-dm-\-kv
2276. t-{X--fp-sS D-S-a--X-bn-ep-m-bn-cp- `q-an-bp-sS t]-cv- tZh-kzw
2277. {Um-p-f t\m-h-en-\p ]-m--e-am-b Im-m-n-b a-e-\nc-I G-Xv cm-Py-m-Wv- sdm-am-\n-b ,sm-hm-Iy, t]m-f-v
F-o cm-Py--fn
2278. {Xn-]p-c kw-m-\-hp-am-bn A-Xn-n ]-n-Sp- cm-Pyw- _wm-tZ-iv
2279. _o-lm Km-n- F--dn-b-s--Xv- cm-tP-{-{]-km-Zv2280. _p- B-Zy-am-bn a-X-{]-`m-j-Ww \-S-n-b km-c-\m-Yv G-Xp
kw-m-\-v- D- {]-tZ-iv
2281. \o--p-f- A-Wp-hn-ap--am-m D-]-tbm-Kn-p- hmX-Iw- tm-dn
2282. A-e-p-Im-c-n-s cm-k-\m-aw- tkm-Un-bw Im-_-tW-v
2283. A-e-am-n Umw G-Xv \-Zn-bn-em-Wv- Ir-jv-W
2284. ^-t-]q kn-{In-bp-sS I-hm-Sw- _p-e-v Z-hm-k
2285. ^v-fo-v kv-{So-v G-Xp \-K-c-n-em-Wv e-
2286. Iw-]yq--dn-s\ kw-_-\n-[n-n-S-tm-fw hn-h-c-ti-J-c-W-n-s
G--hpw sN-dn-b L-S-Iw- ss_-v
2287. k-am-[m-\ s\m-t_ k-m-\-Zm-\w \-S-p- \-K-cw- Hm-kvtem
10
79
80
CONFUSING FACTS
Fw.hn-tiz-iz-c--bp-sS P--Zn-\-am-b sk-]v-Xw-_ 15 BWv C-y-bn F-n-\o-tb-gv-kv Zn-\-am-bn B-N-cn-p-Xv. tUm._n-[m N-{ tdm-bn-bp-sS P--Zn-\-am-b Pq-em-bv
H-v B-Wv tUm-Iv-tS-gv-kv Zn-\-am-bn B-N-cn-p--Xv.
D-c-K--sf-p-dn-p- ]T-\-am-Wv sl--tm-f-Pn. ]m-pI-sf-p-dn-p- ]T-\w Hm-^n-tbm-f-Pn.
N-cn-{X-n-s ]n-Xm-sh--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv {Ko-v ]-Wv-UnX-\m-b sl-tdm-tUm--kv (_n.kn.484425) B-Wv . Atem--Xn-bp-sS ]n-Xm-sh--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv {Ko-v `n-j-Kz-c\m-b ln-tm-{Im--kv B-Wv. B-[p-\n-I N-cn-{X-n-s
]n-Xm-hv F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv en-tbm-t]m-Uv thm dms B-Wv.
2391. Z-n-W {[p-hw n-Xn-sN-p- h-I-c--Am-n-
2392. t{_m-Uv _m-Uv C-s\-v A-Iv-k-kv \n-b-a-]-c-am-b A-h-Imi-am-n-b B-Zy cm-Pyw- ^n-e-Uv
2393. Z-n-W ssN-\m--S G-Xv Zzo-]n-s `m-K-am-Wv--]-k-^n-Iv kap-{Zw
2394. B-Zy- A-ta-cn-- {]-kn-U-v- tPm-Pv- hm-jn-Mv-S2395. C-y-bn-se [m-Xp ]-cy-th-j-W-n-\v Np-a-X-e-s-Sp-n-bn-p k-m m-]-\w- Pn-tbm-f-Pn- k-th Hm-^v C-y
2396. C-y-bn-se \-Zn-I-fn G--hpw A-]-I-S-Im-cn-sb-p hn-ti-jnn--s-Sp--Xv- tIm-kn
2397. C-y-bn \-Zn-bn-ep- G--hpw \o-fw-Iq-Sn-b ]m-e-am-b a-lmm-Km-n tk-Xp (5575 ao.)F-hn-sS-bm-Wv -]m-v-\
2398. G-Xp cm-jv-{S-]-Xn-bm-Wv B m-\-s-pw-ap-v tI-c-f K-hW-dm-bn tk-h-\-a-\p-jvTn-n-p--Xv- hn.hn.Kn-cn
2399. A-m ssh-Ip-WvT-cp-sS _m-ey-Im-e-\m-aw- ap-p-p-n
2400. h-w au-e-hn A--cn- h-jw- 1932
2401. {_-m-\--in-h-tbm-Kn-bp-sS b-Ym-Y t]-cv- Im-cm-v tKm-hn-Ip-n-ta-t\m
2402. 1928 bp-n-hm-Zn am-kn-I-bp-sS ]-{Xm-[n-]-cm-b-Xv- k-tlm-Zc A--
2403. Ip-am-c-\m-im F-hn-sS h-m-Wv ho-W-]q-hv c-Nn--Xv- ssP-\nta-Sv
2404. C-y-bn ]m-gv-kn-I B-Zy-am-bn Xm-h-f-a-Sn- -ew- kmw
2405. I-S-en-se Zq-cw A-f-m-\p- G-I-Iw- t\m-n- ssa
2406. C-y-bn \n-e--S-e K-th-j-W-tI-{w F-hn-sS n-Xn sNp-p- Pp-\-K-Vv
2407. F-m cm-K--fpw hm-bn-m I-gn-bp- C-y kw-Ko-tXm-]I-c-Ww- km-cw-Kn
2408. I-c-bm-sX I-o-scm-gp-p- Po-hn- ko
2409. tI-p-I-fp-sS \m-Sv F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw- kv-tIm-Sv-e-Uv
2410. B-Zy H-fn-n-Iv sK-bnw-kv \-S--Xv- _n.kn.776
2411. tI-c-f \n-b-a-k-`-bp-sS N-cn-{X-n-se ]m-km-b G-I A-hn-izmk {]-ta-bw A-h-X-cn-n--Xv- ]n.sI.Ip-v
2412. B-Zy tem-I-I-v ^p-Sv-t_m-fn-se B-Zy tKm t\-Sn-b {^-pXm-cw- eq-kn-b tem-d-Mv
2413. Hm--td-j q m k-a-b-v I-c-tk-\m--e-h-\m-bn-cp--Xv P-\-d F.F-kv ssh-Zy
2414. tI-c-f {]-kv A-m-Z-an-bp-sS B-m-\w- Im--\m-Sv
2415. G-Xp t\-Xm-hn-s D-]-tZ-i-{]-Im-c-am-Wv sI.tI-f- Kp-cp-hmbq-cn-se k-Xym-{K-lw A-h-km-\n-n--Xv- Km-\v-[n-Pn
2416. in-h-Pn-sb kzm-[o-\n-p-I-bpw B-bp-[m-`ym-kw ]-cn-io-en-n-pI-bpw sN-bv-X {_m--W- Zm-Zm-Pn sIm--tZ-hv
2417. G-Xv- \-Zn-bp-sS- Xo-c-m-Wv- Cu-^- S-h- sk-bv2418. G-Xv \-Zn-bp-sS t]m-j-I-\-Zn-bm-Wv tem-ln-Xv {_-lv-a-]p-{X
2419. G-Xp t]-cn-em-Wv kp-`m-jv N-{-t_m-kv th-j-{]---\m-bn Cy-bn-\n-p I-S--Xv- au-e-hn kn-bm-hp-o
10
81
82
CONFUSING
FACTS
CONFUSING FACTS
P-bv P-hm, P-bv In-km F- ap-{Zm-hm-Iy-n-s D-]m-Xm-hv em _-lm-Zq im-kv-{Xn-bm-Wv. A-S _nlm-cn hm-Pv-t]-bn-bm-Wv P-bv P-hm, P-bv In-km, P-bv
hn-m F- ap-{Zm-hm-Iyw B-hn-jv-I-cn--Xv.
_p--a-X-n-se a-lm-bm-\ hn-`m-K-am-Wv C-y-bn A-`nhr-n {]m-]n--Xv. A-b cm-Py--fn lo-\-bm-\-hpw.
\m-j-W C-n-yq-v Hm-^v dq-d U-h-e-]v-sa v ssl-Zcm-_m-Zn-em-Wv. tI-c-f-n-se t-v C-n-yq-v Hm-^v dqd U-h-e-]v-sa v sIm-m-c--c-bn-em-Wv.
\yq-a-tdm-f-Pn kw-Jy-I-sf-p-dn-p- ]T-\-am-Wv. \yq-tdm-fPn \m-Uo-hyq-l-s-p-dn-p- ]T-\-am-Wv.
2528. Nn-cn-p- a-yw F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- tUm-^n
2529. km-{^m-kn-kv-tIm-bn K- ]m-n-p cq-]w \-In-b-Xv-
em-em l-Z-bm
2530. Nn-cn-n-p- hm-X-Iw (em-^n-Mv Kym-kv) F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv-
ss\-{S-kv Hm-Iv-ssk-Uv
2531. cm-jv-{So-bm-[n-Im-cw tXm-n-Ip-g-en-eq-sS F-p ]-d- t\Xm-hv- am-thm tk-Xp-Mv
2532. In-g- ]m-In-kv-Xm _w-m-tZ-iv F- kz-X-{-cm-Py-am-bno- h-jw- 1971
2533. km-^v sK-bnw-kn-s ]p-Xn-b t]-cv- ku-v G-jy sK-bnwkv
2534. In-g-n-s ]-dp-Zo-k F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- tKm-h
2535. In-g-n-s ap-v F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw- {io-e-
2536. km-{am-Py-n-s A-Xn-n a-t[y-jy h-sc hym-]n-n- C-y
`-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn- I-\n-jv-I
2537. in-h-Ip-am i-a-bp-am-bn _--s- kw-Ko-tXm-]-I-c-Ww- kq
2538. C-y-bv-p sh-fn-bn I-_-d-S--s- ap-K N-{I-h-n-am _m-_-dpw P-lmw-Ko-dpw
2539. im-k{v- X--am-cp-sS h-Ic
- F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp-X
- v- A
- m-n-
2540. In-g-n-s sh-\o-kv- F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv--B-e-p-g
2541. C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s X-]m m-v (kn-v [m-v) ]p-dn-d--s- \-K-cw- I-dm-n
2542. C-e-Iv-{Sn-Iv ]-h A-f-p--Xn-\v D-]-tbm-Kn-p- bq-Wn-v- hmv
2543. c-k-X-{-n-\pw k-am-[m-\-n-\pw s\m-t_ k-m-\w t\Sn-b hy-n- en-\-kv t]m-fn-Mv
2544. Im-fn-Zm-k k-m-\w \-Ip--Xv G-Xv kw-m-\ k-m-cmWv- a-[y-{]-tZ-iv
2545. km-h-{Xn-I em-b-Iw F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- P-ew
2546. In-g- ]m-In-kv-Xm-\v _w-Kv-fm-tZ-si--t]-cn kz-X-{-cm-Pyam-bn-o-cm-\m-h-iy-am-b k-lm-b- \-In-b C-y {][m-\-a-{n- C-n-cm-Km-n
2547. km-n-s B-Zy D--tIm-Sn-p-th-Zn-bm-b-Xv- [m-
2548. In-g-n-s Hm-Iv-kv-^-Uv F--dn-b-s-Sp- C-y \-K-cw- ]qs\
2549. -in-h-Kn-cn-v B t]-cp \-In-b-Xv--{io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp
2550. Ip--_v-an-\m-dn-s \n-am-Ww ]q-n-bm-n-b-Xv- C-p-anjv
2551. C-y-bv-p-sh-fn-bn-h-v A--cn- G-I {]-[m-\-a-{n- em
_-lm-Zq-im-kv-{Xn
2552. In-g- bq-tdm-n-se tkm-hn-b-v ta-[m-hn-Xzw D-t-in-v Ab I- F- {]-tbm-Kw B-Zy-am-bn \-S-n-b-Xm-cv--k
hn- N-n
2553. C-y-bv-p-th-n {_n-o-jv ]m-e-sa v ]m-km-n-b A-h-km\-s \n-b-aw- C-y C-Un-s]-U-kv B-Iv-Sv
2554. km-m-{Iq-kv hn-am-\-m-h-fw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- apw-ss_
2555. Im-c-n [m-cm-f-am-bn A-S-n-bn-cn-p- hn-m-an- Po-h-Iw
F
2556. ssl-{U-P, lo-en-bw F-o-h I-gn-m {]-]--n G-hpw Iq-Sp-X-ep- aq-e-Iw- Hm-Iv-kn-P
2557. Im-d am-Iv-kn-s\ a-d-hp-sN-bv-X -ew- e-
2558. km--c-X G--hpw Ip-d-, tI-c-f-n-se Pn-- ]m-e-m-Sv
2559. In-gm-s\-n G-Xv tcm-K-n-s\-Xn-cm-b Hu-j-[-am-Wv- a--nw
2560. km-v te-v t-Un-bw (^p-Sv-t_m) F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- sIm-
2561. in-h-k-ap-{Zw, {io-cw-Kw F-o Zzo-]p-I G-Xv \-Zn-bn-em-Wv--Imth-cn
2562. km-n kv-Xq-]w G-Xp kw-m-\-m-Wv- a-[y-{]-tZ-iv
2563. tdm-t_m-v F- hm-v B-Zy-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kn--Xv- Im sNt-v
2564. in-h-Pn \-S-m-n-b {]-[m-\ \n-Ip-Xn-I- Nu-Xv, k-tZ-iv-ap-Jn
2565. km-n-kv-Xq-]w \n-an--Xv- A-tim-I
2566. km-n-s B-m-\w- ImTv-a-Wv-Up
2567. Ip- m- e n- \ m- e m- a - s \- t ]m- p- K o- k p- I m- - h - [ n- - h - j w- F.Un.1600
2568. Ip--_v-o sF-_-n-s i-h-Ip-So-cw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv -emtlm
2569. C-bm ^v-sf-an-Mn-s B-Zy t\m-h- Im-kn-t\m tdm-b
2570. 11 Hm-kv-Im-dp-I In-n-b Nn-{X-- s_-l, ssS-m-\n-Iv,
tem-Uv Hm-^v Z dn-Mv-kv
2571. im- k-ap-{Z-s-bpw A-Xv-emn-Iv k-ap-{Z-s-bpw _-n-np- I-\m- ]-\m-a I-\m
2572. ]--bpw Np-h-pw tN-m e-`n-p- h-Ww- a-
2573. bp-td-\n-bw B-Zy-am-bn th-Xn-cn--Xv- bp-Pn s]-en-tKm-v
2574. {]-kn--am-b hm kv-{So-v F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- \yq-tbm-v
2575. B-cp-sS A-]-c-\m-a-am-Wv I-sse---I-cp-Wm-\n-[n
2576. {]-kn--am-b sK-n-kv-_-Kv {]-kw-Kw \-S-n-b-Xv- F-{_-lmw
en-
2577. `m-c-Xo-b P-\-kw-L-n-s m-]-I- iym-a-{]-km-Zv ap-JPn
2578. 1924 ssh--p-\n-v Xn-cp-h-\--]p-c-t-v k-h-W-Pm-Ybv-v t\-Xr-Xzw \-In-b-Xv- a--v ]-Zv-a-\m-`
2579. B-{^n--bn-se G--hpw D-b-cw Iq-Sn-b sIm-Sp-ap-Sn- In-fn-a-mtcm (Xm-km-\n-b)
2580. `m-c-Xv `-h F- a-n B-v sk n-Xn-sN-p- \-K-cw t`m-m
2581. {In--n-s sa- F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- e--\n-se tem-Uv-kv
t-Un-bw
2582. A-Xy-[n-Iw Xm-gv- Du-jv-am-hn-s\-p-dn-p- ]T-\w- {I-tbmP-\n-Iv-kv
2583. ayq-d ]-tKm-U F-p hn-ti-jn-n--s-Sp- sIm-m-cw- ]-Zv-a\m-`-]p-cw
2584. I-c-bn-se I-ti-cp-In-I-fn G--hpw h-en-b I-p- Po-hn- H-I--n
2585. tI-c-f \n-b-a-k-`-bn-te-v B-Zy D-]-Xn-c-s-Sp-v \-S- a-WvU-ew- tZ-hn-Ip-fw
2586. Hm- Xp--en-s D-]-m-Xm-hv- Ip- \-ym
2587. tI-c-f \n-b-a-k-`m-kv-]o- ]-Z-hn kz-X-{mw-K-sa- \n-e-bn
h-ln- G-I hy-n- kn.F-v.ap-l--Zv tIm-b
2588. I-eym-Wn F.Un.973 ]-n-a Nm-eq-Iy-hw-iw m-]n--Xv ssX-e
2589. B-cp-sS a-{n-k-`-bm-bn-cp-p A-jv-S-{]-[m- in-h-Pn
2590. C-y-bn G--hpw Iq-Sp-X I-p-Im-en-I D- kw-m-\w D- {]-tZ-iv
2591. kq-cy-s Xm-]w `q-an-bn-se-p--Xv- hn-In-c-Ww h-gn
2592. Kym-e-]v t]m- F- k-t-X-n-\p Xp-S-w Ip-dn--Xv G-Xp
cm-Py-m-Wv- bp.F-kv.F.
2593. kz-]v-\-irw-K--fp-sS \-K-cw- Hm-Iv-kv-t^m-Uv
2594. tem-I-s B-Zy sS-e-t^m F-Iv-kv-tN-v \n-e-hn-h-
cm-Pyw- bp.F-kv.F.
2595. s]m-fn-n- k-b-kn-s\ am- Hm-^v k-b-kv F-p hnfn--Xv- A-cn-tm-n
11
83
84
CONFUSING FACTS
Pmenbhmem_mKv Iqsmebvv t\XrXzw
\InbXv P\d UbdmWv. AXn\p {]XnImcambn
B kabv ]m_v KhWdmbncp ssa
HUbdns\ 1940 amv 13\v e\nhv DwknMv F
knpbphmhv shSnhpsImp.
KZyhpw ]Zyhpw CSIenbp kmlnXycq]amWv
Np. aebmfhpw kwkvIrXhpw CSIenbp
cN\mcoXnbmWv aWn{]hmfw.
tXSnbpsS IhmSw Ipafnbpw ssltdntep
IhmSw tImXaKehpamWv.
2656.
2657.
2658.
2659.
2660.
2661.
2662.
2663.
2664.
2665.
2666.
2667.
2668.
2669.
2670.
2671.
2672.
2673.
2674.
2675.
2676.
2677.
2678.
2679.
2680.
2681.
2682.
2683.
2684.
2685.
2686.
12
1946 sk-]v-Xw-_ c-n-\v A-[n-Im-c-ta- C-S-m-e a-{nk-`-bn D-]m-[y--\m-b P-hm-l-em s\-{lp D-ssS a-{n-am-cp-sS F-w
B-[m \--dn-\v F-{X-b---fm-Wp--Xv
ssP-\-a-X-{K---fm-b Aw-K- F-{X-sb--ap-v
Iw-]yq--dn-se ^-Mv-j Io-I-fp-sS F-w
Bw--Um-an-\n-v tlm-q-kv a-e-_m-dn--kv F-{X
thm-fy--fm-bn-m-Wv {]-kn-o-I-cn--Xv
G--hpw Im-em-h-[n Ip-d- tem-Iv-k-` (413 Zn-h-kw) F{Xm-at- -Xm-Wv
C-y-bn-se F-{Xm-a-s ta-P Xp-d-ap-J-am-Wv F-q
Hu-c-k-I I-ti-cp--fp-sS F-w
C-y ]m-e-sa v k-ap--b-n-\v F-{X I-hm-S--fpv
tKm-h, Zm-a, Zn-bp F-n-h tI-{ `-c-W {]-tZ-i-am-b-Xv
F-{Xm-a-s `-c-W-L-S-\m t`-Z-K-Xn-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv
tem-Iv-k-`-bn ko-tdm A-h B-cw-`n-p--Xv F-{X aWn-m-Wv
km-[m-c-W-am-bn H-cp t_m-Iv-knw-Kv a--c-n-s ssZLyw F-{X du-m-Wv
C-y-bn F-{X tPym-Xn-enw-K--fp-v
C-y-bn G--hpw Iq-Sp-X Im-ew {]-kn-U v ]-Z-hn
h-ln--Xv tUm. cm-tP-{-{]-km-Zm-Wv. G-I-tZ-iw F-{X Ime-am-Wv A-t-lw B ]-Z-hn h-ln--Xv
20122017 Im-e-b-fn-hn C-y-bn \-S-m-em-p--Xv F{Xm-a-s ]--h--c ]--Xn-bm-Wv
Hm-Sn (t{_m-kv) F-{X i-X-am-\-am-Wv Sn
2721. 1955\p ap-v t-v _m-v Hm-^v C-y-bp-sS t]-cv- Cw-]o-cn-b
_m-v
2722. H-mw Xm-t\-iz bp--n(1191) hn-P-bn--Xv- ]r-Yzn-cm-Pv Nulm
2723. h-c-bm-Sp-I-fp-sS kw-c--W-n-\v G-s-Sp-n-b tZ-io-tbm[ym-\w- C-c-hn-Ip-fw
2724. H-cp t\m-n- ssa F-{X ao--dn-\p Xp-ey-am-Wv- 1852
2725. Hm-kv-I-dn-\p _-Z-em-bn I-W-m--s-Sp- A-hm-Uv- C-Uns]-U v kv-]n-cn-v
2726. hn-m-an _n-12s im-kv-{X-\m-aw- k-b-t\m-tIm-_m-em-an
2727. hym-h-km-bn-I hn-]v-f-hw B-cw-`n- cm-Pyw- Cw--v
2728. I-q k-a-cw \-S- Pn-- Im-k-tIm-Sv
2729. i-n-tb-dn-b t{_-p--Xpw F-Pn C-m--Xp-am-b b-{w
F-v F-n-s\-p-dn-m-Wv P-hm-l-em s\-{lp ]-d--Xv-
1935 se K-h.Hm-^v C-ym B-Iv-Sv
2730. kv-sX-X-kv-tIm-v I-p-]n-Sn--Xv- sd-s\ sse-s\-Iv
2731. kw-L-Im-e-s G--hpw {]-[m-\-s- X-an-gv hym-I-c-W-{K-w tXm-m-n-bw
2732. C-n-cm-Km-n \m-j-W t^m-d-v A-m-Z-an F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-sU-dm-Uq
2733. C-S-a-e-bm ]--Xn G-Xp Pn--bn- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw
2734. C-n-cm-Km-n _m-p-I B-Zy-am-bn tZ-i-km-Xv-I-cn- h-jw-
1969
2735. P-lmw-Ko-dn-s B-Zy-Im-e-\m-aw- k-enw
2736. ln-v-e-dp-sS B--I-Y- sa-bv Imw-^v
2737. Nm-kv Un--kn-s F sS-bv Hm-^v Sp kn-o-kv F- t\mh-en-s ]-m--ew- {^-p hn--hw
2738. C-Sn-an--en-s \m-Sv F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw- `q-m
2739. Nn-en-bpw- C-Iz-tUm-dpw- H-gn-sI-bp-- F-m- sX-t- A-ta-cn-cm-Py--fp-am-bpw- A-Xn-n- ]-n-Sp-- cm-Pyw--{_-ko2740. P-\m-[n-]-Xy-n-s Im-h-\m-b F-p hn-ti-jn-n-p--Xmsc- ]-{X--sf
85
86
tNmZyw; Dcw
Acbmepw
t]cmepw
2804. C-y-bn 1946 sk-]v-Xw-_ c-n-\p cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn--s- CS-m-e a-{n-k-`-bp-sS D-]m-[y- ]-Z-hn h-ln--Xv- P-hm-lem s\-{lp
2805. C-y \m-hn-I tk-\-bp-sS B-m-\w- \yq-U-ln
2806. {]-bp- P-p-im-kv-{X-n-s (A-ss-Uv kp-thm-f-Pn) ]n-Xmhv- tIm-dm-Uv P-kv-\
2807. B-Zy-s km-^v sK-bnw-kv th-Zn- ImTv-a-Wv-Up
2808. s{^-jv-^p-Uv hn-m-an F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- hn-m-an kn
2809. A-ta-cn- kzm-X-{y-k-a-c-s kzm-[o-\n- A-n tSmwkv Iym-_n c-Nn--Xv- lm-cn-b-v _o- tm-hv
2810. a-e-bm-f-n-se B-Zy-s P-\-Io-b I-hn F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv Ip- \-ym
2811. C-y-m-c-\m-b B-Zy C-y {In--v Sow Iym-]v-- hn-P-bv
l-km-sc
2812. A-m {Zm-hn-U ap-t- I-g-Iw m-]n--Xm-cv- Fw.Pn. cm-a-N{
2813. a-e-bm-f-n-se B-Zy-s sa-Km-ln-v kn-\n-a- Po-hn-X-\u-I
2814. am--g--fn cm-Pm-hv F--dn-b-s-Sp- C-\w- A-t^mtkm
2815. A-m F--dn-b-s--Xv- kn.F.A-m-Zp-ssc
2816. am- Im- H-p-sh- -ew- d-n-ao-Uv
2817. am- Im--bn H-p-sh- cm-Pm-hv- tPm cm-Pm-hv
2818. _yq-t^m-v kv-sI-bn F--f-m-\m-Wv D-]-tbm-Kn-p--Xv-
Im-n-s th-Kw
2819. ap-K ta-tm-bv-a Aw-Ko-I-cn- B-Zy-s c-P-]p-{X cm-Pyw-
Bw-_
2820. a-e-bm-f-n-se B-Zy-s i-_v-Z-kn-\n-a- _m-e
2821. A-ta-cn- B-`y--c-bp--n h-S- kw-m-\--sf
\-bn--Xv- F-{_-lmw en-
2822. _-Z s\m-t_ k-m-\w F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- ssd-v ssehv-en-lp-Uv A-hm-Uv
2823. B-Zy-s k-c-kz-Xn k-m-\w e-`n--Xm-v- lcn-hw-ivdmbn
_
2824. bm-n-s\ Im-Wp--Xv G-Xv h-I-c-bn- G-jy
2825. ap-K in-ev-]-hn-Zy-bn \n-an- G--hpw D-Ir-jv-S-am-b a-ncw- Xm-Pv-a-l
2826. bm-N-I-cp-sS cm-P-Ip-am-c F--dn-b-s--Xv- a-Z tam-l am-fhy
2827. b-Mv C--en {]-m-\-s \-bn--h- Km-cn-_m-Un-bpw a-o\n-bpw
2828. A-p-sX-n- tIm- \n-an-m- B-n-- dm-Wn- Cw-ojp-Im-sc A-\p-h-Zn--Xv- G-Xv h-j-n- F.Un.1684
2829. a-\p-jy-t\-{X-n \n-d
- Xn-cn-d
- n-bm k-lm-bn-p- tImi--p ]-d-bp- t]-cv- tIm tIm-i-
2830. a-\p-jy-t\-{X-n {]-Xn-_nw-_w D-m-Ip- -ew- sd-n-\
2831. 1492- A-ta-cn--bn-se-n-b- B-Zy- bq-tdm-]y- \m-hn-I-
{In-kv--^- sIm-fw-_-kv2832. bm-an-\n Ir-jv-W-aq-n, cp-Iv-an-Wo-tZ-hn F-o-h G-Xv \r-cw-K-m-Wv {]-h-n--Xv- `-c-X-\m-Syw
2833. 1510 _o-Pm-q kp-m-\n-\n-v tKm-h ]n-Sn--S-m
A-_p--n-s\ k-lm-bn- {]m-tZ-in-I t\-Xm-hv- Xn--
2834. bp- F- sk-{I--dn- P-\-d-em-bn-cp-- Ip-v- hm-Uv- sslw- ]no-Sv- kz-cm-Py-v- {]-kn-U-m-bn-.- c-m-Py-ta-Xv- --Hm-kv-{Sn-b2835. tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy h-\n-Xm No-^v sk-{I--dn--]-m cm-a-N-{
2836. bm-Z-h hw-i-n-s X-e-m-\w- tZ-h-Kn-cn
2837. 1936 I-q-cn-\n-v a-{Zm-kn-te-v ]-n-Wn-Pm-Y \-bn--Xv-
F.sI.tKm-]m-e
2838. tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy h-\n-Xm ssh-kv Nm-k-e--tUm.Pm-kn
sP-bnw-kv
2839. a-c-Wm-\--c _-lp-a-Xn-bm-bn k-am-[m-\ s\m-t_-en-\-l-\mb bp.F.sk-{I--dn P-\-d- Um-Kv lm-a-tjm-Uv(1961)
2840. tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy- h-\n-Xm- tIm-tf-Pv- Xn-cp-h-\--]p-c-v2841. ap-K- km-{am-Py- kv-Ym-]-I- _m-_2842. B-I
- Y
- m-Im-c-am-cn cm-PI
- p-am-c F-d
- n-bs
- -X
- v- _m-_
2843. tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy No-^v P-n-kv- sI.Sn.tIm-in
12
87
88
CONFUSING FACTS
B-kq-{X-W I-n-j-s B-Zy-s A-[y- P-hm-lem s\-{lp-hpw D-]m-[y- Kp-k-cn-em \--bp-ambn-cp-p.
sk-{S ssd-kv dn-k-v C-n-yq-v H-do-k-bn-se I-v F- -e-v. C-\m-j-W ssd-kv dn-k-v kvt-j ^n-en-ss-kn-se a-\n-e-bn-em-Wv.
a-e-bm-f `m-j-bn-se B-Zy-s N-p D-n-b-o-N-cn-X-hpw
k-t-i-Im-hyw D-p-\o-eo-k-t-i-hp-am-Wv.
G--hpw h-ep--ap- ]-n-bpw G--hpw `m-cw-Iq-Sn-b ]n-bpw H--I--n-bm-Wv.
2906. 1864 {_n-o-jv C-y-bp-sS th-\-m-e X-e-m-\-am-b \K-cw--jnw-e
2907. a-{Zm-kv (sN-ss) \-K-c-n-s m-]-I- {^m-kn-kv tU
2908. A-ta-cn- sF-Iy-\m-Sp-I-fn-se B-Zy {]-kn-U v- tPm-Pv
hm-jn-Mv-S
2909. B--l-Xy-{]-h-W-X-bp- P-p- se-n-Mv
2910. A-Wp-t_mw-_m-{I-aW
-
- n-\p-hn-t[-ba
- m-b B-Zy cm-Pyw- P-m
2911. ap-K- Nn-{X-I-e A-Xn-s-d ]m-c-ay-X-bn-se-n-b-Xv- G-Xv- N-{Ih-n-bp-sS Im-e-m-Wv--P-lmw-Ko2912. th-fn Sq-dn-v hn-t-Pv G-Xv Pn--bn-em-Wv--Xn-cp-h-\--]p-cw
2913. Km-n-Pn-v kn-hn Un-kv-H-_o-Un-b-kv F- B-i-bw Bcn-\n-m-Wv e-`n--Xv- sl-dn tU-hn-Uv tXm-tdm
2914. thm-K \-Zn H-gp-Ip- `q-J-Wv-Uw- bq-tdm-v
2915. B-Zy-am-bn t{Zm-Wm-Nm-cy A-hm-Uv t\-Sn-b-Xv H.Fw.\-ym
2916. c-p h-en-b P-e-k-Rv-P-b--sf X-n _-n-n-p- C-Spn-b P-e-`m-Kw- kv-{S-bn-v
2917. _w-Km-fn im-iz-X `q-\n-Ip-Xn hy-h
\-S
- m-n-bX
- v- tImhm-en-kv
2918. {]-h-n-p-I A-s-n a-cn-p-I F-v Km-n-Pn ]-d-
A-h-k-cw- Izn-n-ym k-a-cw
2919. B--I-Y-bn C-y-m-sc C-jv-S-a- F-p sh-fn-s-Sp-p ap-K N-{I-h-n- _m-_
2920. 1940 B-_-v sF-ss-\v G-Xp cm-Py-s ]u-c-Xz-amWv kzo-I-cn--Xv- bp.F-kv.F.
2921. _-Z-co-\m-Y-t-{X-n-se B-cm-[-\m-aq-n- a-lm-hn-jv-Wp
2922. a-{Zm-kv- d-_- ^m-Iv-S-dn- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- h-S-hm-Xq2923. a-e-bm-f-n-se B-Zy-s hn-em-] Im-hyw- H-cp hn-em-]w
(kn.F-kv.kp-{_-a-Wy t]m-n)
2924. A-Wp-kw-Jy 100 B-b aq-e-Iw- s^-an-bw
2925. a-\p-jy-i-co-c-n G--hpw Iq-Sn-b A-f-hn A-S-n-bn-cn-p kw-bp-w- P-ew
2926. C-y \m-j-W tIm-{K-kn-\v B t]-cp \n-t-in--Xv-
Zm-Zm-`m-bv \-h-tdm-Pn
2927. c-p h-en-b I-c-`m-K--sf X-n _-n-n-p- C-Sp-n-b
I-c`
- m-Kw- C-kvX
- p-ak
- v
2928. _w-Kv-d G-Xp kw-m-\-s \r--cq-]-am-Wv- ]-m-_v
2929. _-Z-co-\m-Y-t-{Xw m-]n--Xv- B-Zn-i--c
2930. A-tim-I-s km-{am-Py-n Im--lm {]-tZ-i-s in-emim-k-\--fn D-]-tbm-Kn-n-cp- `m-j- A-cm-a-bn-Iv
2931. `--W-n-\m-bn a-sm-cp Po-hn-sb B-{i-bn-p- Po-hn- ]tcm-]-Po-hn
2932. C-m-a-_m-Zn-\p ap-v ]m-In-kv-Xm-s X-e-m-\-am-bn-cp--Xv-
dm-h-]n-n
2933. cm-jv-{S-]-Xn-sb ]-Z-hn-bn-\n-pw \o-w sN-m-\p- \-S-]-Sn{I-aw- Cw-]o-v-sa v
2934. cm-Po-hv Km-n tJ c-Xv-\ A-hm-Un-\-l-bm-b B-Zy h-\nX- I-Ww a-t-iz-cn
2935. C-y-bp-sS h-y-h-tbm-[n-I F--dn-b-s--Xv- Zm-Zm-`m-bv \h-tdm-Pn
13
89
90
CONFUSING FACTS
a-lm--Pn X-s cm-jv-{So-b ]n-Km-an-bm-bn {]-Jym-]n--Xv
P-hm-l-em s\-{lp-hn-s\-bm-Wv. Km-n-Pn-bp-sS B-ob ]n-Km-an F--dn-b-s--Xv B-Nm-cy hn-t\m-_m `m-sh
B-Wv.
tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy-s t]m-tm-^o-kv B-cw-`n--Xv Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se B-e-p-g-bn (1857). B-Zy kv-]o-Uv
t]m-v sk sIm-n-bn (1986).
]-tY ]m-Rv-P-en F- t\m-h-se-gp-Xn-b-Xv hn-`q-Xn-`q-j
_-tm-]m-[ym-b B-Wv. C-tX t]-cn A-Xv N-e-n-{X-amn-b-Xv k-Xy-Pn-Xv td.
3028. A-tim-I-s in-em-en-Jn-X--fp-sS s]m-cp Xn-cn--dn- K-thj-I- sP-bnw-kv {]n-sk-]v
3029. 1941 P-m-s\-Xn-sc bp- {]-Jym-]-\-n H-p-sh- A-tacn- {]-kn-U v--{^m-v-fn Un dq-kv-sh-v
3030. tI-c-f-n-se {]-kn--am-b X-Sm-I-t-{Xw- A-\--]p-cw
3031. C-y-bp-sS G--hpw sX-t-b--p- Xp-d-ap-Jw--Xq-p-p-Sn
3032. B-cp-sS A-[y--X-bn tN- k-t-f-\-n-em-Wv 1938
Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn C-y \m-j-W tIm-{K-kn-s im-J
cq-]w-sIm--Xv- ]-m-`n ko-Xm-cm-a-
3033. tI-c-f-n-se {]-Y-a I-ayq-Wn-v Fw.F.F. C.tKm-]m-e- -Irjv-W ta-t\m(1949)
3034. A-tim-I-s km-{am-Py-n h-S-p-]-Sn-m-d-`m-K--fn-ep in-em-en-Jn-X--fn G-Xp en-]n-bm-Wv D-]-tbm-Kn-n-p-Xv- J-tcm-jv-Sn
3035. tI-c-f-n-se A--c-\-K-cw- F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- tIm--bw3036. au-cy km-{am-Py m-]-I N-{-Kp-]v-X-au-cy A--cn- ew- {im-h-W-_-e-tKm-f
3037. tI-c-f-n-se a-cp-a--m-b k-{-Zm-b-s-p-dn-v ]-cm-a-inp- B-Zy ]p-kv-X-I-am-b an-dm-_n-en-b Un-kv-{In-]v-jy-c-Nn-Xv -{^-b tPm-Um-\p-kv
3038. C-y-bp-sS B-Zy-s hm-m-hn-\n-a-b D-]-{K-lw- B-n
3039. au-en-Im-h-Im-i- \-S-m-m kp-{]ow tIm-S-Xn F-m-Wv
]p-d-s-Sp-hn-p--Xv- dn-v
3040. 1945 ssh-t{km-bn th-h {]-`p C-y-bp-sS cm-jv-{So-b `mhn kw-_
- n-v tIm-{K-kv t\-Xm--am-cp-am-bn N-\
- S-
- nb \-K-cw--jnw-e
3041. B-cp-sS a-cW
-
- n A-\p-tim-Nn-p-sIm-m-Wv Ip-am-c\
- m-im
{]-tcm-Z-\w- c-Nn--Xv- F.B.cm-P-cm-P-h-a
3042. tI-c-f-n-se \-Zn-I-fn G--hpw sN-dp-Xv- a-t-iz-cw
3043. -U-m-Wn-se \-Zn-I-fn G--hpw h-ep-Xv -tKm-Zm-h-cn
3044. Um-Pn-en-Mv ln-am-e-b sd-bn-th m-]n-X-am-b h-jw-
1881
3045. au-kn-s D-]-m-Xm-hv- U--kv Fw-K-_-v
3046. A-Wp-`m-cw G--hpw Iq-Sn-b kzm-`m-hn-I aq-e-Iw- bp-td-\n-bw
3047. a-Wn-ta-J-e c-Nn--Xm-cv- k--\m
3048. tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy \n-b-a k-h-I-em-im-e- \p-bm-kv
3049. A-Wp-{]-k-c-Ww A-f-p- D-]-I-c-W-am-Wv- Ko-K Iu-
3050. B-cp-sS {]-kw-K-n \n-m-Wv 1959se hn-tam-N-\-k-a-c-n\v B t]-cp e-`n--Xv--]-\-n-n tKm-hn--ta-t\m
3051. C-y-bp-sS B-Zy-s hn-hn-t[m-t-iy D-]-{K-lw- C-km-v 1
F
3052. tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy {]-Xn-]--t\-Xm-hv- ]n.Sn.Nm-tm
3053. A-Wp-hn-`-P-\-n-s ]n-Xm-hv- Hm-tm-lm
3054. tI-c-f-n-se G--hpw- ]-g--ap- ]-{Xw- Zo-]n-I (1887- kvYm-]n-Xw)3055. C-y-bp-sS B-Zy-s h-\n-Xm hn-tZ-i-Im-cy a-{n- e-v-an
F. ta-t\m
3056. tI-c-f-n-se G--hpw ]-g--ap- A-W-s-v- ap--s-cn-bm
3057. B-cp-sS a-{n-k-`-bm-bn-cp-p A-jv-S-{]-[m- in-h-Pn
14
91
92
CONFUSING FACTS
th-Z--fn-te-v a-S-q F-p ]-d--Xv Z-bm-\-v k-c-kzXn-bm-Wv. Ko-X-bn-te-v a-S-q F-v B-lzm-\w sN-bv-X-Xv
kzm-an hn-th-Im-\--\m-Wv.
A-Sp--f-bn-\n-v A-c--t-v c-Nn--Xv hn.Sn.`--Xn-cnm-Sv B-Wv. A-Sp--f-bn-\n-v ]m-e-san-te-v c-Nn-Xv `m-c-Xn D-Z-b-`m-\p B-Wv.
1931 bm-N-\-bm-{X \-bn--Xv hn.Sn. `--Xn-cn-m-Sv. F.sI.
tKm-]m-e ]-n-Wn Pm-Y \-bn--Xv 1936.
3158. I-S-o-c
- n-s-d \o-f
- n- C-y- kw-kvY
- m-\
- f
- n- B\v-{[m-{]-tZ-in-s-d kv-Ym-\w- c-mw-kv-Ym-\w3159. I-S-P-e-n-\n-pw ip--P-ew X-m-dm-p- co-Xn- Un-nte-j
3160. jm-t\m h-cp-W G-Xn-s B-]v-X-hm-Iy-am-Wv- C-y t\-hn
3161. jn-n-km-bn _m-_-bp-sS P---e-am-b jn-n G-Xv kw-m\-m-Wv- a-lm-cm-jv-{S
3162. Jn-Pn hw-iw m-]n--Xm-cv- P-em-ep-o Jn-Pn
3163. G--hpw \o-f-ap- ]m-v- sd-n-p-te--Uv ss]-
3164. Jn-Pn kp-m-am G-Xp hw-i-P-cm-bn-cp-p- Xp-n
3165. tI-{-km-ln-Xy A-m-Z-an A-hm-Uv t\-Sn-b B-Zy-s a-ebm-f t\m-h- sN-o (1957)
3166. ssh-tem-n-n-v h-b-em A-hm-Uv t\-Sn-sm-Sp- Ir-Xn-
a-I-c-sm-bv-v
3167. tI-c-f \n-b-a-k-`-bn Aw-K-am-bn k-Xy-{]-Xn-Pv-R sN-bv-X BZy h-\n-X -tdm-k-m ]p-q-kv(1957 G-{]n 10)
3168. G--hpw \n-jvTp-c-\m-b ap-K N-{I-h-n F-p hn-ti-jn-n-s--Xv- Hu-dw-K-ko-_v
3169. Jn-Pn-hw-i-n-s X-I--bv-p Im-c-W-m-c F--dn-b-sSp- Jn-Pn ssk-\ym-[n-]- am-en-Iv Im-^
3170. Jn-Pn-hw-i-n-se A-h-km-\-s `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn- \m-kn-dpo Jp-kv-dp jm
3171. kv-t]-kv j-n A-b- B-Zy G-jy cm-Pyw- ssN-\
3172. kv-t]m-n-sse-n-kv- G-X-h-b-h-s-bm-Wv _m-[n-p--Xv \-s-v
3173. kv - X o- I - s f- m ]p- c p- j - a m F- - n Iq- S p- X - e p-
C-y kw-m-\w- tI-c-fw
3174. K-W-]-Xn D-k-h-s P-\-Io-b-am-n-b kzm-X-y-k-a-c \mb-I- _m-e-Kw-Km-[-c Xn-e-I
3175. kw-_-q G-Xv \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-m-Wv- a-lm-\-Zn
3176. kv-Im-Un-t\-hn-b F--dn-b-s-Sp- {]-tZ-i-n D-s-Sp cm-Py-- t\m-th, kzo-U, sU-m-v
3177. kw-c--I {]-`p F--dn-b-s--Xv- H-fn-h t{Imw-sh
3178. A--co--an-m-sb-n B-Im-i-n-s \n-d-sa-m-bn-cn-pw- I-dp-v
3179. A-n-bp-sS Zzo-]v F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw- sF-kv-e-Uv
3180. Kw-K,b-ap-\, k-c-kz-Xn \-Zn-I-fp-sS kw-K-aw G-Xp kw-m-\m-Wv- D- {]-tZ-iv
3181. kw-Ko-Xc
- X
- v\
- m-Ic
- w c-Nn-X
- v- im-Mv[
- c
-
3182. cm-Py-k-`-bv-p Xp-ey-am-b Cw-o-jv t]-cv- Iu-kn Hm-^v
t-v-kv
3183. im-kv-{Xo-b-am-b ap-b h-f- A-dn-b-s-Sp- t]-cv- IqWn-I-
3184. -A-m-cm-jv-{S \m-W-b-\n-[n-bp-sS B-m-\w- hm-jn-Mv-S
3185. I-S-en-s B-g-a-f-p- bq-Wn-v- ^m-Xw
3186. A-ap--am-ey-U c-Nn--Xv- Ir-jv-W-tZ-h-cm-b
3187. tI-c-f-n-s G--hpw h-S-t-b--s Im-b- D--f-m-b
3188. A- P o- c n- b I- g n- m G- - h pw h- e n- b A- d - _ v cm- P yw
-ku-Zn A-td-_y
3189. m-kn-bp--m-e-v _w-Km-fn-se \-hm-_v- kn-dm-Pv D-Zv Zu-f
3190. tI-cf
-
- n-s G-h
- pw sX-t-b
- s
- ip-P
- e
- X
- S- m-Iw-s
- h-mb-Wn-m-b
3191. Kp-P-dm-n-se {]-[m-\ hn-am-\-m-h-fw- A-l--Zm-_m-Zv
14
kn-en--Wn-s A-Wp-kw-Jy
a-Wn _n F-{X Zn-h-k-n-\p-n-em-Wv cm-Py-k-` Xn-cnsI
F-{Xm-a-s `-c-W-L-S-\m A-\p-t-Z-am-Wv \n-b-a-n-\p apn Xp-ey-X-sb-p-dn-v {]-Xn-]m-Zn-p--Xv
kw-m-\ ]p-\-w-L-S-\ \n-b-a {]-Im-cw 1956 \n-ehn-h- kw-m-\--fp-sS F-w
ssP-\-a-X-{K---fm-b ]q-h- F-{X-sb--ap-v
1929- ]m-km-n-b im-c-Zm- B-Iv-Sv-{]-Im-cw- s]-Ip-n-Ifp-sS hn-hm-l-{]m-bw- F-{X-bm-bn D-b-n
{]-kn-Un-s\ Cw-]o-v sN-p--Xn-\p- {]-ta-bw A-h-Xcn-n-p--Xn-\v F-{X Zn-h-k-s ap-Iq t\m-o-km-Wv
\-tI--Xv
tI-c-f \n-b-a-k-`-bp-sS tIm-dw F-{X-bm-Wv
G--hpw Iq-Sp-X Hm-kv-I t\m-an-t\-j-\p-I t\-Sn-b cp Nn-{X--fm-Wv All About Eve (1950), Titanic (1997)
F-n-h. F-{X ho-Xw
B-Zy-s B-[p-\n-I k- H-fn-n-Iv-kn (1896) F-{X
cm-Py- ]-s-Sp-p
C-y `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS Xp-S--n F-mw ]-n-I-bnep-m-bn-cp- `m-j-I-fp-sS F-w
C-y ]m-e-san-se (tem-Iv-k-`-bpw cm-Py-k-`-bpw Ds-sS) \m-a-\n-t-iw sN--s-Sp- Aw-K--fp-sS F-w
a-\p-jy-s ap-J-s A-n-I-fp-sS F-w
3230. ssh-Zyp-X {]-hm-l-n-s km-n-yw A-dn-bm-\p- D-]-I-cWw- Km-h-t\m-ao-
3231. kv-am--hn-Nm-cw F-n-\p- hn-Nm-c-W-bm-Wv- k-Zm-Nm-c-ewL-\w
3232. em- _-lm-Zq- im-kv-{Xn- A-y-hn-{i-aw- sIm-p--Xv-
hn-P-bv-L-n3233. hn.Sn.`--Xn-cn-m-Sn-s ]q-W-\m-aw- sh-n-n-cp-n Xm-g-pa-\-bv- cm-a `--Xn-cn-m-Sv
3234. e--Zzo-]v {Kq-n-se G--hpw P-\-kw-Jy Iq-Sn-b Zzo-]v- I-h-cn
3235. H-mw tem-I-a-lm-bp-w A-h-km-\n-p-tm {_n-o-jv {]-[m\-a-{n-bm-bn-cp--Xv- tem-bv-Uv tPm-Pv (191622)
3236. h-S-t A-ta-cn--bn-se G--hpw hn-kv-Xo-Ww Iq-Sn-b cm-Pyw Im-\-U
3237. em-kv Kn-_v-kv F- {In-- G-Xp cm-Py-m-c-\m-Wv- sh-v
C-Uo-kv
3238. B-cp-sS i-hI
- p-So-ca
- m-Wv tKm-Kpw-_m-kv- ap-l
- Z- v B-Zn-jm
3239. kv-m-Nyp- Hm-^v- en-_-n-bp-sS- kv-{S-Iv-N-d- F-n-\o-b- Kpkv-Xm-hv- Cu-^3240. a-[y-Im-e-L--n C-y-bn-\n-v l-v bm-{Xn-I ]p-d-sn-cp- Xp-d-ap-Jw -kq-d-v
3241. G-h
- p-sam-Sp-hn Km-n-Pn-sb k--in- {]-ap-Jt- \-Xm-hv- kZm ]-t
3242. kv-ss{X-W-X-bv-p Im-c-W-am-b tlm-tam- Cu-kv-{S-P
3243. C-y k--in- B-Zy-s {_n-o-jv {]-[m-\-a-{n- lm-tcmUv am-Iv an-
3244. H- mw tI- c - f - \ n- b - a - k - ` - b n C.Fw.F- k v . {]- X n- \ n- [ m- \ w
sN-bv-X a-Wv-U-ew- \o-te-iz-cw
3245. Im-_-Wn-s A-f-hv G--hpw Iq-Sp-X-ep- I--cn-bp-sS h-It`-Zw- B-{-ssk-v
3246. h-S-p-In-g- C-y-bn-se k-]v-X-tkm-Z-cn-am F--dn-b-sSp- kw-m-\--fn G--hpw Iq-Sp-X hn-kv-Xo-W-ap--Xv-
A-cp-Wm-N {]-tZ-iv
93
94
CONFUSING FACTS
cm-Po-hv Km-n h-[-n-\p ]n-n-se kp-c-m ]m-fn--sbp-dn-v A-t\z-jn--Xv P-bn I-o-j-\m-Wv. cm-Po-hv Kmn h-[-n-\p ]n-n-se Kq-Vm-tem-N-\-sb-p-dn-v At\z-jn--Xv h-a I-o-j-\m-Wv .
H-cp cm-Py-p-\n-v a-sm-cp cm-Py-t-v A-b-bv-p- \b-X-{ {]-Xn-\n-[n-bm-Wv Aw-_m-k-U. F-m, tIma-sh-v cm-Py- ]-c-kv-]-cw A-b-bv-p- \-b-X{ {]-Xn-\n-[n-bm-Wv ssl--o-j-W.
Cw--n-se d-n-ao-Un tPm c-m-a cm-Pm-hv 1215 H-p-sh- am-m-Im--bm-Wv a-\p-jym-h-Im-i- kwc-n-p--Xv `-c-W-Iq-S-n-s _m-[y-X-bm-n-sm-p B-Zy-tc-J. a-\p-jym-h-Im-iw kw-_-n- B-Zy-s
B-tKm-f-tc-J 1945 Pq 26-\v km-{^m-kn-kv-tIm-bn
Aw-Ko-I-cn--s- sF-Iy-cm-jv-{S-k-` Nm- B-Wv.
3285. i-co-c-n I-S-p-Iq-Sp- hn-j-h-kv-Xp- \-in-n-m \nbp--am-b A-h-b-hw- I-c
3286. C-y-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b _p--a-X sam-Wm--dn- X-hm-Mv
3287. cm-jv-{S-]-Xn {]-Y-a C.Fw.F-kv a-{n-k-`-sb ]n-cn-p-hn- Xo-bXn 1959 Pq-sse 31
3288. Hm-K-ss\-tk-j Hm-^v A-ta-cn- t-v-kn-s B-m-\w-hm-jnw-Kv-S Un.kn.
3289. C-y-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b Kp-cp-Zzm-c--kp-h-W-t-{Xw
3290. Hm-kv-I in-ev-]w cq-]-I-]-\ sN-bv-X-Xv- sk-{Un-Iv Kn-kv
3291. i-co-c-n- c-Iv-X-tIm-i-- \n-an-p--sX-hn-sS- a--bn3292. C-y k--in- B-Zy-s ssN-\o-kv k-m-cn- ^m-ln-bm
3293. kzm-an Nn--bm-\--s ]q-hm-{i-a-n-se t]-cv- _m-e-Ir-jv-Wta-t\m
3294. Kzm-fn-tbm ap-p `-cn-n-cp- cm-P-hw-iw- kn-y
3295. \n-hr-Xn ]--Iw c-Nn--Xv--{io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp
3296. \m-b k-ho-kv skm-ssk-n-bp-sS B-Zy kv-Iq m-]n-
-ew- I-dp-I-m
3297. \n-h--\-{]-tm-`-n-s ap-J-]-{X-am-bn-cp--Xv- tI-c-f
tI-k-cn
3298. \m-b k-ho-kv skm-ssk-n F- t]-cp \n-t-in--Xv-
sI.]-c-ap-]n-
3299. a-[y-{]-tZ-in F-hn-sS-bm-Wv B--tem-bv-Uv ^m-Iv-S-dn nXn sN-p--Xv- \o-a-v
3300. em-tlm-dn _m-Zv-jm-ln tam-kv-Iv \n-an--Xv- Hu-dw-K-ko-_v
3301. 1857se hn--h-n-s ]-cm-P-b-ti-jw {_n-o-jp-Im _-l-Zqjm c-m-a-s\ F-hn-sS-m-Wv \m-Sp-I-S-n-b-Xv- aym-a(_a)
3302. kn-Jp-Im G--hpw ]-hn-{X-am-bn I-W-m-p- B-cm-[-\m-ebw- A-ar-Xv-k-dn-se kp-h-W-t-{Xw
3303. I-^q-jy-\n-kw G-Xp-cm-Py-m-Wv {]-N-cn--Xv- ssN-\
3304. G-Xp cm-Py-s kzm-X-{y {]-m-\-am-Wv au au- sI-\n-b
3305. C-y-bn D--X hn-Zym-`ym-k-n-s am-[y-aw Cw-o-jv Bn-b K-h-W P-\-d- hn-eyw s_n-Iv
3306. H-mw tem-Iv-k-`-bn-se a-Wv-U-e-- 489
3307. em _-lm-Zq A-m-Za
- n Hm-^v A-Uva
- n-\n-kvt- {S-js
- B-m\w- ap-kq-dn
3308. B-cp-sS B--l-Xy-bn a-\w-s\m-m-Wv N--p-g c-a-W
c-Nn--Xv- C-S--n cm-L-h-]n-
3309. G--hpw \o-f-ap- Im-ep-I-fp- ]-n- I-cn-n-d-I ]-hn-gm-en
3310. B-cp-sS hn-hn-[ P---sf-p-dn-m-Wv Pm-X-I-I-Y-I-fn {]-Xn]m-Zn-n-cn-p--Xv- {io-_p--s
3311. i-co-c-n-se _-tbm-f-Pn- tm-v F--dn-b-s-Sp- {K-n ]o-\n-b {K-n
15
95
96
CONFUSING FACTS
a-a-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b Np-h- c-m-Wp- D- Po-hn-I-fmWv H--I-hpw (Camel) em-a-bpw (Lama).
A-d-bv- cm-P-Ip-Spw-_-n-se ]p-cp-j `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn Ben cm-P-sb-pw kv-{Xo-bm-sW-n A-d-bv- _o-hn Fp-am-Wv A-dn-b-s-n-cp--Xv.
"Service above Self" B-]v-X-hm-Iy-am-b kw-L-S-\ tdm--dn
C-\m-j-W. \m-j-W Un-^-kv A-m-Z-an-bp-sS B]v-X-hm-Iyw Service Before Self.
ss_-_n-fn-te-v a-S-q F- B-lzm-\w am-n eq-X-dnt-Xm-Wv. {]-Ir-Xn-bn-te-v a-S
- q F-p ]-d
X
- v dq-tm.
3406. tem-I-n-se B-Zy-s ]-{Xw GXp cm-Py-m-Wv- ssN-\
3407. C-y k--in- B-Zy-s {_no-jv cm-Pm-hv- tPm-Pv A-m-a
3408. h-S-p-In-g- C-y-bn-se G-hpw h-en-b \-K-cw- Kp-h-l-n
3409. Im N-e-n-t{Xm-k-hw G-Xp cmPy-m-Wv- {^m-kv
3410. tem-I-n-se B-Zy-s h-\n-Xm `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn- lm-Xt-v j-]k
-v p-Xv (CuPn-]v-Xv)
3411. kn-p \-Zo-X-S-\n-hm-kn-I-v AtI- { - a - { n- b m- b B- Z y
m-X-am-bn-cp- ar-Kw- Ip-Xn-c
a3412. kzm-X-y-n-\p-ap-v Xp-S--bm-bn e - b m- f n- tUm.tPm
a- m- b n
G--hpw Iq-Sp-X Im-ew tIm-{Kkv {]-kn-Um-b-Xv au-em-\m A_p I-emw B-km-Zv
3413. tem-I-n-se G--hpw \o-fw Iq-Sn-b tdm-Uv- ]m A-ta-cn-
ssl-th
3414. kn-p \-Zo-X-S-kw-kv-Im-c tI-{--fn F-hn-sS-bm-Wv D-gp-Xpa-dn- \n-ew Im-W-s--Xv- I-en-_w-K
3415. Kp-P-dm-n-se {]-kn--am-b \r--cq-]w- Km-_
3416. kn-Jp-Im-sc tbm-m--fp-sS k-ap-Zm-b-am-n h-f-n-b Kp-cp-
l-tKm-hn-v
3417. tem-I-n-se G--hpw \o-f-ap- ]-h-X-\n-c-bm-b A-Xv-emnIv dn-Uv-Pv F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- A-Xv-emn-Iv k-ap-{Z-n
3418. kn-p-\-Zo-X-S-kw-kv-Im-cw I-s-n-b h-jw- 1921
3419. k-Zm k-tcm-h ]--Xn- G-Xp \-Zn-bn-em-Wv- \-a-Z
3420. Kp-Pd
- m-n-s sX-p-`m-K
- p- D-S- - K-^v Hm-^v Imwt_
3421. tI-c-f ssl-th dn-k-v C-n-yq-v F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- Xn-cp-h-\-]p-cw
3422. tKm-_n-v km-K F- a-\p-jy-\n-an-X X-Sm-Iw G-Xv kw-m\-v- ln-am-N {]-tZ-iv
3423. tZ-io-tbm-Zv-{K-Y-\-n-\p- C-n-cm-Km-n A-hm-Uv B-Zy-ambn t\-Sn-b-Xv- kzm-an cw-K-\m-Ym-\-
3424. U-ln-bn B-Zy-am-bn I-tm-f \n-b-{-Ww G-s-Sp-nb `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn- A-em-hp-o Jn-Pn
3425. I-d-v e-`n-p- k-kyw- t]m-n
3426. Km-n-Pn tIm-{K-n-\n-pw cm-Pn-sh-m-\p- Xo-cp-am-\w
{]-Jym-]n- h-jw 1934
3427. I-dp- C-c--I F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- C-cp-pw I--cn-bpw
3428. _p-Iv e-Mv-kv G-Xv Po-hn-bp-sS iz-k-\m-h-b-h-am-Wv- F-p-Im-en
3429. I-dm-n G-Xv \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-m-Wv--kn-p
3430. `m-c-X-n-s hn-tZ-i-Im-cy-h-Ip-v sI-n--Sp-p--Xn kp-{][m-\ ]-p-h-ln- a-e-bm-fn \-b-X-{-- sI.]n.F-kv.
ta-t\m
3431. 1947 sI.tI-f--s t\-Xr-Xz-n sF-Iy-tI-c-f k-t-f\w \-S- -ew- Xr-q
16
97
98
CONFUSING FACTS
N-{-Kn-cn-tm- \n-an-X
- v _n-Z\
- q-cn-se in-h
- \
- m-bI
- v, tlmkv-Zp-Kv tIm- \n-an--Xv C-t-cn-hw-i-n-se tkm-a-tiJ-c \m-b-Iv.
X-]m-m-v, \m-W-bw F-n-h-bn ap-{Z-Ww sN--s B-Zy a-e-bm-fn {io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hm-Wv. X-]m mn-se-bpw \m-W-b-n-se-bpw B-Zy a-e-bm-fn h-\n-X kn A-t^m-km--bm-Wv.
{_u j-v-kv F- kw-L-S-\-bv-p cq-]w \-In-b-Xv
P-a-\n-bn-se ln-v-e-dm-Wv. I-cn-p-m-b-m (m-v jv-kv) C--en-bn-se ap-tm-fn-\n-bp-sS kw-L-S-\-bm-Wv.
3532. ln-n km-ln-Xy-n-\p Xp-S-w Ip-dn- ]r-Yzn-cm-P-dm-tkm F Ir-Xn c-Nn--Xv- N-{-h-c-Zm-bn
3533. ssN-\o-kv hn--h-n-s ]n-Xm-hv F-dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- k
bm-Xv sk
3534. ln-p Im-e-L--n-se A-Iv-_ F-p hn-ti-jn-n--s--Xv l-j
3535. sX-t C-y-bn,- A-ta-cn--m hn-I-kn-n-s-Sp- kp-Jhm-k-tI-{w--sIm-ssU--\m3536. ln-p-a-X-n-s A-Izn-\m-kv F--dn-b-s--Xv- B-Zn-i--c
3537. 1972 Pq-em-bn C-n-cm Km-n-bpw kp-^n- A-en `q-tmbpw X-n C-ym--]m-Iv I-cm H-n- \-K-cw--jnw-e
3538. a-\p-jy-i-co-c-n-se c-m-a-s h-en-b {K-n- B-t-b {Kn
3539. l-n-Mv-k tcm-Kw _m-[n-p- A-h-b-hw- a-kv-Xn-jv-Iw
3540. ln-Pv-d h-j-n-se A-h-km-\-s am-kw- Zp-l-Pv
3541. Km-n-Pn Z-n-Wm-{^n--bn C-y H-n-\n-b B-cw-`n-Xv-1903
3542. Im-em-h-[n-bm-b A-p-h-jw Xn-I-, tI-c-f \n-b-a-k-`-bp-sS
N-cn-{X-n-se BZy kv-]o-- Fw.hn-P-b-Ip-am
3543. ta--q- \m-cm-b-W-`--Xn-cn-bp-sS Im-e-L-w F-tm
F.Un.15591620
3544. ssk-a I-n-js
- \-Xn-sc-bp- {]-Xn-tj-[k
- a
- c
-
- n-\n-Sb
- n-te em-n-bS- n-I G-Xp-t\-Xm-hn-\m-Wv a-cW
- I
- m-cW
- a
- m-b-Xv- emem e-Pv-]-Xv-dm-bn
3545. Nm-W-I-n-\n-v D-m-Ip- H-cp hm-X-Iw- ao-tY
3546. Nm-Xp-h-Wy-n-s i-cn-bm-b {I-aw- {_m--W, -{Xn-b,
ssh-iy, iq-{Z
3547. Pm-Zp-Kp-U J-\n G-Xp [m-Xp-hn-\p {]-kn-w- bp-td-\n-bw
3548. Pn.F-kv.A- 1878 B-cw-`n- ]-{Xw- Zn ln-p
3549. s\m-t_ k-m-\w t\-Sn-b B-Zy ]m-In-kv-Xm-Im-c- A_v-Z-kv k-emw (^n-kn-Iv-kv, 1979)
3550. Nm-W-Iy-s b-Ym-Y-t]-cv- hn-jv-Wp-Kp-]v-X
3551. Nn-{X-c-N-\-bn X-]-c-\m-bn-cp- ap-K N-{I-h-n- P-lmwKo
3552. Pn-m-lu-kv F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- apw-ss_-bn
3553. Nm-W-Iy-s A-Y-im-kv-{Xw Cw-Kv-fo-jn-te-v ]-cn-`m-j-s-Spn-b-Xm-cv- iym-a-im-kv-{Xn
3554. m-\w sIm-v H-cp h-kv-Xp-hn-\p e-`n-p- Du-Pw- m-\ntIm-Pw
3555. m-]-I D- a-X--fn-h-v G--hpw {]m-No-\w- Pq-X-a-Xw
3556. tI-c-f Iu-ap-Zn ]-{Xw B-cw-`n--Xv- sI.kp-Ip-am-c
3557. tI-c-f Iu-ap-Zn F- hym-I-c-W {K-w c-Nn--Xv- tIm-hp-n
s\-Sp-m-Sn
3558. Nn-{X-Im-c-\m-b hm-tKm-Kv P-\n- cm-Pyw- s\-X-e-Uv-kv
3559. tk-hm-{Kmw B-{i-aw G-Xp kw-m-\-m-Wv- a-lm-cm-jv-{S
3560. -tI-c-f-n-se Du-n F-p hn-fn-p- dm-Wn-]p-c-n-s ]-g-bt]-cv- am-S-p-a-e
3561. tI-c-f-N-cn-{X-n ]-d-n-I F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- t]m-p-Kokp-Im
3562. k-em-P-Mv- ayq-kn-bw- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zn-
17
99
CONFUSING FACTS
72mw h-b-n _o-lm-dn-se ]m-h-]p-cn-bn-em-Wv a-lm-hoc C-l-tem-I-hm-kw sh-Sn--Xv. 80 mw h-b-n KuX-a-_p- D--{]-tZ-in-se Ip-in-\-K-c-n-em-Wv A-cn-X
- v.
`-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS 32mw A-\p-t-Zw kp-{]ow tIm-S-Xn-bn
dn-v s]-o-j k-a-n-p--Xn-s\--n-bpw 226mw A-\pt-Zw ssl-tm-S-Xn-bn dn-v s]-o-j k-a-n-p-Xn-s\--n-bpw {]-Xn-]m-Zn-p-p.
H-Iv-tSm-_ 9 tem-I X-]m-Zn-\-hpw H-Iv-tSm-_ 10 tZ-iob X-]m-Zn-\-hp-am-Wv.
3653. ap-Xp-a-e h-\y-ar-K k-t-Xw G-Xv kw-m-\-n-em-Wv- X-an-gv\m-Sv
3654. t]m-fn-tbm-bv-p Im-c-W-am-b tcm-Km-Wp- ssh-d-kv
3655. C-y-bp-sS B-Zy-s kq--tkm-Wn-Iv sP-v hn-am-\w- Fv.F-^v 24 am-cp-Xv
3656. t]m-fn-Un-]v-kn-b F-m-Wv- A-an-X-Zm-lw
3657. ta-q A-W-s-v G-Xp-\-Zn-bn--Im-th-cn
3658. tem-I-{]n-b tKm-]n-\m-Yv t_m-tZm-fn hn-am-\-m-h-fw F-hnsS-bm-Wv- Kp-h-l-n
3659. tI-c-f-ssl-tm-S-Xn No-^v P-n-km-b B-Zy a-e-bm-fn h-\n-X P-n-kv sI.sI.D-j
3660. `q-ap-J-s G--hpw h-en-b P-p- \o-e-n-anw-Kn-ew
3661. C-y-bn G--hpw Iq-Sp-X Im-ew A-[n-Im-c-n Xp-S-
ap-Jy-a-{n- tPym-Xn-_-kp
3662. I-enw-K-p--c-Wn c-Nn--Xv- P-b-sIm-
3663. tI-c-f \n-b-a-k-`-bn G--hpw Iq-Sp-X _-Uv-P-p-I A-h-Xcn-n-n-p- [-\-a-{n- sI.Fw.am-Wn
3664. i-co-c-h-ep--hp-am-bn Xm-c-X-ayw sN-p-tm G--hpw h-en-b akv-Xn-jv-I-ap- ss{]-ta-v--a-\p-jy
3665. C-y-bn G--hpw Iq-Sp-X Im-ew tIm-f-\n `-c-W-n-\p hnt[-b-am-b {]-tZ-iw- tKm-h
3666. B-Zy-s sk-t^m ]p-d-n-d-n-b I--\n- tam-tm-tdmf
3667. Cw--n A-Sn-a-w A-h-km-\n-n- h-jw- 1833
3668. B-Zy-s ssk-tm-f-Pn e-t_m-d--dn m-]n--Xm-cv- hq-v
3669. sIm-n Xp-d-ap-J-n-s \n-am-W-n k-l-I-cn- cm-Pyw-
P-m
3670. C-y-bp-sS B-Zy-s B-Iv-Sn-Mv- {]-[m-\-a-{n- Kp-k-cn-em
\-
3671. A-l--Zm-_m-Zv \-K-c-n-s m-]-I- A-l--Zv jm H-ma
3672. C-y-bp-sS B-Zy-s {_nojv K-h-W- P-\-d- hm-dtl-kv-n-Mv-kv3673. A-l--Zo-b {]-m-\w B-cw-`n--Xv- an-k Kp-emw A-l--Zv
3674. C-y-bp-sS B-Zy-s sa-bn _m-n Sm-v- A-Pp
3675. a-lm-m-Km-\v-[n Z-Wv-Un am-v B-cw-`n--Xv- k-_-a-Xn B-{iaw
3676. m-kn bp--n-s A-\--c-^-ew F-m-bn-cp-p- C-y-bn
{_n-o-jv `-c-W-n-\v A-Sn--d ]m-In
3677. A-m-cm-jv-{S ]p-kv-X-I h-jw- 1972
3678. C-y-bp-sS B-Zy-s B-Iv-Sn-Mv- {]-kn-U v- hn- hn- Kn-cn3679. a-lm-m-Km-n h-[n--s- _n-fm lu-kv F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-
\yq-U-ln
3680. sF.Sn.km--c-Xm ]--Xn-bm-b A--b-bv-p Xp-S-w Ip-dn-
Pn-- a-e-p-dw
3681. sIm-n km-K c-Nn--Xv- tdm-_-v {_n-tm
3682. a-\p-jy lr-Zb
-
- n-s `m-cw-]
- p-cp-j- 340 {Kmw, kv{- Xo- 255{Kmw
3683. A-Pp-\ A-hm-Uv t\-Sn-b B-Zy-s a-e-bm-fn A-Xv-e-v-
Sn.kn.tbm-lm
18
CONFUSING FACTS
_o-lm hn-Zym-]oTw m-]n--Xv tUm.cm-tP-{-{]-km-Zv.
`m-c-Xo-b hn-Zym `-h-s m-]-I sI.Fw.ap-jn.
X-I-gn-bp-sS B--I-Y-bm-Wv Hm-a-bp-sS Xo-c--fn .
ssh-w ap-l--Zv _-jo-dn-s B--I-Y-bm-Wv Hm-a-bpsS A-d-I. Hm-a-I-fp-sS Hm-f- Pn. i--c-p-dp-n-s
B--I-Y.
Np-h- c-m-Wp--fp-sS Ip-d-hv A-\o-an-b F- A-h-bv-v Im-c-W-am-Ip-p. Np-h- c-m-Wp--fp-sS Fw {I-am-Xo-X-am-bn h-[n-p- A-h--bm-Wv t]m-fnssk-o-an-b.
{Sm-h-Iq t-v am-\z-en-s I-m-hv hn.\m-K-a--bmWv (1906). sIm-n t-v am-\z c-Nn--Xv kn.A-Nyp-Xta-t\m-\m-Wv (1911).
B-Wn B v n-tbm-]m-{S c-Nn--Xv hn-eyw tj-Iv-kv-]nb B-Wv. ko-k B v n-tbm-]m-{S bp-sS I-m-hv
tPm-Pv s_-Wm-Uv jm B-Wv.
3778. s]-cn-\m-Sv e-l-f \-S- h-jw- 1915
3779. a--v ]-Zv-a-\m-`-s\ tI-c-f-n-se a-Z tam-l am-f-hy F-p
hn-ti-jn-n-X
- v- k-Zm sI.Fw.]-Wn-
3780. Ip-a-c-Iw G-Xv Im-b-en-s Xo-c-m-Wv- th--\m-Sv
3781. `-c-W-L-S-\m \n-am-W-k-`-bn H-_v-P-Iv-So-hv sd-skm-eq-j Ah-X-cn---Xv- P-hm-l-em s\-{lp
3782. _p-- s
- sP-\a
- X
-
- C-y-bn D-Ss
- e-Sp-X
- v- _n.kn.B-dmw
i-XI
-
- n
3783. a-lm-ho-cs
- `m-cy- b-tim-[
3784. Ip-am-c-\m-im-s ho-W-]q-hv G-Xp ]-{X-n-em-Wv B-Zyw {]-kno-Ic
- n-X
- v- - an-Xh
- m-Zn
3785. t_-cm-dn-se C-am-Zv-jm-ln-hw-iw m-]n--Xv- ^-m-hp- Al--Zv(1484)
3786. Ip- \-ym G-Xp cm-P-[m-\n-bn-em-Wv I-gn-n-cp--Xv A--e-p-g
3787. _p--v {]q-^v h-kv-{X- \n-an-p--Xn-\v D-]-tbm-Kn-p-
h-kvX
- p- sI-hve
- m
3788. Ip- m- n F- a- e - b m- f Nn- { Xw kw- h n- [ m- \ w sN- b v - X - X v Pn.A-c-hn-
3789. B-cp-sS P--Zn-\-am-Wv tZ-io-b bp-h-P-\-Zn-\-am-bn B-N-cn-p-Xv- kzm-an hn-th-Im-\-
3790. _r-lZ- va
- R
- vP
- c
- n c-Nn-X
- m-cv- t-ta-{
3791. ip-n {]-m-\w B-cw-`n--Xv- Z-bm-\-v k-c-kz-Xn
3792. t_m t]m-bn v t]-\ I-p-]n-Sn--Xv- tPm sP. eu-Uv
3793. B-d-p-f I-m-Sn \n-an-m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-p- ]-Zm-Yw- tem-lh-kX
-v p-
3794. Ip-am-c\
- m-im-s B-Zy-s {]-ik
- X
-v a
- m-b Ir-Xn- ho-W]
- q-hv (1907)
3795. a-lm-cm-jv{- S-bp-sS c-mw X-e
m-\w F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp-X
- v- \m-Kv]q
3796. {]-Ir-Xn-hm-X-I-n A-S-n-bn-cn-p- L-S-I-- ao-tY,
Cu-tY, s{]m-t, _yq-t
3797. t`m-m-en-s m-]-I-\m-b ]-c-am-c hw-i cm-Pm-hv- t`m-P
3798. {]-k-hn-p- ]m-v- A-W-en
3799. A-cp-W F-p hn-fn--s-Sp- {K-lw--bp-dm-\-kv
3800. G--hpw Iq-Sp-X B-W-h-{]-k-c-Ww D--Xm-bn _n-F-B-kn
I-s-n-b -ew- I-cp-\m-K--n
3801. A-cp-Wm-N {]-tZ-in {_n-o-jv `-c-W-n-\p Xp-S--an- I-cm bm-m-thm I-cm (1826 ^n-{_-hc
- n 24)
3802. A-Iv_
- d
- p-sS k-Z
- n-se G-h
- pw {]-ik
- vX
- \
- m-b I-hn- Xp-fk
- o-Zmkv
3803. i-cm-hX
- n ]-X
- n G-Xv kw-m-\-m-Wv- I-Wm-SI
3804. t_mw-s_-bv-p-ap-v ]-n-a-Xo-c-v {_n-o-jp-Im-cp-sS {]-[m-\
Xm-hf
- a
- m-bn-cp- \-Kc
- w -kq-d
- v
19
CONFUSING FACTS
kz-X-{ C-y-bn _-Uv-P-v A-h-X-cn-n- B-Zy-s
[-\-a-{n B.sI.j-ap-Jw sN-n-bm-Wv. F-m, P-\d _-Uv-P-v A-h-X-cn-n- B-Zy [-\-a-{n kn.Un.tZ-ivap-Jv B-Wv (1952).
tNm-f-am-cp-sS cm-P-Io-b-ap-{Z I-Sp-h-bpw ]m-Wv-Uy-am-cptS-Xv a-y-hpw B-bn-cp-p.
C-y k--in- B-Zy-s {_n-o-jv cm-Pm-hv tPm-Pv Am-a (1911). C-y k--in- B-Zy-s {_n-o-jv {][m-\-a-{n lm-tcm-Uv am-Iv-an-.
tI-c-f-n Pq-X-p-v Nm-h-m-pw Pq-X-p-fw am-Sm-bnbn-epw n-Xn-sN-p-p.
3890. ssh-Zyp-Xo-I-cn--s- B-Zy-s
Z-n-tW-y \-K-cw -_mw-q
3891. G-Xv ssh-t{km-bn-m-Wv c-mw
Cu-g-h sa-tm-dn-b k-a-n-Xv- I-gvk
-
3892. am-bv
- m-\m-Im- a-jn D-]t- bm-Kn B-Zy-s C-e- 1962
3893. ap-nw sF-Iy-kw-Lw m-]n-Xm-cv- h-w au-e-hn
3894. ap-n-ac
- n-p-X
- n-\p-ap-v Ip-am-c\
- mim k--cn-n-cp- t_m-v- sdUo-a
3895. tI-c-f {K--im-e kw-L-n-s G- - h pw Ip- d - p- I m- e w D- ] m-]I
- - ]n.F.]-Wn-
cm- j v - { S- ] - X n m- \ w
3896. B-\v-{[m- kw-kv-Ym-\w- cq-]-h-- h- l n- - X v - hn hn Kn- c n
cn-W
- s
- a- B-hi
- y-ap-b
- n--v \ncm-lm-ck
- a
- c
- w- \-S
- n- a-cW
- w- h-cn- hy-IX
v- n- - t]m-n- {io-cm-ae
- p3897. B-cp-sS k-Z-ky-\m-bn-cp-p `m-c-hn- knw-l-hn-jv-Wp
3898. ap-l--Zv \-_n-bp-sS I-_-dn-Sw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv a-Zo-\
3899. i-Ih
- -jw Xp-S
- n-b \q-m-v- F.Un.H-mw \q-m-v
3900. sS-v {In--n-se G--hpw D-b- hy-n-K-X kv-tIm t\-Sn-bXv- {_-b em-d
3901. aq-ey-h-[n-X \n-Ip-Xn \-S-m-n-b B-Zy cm-Pyw- {^m-kv
3902. aq-gn-bm Umw G-Xv Pn--bn ]--\w-Xn-
3903. A-cp-Wm-N {]-tZ-in-s ]-g-b t]-cv- t\-^(t\m-v Cu-v
t{^mn-b G-P-kn)
3904. A-Pp-\ F- I-Ym-]m-{Xw G-Xv C-Xn-lm-k-n- a-lm-`m-cXw
3905. aq-Imw-_n-I-t-{Xw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- sIm-q
3906. A-tm-Wn P-\d
- e
- n-s\-p-dn-v {]-Xn-]m-Zn-p- `-cW
- L
- S- \
- m-A\p-t-Zw- B-n-n 76
3907. a-X-s cm-jv-{So-b-n-\n-p th-s]-Sp-n-b B-Zy-s Cy `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn- A-em-hp-o Jn-Pn
3908. A-Xv-emn-n-s\-bpw a-[y-[-c-Wym-gn-tb-bpw _nnp-
I-S-en-Sp-v- Pn-{_m-
3909. A-f-I-\- G-Xp \-Zn-bn-em-Wv tN-cp--Xv- Kw-K
3910. a-g-hn-p-I-fp-sS \m-Sv F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- l-hm-bv Zzo-]p-I
3911. A-v-e-kv ]-h-X-\n-c G-Xv h-I-c-bn- B-{^n-
3912. cm-jv{- S-]X
- n-sb Xn-cs
- -Sp-p-X
- v- ]m-es
- an-se C-cp- k-`I
- fn-se-bpw- kw-kv-Ym-\ \n-b-a-k-`-I-fn-se-bpw- Xn-c-s-Sp--s Aw-K
-
3913. A--co--`m-c-n-s F-{X i-X-am-\-am-Wv ss\-{S-P- 75.46
3914. a-e-bm-f-n-se B-Zy I-hn-X- cm-a-N-cn-Xw ]m-v
3915. A--co--n Im-_ ssU Hm-Iv-ssk-Un-s i-cm-i-cn
A-fh
- v F-{X-iX
- a
- m-\a
- m-Wv- 0.03
3916. kp-thm-f-Pn- k-th Hm-^v C-y-bp-sS ]-n-a-L- {]m-tZin-I tI-{w F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- tIm-gn-tm-Sv
3917. C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s hy-h-lm-c hn-ap- ]-m-b-v- h-chq
20
tIm-gn-tm-Sv
3985. k-Xyw ku--cy-am-Wv, ku--cyw k-Xy-hpw- F-p ]-d--Xm-cv-
Io-k
-v v
3986. sS-kn-Mpw ln-em-cn-bpw B-Zy-am-bn F-hd
-
- v Io-gS-
- n-bX
- v- 1953
sa-bv 29
3987. kym-\
- q-c]
- p-cw- F-v kw-kI
v- r-X
- n ]-cm-a-in-p- \-Kc
- w-
Xn-cp-h\
-
- ]
- p-cw
3988. Kym-e-]v t]m- F- k-t-X-n-\p Xp-S-w Ip-dn--Xv G-Xp cmPy-m-Wv- bp.F-kv.F.
3989. kz-]v-\-irw-K--fp-sS \-K-cw- Hm-Iv-kv-t^m-Uv
3990. a-e-_m I-em-]w A-c-t-dn-b Xm-eq-v- G-d-\m-Sv
3991. kz-w `m-c-tm-Sp Xp-e-\w sN-p-tm G--hpw h-en-b ap--bnSp- ]-n- In-hn
3992. am-am-w B-tLm-jn-n-cp- am-kw- Ipw-`w
3993. X-tUm-_ h-\y-ar-K-kw-c--W tI-{w G-Xp kw-m-\-v- alm-cm-j{v- S
3994. U-ln-bn-se Xp--m-_m-Zv tIm- \n-an--Xv- Kn-bm-kp-o Xp-Iv
3995. Po-h-s \-Zn F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- c-w
3996. U-ln-bn-te-v-c-v-A-tim-I-kv-Xq-]--sIm-p-h--Xp--Ivkp-m-^
- n-tdm-kv jm-Xp-I
- v
3997. m-\-]oTw t\-Sn-b B-Zy-s a-e-bm-f t\m-h- H-cp tZ-in-s I-Y
3998. tem-I
- n-s h-{P X-e
m-\w F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp-X
- v- Inw-_-en
3999. ta-tbm {]-`p B-Zy sk-k-kv X-m-dm-n-b h-jw- 1872
4000. C-y-bn-se c-m-a-s h-\n-Xm ap-Jy-a-{n- \-n-\n km-Xv-]Xn (197276)
4001. a-dm- hw-ia
- m-b t`m-ks
- e F-hn-sS-bm-Wv `-cn-X
- v- \m-Kv]
- q
4002. tcm-K--sf-p-dn-p- ]T-\w- ]m-tXm-f-Pn
4003. kz-]v-\m-hm-k-h-Z-w, Du-cp-`w-Kw F-n-h c-Nn--Xv- `m-k
4004. C-y-bn-se G--hpw sN-dn-b Pn--bm-b am-ln G-Xv `-c-W-L-S-In-s `m-Ka
- m-Wv- ]
- p-Xp-t-cn
4005. C-y-bn-se G--hpw sN-dn-b ssl-tm-S-Xn kn-nw
4006. kz-w- a--fp-sS X-S-hn- I-gn-tb-n-h- ap-K- N-{I-h-n-
jm-Pl
- m4007. kz--am-bn ]-Xm-I-bp- G-I C-y kw-m-\w- P-p I-ivao
4008. ssN-\-bn-se Ku-X-a-_p- F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- em-thm-Xv-sk
4009. C-y-bn-se K-h-W P-\-d-am-cn G--hpw Iq-Sp-X-Im-ew ]Z-hn h-ln--Xv- hm-d tl-n-Mv-kv
4010. Po-hn-X-n k-Xy-k--\m-bn-cn--Ww F- Xo-cp-am-\-sa-Spm Km-n-Pn Xo-cp-am-\n-X
- v G-Xv ]p-cm-W I-Ym-]m-{X-n-s
kzm-[o-\-m-em-Wv- l-cn--{
4011. kz--am-bn hm-l-\w \n-an-v a-\p-jy-s\ _-ln-cm-Im-i-v A-b cm-Py-- A-ta-cn-, d-jy,ssN-\
4012. ssa ssSw-kv B-cp-sS B--I-Y-bm-Wv- sP._n.Ir-]-em-\n
4013. kz-a
- m-bn ssh-Zyp-Xn D-]m-Zn-n-v hn-Xc
- W
- w sN-bvX
- , kw-m\-s B-Zy-s {Km-a-]-m-b-v- am-p-fw
4014. aq-o-tZ-hn A-hm-Uv G-s-Sp-n-b-Xv- m-\-]oTw {S-v
4015. kv-{Xo-I-v- thm--h-Im-iw- \-In-b- (1893)- B-Zy-s- cm-Pyw-\yq-kn-e-Uv4016. C-cp-n-s G--hpw ip--am-b cq-]w- tdm-v A-b
4017. kv{- Xo-I-v {]-th-i\
- a
- n-m- ]-hX
- w- au-v B-tXm-kv ({Kokv)
4018. C-y-bn-se cm-jv-{So-b Im-q-Wp-I-fp-sS ]n-Xm-hv F--dn-b-s-Sp-X-v i-
4019. Pp-Uo-jy dn-hyq- F- B-i-bw G-Xp cm-Py-n \n-m-Wv
C-y kzo-Ic
- n-X
- v- bp.F-kv.F.
4020. `m-c-X-c-Xv-\ e-`n- G--hpw {]m-bw Ip-d- hy-n- -k-n
sS-Up-
4021. Pq-en-b-kv ko-k sIm--s- h-jw- _n.kn.44
4022. C-y \m-j-W tIm-{K-kv {]-kn-U v m-\-t-v
1939 Xn-cs
- -Sp-p \-S
- t- m t\-Xm-Pn kp-`m-jv N-{-t_mkn-s F-Xn-cm-fn-bm-bn-cp--Xv- ]-m-`n ko-Xm-cm-a-
4023. tem-I-n-s hn-kv-Xo-W-n-s F-{X `m-K-am-Wv C-y- 1/42
tNmZyw; Dcw
h\nXm tab temIw, Cy, tIcfw
C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s h-\n-Xm ta-b kp-tem-N-\m tamUn B-tWm Xm-cm sN-dn-bm B-tWm?
kp-tem-N-\m tam-Un. 1956- apw-ss_ ta-b-dm-bn. Xm-cm
sN-dn-bm sN-ss-bn ta-b-dm-b-Xv 1957em-Wv. Z-n-tWy-bn-se B-Zy-s h-\n-Xm ta-b F-v Xm-cm sN-dn-bms\ hn-ti-jn-n-mw. tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy-s h-\n-Xm tab ssl-a-h-Xn Xm-bm-v B-Wv (tIm-gn-tm-Sv).
tc-JI
- {]-Im-cw, tem-I
- n-em-Zy-am-bn ta-b m-\s
- n-b h-\n-X A-ta-cn- sF-Iy-\m-Sp-I-fn-se Im-k-kv
kw- m- \ - s A- t Km- W n- b \- K - c - n- s e Susanna
Madora Salter B-Wv (1887).
4024. ]m-e-m-Sv Np-cw tIc-f-s X-an-gv-\m-nse G-Xv Pn--bp-ambn-m-Wv tbm-Pn-np--Xv -tIm-b-q
4025. kv{- Xo-I-v H-fn-nIv - k n ]- s - S pm A-\p-aX
- n sImSp- h-jw- 1900
4026. B-Zy-s ku-v
G-jy s^-U-tdj sK- b nw- k n
(1984) G--hpw Iq-SpX sa- U - e p- I
t\-Sn-b-Xv- C-y
4027. B-sc {]-Io-n-mWv Ip-am-c-\m-im a-l m-Im-hy-sa-gp-Xm-sX a-l m-I-hn
Zn-hy-tIm-In-ew c-Nn]- Z - h n t\- S n- b - X v - Ip- a m- c - \ m- i m
-Xv- a-lm-I-hn SmtKm
4028. ssh-tZ-in-I-k-lm-bw-Iq-Sm-sX A-p-Iq-Sw m-]n- B-Zy a-ebm-fn- Nm-h-d-b-
4029. tam--{]-Zo-]-J-Wv-U-\w c-Nn--Xv- N--n-kzm-an-I
4030. I-eym-W-Zm-bn-\n-k-`-bp-sS m-]-I- ]-Wv-Un-v I-dp-
4031. sam-km-v G-Xp I-e-bp-sS D-]m-k-I-\m-bn-cp-p- kw-Ko-Xw
4032. C-y-bn-se G--hpw Xn-c-t-dn-b ]m-ew- lu-d ]m-ew (c-_o-{
tk-Xp)
4033. kz-X{- -C
- y-bp-sS B-Zy-s ^o-Uv am-j- F-kv.F-v.F^v.sP.a-t\-m
4034. `m-cX
- c
- X
- v\
- t\-Sn-b B-Zy-s kn-\n-am-Xm-cw-F
- w.Pn. cm-aN
- {-
4035. B-cpw ]u-c-am-cm-bn P-\n-m- kz-X{- -cm-Pyw h-n-m
4036. C-y-bp-sS kp-K
hy-RvP
- \
- t- m-w F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp-X
- v- tIc-fw
4037. \yq-U-ln I-gn-m D--tc-y-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b CU-kv-{Sn-b l-_v--Im-]q
4038. cm-k-Nn-In-k-bp-sS D-]-m-Xm-hv- t]m F-en-Iv
4039. cm-jv{- S-]X
- n-v k-Xy-{]-Xn-m-hm-NI
- w sNm-n-sm-Sp-p-X
- vkp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn No-^v P-n-kv
4040. ap-Sn \n-an-n-cn-p- t{]m-o- sI-cm-n
4041. Po-h-Pm-e- Im-W-s-Sp- A--co--]m-fn- t{Sm-tm-kv-^nb
4042. ar-Wm-sk-n-s B-Zy Nn-{Xw- `p-h tjmw (1965)
4043. A-ta-cn- hn--h-Im-cn-I-sf k-lm-bn- {^-v N-{I-h-n-
eq-bn ]-Xn-\m-dm-a
4044. B-[p-\n-I kn-\n-a-bp-sS ]n-Xm-hv tU-hn-Uv {Kn-^n-Xv
4045. C-y-bn H-cp kw-m-\-v A-[n-Im-c-n h- B-Zy-s
21
cm-jv{- S-t\-Xm-s
- f B-Zc
- n-p-X
- n-\p- K-ke
- yq-n F{X sh-Sn-bm-Wp-Xn-p--Xv
F-{Xm-as
- t{Im-at- kmw tPm-Sn-bp-sS X-Ic
- m-dp-aq-ea
- m-Wv awtKm-fn-kw D-m-Ip--Xv
]-m-b-v cm-Pv m-]-\--fn-te-p- Xn-c-s-Sp-n
a--cn-m-\m-h-iy-am-b Ip-d- {]m-bw
iz-kn-p-tm A-I-t-v F-Sp-p- hm-bp-hn Hm-Ivkn-P F-{X i-X-am-\-am-Wv
C-y `-c-W-L-S-\ \n-e-hn-h- k-a-b-v ]m-e-sa v
Xn-c-s-Sp-n thm-p-sN-m-\m-h-iy-am-b Ip-d- {]m-bw
F-{X-bm-bn-cp-p
H-mw tem-I-a-lm-bp-w A-h-km-\n-p--Xn-\pw c-mw
tem-Ia
- l
- m-bp-w Xp-S
- p-X
- n-\pw C-Sb
- n-ep- Im-eL
-
- ns ssZ-Lyw F-{X h-j-am-bn-cp-p
tIm-gn-ap- hn-cn-bp--Xn-\m-h-iy-am-b k-a-bw F-{X Zn-h-kam-Wv
`-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS F-{Xm-a-s h-Ip-m-Wv au-en-Im-h-Im-i-fp-sS A-Sn--d F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv
Hu-tZym-Kn-I `m-j-I-fp-sS Iq--n kn-n-sb D-s-Spn-b-Xv F-{Xm-a-s `-c-W-L-S-\m t`-Z-K-Xn-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv
1975 se B-`y--c A-Sn-b--cm-h- F-{X am-kw \o-p\n-p
2005 G-{]n H-n-\v F-{X kw-m-\--fn-em-Wv hm-eyp
B-U-Uv Sm-Iv-kv (hm-v) \n-e-hn-h--Xv
hn-Zym-`ym-kw au-en-Im-h-Im-i-am-p--Xp kw-_-n- hyh- G-Xv `-c-W-L-S-\m A-\p-t-Z-n-em-Wv D-s-Spn-bn-cn-p--Xv
P-\-\-hpw a-c-W-hpw F-{X Zn-h-k-n-\p-n-em-Wv X-t-i `c-W m-]-\-n c-Pn- sN-t--Xv.
G--hpw Ip-d- {]m-b-n C-y {In--v Sow Iym-]v-\m-b-Xv a-kq A-en-Jm ]-tm-Un (19412011) bm-Wv. F{Xmw h-b-n-em-Wv A-t-lw Cu t\--n-\p-S-a-bm-b-Xv
C-y-bn ]p-cp-j-s Ip-d- hn-hm-l-{]m-b-]-cn-[n F-{X
h-b-m-Wv
tI-c-f-n F-{X d-h-\yq Un-hn-j-\p-I-fp-v
CONFUSING FACTS
C-y-bn bq-tdm-]y-am \n-an- B-Zy-s tIm- ]n-p-d-s am-\p-h tIm--bm-Wv. tI-c-fo-b-am-Xr-I-bn
bq-tdm-]y-am C-y-bn \n-an- B-Zy-s sI-n-Sw am-t-cn sIm-m-cw.
j-lo-Zv- C
- - A
- k
- w F-d
- n-bs
- -X
- v `-KX
- v kn-Mv B-Wv. Izmbn-Zv--C--A-kw F--dn-b-s--Xv ap-l--Zv A-en Pn--bmWv.
G-h
- pw D-bc
- w Iq-Sn-b k-kX
v- \
- w Pn-dm-^m-Wv. (B-{^n-)
B-\-bm-Wv c-mw m-\-v. G--hpw \o-fw Iq-Sn-b, I-cbn-se k-kv-X-\w B-\-bm-Wv. C-m-cy-n c-mw-m\-v Pn-dm-^m-Wv.
tI-c-f t^m-d-v sU-h-e-]v-sa v tIm--td-j-s B-m\w tIm--b-m-Wv. tI-c-f t^m-d-v dn-k-v C-n-yq-v
Xr-q Pn--bn-se ]o-n-bn-em-Wv.
]-n-]m-Xm-fw n-Xn-sN-p--Xv h-b-\m-Sv Pn--bn. tIc-f-n-se ]-n-{Km-aw F--dn-b-s-Sp- \q-d-\m-Sv B-ep-g Pn--bn-em-Wv.
4154. C-y-bn-se G--hpw Iq-Sp-X e-h-Wmw-i-ap- X-Sm-Iw- kmw`m
4155. Z-sse-em-a-bp-sS {]-hm-k K-h-san-s B-m-\w- [-aim-e
4156. C-y-bn-se G--hpw ssZ-Ly-ta-dn-b ]-I- Pq 21
4157. C-U-kv-{Sn-b sU-h-e-]v-sa v _m-v Hm-^v C-y-bp-sS Bm-\w--apw-ss_
4158. Z-sse-em-a-bv-v t\m-_ k-m-\w e-`n- h-jw- 1989
4159. t^m-tam-k-bp-sS C-tm-g-s t]-cv- X-bv-hm
4160. C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s ssh-Zyp-Xo-I-cn--s- \-K-cw- sIm-
4161. G--hpw _-e-ap- Xm-Sn-sb-p-I D- Po-hn- I-gp-X-p-en
4162. C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s t]m-p-Ko-kv ssh-t{km-bn- Un Ata-U
4163. t^m-th-Uv t]m-fn-kn sIm-p-h- K-h-W P-\-d- en-
{]-`p
4164. C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s t]m-tm-^o-kv B-cw-`n--Xv- sIm--bn
4165. Z-Wv-Un-bm-{X-bn k---`-S-am-v B-th-iw ]-I- Km\w- c-Lp-]-Xn cm-L-h cm-Pm-dmw
4166. C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s tdm-v Km-U N-Wv-Vo-K-Vv
4167. Zzm-c-I B-cp-sS P---esa--dn-b-s-Sp-p- {io-Ir-jv-W
4168. C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s t{S-Uv bq-Wn-b-\m-b a-{Zm-kv te-_
bq-Wn-b m-]n--Xv- in-m-c th-ep sN-n-bm
4169. tc-Wp-I,-N{- -Xm- F-o X-o-S-
- G-Xp kw-m-\
- mWv- ln-am-N {]-tZ-iv
4170. td-kn-Mv ssd-t\m F--dn-b-s-Sp-, C-y-bp-sS bp--- sF.F.F-kv.{_--]p-{X
4171. B-e-q kn-m-{i-a-n-s m-]-I- {_-m-\- in-h-tbmKn
4172. \m-c-m-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-s c-mw {io-e- k--i-\w G-Xv h-j-ambn-cp-p- 1926
4173. k--m-n-s a-sm-cp t]-cv- ]p-p-h-]m-v
4174. tI- c - f bp- n- h m- Z n kw- L - n- s B- Z y {]- k n- U v -
Fw.kn.tPm-k-^v
4175. C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s tm-v F-Iv-kv-tN-v- apw-ss_ (1875)
4176. tdm-f-v Km-tcm Sq-W-sa v F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- {^-v Hm
4177. C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s t\-{X-_m-v m-]n-X-am-b \-K-cw-
sIm--
4178. ssN-\-bn-se B-Zy-s C-y Aw-_m-k-U- k-Zm
sI.Fw.]-Wn-
4179. C-ym K-h-sa v 2005 B-cw-`n- `m-c-Xv \n-am ]-Xn-bp-sS e-yw- {Km-a-hn-I-k-\w
4180. cm-Po-hv Km-n A-m-Z-an Hm-^v G-hn-tb-j sS-Iv-t\m-f-Pn Fhn-sS-bm-Wv- Xn-cp-h-\--]p-cw
4181. ssh-Zyp-Xn-bp-sS G--hpw an-I- N-e-Iw- sh-n
4182. 1971-se C-tm- ]m-Iv bp--k-a-b-v {]-Xn-tcm-[ a-{n-bmbn-cp--Xv- P-Kv-Po-h dmw
4183. ssI-q-en-s B-Ir-Xn-bn Im-W-s-Sp--Xv G-Xp X-cw ta-L-fm-Wv- kn-d-kv ta-L-
4184. C-y-bp-sS N-{-\n-te-p- bm-{Xm-]--Xn- Nm-{-bm-1
4185. K-Zy-cq-]-n-ep- G-I-th-Zw- b-Pp-th-Zw
4186. C-y-bp-sS s\--d- B-{m-{]-tZ-iv
4187. C-y-bp-sS sa-e-Un Izo F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- e-Xm a-t-jvI
4188. K-Zy-hpw ]-Zy-hpw C-S-I-e-n-bp- km-ln-Xy-cq-]w- N-p
4189. L-\-P-e-n-s cm-k-\m-aw- Uyp-o-cn-bw Hm-Iv-ssk-Uv
4190. l-n-Mv ]-n-I-fp-sS \m-Sv F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw- {Sn-\n-UmUv
4191. C-y-bp-sS sX-t-b--p- sd-bn-th t-j -I-\ym-Ipam-cn
4192. C-y-bp-sS tam-tm kv-t]m-Sv-kv X-e-m-\w F--dn-b-s-Sp-Xv--tIm-b--q
4193. l-j C-l-tem-I-hm-kw sh-Sn- h-jw- F.Un. 647
4194. C-y-bp-sS km--n-I X-e-m-\w- apw-ss_
4195. C-Izn-em-_v kn-m-_m-Zv F- {]-tbm-K-n-s D-]-m-Xmhv- ap-l--Zv C-Iv-_m
4196. Km-\v-[n-Pn-bp-sS A-- ]p-Xv-en `m-bn
4197. Pq-X-am-cp-sS B-cm-[-\m-e-bw- kn-\-tKm-Kv
4198. C-e-Iv-t{Sm-F-sk-^m-tem-{Kmw I-p-]n-Sn--Xv- lm-kv s_K(1929)
4199. C-n-cm-Km-n-h-[w A-t\z-jn- I-n-j- Xm- I-o-j
4200. Pq-X-cp-sS a-X-{K-w- tXm-d
4201. ssN-\-bp-sS tZ-io-b-Km-\-am-b am-v Z thm-fn-tb-gv-kv c-Nn-Xv- Xn-bm lm
4202. tdm-t_m-n-Iv-kn-s ]n-Xm-hv F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- tPm Fw-Kns_-P
4203. Km-\v-[n-Pn-sb B-g-n kzm-[o-\n- Cw-o-jv km-aq-ln-I ]cn-jv-I-m-hv- tPm d-kv-In
4204. C-y-bp-sS tZ-io-b ]-n-bm-bn a-bn-en-s\ Xo-cp-am-\n- hjw- 1963
4205. C-dm-\n-se s\-tm-fn-b F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- an-ln-cm-Ip-e
4206. C-e-Iv-{Sn-Iv td-k I-p-]n-Sn--Xm-cv- tP--_v jn-Iv
4207. Km-\v-[n-Pn-sb B-Zy-am-bn- a-lm-Xv-am-hv- F-v- hn-fn--Xv- Sm-tKm4208. km-h-tZm Zm-en-bp-am-bn _--s- I-e- Nn-{X-I-e
4209. C-y-bp-sS sPm-hm Hm-^v B-v- F-p hn-ti-jn-n-p-Xm-sc- Qm-kn dm-Wn
22
A-d-v sN--s-Sp- ]u-c-\v A-Xn-s Im-c-Ww A-dn-bm\p- A-h-Im-iw hy-h- sN-p- `-c-W-L-S-\m A-\pt-Zw G-Xm-Wv
A-d-v sN--s- hy-n-sb 24 a-Wn-q-dn-\p-n A-Spp- a-Pn-kv-t{S-n-\p-ap-n lm-P-cm--Ww F-v hy-h sN-p- `-c-W-L-S-\m A-\p-t-Zw G-Xm-Wv
F-{Xm-a-s hn H-fn-n-Iv-km-Wv 2014 te-Xv
tem-Ivk
- `
- b
- n-\n-pw cm-Py-k`
- b
- n-\n-p-ap- Aw-K
-
D-s-sS ]-n-Iv A-u-v-kv I-n-n-bp-sS Aw-K-_-ew
a-\p-jy-s X-e-tbm-n-bn-se A-n-I-fp-sS F-w
F-{X h-jw-sIm-m-Wv Xm-Pv-a-l-en-s ]-Wn ]q-n-bmb-Xv
92 a-s t`-Z-K-Xn-tbm-sS (2004) `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS F-mw
sj-Uyp-fn-se `m-j-I F-{X-sb--am-bn
Xp-S--n C-y `-c-W-L-S-\-bv-v F-{X `m-K--fmWp-n-bn-cp--Xv
A-d
- n-\pw I-cp-X X-S
- e
- n-\p-sa-Xn-cm-b kw-c
- W
- w \Ip- `-c-W-L-S-\m A-\p-t-Zw
lo-{_p A--c-am-e-bn-se A--c--fp-sS F-w
F-{X Im-c-v kz-W-am-Wv 916 tKm-Uv F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv
C-y-bn F-{Xm-aX
- v cq-]w-sIm- kw-m-\a
- m-Wv kn-nw
B-`-c-W- D-m-m D-]-tbm-Kn-p--Xv F-{X Im-c-v
kz-Wa
- m-Wv
{In--n ]n-n-s \o-fw F-{X hm-c(bm-Uv)bm-Wv
4210. C-e-Iv-t{Sm- Im-Un-tbm-{Kmw- I-p-]n-Sn--Xv- hn-eyw- sF-tmh4211. km--n-I A-Sn-b--cm-h--sb-p-dn-v {]-Xn-]m-Zn-p- `c-W-L-S-\m A-\p-t-Zw- B-n-n 360
4212. ssl-tm-Kv-ssf-ko-an-b F-m- c--n ]--km-c Ip-dbp- A-h-
4213. Im-bw-Ip-fw Xm-]-\n-e-b-n-se C--\w- \m-^v-X
4214. km--n-I im-kv-{X-n-s ]n-Xm-hv- B-Uw kv-an-v
4215. C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s tZ-io-tbm-Zym-\w- tIm-_-v tZ-io-tbmZym-\w
4216. km cm-P-hw-iw `-cn-n-cp- cm-Pyw- d-jy
4217. C-y-bp-sS-bpw ]m-In-kv-Xm-s-bpw A-Xn-n \n-W-bn- {_no-jv \n-b-a-- kn-dn dm-Uv-n-^v
4218. km-kv tcm-Kw _m-[n-p- A-h-b-hw- izm-k-tIm-iw
4219. C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s, B-kq-{Xn-X kw-m-\ X-e-m-\w-
N-WvU
- n-KV
- v
4220. l-cn-bm-\- kw-kv-Ym-\-s- {]-[m-\- \-Zn- -L4221. km-ap-h l-\n-am G-Xp cm-Py-m-c-\m-bn-cp-p- P-a-\n
4222. km-ap-Km bp-w G-Xv ap-K N-{I-h-n-bp-sS knw-lm-k-\-amWv D-d-n--Xv- Hu-dw-K-ko-_v
4223. C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s U-]yq-n kv-]o-- Fw.F.A--m
4224. l-cn-bm-\-bn-se {]-[m-\-`m-j- ln-n
4225. sam-t-Kp sNw-kv-t^m-Uv `-c-W-]-cn-jv-Im-cw- 1919
4226. sam-Wm-en-k- F- {]-kn--am-b Nn-{Xw h-c--Xv- en-bm-WmtUm Um-hn-n
4227. ssk--h-kw-kv-Im-c-n-s `m-K-am-b lm-c- I-s-n-b-Xv Z-bm dmw km-n
4228. ssl-{U-P t_mw-_n-s A-Sn-m-\ X-zw- \yq-n-b ^yqj
4229. l-cn-bm-\ l-cn-t F--dn-b-s-Sp- {In--- I-]n-tZ-hv
4230. tem-I-n-s kw-`-c-W-im-e F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw- sa-Ivkn-tm
4231. Nn-n-\n h-\y-Po-hn k-t-Xw m-]n-X-am-b h-jw- 1984
4232. l-j-s X-e-m-\w- I-\u-Pv
4233.
4234.
4235.
4236.
4237.
4238.
4239.
4240.
4241.
4242.
4243.
4244.
4245.
4246.
4247.
4248.
4249.
4250.
4251.
4252.
4253.
4254.
4255.
4256.
4257.
4258.
4259.
4260.
4261.
4262.
4263.
4264.
4265.
4266.
4267.
4268.
4269.
4270.
CONFUSING FACTS
Dj kvIq Hm^v AXvenIvkv tImgntmSv Pnbnse
sImbnemnbnemWv. ]n.Sn. Dj tImnwKv sk
Xncph\]pcmWv
sjbvJv A_vZp (190682)bmWv Imivao knwlw.
emem ePv]Xv dmbn (18651928)bmWv ]m_v knwlw.
am[hnpnbpw
A\pPn
kptemN\bpw
tNsgpXnb t\mhemWv IhmSw. am[hnpnbpw
sI.F. taml\habpw tNsgpXnb t\mhemWv
Aamhmkn.
IYIfnbn {][m\ KmbI s]mm\n Fpw
klKmbI innSn Fpw AdnbsSpp.
C\mjW tImv Hm^v Pnkv (Amcmjv{S
\oXn\ymb tImSXn), C\mjW {Inan\ tImv
FnhbpsS Bm\w s\XeUv k nse tlKv
F \KcnemWv.
4271. Nn-d-Ip-I \o-m D-]-tbm-Kn-p- ]-n- s]-Kzn
4272. m-\-]oTw t\-Sn-b B-Zy-s t\m-h-en-v- Xm-cm-i- _m\-Pn
4273. -Um-\yq-_v \-Zn sN-p-tN-cp- I-S- I-cn--S
4274. Im-d am-Iv-kv A--cn- h-jw- 1883
4275. Um--Wn-kw F--dn-b-s-Sp- tcm-Kw- h-Wm--X
4276. Um-hn tem-Iw Np-n {]-Ir-Xn ]-cy-S-\w \-S-n-b I--en-s
t]-cv- F-v.Fw.F-kv._o-Kn
4277. X-Ym-K-X F-p-a-dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- {io-_p-
4278. Xz-n-s ]p-d-s ]m-fn- F-n-sU-an-kv
4279. Z C-y kv-{S-Kn B-cp-sS B--I-Y-bm-Wv- t\-Xm-Pn kp-`mjv t_m-kv
4280. cm-jv-{S-]-Xn, D-]-cm-jv-{S-]-Xn, tem-Iv-k-`mw-Kw F-n-h-cp-sS Imem-h-[n- A-p-h-jw
4281. s\m-t_ k-m-\w e-`n- G--hpw {]m-bw Ip-d- hy-n-
hn-eyw tem-d-kv {_m-Kv
4282. ssl-{U-P-s\-q-Sm-sX kq-cy-\n-ep- H-cp {]-[m-\ hm-X-Iw-
lo-en-bw
4283. Im-e-n-s I-t]m-e-n-se I-p-\o-p-n- F-v Xm-Pv-al-en-s\ hn-ti-jn-n--Xv- c-_o-{-\m-Yv Sm-tKm
4284. tZ-io-b A-Sn-b--cm-h- B-Zy-am-bn {]-Jym-]n--s-Sp-tm
(1962) {]-[m-\-a-{n--P-hm-l-em s\-{lp
4285. tI-c-fo-b am-Xr-I-bn bq-tdm-]y-am C-y-bn \n-an- BZy-s a-n-cw- a-m-t-cn sIm-m-cw
4286. tI-c-fo-b F--dn-b-s--Xv- I-S-{]-b-v Ip-- \-ym
4287. Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se B-Zy sd-bn-th-sse- sIm-w--Xn-cps\-th-en(1904)
4288. Izn-ss\ e-`n-p- k-kyw- kn-tm-W
4289. ssl--sam-t{Sm-n-b-bp-sS a-sm-cp t]-cv- Zo-L-Zr-jv-Sn
4290. Izo kn-n F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- ^n-em-sU-^n-b
4291. cm-Po-hv Km-n h-[w kw-_-n- {]-tXy-I A-t\z-j-W-kw-Ls \-bn--Xv- Un.B.Im-n-tI-b
4292. c-mw A-e-Iv-km- F-v N-cn-{X-Im-c-am hn-ti-jn-n-p-Xv- Z-a-{Xn-b-v
4293. jm-\m-a G-Xp `m-j-bn c-Nn--s-p- t]-jy
4294. Z C-ssk-U F- t\m-h c-Nn--Xv- ]n.hn.\-c-knw-l-dmhp
4295. jm-n hw-i-n-se G--hpw a-lm- jw-kp-o C-{_mlnw(14011440)
4296. jm-ev-am `-cn- cm-Pyw- {^m-kv
4297. Jm-cn-^v Im-ew G-Xp k-a-b-m-Ip-p- Pq--sk-]v-Xw-_
4298. jm-Mv-lm-bv \-K-cw G-Xp-cm-Py-m-Wv- ssN-\
4299. jm-P-lm \n-an- X-e-m-\ \-K-cw- jm-P-lm-\m-_m-Zv
4300. k- t - i - h m- l - I - c m- b n ]- v D- ] - t bm- K n- n- c p- ]- n- I
- {]m-hv
23
CONFUSING FACTS
{io-_p--s `m-cy b-tim-[-c-bpw a-lm-ho-c-s `m-cy btim-[-bpw B-bn-cp-p.
tem-I-n-se B-Zy-s m-v s]-n m-v (1840).
C-y-bn-te-Xv kn-v [m-v (1852).
C-ym-N-cn-{X-n-se kp-h-W-Im-ew Kp-]v-X-Im-e-L-w.
tI-cf
- N-cn-{X-n-se kp-h-WI
- m-ew Ip-et- i-Jc
- -am-cp-sS Imew.
a-e-bm-f ]-{X-cw-K-v Hm-^v-sk-v kw-hn-[m-\w \-S-m-nb B-Zy-]-{Xw tZ-im-`n-am-\n-bpw (1979) ^m-Iv-kn-an-en(H-cp bqWn-n-\n-v a-sm-cp bq-Wn-n-te-v t]-Pp-I {Sm-kv-an-v
sN-bv-Xv A--Sn-p- co-Xn) kw-hn-[m-\w B-cw-`n- B-Zy ]{Xw a-e-bm-f a-t\m-c-a-bpw (1986) B-Wv.
tI-c-f am-Iv-kv F--dn-b-s--Xv sI.Zm-tam-Z-c-\m-Wv. tIc-f {Iq-jv-tN-hv Fw.F.tKm-hn--\m-b.
4401. i-n--en A-y-\n-{Z-sIm-p- C-y {]-[m-\-a-{n C-n-cm-Km-n
4402. I-n-sh--n A-b-Un em-b-\n tN-p-tm \o-e\n-dw In-p- h-kv-Xp- A--Pw
4403. I--S A-W-s-v G-Xp Pn--bn- sIm-w
4404. I-v ]p-fn-p-tm ]-X-p-s]m-p- hm-X-Iw- Im-_
U-tbm-Iv-ssk-Uv
4405. c-mw tem-I bp--m-e-v P-m-\n-en-Sm-\p- t_mw-_v \nan-p--Xn-\p- ]--Xn- am-l- ]--Xn
4406. tI-c-f-n Im-W-s-Sp- ssS-m-\n-bw A-S-n-bn-cn-p- [mXp- C-a-ss\-v
4407. G-Xp cm-Py-s {]-[m-\ `m-j-bm-Wv Zm-cn--A-^v-Km-\n-kv-Xm
4408. tbm-K-t-a-k-` cq-]w-sIm--Xv G-Xv k-ap-Zm-b-n-s ]p-tcmK-Xn e-y-an-m-Wv- {_m--W-k-ap-Zm-bw
4409. ssX-m-Sv A--bp-sS b-Ym-Y-t]-cv- kp--cm-b
4410. A-`n-\-h tI-c-fw F- {]-kn-o-I-c-Ww m-]n--Xv- hm-Kv-`-Sm\-
4411. km--c-X-bp-sS ]n-Xm-hv F-v hn-ti-jn-n--s- tI-c-f-nse \-thm-m-\ \m-b-I- Nm-h-d Ip-cym-tm-kv G-en-bm-kv
4412. B-[p-\n-I tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy-s km-aq-ln-I ]-cn-jv-I-mhv- ssh-Ip-WvT-kzm-an
4413. tI-c-f-n G--hpw Iq-Sp-X Im-ew D-]-ap-Jy-a-{n-bm-bn-cp-Xv- A-hp-m-Z-Ip-n \-l
4414. C-y `-c-W-L-S-\-bn-se \n-t-i-I X-z--sf 1935se Kh.Hm-^v C-y B-Iv-Sn-se C-kv-{Sp-sa v Hm-^v C-kv-{S-kp-am-bn Xm-c-X-ay-s-Sp-n-b-Xm-cv--_n.B.Aw-t_-Zv-I
4415. G-Xp hn-P-b-\-K-c cm-Pm-hn-s Im-e-s-p-dn-m-Wv C-_v _q- X-s c-lv-e F- ]p-kv-X-I-n hn-h-cn-p--Xv- lcn-l-c H-m-a
4416. c-p `q-JW
- vU
-
- f
- n n-Xn sN-p- \-Kc
- w- C-kvX
- mw-_p
4417. tZ-io-b Im-bn-I Zn-\m-Nc
- W
- h
- pw-am-bn _-s
- - hy-n- [ym
N-v
4418. tZ-io-b km--c-Xm-an-j- {]-h--\m-a-cw-`n--Xv- 1988
4419. Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se A-hk
- m-\s
- h-\n-Xm `-cW
- m-[n-Im-cn- tkXp-e-v-ao-`m-bn
4420. Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se B-Zy h-\n-Xm k-P P-\-d--ta-cn ]p eq-tm-kv
4421. tI-c-f-n G--hpw Iq-Sp-X {]m-h-iyw a-{n-bm-bn k-Xy
{]-Xn- sN-bv-X t\-Xm-hv- sI.Fw.am-Wn
4422. ln-tcm-jn-a-bn ho-W t_mw-_n-s t]-cv- en-n t_m-bv
4423. G-Xp hn-t-Pv F-d-Wm-Ip-fw Pn--tbm-Sv tN--tm-fm-Wv G-hpw h-en-b Pn--sb- _-lp-a-Xn C-Sp-n Pn--bv-v \-jv-S-s-Xv- Ip--p-g
4424. tI-cf
-
- n G-h
- pw Iq-Sp-X im-JI
- f
- p- s]m-Xp-ta-Je
- m hmWn-Py _m-v- t-v _m-v Hm-^v C-y
4425. tI-c-f-N-cn-{X-ayq-kn-bw n-Xn sN-p--Xv- C-S--n
24
CONFUSING FACTS
tI-c-f-n sS-en-hn-j kw-t{]--Ww B-cw-`n--Xv
1982. a-e-bm-f ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fp-sS kw-t{]--Ww B-cw-`n-Xv 1985.
kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn, ssl-tm-S-Xn P-Uv-Pn-am-sc \n-b-an-p-Xv {]-kn-Um-Wv. K-h-W-dm-Wv Pn-m P-Uv-Pn-am-sc \nb-an-p--Xv .
C-y-bn ]-Z-hn-bn-cn-s A--cn- B-Zy {]-[m-\-a-{n
P-hm-l-em-s\-{lp-hpw ]-Z-hn-bn-cn-s A--cn- B-Zy
{]-kn-U v tUm.k-o lp-ssk-\p-am-Wv.
\-f-N-cn-Xw B---Y D-m-bn-hm-cy-cp-sS c-N-\-bm-Wv. Ip \-ym-cm-Wv \-f-N-cn-Xw Xp- c-Nn--Xv.
k-_-a-Xn-bn-se k-ym-kn F--dn-b-s--Xv Km-n-Pn-bmWv. ]u-\m-dn-se k-ym-kn F--dn-b-s--Xv hn-t\m-_m
`m-sh-bm-Wv.
4511.
4512.
4513.
4514.
4515.
4516.
4517.
4518.
4519.
4520.
4521.
4522.
4523.
4524.
4525.
4526.
4527.
4528.
4529.
4530.
4531.
4532.
4533.
4534.
4535.
4536.
4537.
4538.
4539.
4540.
4541.
25
tem-Ik
v- `- m Xn-cs
- -Sp-n a-c
- n-m-\m-hi
- y-am-b Ip-d {]m-bw
C-y `-cW
- L
- S- \
- {]-Im-cw a-Xk
- zm-X{- yw A-\p-hZ- n-n-cnp- h-Ip-v
kw-m-\ ap-Jy-a{- n-bm-Im-\m-hi
- y-am-b Ip-d
{]m-bw
B-cp-sS-sb-n-epw h-kX
v- p k-m G-s-Sp-p-tm \Ip- \-jSv- ]
- c
- n-lm-cs
- kw-_
- n-v tIm-SX
- n-If
- n ]-cmXn-s-Sm D-m-bn-cp- A-hI
- m-iw C-m-Xm-n-b `-cW
- L
- S-\m t`-ZK
- X
- n F-{Xm-at- -Xm-Wv
C-y {]-[m-\a
- {- n-bm-Im-\m-hi
- y-am-b Ip-d
{]m-bw
C-y bq-Wn-b\
- n-se F-{Xm-as
- kw-m-\a
- m-Wv tKm-h
a-\p-jy-\v hy-a
- m-b Im-gN
v- b
-
v- p- G-h
- pw Ip-d
Zq-cw
(\n-IS- _n-p) F-{X skn-ao-d
- m-Wv
A-ta-cn-b
- n {]-Xn-\n-[n-k`- mw-Ka
- m-Im-\m-hi
- y-am-b Ip-d
{]m-bw
B-\b
- p-sS lr-Zb
- a
- n-Sn-v an-\n-n F-{X-bm-Wv
\n-ba
- k
- `- m Xn-cs
- -Sp-n a-c
- n-m-\m-hi
- y-am-b Ip-d
{]m-bw
kn-h Pq-_n-en B-tLm-jn-p-X
- v F-{Xm-as
- B-\nth-gk
v- d
- n-bn-em-Wv
A-Izm-do-Pn-bb
- n ss\-{Sn-Iv B-kn-Uv F-{X i-Xa
- m-\a
- m-Wv
hn-eyw tem-d-kv {_m-Km-Wv G-h
- pw Ip-d
{]m-b
- n
s\m-t_ k-m-\
- n-\v A-l\
- m-bX
- (v 1915) . F-{Xm-as
-
h-b
- n-em-Wv A-t-lw Cu t\-w ssI-hc
- n-X
- v
cm-Py-k`- b
- p-sS Izm-dw F-{X t]-cm-Wv
4575. th-Zm- tIm-tf-Pv 1825 m-]n--Xm-cv- cm-Pm-dmw tam-l
tdm-bv
4576. k-a-Xz-k-am-Pw 1836 m-]n- km-aq-ln-I ]-cn-jv-I-m-hv ssh-Ip-WvT-kzm-an
4577. A-m-cm-jv-{S ^p-Sv-t_m a-k-c-n-s ssZ-Lyw- 90 an\n-v
4578. hr--Kw-K- F-p- hn-fn--s-Sp-- \-Zn--tKm-Zm-h-cn4579. F-h-d-v sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-v B t]-cp \-In-b-Xv tI-W B{Up-hm-Kv
4580. G-Xp cm-Py-n-s ]-g-b t]-cm-Wv sl-th-jy- kzn-v-k-eUv
4581. G--hpw- Iq-Sp-X- hm-cn-sb-p-I-fp- Po-hn- ]m-v4582. H.sl-dn B-cp-sS Xq-en-Im-\m-aw- hn-eyw kn-Uv-\n t]m-
4583. ]m--bp-sS c--n-s \n-dw- \n-d-an-
4584. P-K-Zv-Kp-cp F--dn-b-s- _o-Pm-q kp-m- C-{_m-lnw
B-Zn jm c-m-a
4585. 1920 tN- F.sF.Sn.bp.kn.bp-sS H-mw k-t-f-\-n
A-[y--X h-ln--Xv- em-em-e-Pv-]-Xv dm-bn
4586. ]m-e-san Aw-K-a-m- H-cm-v ]-c-am-h-[n F-{X Im-ew
{]-[m-\-a-{n ]-Z-n Xp-S-cmw- B-dv am-kw4587. `q-an-bp-sS Kp-cp-Xzm-I-j-Ww A-Xn-Po-hn-m _-ln-cm-Im-i-t]S-I-n-\p-th- Ip-d- th-Kw- 11.2In.ao. {]-Xn sk- v
4588. {io-\-K-dn-se jm-en-am ]q-tm-w \n-an--Xv- P-lmw-Ko
4589. {Zm-hn-U I-g-Iw- m-]n--Xv- C.hn.cm-a-kzm-an \m-bv-
4590. Po-hn-X-Im-ew ap-gp-h a-sm-cp Po-hn-bp-sS ]m Ip-Sn-p- GI Po-hn- a-\p-jy
4591. 1921 H--m-e-v \-S- {]-Y-a A-Jn-e tI-c-f tIm-{K-kv
k-t-f-\-n A-[y--X h-ln--Xv- Sn. {]-Im-iw
4592. a-cp-`q-an G--hpw Ip-d-p- `q-J-Wv-Uw- bq-tdm-v
4593. a-[p-c ao-\m-n t-{Xw \n-an--Xv- Xn-cp-a-e \m-b-Iv
4594. {Zp-]Z- v F-m-se--v H-cp X-cw ln-p-m-\n m-kn- kw-Ko-Xw
4595. m-v ]-tKm-U F--dn-b-s-Sp- t-{Xw- sIm-Wm-n-se
kq-cy-t-{Xw
4596. A-`n-\-h-t`m-P F--dn-b-s--Xv- Ir-jv-W-tZ-h-cm-b
4597. {io-\m-cm-bW
- [-a ]-cn-]m-e\
- t- bmKw m-]n-X-am-b h-jw-1903
4598. P-lmw-Ko \-Kd
- n-s C-tm-gs
-
t]-cv- [m-
4599. h-[n-s
- -- B-Zy- A-ta-cn-- {]kn- U - v-
F- { _- l mwen-4600. G-Xv I-o-j-s in-]m-i {]-Imc-am-Wv dn-k-hv _m-v \n-e-hn
h--Xv- ln- b-Mv
4601. h-[n--s- B-Zy-s kn-Jv Kpcp- A-Pp tZ-hv
4602. G-Xp cm-Py-n-s tIm-f\
- n-bm-Wv
Pn-{_m-- Cw--v
Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se
4603. D- {]-tZ-in-se ap-K-k-cm-bn- B-Zy-s {]-[m-\-a-{n-
bn 1904 H-Iv-tSm-_ c-n-\p P]- w Xm- W p- ] n-
\n- C-y {]-[m-\-a-{n- em
_-lm-Zq-im-kv-{Xn
4604. H-cp ]-Zm-Yw I-p-tm \-S-p- {]-h--\w- Hm-Iv-ko-Ic-Ww
4605. dn-Iv-S kv-sI-bn-en A-f-p--Xv- `q-I-w
4606. a-e-p-g A-W-s-v G-Xv h-Ip-n-s ta-t\m--n-em-Wv- Pe-tk-N-\w
4607. tPm Hm-^v B-p-am-bn _--s- bp-w- i-X-h-k-c-bpw
4608. dn-k-hv _m-v Hm-^v C-y tZ-i-km-Xv-I-cn--s- h-jw- 1949
4609. h-[n--s- G-I {_n-o-jv C-y-bn-se ssh-t{km-bn- ta-tbm
{]-`p
4610. H-cn- am-{Xw ^-e-ap-m-Ip- k-kyw- hm-g
4611. G--hpw Xm-W Du-jv-am-hn Po-hn-m I-gn-bp- ]-n- F-d s]-Kzn
4612. G-e-n-s P--tZ-iw- Z-n-tW-y
4613. G-gp Zzo-]p-I-fp-sS \-K-cw F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- apw-ss_
4614. G-gp-a-e-I-fp-sS \-K-cw F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- tdmw
4615. tKm-J-se bp-sS cm-jv-{So-b-Kp-cp--Fw.Pn.dm-\-tU
4616. A-m-cm-jv-{S h-\n-Xm h-jw- 1975
4617. A-[-\--\m-b ^-o F-v Km-n-Pn-sb hn-fn- {_n-o-jv
{]-[m-\-a-{n hn- N-n
4618. am-m-Wv-U-h-a U-p-Im-sc tXm-]n- bp-w- Ip-f-
(1741)
4619. A-bn-tm-m-S-\-\n-b-aw ]m-e-sa v ]m-km-n-b h-jw-1955
4620. a-e-_m-dn-se B-Zy- P-e-ssh-Zyp-X-]--Xn- Ip-ym-Sn4621. G-Xp cm-Py-p-sh-m-Wv d-jy hn--h-t\-Xm-hv t{Sm-Sv-kv-In h[n--s--Xv- sa-Iv-kn-tm
4622. h-[n--s- B-Zy tI-{-a-{n- F.F.an-{i
4623. G-Xp cm-Py-v {]-Nm-c-n-ep- Nn-In-m-k-{-Zm-b-am-Wv AIyp-]-Mv-N- ssN-\
4624. G--hpw sN-dn-b ap--bn-Sp- ]-n- l-n-Mv ]-n
4625. F-en-^ v sh--m-w G-Xp kw-m-\-m-Wv- ta-Lm-e-b
4626. tlm-q-kv a-e-_m-dn--kn-s aq-e-Ir-Xn- tI-c-fm-cm-aw
4627. G-Xp cm-Py-am-Wv A-em-kv-I {]-tZ-iw bp.F-kv.F.bv-p \In-b-Xv- d-jy
4628. G-Im- Zzo-]v F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- {Sn- Un Ip-l
4629. Xm-k-s Kp-cp- kzm-an l-cn-Zm-kv
4630. G-IX
- m-kY
v- e
- n- A-y-\n-{Z-sIm-p- {]-kn-U v- Kym-\n- skbn-kn-Mv4631. G-I-Zn-\ {In--n 15000 d-kv t\-Sn-b B-Zy I-fn-m-c-
k-n sS-Up-
4632. G--hpw ]-g-w sN- tZ-io-b-]-Xm-I G-Xv cm-Py-n-t-Xm-Wv sU-m-v
4633. X-e-t-cn-bn-\n-v 1907 aq-tm-v Ip-am-c-s t\-Xr-Xzn \-S--s-n-cp- {]-kn-o-I-c-Ww- an-X-hm-Zn
4634. G-jy-bn-em-Zy-am-bn H-cp bq-tdm-]y-i-n ]-cm-P-b-s- bp-w Ip-f- bp-w(1741)
4635. F-cn-t{Xm-ssk-v-kv F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- Np-h--c-m-Wp-
CONFUSING FACTS
sF-Iy-cm-jv-{S-k-`-bp-sS Nm- Aw-Ko-I-cn--Xv 1945 Pq
26-\v B-Wv. sF-Iy-cm-jv-{S-k-` \n-e-hn-h- Xo-b-Xn
1945 H-Iv-tSm-_ 24 B-Wv.
_m-e-Kw-Km-[-c-Xn-e-I-s ]-{X-am-b tI-k-cn a-dmTn `m-j-bnepw -'Mahratha' Cw-o-jn-ep-am-Wv {]-kn-o-I-cn-n-cp--Xv.
1912 au-em-\m A-_p I-emw B-km-Zv Xp-S-n-b D-dpZp hm-cn-I-bm-Wv A ln-em. 1914 ]-{X-am-c-W-\n-ba-{]-Im-cw {_n-o-j-[n-Im-cn-I A ln-em ]n-Sn-s-Sp-tm B-km-Zv Xp-S-n-b-Xm-Wv A _-em-Lv.
tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy-s tIm- s]m-eo-kv t-j \o-I-c. Sq-dn-kw s]m-eo-kv t-j a-m-t-cn.
C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s k-q-W km--c ]--Ww tIm-b-am-Wv (1989 Pq 25). F-d-Wm-Ip-f-am-Wv C-y-bn-se
B-Zy-s k-q-W km--c Pn- (1990 ^n-{_-h-cn 4).
4636.
4637.
4638.
4639.
4640.
4641.
4642.
4643.
4644.
4645.
4646.
4647.
4648.
4649.
4650.
4651.
4652.
4653.
4654.
4655.
4656.
4657.
4658.
4659.
4660.
4661.
4662. G-j-y,- bq-tdm-v,- B-{^n-- F-o- h-I-c-I-fp-sS- kw-K-a-kv-Ym\-n-\-Sp-v- kv-Yn-Xn-sN-p-- Zzo-]-p-cm-jv-{Sw- --ssk-{]-kv4663. G-jy sK-bnw-kn-\v B-Xn-tY-b-Xzw h-ln- B-Zy-s K^v cm-Pyw- J-
4664. C-y-bp-sS ]-c-tam--X _-lp-a-Xn-bm-b `m-c-X-c-Xv-\-bpw ]m-Inkv-Xm-s ]-c-tam--X _-lp-a-Xn-bm-b \n-jm- C- ]m-In-kvXm-\pw e-`n- G-I- `mc-Xob - sam-dm-Pn tZ-im-bn
4665. G--hpw Xm-gv- {Z-h-Wm--hpw Xn-f-\n-e-bp-ap- tem-lw- sap-dn
4666. im-kv-{Xo-b tkm-jy-en-k-n-s ]n-Xm-hv- Im-d am-Iv-kv
4667. G--hpw hn-kv-Xo-Ww Iq-Sn-b K-^v cm-Pyw- ku-Zn A-td-_y
4668. C- y- b p- s S ]- - k m- c - n- w- F - - d n- b - s -- S p- - X v D--{]-tZ-iv
4669. im-kv-{Xo-b tPym-Xn-im-kv-{X-n-s ]n-Xm-hv- sI-]v-f
4670. C-y-bp-sS ]n-Xm-a-l F--dn-b-s--Xv Z-bm-\-v k-c-kz-Xn
4671. G--hpw hn-kv-Xo-Ww Iq-Sn-b tIm-a-sh-v Aw-K-cm-Pyw-
Im-\-U
4672. Z-n-tW-y-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b \-Zn- tKm-Zm-h-cn
4673. G--hpw Iq-Sp-X \n-b-a-k-`mw-K--fp- kw-m-\w- D-{]-tZ-iv
4674. \-h-Pm-X in-ip-hn-s lr-Z-b kv-]--\ \n-c-v- an-\n-n 130 Xh-W
4675. \m-fn-tI-c hn-I-k-\ t_m-Un-s B-m-\w- sIm-n
4676. ]-w Xm-Wp-]n- cq-]-h--cn- ]m-n- U-tam-{Im-n-Iv tkmjy-en-v ]m-n
4677. ]p-Xn-b A-Jn-te-ym k-ho-kv cq-]-h--cn-m-\p- {]-tabw B-Zyw A-h-X-cn-n--s-tS--Xv- cm-Py-k-`-bn
4678. G--hpw Iq-Sp-X ]-{X--fp- C-y kw-m-\w- D-
{]-tZ-iv
4679. G--hpw ho-Xn Iq-Sn-b I-S-en-Sp-v- tU-hn-kv
4680. G--hpw hr-m-Im-c-am-b {]-Z-n-W-]-Y-ap- {K-lw- ip-{I
4681. a-lm-t_m-[n t-{Xw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- t_m-[v-K-b
4682. _m- Km-n F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv C-{_mw-lnw dp-tKm-h
4683. A-b k-t^-n-s \n-dw- ]-
4684. tKm-h-bp-sS Po-h-tc-J F--dn-b-s-Sp- \-Zn- a-Wv-tUm-hn
4685. G--hpw h-en-b A-I-ti-cp-In- P-b v kv-Izn-Uv
4686. G--hpw h-en-b `m-jm tKm-{Xw- C-tm--bq-tdm-]y
4687. sS--\-kv, -bw,hn--Np-a F-n-h-bv-p-Im-c-W-am-b-Xv- _mIv-So-cn-b
4688. {]m-No-\ C-y-bp-sS kp-h-W-Im-ew F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv G-Xv
hw-i-n-s Im-ew- Kp-]v-X-Im-ew
4689. {]-kn-U v ]-Z-hn-bn-en-cn-s A--cn-m ti-jn- Im-e-tv ssh-kv {]-kn-U v B ]-Z-hn h-ln-m hy-h--bp-
cm-Pyw- bp.F-kv.F.
4690. H-cm-v F-{X h-jw C-y-bn Xm-a-kn-m-em-Wv ]u-c-Xzn-\v A-t]-n-m I-gn-bp--Xv- 5
4691. G--hpw h-en-b cm-P-Ip-Spw-_w D- cm-Pyw- ku-Zn A-td-_y
4692. {]-kn-Up-`-c-Ww \n-e-hn-h- B-Zy C-y kw-m-\w-
]-m-_v
4693. G--hpw h-en-b B--dn- A-tbm-
4694. G-Xp cm-Py-n-s tZ-io-b Nn--am-Wv H-en-hv in-J-cw- {Ko-kv
4695. G--hpw th-K-n h-f-cp- ]p-h-K-k-kyw- ap-f
4696. G--hpw- Ip-d-p-Im-ew- {]-kn-Um-bn-cp--Xv- tUm.- k-o- lpssk4697. X-an-gv kn-\n-am-hy-h-km-b-n-\p tIm-fn-hp-Uv F-p t]-cp-e-`nm Im-c-W-am-b -ew- tIm-S-m-w
4698. G--hpw- th-K-ta-dn-b k-kv-X-\n- -No-
4699. G--hpw- h-ep-w- Iq-Sn-b X-h-f tKm-en-bm-v X-h-f
4700. F.sI.47 tXm-v I-p-]n-Sn--Xv- an-Jm-tb Sn-tam-^n-hn-v
I-em-jv-\n-tm-hv
4701. G--hpw Ip-d-p-Im-ew `-cn- ap-K cm-Pm-hv--_m-_
4702. D- {]-tZ-in-s ]-g-b-t]-cv- bp-ssW--Uv s{]m-hn-kv
4703. in-h-Pn-bp-sS am-Xm-hv- Po-Pm-`m-bn
4704. G-Xp cm-Py-n-s `-c-W-L-S-\-bm-Wv am-Xr-Im `-c-W-L-S-\-sbp hn-ti-jn-n--s-Sp--Xv- {_n-
4705. in-h-Pn-bp-sS A-h-km-\-s ssk-\n-I ]-cy-S-\w- I-Wm-S-Iw
26
4735.
4736.
4737.
4738.
4739.
4740.
4741.
4742.
4743.
4744.
4745.
4746.
4747.
4748.
4749.
4750.
4751.
4752.
4753.
4754.
4755.
4756.
4757.
4758.
4759.
4760.
4761.
4762.
4763.
4764.
4765.
4766.
4767.
4768.
4769.
4770.
CONFUSING FACTS
C-y \yq- F-v B-cy-`-S-s\-bpw C-y sFo F-v \m-Km-Pp-\-s\-bpw hn-ti-jn-n-p-p.
C-y-bp-sS B-Zy-s h-\n-Xm hn-tZ-i Im-cy sk-{I--dn
sNm-In-e A-, h-\n-Xm hn-tZ-i-Im-cy h-m-hv \n-cp-]am dm-hp.
No-\-h-e-bv-p {]-kn--am-b tI-c-f-n-se -e-am-Wv
sIm-n. {]-kn--am-b No-\-sm-m-cw sIm--m-Wv.
H-mw ]-g-n hn--h-n-s Im-e-L-w 1793 ap-X 1797
h-sc-bpw c-mw ]-g-n hn--h-n-s-Xv 1800 ap-X 1805
h-sc-bpw B-bn-cp-p.
kq-b-kv I-\m K-Xm-K-X-n-\p Xp-d-p sIm-Sp--Xv
1869. tZ-i-km-Xv-I-cn--Xv 1956. ]-\m-a I-\m K-XmK-X-n-\p Xp-d-p sIm-Sp--Xv 1914.
4771. G--hpw- th-Kw- Iq-Sn-b lr-Z-b-an-Sn-p- k-kv-X-\w- jyq
4772. tI-c-f-n-se- In-g-tm-sm-g-p-Ip-- 3 \-Zn-I--I-_-\n,- `-hm-\n,]m-m4773. {]-kn--am-b sK-n-kv-_-Kv {]-kw-Kw \-S-n-b-Xv- F-{_-lmw
en-
4774. Z-i-Ip-am-c-N-cn-Xw, Im-hym-Z-iw F-o Ir-Xn-I c-Nn--Xm-cv- ZWv-Un
4775. G--hpw h-S-m-bn n-Xn sN-p- cm-Py X-e-m-\w- sd-bvIv-Pm-hn-Iv
4776. ]m-]v-kv-an-b sS-v G-Xp tcm-K-hp-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p-
K-`m-i-b Iym-k
4777. ]n--c-kw kw-`-cn-p h-bv-p- A-h-b-hw- Km m-U
4778. G--hpw- hn-jw- Iq-Sn-b ]m-v- cm-P-sh-m-e
4779. h-t-am-X-cw {]-kn-o-I-cn- h-jw 1882
4780. H-tc A-f-hn kq-cy-{]-Im-iw e-`n-p- -e--sf _-nn-v `q-]-S-n Im-Wp- tc-I-J-fm-Wv- sF-tkm-sl
4781. X-t-m-Sv ]-n k-t-X-n-s {]-tXy-I-X B-Zy-am-bn Nq-nm-Wn--Xv- tUm.k-enw A-en
4782. H-tc A-tm-an-Iv \--cpw hy-Xy-kv-X am-kv \--cp-ap- aq-e-I A-dn-b-s-Sp- t]-cv- sF-tkm-tSm-p-I
4783. G--hpw- h-S-v- kv-Yn-Xn-sN-p-- bq-tdm-]y- cm-jv-{Sw- -t\m-sh4784. Z-n-W-]q-th-jy-bn-se G-I I-c-_- cm-Pyw- em-thm-kv
4785. G- - h pw H- S p- h n- e - s tem- [ n kp- m- C- { _m- l nw
tem-Zn
4786. F-Iv-ssk-Uv G-Xv D-]--hp-am-bn _--s- t]-cm-Wv-
_m--dn
4787. th--\m-Sv Im-b-en \n-an-n-cn-p- _-v--X-o-ap-w
4788. th-Uv ssh-Uv sse-^v ^-n-s B-m-\w- kzn-v-ke-Un-se m-Uv
4789. kv-Im-Un-t\-hn-b cm-Py--fn \m-W-bw bq-tdm A-m-
G-I cm-Pyw- kzo-U
4790. 1453 F-hn-S-p-Im-cm-Wv tIm-mn-t\m-n ]n-Sn--S-nb-Xv- Xp-n
4791. `q-Kp-cp-Xzm-I-jW
- t- m-Sv sN-Sn-I {]-Xn-Ic
- n-p- {]-Xn-`m-kw Pn-tbm-t{Sm-n-kw
4792. Ip-am-c-\m-im F-hn-sS h-m-Wv ho-W-]q-hv c-Nn--Xv- ssP-\nta-Sv
4793. G-Xp cm-Py-m-Wv l-Kn-b tkm-^n-b- Xp-n
4794. tI-cf
-
- n-se Im-iva
- o, Z-n-tW-y-bn-se Im-iva
- o F-o t]cp-I-fn A-dn-b-s-Sp- -ew- aq-m
4795. c-p h-I-c-I-fn-em-bn n-Xn-sN-p- sa-s{Sm-s]m-fn- \-Kc-am-b C-kv-Xm-_p G-Xv cm-Py-m-Wv- Xp-n
4796. A-l--Zm-_m-Zv \-K-c-n-s ]-g-b t]-cv- I-Wm-h-Xn
4797. I-ip-h-n C-y-bn sIm-p-h--Xv- t]m-p-Ko-kp-Im
4798. a-e-bm-f hym-I-c-W-sa-gp-Xn-b B-Zy-s {In-kv-Xy an-j-\-dn-
B-Rv-P-tem {^m-kn-kv sa-{Xm
4799.
4800.
4801.
4802.
4803.
4804.
4805.
4806.
4807.
4808.
4809.
4810.
4811.
4812.
4813.
4814.
4815.
4816.
4817.
4818.
4819.
4820.
4821.
4822.
4823.
4824.
4825.
4826.
4827.
4828.
4829.
4830.
4831.
4832.
4833.
4834.
4835.
4836.
4837.
4838.
4839.
27
4864. C-y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn sF.F-kv.H. k-n-^n-t-j e-`n- _mm-Wv Im-\-d _m-v. C-Xn-s B-m-\w F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--_mwq
4865. hm-f ]p-fn-bn-e-S-n-bn-cn-p- B-kn-Uv- Sm-Sm-dn-Iv B-knUv
4866. C-y-bn B-Zy-am-bn sF.F-kv.Un.kw-hn-[m-\w \n-e-hn h-Xv- apw-ss_
4867. h-b-\m-n-se F-S-bv- Kp-l-I-sf-p-dn-v B-Zy-am-bn B-[nIm-cn-I ]T-\w \-S-n-b-Xv- ^m-sk-v (1901)
4868. tIm-{K-kn-s 125a-s hm-jn-I-n A-[y- ]-Z-hn hln--Xv--tkm-Wn-bm Km-n
4869. C-y-bn B-Zy-am-bn sk-p-e t-v m-]n- `-c-Wm-[nIm-cn- A-Iv-_
4870. G--hpw X-Wp-p-Iq-Sn-b h-I-c--Am-n-
4871. B-kq-{X-W I-n-j \n-e-hn h- h-jw- 1950
4872. G-Xp \-Zn-bp-sS A-h-km-\-`m-K-am-Wv Io-n-\m-in-\n-sb--dnb-s-Sp--Xv- Kw-K- {- _-]
- p-{X \-Zn-I kw-tbm-Pn-p-m-Ip-
ta-Lv-\-bp-sS
4873. hm-g--n im-k-\w ]p-d-s-Sp-hn- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn- cm-P-ti-J-ch-a
4874. C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s km-{am-Pyw m-]n- hw-iw- au-cyam
4875. G-Xp \-Zn-bp-sS t]m-j-I \-Zn-bm-Wv Xq--p-g- `m-c-X-p-g
4876. hm-\-h-c- F-p hn-fn--s-n-cp- tN-c-cm-Pm-hv- D-Xn-btN-c
4877. Hm-n-d ]-c-{_--t-{X-n-se {]-[m-\ D--hw- Hm-n-d--fnbpw ]-{-p-hn-f-pw
4878. C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s ssk-_ s]m-eo-kv t-j F-hnsS m-]n-X-am-bn- _mw-q
4879. G-Xp \-Zn-bp-sS t]m-j-I-\-Zn-bm-Wv ap-Xn-c-p-g- s]-cn-bm
4880. k-^v-f-h F- Nn-{Xw h-c--Xv- hm-tKm-Kv
4881. C-y-bn Iym-_n-\-v a-{n-bm-b B-Zy kn-p-Im-c- kZm _-tZ-hv kn-Mv
4882. G-Xp- \-Zn-bp-sS t]m-j-I-\-Zn-bm-Wv- Xpw-K-`-{Z-- Ir-jv-W
4883. C-y-bn Iym-_n-\-v ao-n-Mn A-[y--X h-ln-p--Xv-
{]-[m-\-a-{n
4884. G-Xv {K-l
- n-em-Wv t{K-v sd-Uv kvt- ]m-v Im-Ws
- -Sp-X
- v- hymgw
4885. B-d-p-f h-w I-fn G-Xv \-Zn-bn-em-Wv \-S-p--Xv- ]-m-\-Zn
4886. K-sa- F- tem-l-k--c-n-se L-S-I-- sN-v, shfp-o-bw, \m-Iw
4887. G-Xp kw-m-\-s-bm-Wv P-\- h-\m-- F-pw hn-fnp--Xv- Pm-J-Wv-Uv
4888. Ir-{Xn-aP
- o \n-an- C-y-hw-iP
- \
- m-b im-kv{- X-- ltKm-hn-v Jp-cm-\
4889. Ir-jv-W-\m--n-\p cq-]w \-In-b km-aq-Xn-cn cm-Pm-hv- am-\th-Z
CONFUSING FACTS
Ghpw thKw Ipd kkvX\w kvtemv BWv.
Ghpw aSnb\mb kkvX\w sImhme BWv.
Ghpw IqSpX D]tbmKnsSp CwKvfojv hmv
The BWv. Ghpw IqSpX definitions D Cwojv
hmv Set BWv. Ghpw IqSpX D]tbmKnp
CwKvfojv AcamWv e.
Iqcnse sk v BRv P tem tIm \nanXv
t]mpKokpImcmWv (1505). Xetcntm \nanXv
{_nojpImcmW v(1708).
O{X]Xn inhPnbpsS(16271680) a{nk`-bmbncpp
AjvS{][m. AjvSZnznP AecnncpXv
IrjvWtZhcmbcpsS kZn-s\bmWv.
4890. hn--h-Nn--I ]p-e-n-b-Xn-\v 1831 ln-p tIm-tf-Pn
\n-p ]p-d-m--s- Bw-tm C-y I-hn- sl-dn sUtdm-kn-tbm
4891. h-kv-Xp--fp-sS ImTn-\yw A-f-m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-p- bq-Wn-v-
tam-lv-kv kv-sI-bn
4892. G-Xp kw-m-\w hn-`-Pn-m-Wv N-o-kv-K-Vv cq-]-h--cn--Xv a-[y-{]-tZ-iv
4893. h-kv-Xp-I-cw A-S-bv-t--Xv F-hn-sS- hn-t-Pm-^o-kn
4894. Hm--td-j _v-fq-m \-S- h-jw- 1984
4895. G-Xp kw-m-\-s \r--cq-]-am-Wv tIm-em-w- X-an-gv-\m-Sv
4896. G-Xp Nn-{X-n-se A-`n-\-b-n-\m-Wv s_ In-Mv-n-v Hmkv-I A-hm-Uv e-`n--Xv- Km-n
4897. G-Xp {]-tZ-i-n-s N-cn-{X-s-p-dn-m-Wv cm-P-X-cw-Kn-Wn {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-X
- v- I-iva
- o
4898. G-Xv ]-m-b-n-em-Wv B-\-ap-Sn- aq-m
4899. G-Xp {K-\v-Y-n-\n-p- h-cn-I-fm-Wv Ip--_v-an-\m-dn-s `nn-bn Im-Wp--Xv- Jp-dm
4900. B-cym-h--sa-v A-dn-b-s-n-cp- {]-tZ-iw- D--{]-tZ-iv
4901. G--hpw Xn-c-t-dn-b k-ap-{Zw--A-Xv-emn-Iv k-ap-{Zw
4902. G-Xp kw-m-\w hn-`-Pn-m-Wv Pm-J-Wv-Uv cq-]-h--cn--Xv-
_o-lm
4903. G--hpw Iq-Sp-X {]m-h-iyw kn-\n-a-bm-n-b C-y t\m-h tZ-h-Zm-kv
4904. G-Xv _m-v-\n-cm-Pm-hn-s Im-e-s--n-bm-Wv d-jy hym-]mcn-bm-b A-X-t\-jy-kv \n-n hn-h-cn-p--Xv- ap-l--Zv aqm-a
4905. c--c-ln-X hn--hw \-S- cm-Pyw- Cw--v
4906. G-Xp \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-m-Wv ]m-v-\- Kw-K
4907. sF-Iy-cm-jv-{S-kw-L-S-\-bp-sS bq-tdm-]y B-m-\-am-b ]me-kv Hm-^v t\-j-kv G-Xp cm-Py-m-Wv - kzn-v-k-e v
4908. C-y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn ss]-e-v sse-k-kv t\-Sn-b hy-n-
sP.B.Un.Sm-
4909. -tem-I-n-s- ^m-j-kn-n- F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv.- ]m-co-kv
4910. cm-a-\m-w F- {]m-No-\ I-em-cq-]-n-s Cu-n-w- sIm-m-c-c
4911. cm-P-jn-F--dn-b-s-n-cp- `m-c-X-c-Xv-\w tP-Xm-hv- ]p-cp-tjmw Zm-kv T-
4912. C-y-bn-se B-Zy _-P-v A-h-X-c-Ww \-S-n-b hy-n- k
sP-bnw-kv hn-k (1860)
4913. a-[y-{]-tZ-in Ipw-`-ta-f \-S-p- -ew- D--bn-\n
4914. D-Z-bw-t]-cq- kp--l-tZm-kv- G-Xv h-j-n- F.Un.1599
4915. C-y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn sS-en-t^m \n-e-hn-h- \-K-cw- sIm-
4916. C-y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn tIm- an- sIm-- (1818)
4917. e--\n C-ym lu-kv m-]n--Xv- iymw-Pn Ir-jv-W-h-a
4918. C--en-bv-p-n n-Xn-sN-p- cm-Pyw h-n-m
4919. C-y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn- tZ-io-b A-Sn-b--cm-h-kv-Y {]-Jym-]n- {]kn-U v- tUm.- cm-[m-Ir-jv-W4920. C-y ]m-e-san-s B-Zy-s kw-bp- k-t-f-\w- 1961
28
tI-cf
-
- n C.Fw.F-kv. \-q-Xn-cn-m-Sn-s t\-Xr-Xz-n
A-[n-Im-c-n-h- a-{n-k-` F-{X am-k-am-Wv `-cn--Xv
\n--en-s A-Wp-kw-Jy
C-y-bn-se F-{Xm-a-s kw-m-\-am-Wv Pm-J-Wv-Uv
_m-kv-I-v-t_m tIm-n-s \o-fw F-{X ao--dm-Wv
H-cp Hu-kv F-{X {Kmw (28.35)
{In--v -n-s \o-fw F-{X C-m-Wv
A-d-_n-`m-j-bn-se A--c- F-{X
kq-cy-\n F-{X i-X-am-\-am-Wv lo-en-bw
`u-tam-]-cn-X-e-n G--hpw Iq-Sp-X-ep- c-m-a-s aqe-I-am-b kn-en- F-{X i-X-am-\-am-Wv (27.7)
bq-tdm-]y bq-Wn-b-\n-se F-{Xm-a-s Aw-K-am-Wv s{Imtb-jy
U-_n-kpw knw-Kn-kpw D-s-sS G-h
- pw Iq-Sp-X {KmUv mw In-co-S- I-c--am-n-b ]p-cp-j-Xm-cw F- sdtm-Un-\p-Sa
- b
- m-b tdm-bv F-ta-gvk
- F-{X {Km-Uv mw
In-co-S- t\-Sn-bn-p-v
H-cp A-am-hm-kn I-gn-v A-Sp- A-am-hm-kn B-Ip-hm
F-{X Zn-h-kw th-Ww
H-cp an-\n-n F-{X In-tem-ao- th-K-n-em-Wv {`-a-Ww sNp-X
- v
`q-tKm-f-n-s F-{X i-X-am-\-am-Wv Hm-Iv-kn-P
4964. am- I v- _ - v- F- I- Y m- ] m- { X- s kr- j v- S n- - X m- c v-
tj-Iv-kv-]n-b
4965. {Uq-Iv--bp F-v X-t-io-b hn-ti-jn-n-p- cm-Pyw-
`q-m
4966. {_--]p-{X-bp-sS Zm-\w F--dn-b-s-Sp- kw-m-\w- A-kw
4967. {Xn-]n-S-I- G-Xp a-X-hp-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p- _p--aXw
4968. {]m-No-\-Im-e-v Im-a-cq-]w F--dn-b-s-n-cp- kw-m-\w-
A-kw
4969. {Im--q, ap-kn-cn-kv, a-tlm-Z-b-]p-cw F-o t]-cp-I-fn-e-dn-bs- kv-Y-ew- sIm-Sp--q
4970. {io-aq-ew {]-Pm-k-`-bn-te-v t\m-an-t\-p sN--s- B-Zy-s
A-[x-n-X hn-`m-K-m-c- A--Im-fn
4971. {K-l-]-n-I-bn-\n-pw im-kv-{X-tem-Iw ]p-d--n-b {K-lw-
q-tm
4972. {Km-q-hn-\v Kp-Ww \-Ip- cm-k-h-kv-Xp- bq-Pn-t\m
4973. C-y-bv-v kzm-X-{yw In-p-tm lu-kv Hm-^v tIm-a-knse {]-Xn-]- t\-Xm-hv--k hn- N-n
4974. cm-Pn-h- B-Zy C-y {]-[m-\-a-{n- sam-dm-Pn tZ-im-bn
4975. tI-c-f-n Xp-em-h-jw A-\p-`-h-s-Sp--sX-tm- H-Iv-tSm_--\-hw-_
4976. tem-I-n G--hpw Iq-Sp-X cm-Py--fn-eq-sS H-gp-Ip- \-Zn
-Um-\yq-_v
4977. tem-I-n G--hpw Iq-Sp-X hn-t\m-Z-k-m-cn-I-sf B-Ijn-p- tKm-]p-cw- Cu-^
4978. {Ko-e-Uv G-Xp cm-Py-n-s \n-b{- -W
- n-em-Wv- sU-mv
4979. F-hn-sS a-\-v `-b-c-ln-X-am-Ip-p-thm A-hn-sS in-c-v D--Xam-Ipw F-p ]-d--Xv- c-_o-{-\m-Yv Sm-Kq
4980. F-hn-sS h-m-Wv tUm.-Aw-t_-ZI
v- A-\p-bm-bn-It- fm-sSm-w _p-a-Xw kzo-I-cn--Xv- \m-Kv-]q
4981. {Ko-hn-v k-ab
- s
- -m F-{X a-Wn-q ap-n-em-Wv C-y
kv-m-tU-Uv k-a-bw- A--c
4982. a-\p-jy-\n _o-P-kw-tbm-Kw \-S-p--sX-hn-sS-h-v- ^-temn-b Syq-_v
4983. G--hpw h-en-b ap--bn-Sp- ]-n- H--I--n
CONFUSING FACTS
tem-I-n-se ss_-kn-n \-K-cw ssN-\-bn-se s_bv-Pn-Mpw C-y-bn-te-Xv ]-m-_n-se ep-[n-bm-\-bp-am-Wv.
a-p Xn-p--h F- A-]-c-\m-a-ap- {]m-tZ-in-I hmX-am-Wv Nn-\q-Iv. tUm-Iv-S F- A-]-c-\m-a-ap- {]m-tZin-I hm-Xw l-a-.
Kp-cp-Pn F--dn-b-s--Xv am-[-h k-Zm-in-h tKm-h-dpw Kp-cp-tZ-hv F--dn-b-s--Xv c-ho-{-\m-Y Sm-tKm-dpw Bbn-cp-p.
_n.kn. \m-en A-K-kv-X-kv ko-k N-{I-h-n-bm-bncp- Im-e-m-Wv {In-kv-Xp-hn-s P-\-\-sa-v I-cp-X-s-Spp. F.Un. 29 ssS-_o-cn-b-kv N-{I-h-n-bp-sS Im-em-Wv {In-kv-Xp-hn-s\ Ip-cn-in-te-n-b-Xv.
X-an-gv-\m-Sm-Wv C-y-bp-sS sX-s-b--s kw-m-\-san-epw sX-t-b--s kw-m-\ X-e-m-\w Xn-cp-h-\-]p-ca
- m-Wv.
tZ-io-b a-\p-jym-h-Im-i I-o-j-s B-m-\wa m - \ - h v
A-[n-Im `-h-\n-em-Wv. tI-{ C-^-ta-j I-o-js B-m-\w B-K-kv-Xv {Im-n `-h-\n-ep-am-Wv.
5020. C-y-bn A--Sn- B-Zy-s a-e-bm-f {K-w- \m-ep kp-hnti-j
-
5021. in-h-Pn-bp-sS B-o-b Kp-cp- cmw-Zm-kv
5022. G-Xv a-K-[-cm-Pm-hn-s Im-e-m-Wv {io-_p- A--cn--Xv-
A-Pm-Xi
- {- Xp
5023. C-y-bn kn-\n-am ]-ck
- yw {]-kn-o-Ic
- n- B-Zy ]-{Xw- ssSwkv Hm-^v C-y
5024. G-Xv ap-K cm-P-Ip-am-c-\m-Wv `-K-h-Xv-Ko-X t]-jy-\n-te-v XP-a sN-bv-X-Xv Zm-cm-jp-tm
5025. Im--\m-S-s b-Ym-Y-t]-cv- tPm-Pv h-Ko-kv
5026. G-Xv- ap-K- N-{I-h-n-bp-sS Im-e-m-Wv- ap-K- in-]-I-e
A-Xn-s-d ]m-c-ay-X-bn-se-n-b-Xv--jm-P-lm5027. Im-n-p-dp-n-sb-Sp- I-hn-X- F-p hn-fn-p--Xv B-cp-sS cN-\-sb-bm-Wv- ssh-tem-n-n
5028. Im--en-Iv F- ]-Zw G-Xp `m-j-bn-\n-m-Wv \n-jv-]--amb-Xv- {Ko-v
5029. in-h-Pn-bp-sS a-{n-k-`- A-jv-S-{]-[m
5030. {]m-No-\-Im-e-v-Z-n-W-tIm-k-ew F--dn-b-s-n-cp- kwm-\w- N-o-kv-K-Vv
5031. G--hpw- h-en--ap- ap--bn-Sp- ]-n- -H--I--n5032. im- k-ap-{Z-s-bpw A-Xv-emn-Iv k-ap-{Z-s-bpw _-n-np- I-\m- ]-\m-a I-\m
5033. sI-hn kv-sI-bn-en a-\p-jy-i-co-c-n-s km-[m-c-W Dujv-am-hv F-{X-bm-Wv- 310
5034. G-Xv B-Iv-Sv {]-Im-c-am-Wv dn-k-hv _m-v Hm-^v C-y \n-e-hn
h--Xv- 1934 se dn-k-hv _m-v Hm-^v C-y B-Iv-Sv
5035. F.kn.F.F. G-Xv cm-Py-n-s \yq-kv G-P-kn-bm-Wv-
ssN-\
5036. G-Xp a-e-ap-I-fn-em-Wv sIm-ssU--\m- ]-g-\n-a-e
5037. F.Un.F. k-m-cn-s-bpw tIm-{K-kn-s-bpw ]n-p-Wtbm-sS {]-kn-Um-b hy-n--F.]n.sP. A-_v-Zp I-emw
5038. G-h
- pw h-en-b \m-jW
- ]m-v- hp-Uv _p-^t- em \m-jW
-
]m-v
5039. C-y-bn-se G-h
- pw D-X
- a
- m-b A-o-tm-SX
- n- kp-{]ow tImS-Xn
5040. G--hpw e-h-Wmw-iw Iq-Sn-b I-S- Nm-hp-I-S
5041. s v Nn-In-k G-X-h-b-h-hp-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p- lrZ-bw
5042. G--hpw- Ip-d--p-Im-ew- A-ta-cn-- {]-kn-U-m-bn-cp--Xv- hneyw- sl-dn- lm-cn-k-
29
5103.
5104.
5105.
5106.
5107.
5108.
5109.
5110.
5111.
5112.
5113.
5114.
5115.
5116.
5117.
5118.
5119.
5120.
5121.
5122.
5123.
5124.
5125.
5126.
5127.
5128.
tI- f p- N - c a- l m- ] m- { X- b p- a m- b n
_--s- I-em-cq-]w- H-Uo-n
tNmZyw; Dcw
tUm.Awt_ZvIdpsS kam[n
tUm.Awt_Zv I dpsS kam[n ew ssN{X`qan,
ssNX\y`qan, ssNXy`qan Fns\ hyXykvXambn
]e ]pkvXIfn ImWpp. GXmWv icn?
tUm.Awt_ZvIdpsS kam[nbpsS t]cv ssNXy`qan
FmWv. CXv apwss_-bn ZmZ-dn\p kao]amWv.
30
5222. U-ln kp-m-t\-n-s A-yw Ip-dn- bp-w- H-mw ]m\n--p-bp-w(1526 G-{]n 21)
5223. Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq,- Xn-cp--sIm-n,- tI-c-fw- F-o- aq-v- kw-kv-Ym-\-fn-epw- {]-[m-\-a-{n,- ap-Jy-a-{n- F-o- \n-e-I-fn- tk-h-\a-\p-jv-Tn-n-S-Sp- hy-Iv-Xn- ]-w- Xm-Wp-]n-
5224. cm-am-\p-P (10171137)F-n-s hym-Jym-Xm-hm-bn-cp-p- hn-injv-Sm-ssZz-Xw
5225. C-y-bn-se G--hpw \o-fw Iq-Sn-b tZ-io-b-]m-X _n-n-p
\K-c- - (I-\ym-Ip-am-cn- hm-cm-W-kn
5226. C-y-bn-se G-h
- pw ]-g
- a
- p- F-i
- p-o-IW
- i
- m-e- Zn-Kt-v _mbn
5227. tem-Iv-k-`-bp-sS Im-em-h-[n I-gn-m-epw ]p-Xn-b k-` k-tfn-p--Xp-h-sc Xp-S-cp--Xv- kv-]o-
5228. B-cp-sS `m-cy-bm-Wv ta-cn tSm-Uv- F-{_-lmw en-
5229. {_--th-Zw F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- A-Y-hw
5230. tZ-io-b P-e-]m-X-3 G-sXm-s -e--sf _-n-n-p-p-
tIm--p-dw- sIm-w
5231. k-kv-X-\n-I-f-m- P-p--fn G--hpw h-ep-w Iq-Sn-b-Xv-
ap-Xe
5232. tZ-io-b _-lp-a-Xn t\-Sn-b B-Zy-s a-e-bm-f Nn-{Xw- \o-ep-bn
5233. C-y-bn k-a-{K P-e-\-b-n-\p cq-]w \-In-b B-Zy kwm-\w- tI-c-fw
5234. G-Xv t\-Xm-hp-am-bn-m-Wv tIm-{K-kv ]q-\m k-n-bn Gs--Xv -_n.B.Aw-t_-Zv-I
5235. tZ-io-b kp-c-m-k-an-Xn-bp-sS A-[y-- {]-[m-\-a-{n
5236. kzm-Xn-Xn-cp-\m- A--cn--Xv- G-Xv h-j-n- F.Un.1846
5237. U-p-Im B-Zyw D-S--Sn-bp-m-n-b C-y-bn-se cm-Pm-hv-
km-aq-Xn-cn
5238. Zn-{_p-K-Vv G-Xv \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-m-Wv- {_--]p-{X
5239. Xn-c-s-Sp-v Zn-h-kw km-[m-c-W co-Xn-bn t]m-fn-Mv Bw-`nt- k-a-bw- cm-hn-se 7 a-Wn
5240. Xp--v- F-gp--Nv-O-s-d Im-e-L-w F-tm-- F.Un.
14951575
5241. Zpw-t_m X-Sm-Iw G-Xv kw-m-\-v {Xn-]p-c
5242. G--hpw D--n i-_v-Z-ap-m-m I-gn-bp- Po-hn- \o-en-anw-Kn-ew
5243. {In--v ]n-n-s ho-Xn- 3.05 ao.
5244. Xr-jv-W h-\y-Po-hn-k-t-Xw G-Xp kw-m-\-v- {Xn-]p-c
5245. X-tm-fn H-tX-\ P-\n- -ew- h-S-I-c
5246. X-t-i-`m-j-bn- a-m-Pym- F--dn-b-s-Sp-- cm-Py-ta-Xv- --lw-Kdn5247. G-Xp cm-Py-s hm-v I--\n-I-fm-Wv dm-tUm, tdm-f-Iv-kv Fn-h- kzn-v-k-e v
5248. Z-n-tW-y-bn-se G--hpw D-b-cw Iq-Sn-b sIm-Sp-ap-Sn- B-\-apSn
5249. Xm-jv-sI v I-cm H-p-h- ]m-Iv {]-kn-U v- A-bp-_v-Jm
5250. C-\m-j-W H-fn-n-Iv I-n-n, H-fn-n-Iv ayq-kn-bw F-n-hbp-sS B-m-\-am-b tem-sk-bv G-Xp cm-Py-m-Wv- kzn-vk-e v
5251. Zn _n-Kv B-n F--dn-b-s-Sp- \-K-cw- \yq-tbm-v
5252. G--hpw h-en-w Iq-Sn-b a-kv-Xn-jv-I-ap- Po-hn- \o-e-n-anw-Knew
5253. Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn \n-b-a-\n-am-W-k-` B-cw-`n- h-jw-1888
5254. Xn-c--Y-bv-v tZ-io-b A-hm-Uv t\-Sn-b B-Zy a-e-bm-fn- Fkv.F.]p-cw k-Zm-\-
5255. Zq-v km-K sh--m-w G-Xv kw-m-\-m-Wv- tKm-h
5256. Zzm-c-I-\m-Yv t-{X-n-se B-cm-[-\m-aq-n- Ir-jv-W
5257. X-an-gv-\m-n Hm-^v-sk-v A--Sn-p {]-kn--am-b -ew- in-hIm-in
5258. X-an-gv-\m-n kn.cm-P-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cn-bp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-n \-S D-p k-Xym-{K-l-n ]-s-Sp- a-e-bm-fn--Pn.cm-a-N-{
5259. N-e-n-{X-am--s- B-Zy-s a-e-bm-f t\m-h- am-m-WvU-h-a
5260. Pn-sk-Mv F- k-ky-n-s P--tZ-iw- ssN-\
CONFUSING FACTS
ss\-P kzm-X-{yw t\-Sn-b-Xv {^m-kn-\n-pw ss\Po-cn-b kzm-X-{yw t\-Sn-b-Xv {_n--Wn \n-p-am-Wv.
Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn ]-v Xm-eq-p-I a-Wv-U-]-pw-hm-Xp F-pw sIm-n-bn tIm-hn-e-I-pw hm-Xp- Fp-am-Wv A-dn-b-s-n-cp--Xv.
\q-dp _-b-W-p-I-sf-m i-n-bp--h-bm-Wv \m-ep ]{X- F-p-]-d--Xv s\-tm-fn-b t_m-W-m-m-Wv.
sh-Sn-bp--sb-m i-n-bp--Xm-Wv _m-e-v (Ballet is
stronger than Bullet) F-p ]-d--Xv F-{_-lmw en-
B-Wv.
{In-kv-Xp-a-Xw kzo-I-cn- B-Zy-s tdm-a N-{I-h-n-bmWv tIm--ss. tdm-am km-{am-Py-n-s Hu-tZym-KnI a-Xw {In-kv-Xp-a-X-am-n-b-Xv Xn-tbm-tUm-kn-b-kv H-m-as Im-e-m-Wv.
h-t-am-X-cw B-Zy-am-bn B-e-]n- tIm-{K-kv k-t-f\w 1896te-Xm-Wv. P-\-K-W-a-\ B-e-]n--Xv 1911te-Xpw.
5261. tem-I-n-s F-m `m-K-pw Ir-jn sN--s-Sp- G-I `-yh-kv-Xp- Im-c-v
5262. a-e-bm-f-n-s B-Zn-I-hn F-p hn-ti-jn-n--s--Xv- No-cma
5263. X-an-gv-tZ-i-n-s H-Uo-kn F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- a-Wn-ta-J-sse
5264. tem-I-n-se B-Zy-s {Xn Un Nn-{Xw- _m-\m sU-hn
5265. tUm-.- ]-p-hn-s-d t\-Xr-Xz-n- Cu-g-h sa-tm-dn-b- GXv h-j-n--F.Un.1896
5266. tI-{ s]m-Xp-_-P-v A-h-X-cn-n-p- Zn-h-kw- ^n-{_-h-cn-bnse A-h-km-\-s {]-hr-n Zn-h-k-n
5267. Uyp-dm v sse G-sXm-s cm-Py--n-S-bn-em-Wv- ]m-Inkv-Xm-\pw A-^v-Km-\n-kv-Xm-\pw (]-g-b {_n-o-jv km-{am-Py-hpw
A-^v-Km-\n-kv-Xm-\pw)
5268. tlm-n {Ku-n-s \o-fw- 91.4 ao.
5269. Un.F.F.bp-sS ]q-W-cq-]w--Un Hm-Iv-kn ssd-t_m \yq-Iv-fnIv B-kn-Uv
5270. X-\n-p-ti-jw B-sc Kp-cp-hm-bn I-W-m-m-\m-Wv tKm-_n-vkn-Mv \n-t-in--Xv- B-Zn-{K--s
5271. U-ln-bn-\n-pw tZ-h-Kn-cn-bn-te-v X-e-m-\w am-n-b Xp-Iv kp-m- ap-l--Zv _n Xp--Iv
5272. tZ-io-tbm-Z{v- K-Y\
- w t{]m-km-ln-n-p- kn-\n-aI
- -p- \mj-W A-hm-Uv- \-Ko-kv Z-v A-hm-Uv
5273. U-p-Im C-y-bn B-Zy ^m-Iv-S-dn m-]n- -ew- a-kqen-]--Ww
5274. tZ-h-`q-an-sb--dn-b-s-Sp- C-y kw-m-\w- D--cm-J-WvUv
5275. tZ-h-cm-b H-m-a-s Im-e-v hn-P-b-\-K-cw k--in- C--enm-c- \n-tm-tfm tIm-n
5276. tlm-q-kv a-e-_m-dn--kv c-Nn--s- `m-j- em-n
5277. tU-hn-Uv tIm--^o-Uv- B-cp-sS kr-jv-Sn-bm-Wv- Nm-kv Un-kv
5278. tPm-_v- t^m- an-ey-kv,- thm-bv-kv- Hm-^v- tIm-jy--kv- Fo- Ir-Xn-I- c-Nn--Xv- hn- hn- Kn-cn5279. tlm-_n-If
- p-sS cm-Pm-hv F-d
- n-b-s-Sp-X
- v- m-p-ti-Jc
- W
- w
(^n-em-s-en)
5280. tPm-n F- ]-Zw G-Xp a-k-c-hp-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p Ip-Xn-c---bw
5281. tUm.- Aw-t_-Zv-I- 1956- kzo-I-cn- a-Xw- _p--a-Xw5282. tKm-U s{X-tjm-Uv B-cp-sS c-N-\-bm-Wv- k-tcm-Pn-\n \mbn-Up
5283. tI-cf
- tam-k
- m-Mv F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp- F-gp-p-Im-c- X-Ig
- n inh-i--c-n-
31
CONFUSING FACTS
ssa-kq I-Sp-h-F--dn-b-s-n-cp--Xv Sn-p kp-m-\mWv. _w-Km I-Sp-h-F--dn-b-s-n-cp--Xv hn-]n N-{]m.
C-y am-Iy-sh-n F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv Nm-W-Iy-\m-Wv.
Iu-S-ey F-pw A-dn-b-s- C-t-l-n-s b-Ym-Y
t]-cv hn-jv-Wp Kp-]v-X F-m-bn-cp-p. C-m-en-b Nm-WIy F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv C-m-en-b cm-jv-{S-X-{-\m-b am-Iy-sh-n (14691527)bm-Wv.
tem-I-P-\-kw-Jy A-q-dp-tIm-Sn Xn-I--Xv 1987 Pq-embv 11-\m-Wv. A-Xn-\m-em-Wv tem-I-P-\-kw-Jym-Zn-\-am-bn
(World Population Day)Pq-em-bv 11 B-N-cn-p--Xv. 1999
H-Iv-tSm-_ 12-\m-Wv tem-I-P-\-kw-Jy A-dp-\q-dp-tIm-Sn
Xn-I
X
- v.
A-mw \q-m-n-s H-Sp-hn-ep-m-b lq-W-am-cp-sS B{I-aW
- a
- m-Wv X-i
- n-e k-hI
- e
- m-im-eb
- p-sS X-I-b
- v
- v
Im-c-W-am-b-Xv. \m-f- k-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS X-I--bv-v
Im-c-W-am-b-Xv ]-{-mw \q-m-n-ep-m-b ap-nw B-{Ia-Wa
- m-Wv.
5381. `m-c-X-c-Xv-\w e-`n- B-Zy tUm-Iv-S Iq-Sn-bm-b kzm-X-{y-k-a-ctk-\m-\n- tUm._n.kn.tdm-bn
5382. P-lmw-Ko kn-Jv Kp-cp A-Pp tZ-hn-s\ h-[n-m Im-c-Ww-
Jp-{kp-hn-\v A-`-bw \-In-b-Xn-\v
5383. t]m-tfm I-fn-p--Xn-\n-sS Ip-Xn-c-p-d-p-\n-p ho-Wp a-cn-
U-ln kp-m- Ip--_v-o sF-_-Iv
5384. t^m-_v-kv am-kn-I G-Xv cm-Py-p-\n-p-am-Wv {]-kn-o-I-cnp--Xv- A-ta-cn-
5385. `-K-Xv kn-Mn-s\m-w Xq-n-te--s--h- cm-Pv-Kp-cp, kp-Jv-tZ-hv
5386. `m-c-n-s A-Sn-m-\-n A--co--hm-bp-hn-s F-{X iX-am-\-am-Wv ss\-{S-P- 75.5
5387. ssX-tdm-Iv-kn-\n A-S-n-bn-cn-p- aq-e-Iw- A-b-Un
5388. G-Xv ssh-kv-{]-kn-U v cm-Pn-h--tm-fm-Wv No-^v P-n-kv lnZm-b-p- B-Iv-Snw-Kv {]-kn-Um-b-Xv- hn.hn.Kn-cn
5389. A--m-Sn-bn-q-Sn H-gp-Ip- \-Zn- in-cp-hm-Wn
5390. sX-p In-g- G-jy-bn-se G--hpw \o-fw Iq-Sn-b \-Zn- satm-Mv
5391. H-a-J-m-an-s dp-_m-m-v hn-em-k-e-l-cn F- t]-cn a-ebm-f-n-te-v ]-cn-`m-j-s-Sp-n-b-Xm-cv--Pn.i--c-p-dp-v
5392. sX-tam-ao--d D-]-tbm-Kn-p- {Zm-h-Iw- c-kw
5393. C-y-bn km-
- n-I h-jw B-cw-`n-p- Xo-bX
- n- G-{]n
1
5394. C-y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn A--hn-Zym-e-bw m-]n--s- -ew-
A-ar-Xvk
-
5395. H-cp cm-Py-n-s t]-cn-e-dn-b-s-Sp- G-I k-ap-{Zw- C-y
a-lm-k-ap-{Zw
5396. sX-fn- Np-m-v sh--s ]m-\n-d-am-p- hm-X-Iw-Im-_ U-tbm-Iv-ssk-Uv
5397. C-y-bn km-ap-Zm-bn-I kw-h-c-Ww sIm-p-h- \n-b-aw-
1909se an-tm tam-en `-c-W-]-cn-jv-Im-cw
5398. H-cp cm-Pyw am-{X-ap- `q-J-Wv-Uw- Hm-kv-t{S-en-b
5399. B-Zy-s hm-m-hn-\n-a-b D-]-{K-l-am-b F-tm hn-t-]n cm-Pyw- bp.F-kv.F.
5400. A-ssZz-Xm Nn-m ]--Xn F- Ir-Xn-bp-sS I-m-hv- N--n
kzm-an-I
5401. H-cp em-b-\n B-kn-Um-tWm t_-km-tWm F-p Xn-cn--dn-bm\p- A-f-hp-tIm- ]n.F-v.kv-sI-bn
5402. ap-K km-{am-Py m-]-I--_m-_
5403. tI-c-f sk-{I-t-dn-b-v a-n-c-n-s B-n-sS-Iv-Sv--hn-eyw _m
5404. t^m-v F-t-v F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- ]-{X-am-[y-a-
32
`-cW
- L
- S- \
- m-]c
- a
- m-b ]-cn-lm-ca
- m-K
- s
- f-p-dn-v {]-Xn-]mZn-p- `-c-W-L-S-\m A-\p-t-Zw F-{Xm-a-t-Xm-Wv
^m-c-lo-v kv-sI-bn {]-Im-cw P-ew sF-km-Ip- Dujva
- m-hv
`-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS lr-Z-b-hpw B-m-hpw-F-v tUm.Awt_-Zv-I hn-ti-jn-n- A-\p-t-Zw F-{Xm-a-t-Xm-Wv
C-y-bn-se G--hpw Aw-K-_-ew Ip-d- kw-m-\ \nb-a-k-` kn-n-an-em-Wv. F-{X t]?
F.sI.tKm-]m-e \-bn- ]-n-Wn-Pm-Y-bn A-t-l-ns t\-Xr-Xz-n F-{X t]-cm-Wv I-q-cn-\n-v- Im\-S-bm-bn- sN-ss-bn-se-n-b-Xv
tI-cf
-
- n sI.tI-f
- -\b
- n- D-p-kX
- ym-{K-lP
- m-Yb
- n
A-t-l-ap-s-sS F-{X Aw-K- D-m-bn-cp-p
i--cm-Nm-cy F-{Xmw h-b-n-em-Wv C-l-tem-I-hm-kw shSn--Xv
a-\p-jy-\v F-{X n-c-Z---fp-v
G--hpw Ip-d-p-Im-ew A-ta-cn- sF-Iy-\m-Sp-I-fp-sS {]kn-Up m-\w h-ln--Xv hn-eyw sl-dn lm-cn-k
B-Wv(1841). F-{X Zn-h-kw
sN-kv t_m-Un-se B-sI I-cp--fp-sS F-w
5443. C-y-bpw d-jy-bpw kw-bp--am-bn \n-an- kq- tkm-Wn-Iv
{Iq-bn-kv an-ssk- {_-tm-kv
5444. A-a-\m-Yv bm-{X B-cw-`n-p- -ew- ]-l-Kmw
5445. a-\-m-Wv ssZ-hw F-v {]-Jym-]n- tI-c-fo-b- {_-m-\-
in-h-tbm-Kn
5446. P-\k
- w-Jym-kn-m-
- n-s D-]
m-Xm-hv -tXm-ak
- v am-qkv
5447. B-Iv-Snw-Kv {]-kn-Um-b-ti-jw {]-kn-Um-b B-Zy hy-n-
hn.hn.Kn-cn
5448. C-n-cm-Km-n tIm-{K-kv {]-kn-Um-b h-jw- 1959
5449. a-c-W-\n-c-v G--hpw Ip-d- kw-m-\w- tI-c-fw
5450. `q-an-bp-sS ]m-fn-I-p-m-Ip- N-e-\--sf-p-dn-p ]Tn-p im-kv-{X-im-J- t-v sS-Iv-tm-Wn-Iv-kv
5451. Sm-tKm-dn-\v s\m-t_ k-m-\w In-n-b h-jw- 1913
5452. sN--t]-v G-Xv \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-v- ]m-em
5453. hm--eq bp--n s\-tm-fn-b-s\ ]-cm-P-b-s-Sp-n-b-Xv-
B-X sh--n
5454. d-_- G--hpw- Iq-Sp-X- D-]m-Zn-n-p- Pn-- tIm--bw5455. D- {]-tZ-in-se G--hpw h-en-b \-K-cw- Im-]q
5456. Hm-bn B v \m-p-d Kym-kv tIm--td-j-s B-m-\w-sU-dm-Uq
5457. cm-jv-{S-]-Xn m-\-s-n-b B-Zy-s kz-X-{-m-\m-Yn tUm. F-kv. cm-[m-Ir-jv-W
5458. hm-bp-hn-\p `m-c-ap-s-v sX-fn-bn--Xv- tSm-dn-sk-n
5459. hm-cn-sb-p-I G--hpw Iq-Sp-X-ep- Po-hn- ]m-v
5460. `q-an-bpw kq-cy-\p-am-bp- A-I-ew G--hpw Ip-d- Zn-h-kw-
P-\p-h-cn 3
5461. Sn-p- ^-tdm-v- ]--Ww- kv-Ym-]n--Xv- G-Xv h-j-n-
F.Un.1788
5462. a-\p-jy-s G--hpw \o-fw Ip-d- t]-in--t-n-Un-b-kv
5463. K-Zm-[ N-tXm-]m-[ym-b G-Xp t]-cn-em-Wv C-ym-N-cn-{X-n
{]-kn-- {io-cm-a-Ir-jv-W ]-c-a-lw-k
5464. {]-Y-a tem-I-I-v {In--v a--c-n hn-P-bn- Sow sh-v
C-Uo-kv
5465. {^-p hn--h-n-s B-i-b-- kzm-X-{yw, k-a-Xzw, kmtlm-Z-cyw
5466. C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s \yq-kv-{]n v ^m-Iv-S-dn- t\-m-\-K
5467. C-Izn-em-_v kn-m-_m-Zv F--Xv B-Zy-am-bn ap-{Zm-hm-Iy-am-bn
D-]-tbm-Kn--Xv- `-K-Xv kn-Mv
s]mXphnm\nse
Hbmam
ico-c-n tcma-ap GI Pohn-hK-amWv kkvX-
\--.
HIn.
{LmWin
D]tbmKnv CctXSp GI
]nbmWv Inhn.
Igpv XncnmsX ]ndInse Imcy ImWm
Ignbp PohnIfmWv apbepw Xbpw.
kucbqYnse {Klfn sImSpmv hoim
GI {KlamWv _p[. AcoanmXmWv ImcWw. Fm _p[\n magnetic storms DXmbn kao]Ime ]T\ shfnsSpnbnpv.
{Kop tZhs t]cp GI {KlamWv bpdm\kv.
h\nXm \maap GI {Klw ho\kmWv (ip{I).
a\pjys\IqSmX IpjvTw _m[np GI
PphmWv AamUntem.
kap{Zbm{X \Snbnp GI XncphnXmwIq
cmPmhmWv Nnnc Xncp\m.
Dc AXv e m npambpw ZnW AXv e m npambpw AXnn ]nSp GI sXt
Atacn cmPyamWv {_ko.
5530. A-ta-cn--bn-se- \m-W-bw- tUm-f5531. tI-c-f-n Iq-dp-am- \n-tcm-[-\ \n-b-a-n-eq-sS Aw-K-Xzw \jv-S-s- B-Zy Fw.F.F. B._m-e-Ir-jv-W-]n-
5532. th-ep-
- n-bv
- p-ti-jw Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq Zn-hm-\m-bX
- v- D-n-Wn-n
5533. apw-ss_-bn-se Zm-Z-dn-\p-k-ao-]w B-cp-sS k-am-[n--e-am-Wp-Xv -_n.B.Aw-t_-Zv-I
5534. H-cp en-v F-{X C-m-Wv- 7.92
5535. H-cp en- P-e-n-\v F-{X `m-c-ap-m-Ipw- H-cp In-tem
5536. aq- I - \ m- b - I v F- {]- k n- o- I - c - W - n- s m- ] - I - _n.B.Aw-t_-Zv-I
5537. H-cp H-fn-n-Iv-kn B-dp kz-Ww t\-Sn-b B-Zy h-\n-X- {Inn Hm-tm
5538. a-s-pw ]-cm-a-in-n-n-m- hn-j-b- a-{n-k-`-bv-p-thn B-cm-Wv ssI-Im-cyw sN-p--Xv--ap-Jy-a-{n
5539. A-Sn-a--an-m- G-I h-I-c--Am-n-
5540. H-cp hn-`m-K-n \n-p-am-{X-am-bn G--hpw Iq-Sp-X Hm-kv-I
A-hm-Uv t\-Sn-b-Xv- sk-{Un-Iv Kn--kv
5541. B-a-tkm \-Zn ]-Xn-p- k-ap-{Zw--A-Xv-emn-Iv k-ap-{Zw
5542. tI-c-f-n P-tem-k-h--p Xp-S-w Ip-dn-p- h-wI-fn- N--p-fw aq-ew h-w-I-fn
5543. B-\n _-k v hm-cm-W-kn-bn sk-{S ln-p kv-Iq m]n- h-jw- 1898
5544. B-\v-{[ tI-k-cn- F- A-]-c-\m-a-n-e-dn-b-s-n-cp- t\-Xmhv Sn- {]-Im-iw5545. {^m-kn-se- G-Xv ayq-kn-b-n-em-Wv- Um-hn-n-bp-sS- hn-JymX-am-b- sam-Wm-en-k- F-- s]-bn-dn-Mv- kq-n-n-cn-p--Xv-
ep-hvd
- v5546. thm-bv-kv Hm-^v C-y c-Nn--Xv- Zm-Zm-`m-bv \-h-tdm-Pn
5547. s^-U-d- `-c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-ap- cm-Py-n-s G--hpw h-en-b
k-hn-ti-j-X- A-[n-Im-c-hn-`-P-\w
5548. tI-c-f-n C-e-Iv-t{Sm-Wn-Iv thm-n-Mv b-{w B-Zy-am-bn D-]tbm-Kn- h-jw- 1982
5549. B-{K \-K-cw m-]n--Xv- kn-- tem-Zn
5550. tI-c-f-n G--hpw Iq-Sp-X hm-l-\- c-Pn- sN--sn-p- Pn-- F-d-Wm-Ip-fw
5551. B-h-em-Xn---e (\o-Xn---e) m-]n- ap-K N-{I-h-n P-lmw-Ko
5552. B-h-em-Xn---e \n-dp--em-n-b ap-K N-{I-h-n- jm-Plm
5553. sh-w ip-o-Ic
- n-m D-]t- bm-Kn-p- cm-kh
- k
- X
v- p- tm-dn
5554. B-cp-sS N-c-a-Zn-\-am-Wv hm-b-\m-Zn-\-am-bn B-N-cn-p--Xv]n.F.]-Wn-
5555. Cw-o-jv- Cu-kv-n-ym-I--\n- kv-Ym-]n-X-am-Ip-tm- B-cm-bncp-p- ap-K-N{- I-h-n- -A-Iv-_5556. C-n-cm-Km-\v-[n h-[n--s--sX-v- 1984 H-Iv-tSm-_ 31
5557. c-mw tem-I-a-lm-bp--n \n-jv-]--X ]m-en-s-n-epw
1940 P-a-\n B-{I-an- cm-Pyw--t\m-th
5558. c-mw tem-I-a-lm-bp--n P-\-kw-Jy-bp-sS G--hpw Iq-SpX i-X-am-\w a-c-Ww kw-`-hn- cm-Pyw- t]m-f-v
5559. A-ta-cn--bn-se- {]-[m-\- a-Xw- {In-kv-Xp-a-Xw5560. B-cp-sS P--Zn-\-am-Wv tI-c-f k-m X-z-m-\ Zn-\-ambn B-N-cn-p--Xv- i--cm-Nm-cy
5561. B-kv-]n-cn-\n-s cm-k-\m-aw - A-k-ss km-en-ssk-en-I
B-kn-Uv
5562. C-y kw-Ko-X-n-\v kn-Xm-dn-s\ ]-cn-N-b-s-Sp-n-b-Xv A-ao Jp-{kp
5563. C-y- kw-kvY
- m-\
- v- ap-Jy-a{- n-kvY
- m-\s
- -n-b B-Zy- kn\n-am- \-S--Fw- Pn- cm-a-N-{5564. ss{U-sk-n D-]-tbm-Kn-p- C-e-Iv-t{Sm-sse-v- A-tam-Wnbw tm-ssd-Uv
5565. ssa ssSw-kv- B-cp-sS B--I-Y-bm-Wv- sP._n.Ir-]-em-\n
5566. tI-c-f-n G--hpw Iq-Sp-X-em-bn Im-W-s-Sp- ]-n Im-
5567. {_n-o-jv ]m-e-sa v k-t-fn-p- sIm-m-cw- sh-v-an-
sIm-m-cw
33
CONFUSING FACTS
Hma ]qWambpw \inp AhbmWv Am-
5666.
5667.
5668.
5669.
5670.
5671.
5672.
5673.
5674.
5675.
5676.
5677.
5678.
5679.
5680.
5681.
5682.
5683.
5684.
5685.
5686.
5687.
5688.
5689.
5690.
5691.
5692.
5693.
5694.
5695.
5696.
5697.
5698.
5699.
5700.
5701.
5702.
5703.
5704.
5705.
5706.
5707.
34
CONFUSING FACTS
k-ky--sf h-f-p h-ep-Xm-Im A-\p-h-Zn-m-sX ap-cSn-n-v sN-dn-b B-Ir-Xn-bn h-f-p- P-m-\o-kv coXn-bm-Wv t_m-km-bv. k-ky--fp-sS C-e-I-fpw in-J-c-fpw {]-tXy-I B-Ir-Xn-bn sh-n-sbm-cp-p--Xm-Wv
tSm-n-b-dn.
]m-In-kv-Xm tZ-io-b-X-bp-sS ]n-Xm-a-l F--dn-b-sSp--Xv d-lv-a-v A-en-bm-Wv. C-y tZ-io-b-X-bp-sS
]n-Xm-a-l F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv cm-Pv \m-cm-b t_m-kv
B-Wv.
C-Xm-bv--C-Xm-bv tcm-Kw Im-Uv-an-bw aq-e-hpw an-\-am-X tcmKw sa-p-dn-aq-e-hpw D-m-Ip-p.
bq-tdm-n-se tcm-Kn F-p hn-fn--s- cm-Py-am-Wv Xpn. G-jy-bn-se tcm-Kn aym-am.
5775. tZ-ho-N-{-Kp-]v-Xw F- kw-kv-Ir-X \m-S-I-n-se tI-{ I-Ym]m-{Xw--N-{-Kp-]v-X hn-{I-am-Zn-Xy
5776. G-Xv Po-hn-bp-sS a-kv-Xn-jv-I-n-em-Wv {]-Ir-Xn-bn-se G--hpw
h-en-w Iq-Sn-b \yq-tdm Im-W-s-Sp--Xv- H-Iv-tSm--kv
5777. tZ-io-b ]--km-c K-th-j-W tI-{w F-hn-sS-bm-Wv -Im]q
5778. a-{n-am-v h-Ip-p-I-fp-sS Np-a-X-e hn-`-Pn-p-\-Im K-hW-sd D-]-tZ-in-p--Xv B-cm-Wv--ap-Jy-a-{n
5779. G-Xv Po-hn-bp-sS im-kv-{X-\m-a-am-Wv tlm-tam km-]n-b-kv--a\p-jy
5780. H-cp tem-Iv-k-`mw-K-n-\v Cw-o-jn-tem ln-n-bn-tem {]-kw-Knm A-dn-bn-m F-n am-Xr-`m-j-bn k-`-bn {]-kw-Knm A-\p-a-Xn \-Im B-m-Wv A-[n-Im-cw--kv-]o-
5781. P-lmw-Ko-dn-s ap-Jy-cm-n-bm-bn-cp--Xv- \q-P-lm
5782. C-y C-n-yq-v Hm-^v k-b-kv m-]n--Xv- Pw-j-Uv-Pn
Sm-
5783. d-jy hn-t-]n- B-Zy _-ln-cm-Im-i hm-l-\w- kv-]p-Sv-\n-Iv
5784. C-y C-v-yq-v Hm-^v s]-t{Sm-fn-bw n-Xn sN-p--Xv-
sU-dm-Uq
5785. C-y C-Un-s]-U-kv B-Iv-Sv \n-e-hn-h- Xo-b-Xn-
1947 Hm-K-v 15
5786. d-jy-bp-sS tZ-io-b Im-bn-I hn-t\m-Zw- kmw-t_m
5787. Po-h-im-kv-{X-n-s ]n-Xm-hv- F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- A-cn-tmn
5788. tI-cf
- \
- n-ba
- k
- `
- b
- p-sS N-cn-{X-n G-h
- pw Iq-Sp-X {]m-hi
- yw
Im-n-Mv thm-v {]-tbm-Kn- kv-]o-- F.kn.tPm-kv
5789. thm-bv-kv Hm-^v Z lm-v B-cp-sS B--I-Y-bm-Wv- ar-Wm-fn-\n
km-cm-`m-bn
5790. --- s {]-hm-l-am-Wv ssh-Zyp-Xn- C-e-Iv-t{Sm-Wp-I
5791. th-Wm-n ]p-e-t-Sn \n-tcm-[n- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn- tIm--bw tIc-fh
- -a
5792. d-kn-bm kp-m-\ h-[n--s- h-jw- 1240
5793. Po-hn-p- k-\ym-kn (kn-m ]o) F--dn-b-s- ap-K N-{Ih-n- Hu-dw-K-ko-_v
5794. dm-h-]n-n F-Ik
-v {-v ]-kv F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp- Im-bn-IX
- m-cw- sjmbv-_v A-
5795. tI-cf
-
- n ]q-Wa
- m-bn ssh-Zyp-Xo-Ic
- n-s
- - B-Zy-s {Kma-]-m-b-v- I-m-Sn(]m-e-m-Sv Pn-)
5796. dm-jv _n-lm-cn t_m-kv C-y C-Un-s]-U-kv eo-Kv m]n--sX-hn-sS- P-m
5797. Pv-Rm-\-]oTw t\-Sn-b B-Zy X-an-gv km-ln-Xy-Im-c--]n.hn.AJn-em-Wv-U(A-Jn-e)
5798. C-y- D-]-`q-J-Wv-U-n- H-cp- hn-tZ-i-i-Iv-Xn-bp-sS-bpw- tatm-bv-a-bv-p- hn-t[-b-am-Im-- H-tc-sbm-cp- cm-Pyw- --t\-m-
35
36
CONFUSING FACTS
cmPohv Km\v[nbpsS PZn\w (BKkvXv 20) kZv`m-
37
CONFUSING FACTS
X]m mn ASns BZys tIm{Kkv
{]knU v almmKmn. \mWbn BZyambn
ap{ZWw sNs tIm{Kkv {]knU v Phmlem
s\{lp.
\oecap Pohn hn`mKw samfIvk, ]capXv
A\enU.
ssZhns kzw \mSv FdnbsSp Cy
kwm\w tIcfw. ssZhns kzw \mSv
FdnbsSp cmPyw \yqkneUv.
{_ns hyhtbm[nI Fp hnfns {][m\a{nbmbncpp hneyw Fhmv mUv (18091898).
CybpsS hyhtbm[nI FdnbsXv ZmZm`mbv
\htdmPn (18251917) BWv.
6153.- sX-bn A-W-s-n-s ]p-Xn-b t]cv- c-Rv-Pn-Xv km-K (l-cn-bm-\)
6154.- sX-ep-p-tZ-iw- ]m-Sn- kv-Ym-]n-Xv- F- Sn- cm-a-dm-hp- (Nn-lv-\w ssk-n)6155.- tI-cf
-
- n-se G-h
- pw h-en-b ag-m-Sv- ssk-e v hm-en
6156.- sX-t A-ta-cn--bn-se G-hpw h-en-b X-Sm-Iw- n-n-m-
6157.- tI-c-f-n-se G--hpw h-en-b
A-W-s-v- a-e-p-g
6158.- t]m-jW
- s
- -p-dn-p- ]T-\w t{Sm-t^m-f-Pn
6159.- tI-c-f-n-se G--hpw h-enb cm-k-h-f-\n-am-W-im-e-
^m-IvS- v
6160.- sh-t tm-v sS-v GXp tcm-K-hp-am-bn _--sdm- h - ] n- n F- I v - k v - { ]- k v Fn-cn-p-p- F-bv-Uv-kv
d n- b - s - S p- Im- b n- I - X m- c w-
6161.- sIm-n-bn-se G--hpw {]-isjm- b v - _ v A-
kv-X-\m-b cm-Pm-hv- i-
X-p-cm
6162.- s\m-t_ k-m-\w a-c-Wm-\--c _-lp-a-Xn-bm-bn e-`n- BZy hy-n-bm-b F-dn-Iv A-Iv-k Im-s^-v G-Xp cm-Pym-c-\m-bn-cp-p- kzo-U
6163.- sIm-n-bn-se I-eq C-\m-j-W t-Un-bw B-cp-sS t]cn-em-Wv A-dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- P-hm-l-em s\-{lp
6164.- B-[p-\n-I P-\m-[n-]-Xy-n-s B-Wn--v F--dn-b-s-Sp-Xv- am--Im-
6165.- ssh-Zyp-Xn-bp-sS {]-k-c-W-hpw hn-X-c-W-hpw kz-Im-cy-h--cn B-Zy C-y kw-m-\w- H-do-k
6166.- Xn-cp-h\
-
- ]
- p-cw Zq-cZ- -i tI-{w {]-h-\
- a
- m-cw-`n- h-jw1982
6167.- ssh-Zyp-Xn-bp-sS C-kn-n-bp-sS bq-Wn-v- B-n-b
6168.- sF-Iy-cm-jv-{S-k-` C-S-s]- B-Zy-s bp-w- sIm-dn-b bpw
6169.- B-[p-\n-I C--en-sb G-Io-I-cn--Xv- Km-cn-_m-Un
6170.- A-cn-tm-n-en-s in-jy-\m-b am-kn-tUm-Wn-b cm-P-Ip-am-c-A-e-Iv-km-
6171.- tI-c-f-n sk v B--tem tIm- F-hn-sS n-Xn sN-pp- I-q
6172.- Cw--n-se-n-b B-Zy-s {_m--W- cm-Pm-dmw tam-l
tdm-bv
6173.- tI-c-f-n ssk-\n-I kv-Iq n-Xn-sN-p- -ew- I-gp-w
6174.- tI-c-f-n sXm-gn-en-m-bv-a th-X-\w \-S-m-n-b ap-Jy-a-{n-F.-sI. B-Wn
38
Dc sImdnbsbbpw ZnWsImdnbsbbpw
thXncnpXv F{Xmas kamc tcJbmWv
]nbpsS t{Imatkmw kwJy
ISphbpsS t{Imatkmw kwJy
cmPys hnhn[ P\hn`mK Xnep AkaXzw
Ipdbvm tv ]cn{ianWw Fv \njvIjnp
Cy `cWLS\m A\ptZtaXv
kvt{Smjyns AWpkwJy
2011 skkkv {]Imcw Cybnse \Kc P\kwJy
F{X tImSnbmWv (37.7)
{Inv _mn\v F{X Cphsc \ofapmIpw
CONFUSING FACTS
{_nojv Cybnse KhW P\damcn Ghpw
IqSpXImew B ]Zhn hlnXv hmd tlnMvkv
BWv(1773--85). Ghpw IqSpXImew A[nImcn
XpS ssht{kmbn enenXvtKm {]`phmWv (1936-43).
Nncnp arKw IgpXpen, Nncnp ]n Ipm_pc.
ttm m]n hnZymebamWv AmZan.
AcntmnemWv sseknbw m]nXv.
kap{Zn\Snbn a{nk`mtbmKw tN BZy cmPyw
amenZzo]v. Fhdn a{nk`mtbmKw tNXv t\m.
6289.- Z-n-tW-y- kw-kv-Ym-\--fn- G--hpw- Ipdhv h-\-{]-tZ-iap- kw-kv-Ym-\w-- tKmh
6290.- Z-n-W Zzm-c-I F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- Kp-cp-hm-bq
6291.- Im-m-cn-n \m-S-I-n-s P-\n-bn-Xm-hm-bn I-W-m--s-Sp-Xv- sIm--I tI-i-h-]n- B-im
6292.- ssN-\-bn cm-P-`-c-Ww A-h-km-\n-n- t\-Xm-hv- k-bm-Xv
sk
6293.- Im-c-v B-Zy-am-bn Ir-jn sN-bv-X cm-Pyw- A-^v-Km-\n-kv-Xm
6294.- C-y-bn-se G--hpw D-b- _-lp-a-Xn- `m-c-X-c-Xv-\w
6295.- cm- a m- b - W - n- s A- [ ym- b - A- d n- b - s - S p- t]- c v Im-Wv-Uw
6296.- cm-Pn-sh-m- D-t-in-p--]-w- {]-kn-U v- B-m-Wv- cmPn--v- \-tI--Xv- ssh-kv- {]-kn-Un-\v6297.- C-Sp-n Pn--bp-sS B-m-\w- ss]-\m-hv
6298.- Ip-m-t\z-j-W-n-\v t]m-eo-kv D-]-tbm-Kn-p- \m-b- kv-\n^ \m-b
6299.- Z-n-tW-y B-{I-an- B-Zy ap-nw `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn- A-em-hpo Jn-Pn
6300.- Iw-Km-cp F-en km-[m-c-W-am-bn Im-W-s-Sp- `q-J-Wv-Uw- h-St A-ta-cn-
6301.- Z-n-W Ipw-`-ta-f F--dn-b-s-S--Xv- i-_-cn-a-e-bn-se a-I-chn-f-v
6302.- tIm-iw I-p-]n-Sn--Xv- tdm-_-v lp-v
6303.- tIm-kn ]--Xn-bp-sS \n-am-W-n _o-lm-dp-am-bn k-l-I-cn cm-Pyw- t\-m
6304.- jn-Iv sS-v G-Xp tcm-K-hp-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p- Un-^v-Xocn-b
6305.- k-Xy-Pn-Xv td-bp-sS A-h-km-\ Nn-{Xw- A-Km-p-Iv
6306.- Z-n-tW-y-bn-se B-Zy-s h-\n-Xm K-h-W im-c-Zm apJ-Pn (197778)
6307.- G--hpw h-en-b amw-k-t`m-Pn- kv-t]w Xn-anw-Kn-ew
6308.- tlm-p-kv- a-e-_m-dn--kv- F- {K-\v-Y-n- {]-[m-\-am-bpw{]-Xn-]m-Zn-n-cn-p--Xv- a-e-_m-dn-se k-ky--sf--n6309.- Z-n-W sd-bn-sh-bp-sS B-kv-Ym-\w- -sN-ss
6310.- G--hpw h-en-b I-S Po-hn- \o-e-n-anw-Kn-ew
6311.- tIm-gn-tm-Sv- \-K-cw- kv-Ym-]n--Xv- G-Xv h-j-n-
F.Un.-1295
6312.- h-ep--n F-{Xmw m-\-am-Wv C-Sp-n Pn--bv-v- -c-mwm-\w
6313.- tkm-Un-bw t^m-kv-t^-v \n-am-W-n-se D-t]m-]-w--Im_ U-tbm-Iv-ssk-Uv
6314.- tNm-f-am-cp-sS {]-[m-\ Xp-d-ap-Jw- Im-th-cn-]--Ww
6315.- H-fn-n-Iv-kn ]-s-Sp- B-Zy a-e-bm-fn h-\n-X- ]n.-Sn.-D-j
6316.- G--hpw Iq-Sp-X Pq-X-am-cp- cm-Pyw- bp.-F-kv.-F.6317.- Xm-k k-m-\w-\-Ip--Xv G-Xp kw-m-\-s K-hsam-Wv- a-[y-{]-tZ-iv
6318.- {]-Xy- P-\m-[n-]-Xy kw-hn-[m-\w \n-e-hn-ep- bq-tdm-]y
cm-jv-{Sw- kzn-v-k-e v
6319.- Xr-q ]q-cw Xp-S-n-b-Xv- i- X-p-cm
6320.- tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy-s I-b-{Km-aw--h-b-em
39
CONFUSING FACTS
1857se hnhImev Cybn KhW P\d
40
CONFUSING FACTS
sk]vXw_ 27 temI hnt\mZkmcZn\hpw(World
Tourism Day) P\hcn 25 tZiob hnt\mZ kmcZn\hpamWv.
CuPn]vjy kwkvImcns en]nbmWv lotcmn^nIv k v ( hnip Fgpv ) . IyqWnt^mw en]n
D]tbmKnncpXv saskms]mmanb kwkvImcamWv ( kptacnb). sskhP\X D]tbmKnncpXpw CXphsc hymJym\nsnnmXpamb
en]nbmWv Nn{Xen]n (Pictographic).
lnpaXnse Imhn FdnbsXv Zbm\v
kckzXnbmWv. icmNmcycmWv lnpaXnse
AIzn\mkv Fp hntijnnsXv.
6539.- C-y-bn C-Yw-{]-Y-a-am-bn H-cp h-\n-X-sb \m-a-\n-tZ-iw sNbv-Xv Aw-K-am-n-b \n-b-a-k-` G-Xm-bn-cp-p- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq
6540.- B-K-a-kn-m-w G-Xp a-X-m-cp-sS {K--am-Wv- ssP-\
6541.- B-Km-Jm I-v G-Xp I-fn-bp-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p-
tlm-n
6542.- Km-n-Pn-bp-sS A-[y--X-bn B C-ym Jn-em-^-v
tIm-^-d-kv \-S- -ew- U-ln
6543.- Km-n-Pn-bp-sS a-- l-cn-em,a-Wn-em,cmw-Zm-kv,tZ-h-Zm-kv
6544.- kw-m-\-v sk-k-kv B-cw-`n-p--Xv B-cp-sS hn-h-c-
ti-Jc
- n-p-Xp-S
- p-t- Xm-sS-bm-Wv- K
- h
- -W
6545.- m-\-]oT-tP-Xm-hm-b sF.-F.-F-kv.-Hm-^o-k ko-Xm-Im-v
a-lm-]m-{X
6546.- A-ip--c-w h-ln-p- H-tc-sbm-cp [-a-\n- ]-a-W-dn [-a-\n
6547.- A-Iv-_ \m-a, A-bv-\n A-Iv-_-dn F-o Ir-Xn-I c-Nn--Xv-
A-_p ^m-k
6548.- t{K- ln-am-e-b \n-c-I-fp-sS a-sm-cp t]-cv- ln-am-{Zn
6549.- B-lm-c-n-e-S-n-bn-cn-p- Du-Pw A-f-p- bq-Wn-v- Item-dn
6550.- t]m-n-s \-K-cw F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- tdmw
6551.- tZ-i-_-p F--dn-b-s--Xv- kn.-B.-Zm-kv
6552.- t]m-v kw-Ko-X-n-s cm-Pm-hv ssa- Pm-Iv-k
6553.- t]m-fn-tbm-sb A-Xn-Po-hn- G--hpw {]-i-kv-X-\m-b hy-n-{^m-v-fn Un dq-kv-sh-v
6554.- tI-cf
-
- n-se B-Zy-s I-b ^m-IvS- d
- n-bm-b Um-dm-kv sa-bn
m-]n--Xv--sP-bnw-kv Um-d
6555.- tSm-n-tbm G-Xv k-ap-{Z-Xo-c-m-Wv--]-k-^n-Iv k-ap-{Zw
6556.- t]m-v Hm-^o-kv tk-hn-Mv-kv _m-v kw-hn-[m-\w C-y-bn
B-cw-`n- h-jw- 1882
6557.- tPm-k-^v ap--t-cn-bp-sS B--I-Y- sIm-gn- C-e-I
6558.- A-m l-km-tc G-Xv kw-m-\-m-c-\m-Wv- a-lm-cm-jv-{S
6559.- t]m-p-Ko-kp-Im {_n-o-jp-Im-v kv-{Xo-[\
- a
- m-bn t_mw-s_
\-In-b h-jw- 1661
6560.- B-lm-cw I-gp-In-b-Xn-\p-ti-jw Xn-p- P-p- dm-q
6561.- b-lq-Z-a-Xw m-]n--Xv- tam-k-kv
6562.- \m-k-tcm-h- X-o--Sw G-Xp kw-m-\-m-Wv- Kp-P-dmv
6563.- -a-dv- B-v-en- C-y-bp-sS kzm-X-{yw- {]-Jym-]n-p-tmssh-t{km-bn- B-bn-cp--Xv- th-h- {]-`p6564.- -b-n-\p Im-c-W-am-b _m-Iv-So-cn-b- ssa-t{Im _m-Iv-So-cn-bw
Syp-_-p-te
6565.- S-Iv-kv F- I--\n-bp-sS Nn-w--s]-Kzn
6566.- sN-hn D-]-tbm-Kn-v C-cp-n ap-n-se X-S-- Xn-cn--dn-bp Po-hn -h-m
6567.- sN-kv- I-fn-bn- H-mw-kv-Ym-\-v- \n-p-- cm-Py-ta-Xv--d-jy6568.- G-Xp cm-Py-n \n-m-Wv Cu-bn-sS tam-n-s\-t{Km kzm-X{yw t\-Sn-b-Xv- sk-_n-b
6569.- Km-n-Pn-bp-sS am-Xm-]n-Xm-- I-cw-N-v Km-n-bpw ]p-Xv-en`m-bn-bpw
41
CONFUSING FACTS
apnv Hcp {]tXyI {]hniy F Bibw
42
6770.- tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy-s lr-Z-b-am- i-kv-{X-{In-b-bv-p t\-XrXzw \-In-b-Xv- tPm-kv Nm-tm s]-cn-b-p-dw
6771.- s\m-t_ k-m-\-n-\-l-\m-b-ti-jw `m-c-X-c-Xv-\w t\-Sn-b
B-Zy hy-n- kn.-hn.-cm-a
6772.- B-cp-sS tI-kv hm-Zn-m-\m-Wv Km-n-Pn Z-n-Wm-{^n--bn
t]m-b-Xv- tk-v A-_v-Zp-
6773.- C-y-bn G--hpw Iq-Sp-X h--am-\ ]-{X- D- kwm-\w- D- {]-tZ-iv
6774.- {_n-o-jv k-m-cn-s Hu-tZym-Kn-I-tc-J-bp-sS t]-cv- \o-e ]pkvX
- I
- w
6775.- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv \m-a-tZ-h `-n-{]-m-\w {]-N-cn-n--Xv- a-lmcm-jv{- S
6776.- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv ]-m-b-o-cm-Pn-\p Xp-S-w Ip-dn--Xv- \m-Kq
(cm-P
m)
6777.- C-y-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b Xq-p-]m-ew- lu-d ]m-ew (c-_o{ tk-Xp)
6778.- D-j kv-Iq Hm-^v A-Xv-e-n-Iv-kv F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- sIm-bn-em-n
6779.- D-p-c-kw G--hpw Iq-Sp-X-ep- k-ap-{Zw- Nm-hp-I-S
6780.- cm-Pm-Pn \m-j-W ]m-v G-Xv kw-m-\-m-Wv- D--cmJ-WvU
- v
6781.- D--S Zzo-]p-I F-p-Iq-Sn t]-cp- C-y-bn-se tI-{-`-cW-{]-tZ-iw- B--am \n-tm-_m
6782.- D-Im-bv ]--Xn- G-Xp \-Zn-bn- X-]v-Xn
6783.- hw-i-hn-th-N-\-n-s t]-cn C-y kn-hn k-ho-kn\n-v ]p-d-m--s-v kzm-X-{y-k-a-c-tk-\m-\n -kp-tc-{-\mYv _m-\-Pn
6784.- `q-tKm-f-n G--hpw h-S-m-bn n-Xn-sN-p- X-e-m-\\-K-cw- sd-bv-Iv-Pm-hn-Iv
6785.- `q-a-[y-tc-J-bpw ]q-Pyw Un-{Kn tc-Jmw-i-hpw ({Ko-\n- tc-J) Xn Iq-n-ap-p-X
- n-\v G-h
- p-aS- p-p n-Xn sN-p- X-e
m\ \-K-cw- A-{I
6786.- B.-F-kv.-F-kv.--s m-]-I- tI-i-hv-dm-hp sl-Uv-tK-hm
6787.- dq-kv I-n-n-bp-sS F-Iv-kv H-^o-tjym A-[y--\m-cv--kv-]o
6788.- B.-Un.-F-Iv-kv--F--Xn-s ]q-W-cq-]w- dn-k-v Un-m-vsa v F-Iv-kv-tm-ko-hv
6789.- dq-t-e o ]v-fmn-s \n-am-W-n k-l-I-cn- cm-Pyw P-a-\n
6790.- C-y-bn t]m-p-Ko-kv km-{am-Pyw m-]n-X
- v- A-_p-v
6791.- dq-tm G-Xp cm-Py-m-Wv P-\n--Xv- kzn-v-k-e-Uv
6792.- B-bn-cw Ip-p-I-fp-sS \m-Sv- dp-hm-
6793.- G-gp-a-e-I-fp-sS \m-Sv -tPm-Zm
6794.- `q-an-bp-sS A-]-c F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv ssS-
6795.- B-{^n--bp-sS \n-e- lr-Z-bw F-p hn-ti-jn-n--s-Sp-
cm-Pyw- Nm-Uv
6796.- H-fn-n-Iv-kn C-y So-an-s\ \-bn- B-Zy a-e-bm-fn(C-y\pw) h-\n-X- ssj-\n hn-k(1992, _m-gv-k-tem-W)
bpn {]tbmKnm
sXntmtbmhph
Kn\nnbvv (Guinea Pig) ]nhKhpambn _an.
CXv Fen DsSp rodent F hn`mKnse
AwKamWv.
CuPn]vXns tZiob ]pjv]amb Egyptian Lotus Hcn\w
water-lily (B) BWv.
Hcmsf completely sealed Bb apdnbn ]qnbnm
acWw kw`hnpXv HmIvknP e`nmXpaqeambncnn, carbon dioxide poisoning
ImcWambncnpw.
cpIpIfn Hp \jv S sm Imgv N bpsS
cnsem, Ansemt \jvSamIq.
Imetmgn Fv hnfnpXv aqsbbmWv.
6797.- h-f-n-s D-]-tbm-K-n G--hpw ap-n-ep- ({]-Xn-io-j)
kw-m-\w- ]-m-_v
6798.- G--hpw- Iq-Sp-X- P-\-k-w-J-y-bp-- A-ta-cn- kv-t-v-
Im-en-t^m-Wn-b6799.- H-fn-n-Iv sa-U-t\-Sn-b B-Zy-s C-y-m-cn- I-Ww
a-t-iz-cn
6800.- tlm-]v-In C-n-yq-v F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--apw-ss_
6801.- H-fn-n-Iv-kn-\p th-Zn-bm-b B-Zy G-jy \-K-cw- tSm-n-tbm
(1964)
6802.- G--hpw Iq-Sp-X P-\-kw-Jy-bp- h-I-c--G-jy
6803.- G--hpw ]-g--ap- hn-am-\ k-ho-kv- sI-F-Fw (s\-Xe-Uv-kv)
6804.- B-{^n--bp-sS lr-Z-bw F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw -_p-dp-n
6805.- tI-c-f-n-se G--hpw h-S-t-b--s tm-v ]-m-b-v-
a-t-iz-cw
6806.- Z-n-W-Im-in-sb--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- cm-ta-iz-cw
6807.- G--hpw ]-g-w-sN- s^-U-d kw-hn-[m-\-ap--Xv -bp.-F-kv.F.6808.- Xp-n-bp-sS G-jy `m-K-am-Wv -G-jym-ssa-\
6809.- Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-s G-jy `m-Kw- kn-\m-bv D-]-Zzo-]v
6810.- C-a-b-h-c- F- m-\-t-cp-m-bn-cp- tN-c-cm-Pm-hv -s\Spw-tN-ce
- m-X
6811.- C-y-bn-se- B-Zy-s- h-[n--s-- ap-Jy-a-{n- _n-bm-v knMv
6812.- G--hpw ]-g--ap- X-e-m-\w U-am-kv-I-kv
6813.- C-y-bn B-Zy-am-bn kz-Im-cy--h--cn--s- jn-tbm-\m-Yv
]p-g G-Xp kw-m-\-m-Wv- O-n-kv-K-Vv
6814.- ssP-\-]-Wv-Un-X-\m-b -tl-a-N-{- B-cp-sS- k-Z-ky-\m-bn-cp-p
- P-b-knw-l-kn--cm-P
6815.- bm- tIm-^-d-kn ]-s-Sp- A-ta-cn- {]-kn-U v-{^m-v-fn Un dq-kv-sh-v
6816.- G-sXm-s cm-Py--n-S-bn-ep- A-Xn-n tc-J-bm-Wv dmUv-n-^v tc-J- C-y-bpw ]m-In-kv-Xm-\pw
6817.- bp.-]n.-F-kv.-kn.-m-]n-X-am-b h-jw- 1950
6818.- C-y-bn cq-]-bp-sS ap-Km-an-p Xp-S--an--Xv B-cp-sS `-c-WIm-e-v- sj-j
6819.- G--hpw ]-g--ap- ]--Ww -sP-dn-tm
6820.- N-{-s\-p-dn-p- ]T-\w -sk-e-t\m-f-Pn
6821.- kq-cy-s\-p-dn-p- ]T-\w- lo-en-tbm-f-Pn
6822.- kz-X-{-am-b H-cp cm-Py-s ]q-W-am-bn D-sm-p- G-hpw h-en-b Zzo-]v -a-U-Km-kv-I
6823.- -t]-jy-bn-se A-e-Iv-km-- F-p hn-ti-jn-n--s--Xv
-\m-Zn jm
6824.- `-c-W-L-S-\m \n-am-W-k-`-bp-sS Xm-Xv-Im-en-I A-[y-- kn-Zm-\- kn-l
6825.- ]m-In-kv-Xm-\n-se G--hpw h-en-b \-Zn--kn-p
6826.- A--c-am-em-{I-a-n B-Zy A-ta-cn- kw-m-\w- A-e_m-a
43
CONFUSING FACTS
]mInkv X ms tZiobKm\amWv Izman Xcm\m.
A^vKm\nkvXms tZiob Km\amWv ann Xcm\.
B{^nbpsS sImv skmamenb. B{^nbpsS
]Wbs sImv Pn_qn.
Fs IY cNnXv am[hnpn (Iaem kqc). Fs
PohnXIY cNnXv F.sI. tKm]me.
tdma ]pcmWfn _pnbpsS A[ntZhX
an\hbpw {Kov ]pcmWfnteXv AYo\bpamWv.
B{^nbpsS lrZbw FdnbsSp cmPyw
_pdpnbmWv. B{^nbpsS \ne lrZbw Fp
hntijnnsSp cmPyamWv NmUv.
6924.- G-Xp ]-n-bp-sS im-kv-{X-\m-a-am-Wv {kp-Xn-tbm I-ta-e-kv--H-I--n
6925.- C-y \m-j-W tIm-{K-kv k-t-f-\-n h-t-am-X-cwB-Zy-am-bn B-e-]n--s- h-jw- 1896
6926.- Kn-bm-kp-o Xp--n-s ]-g-b t]-cv- Km-kn-am-en-v
6927.- C-y X-z-Nn--bp-sS A-Sn-m-\w F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv-
D-]-\n-j-p-I
6928.- C-y-bn F-n-\o-tb-gv-kv Zn-\-am-bn B-N-cn-p--Xv- sk-]vXw-_ 15
6929.- bq-tdm-]y-cm tIm-f-\n-h--cn--s-Sm- G-I sX-p-In-g-t\-jy cm-Pyw- Xm-bv-e-Uv
6930.- ar--I-Sn-Iw c-Nn--Xv- iq-{Z-I
6931.- B-j-kv- {In--v a--cw G-sXm-s cm-Py- X-n-em-Wv-
Cw--pw Hm-kv-t{S-en-b-bpw
6932.- B
- j
- m-ta-t\m- F- Xq-en-Im-\m-a
- n A-dn-bs
- -Sp-X
- v- sI.{io-Ip-am
6933.- lp-a-bq F-hn-sS-bm-Wv P-\n--Xv- Im-_q
6934.- sl-dnw-Kv t]m-v F--dn-b-s-Sp- k-ap-{Zw--A-Xv-emn-Iv k-ap{Zw
6935.- Sm-tKm P-\n--Xv- 1861
6936.- {_n-o-jn-y-bn-se B-Zy-s ssh-t{km-bn- Im-\n-Mv {]-`p
6937.- Z-n-tW-y-bp-sS A-cn-n-w F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- Ir-jv-Wm-tKm-Zm-h-cn sU-
6938.- Sn-p kp-m h-[n--s- h-jw- 1799
6939.- G-Xp cm-Pm-hn-s Im-e-m-Wv cm-a- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn Z-fh-bm-bn-cp--Xv- am-m-Wv-U-h-a
6940.- C-y \m-jW
- tIm-{K-kn-s B-Zy-kt- -f\
-
- n-s thZn- apw-s_-bn-se tKm-Ip-Zm-kv tX-Pv-]m kw-kv-Ir-X tImtf-Pv
6941.- Xp-n-I tIm-mn-t\m-n ]n-Sn--S-n-b h-jw- 1453
6942.- Sn-p- s\-Sp-tm- B-{I-an--Xv- G-Xv h-j-n- F.-Un.-1789
6943.- G-Xp cm-Pm-hn-s B-m-\-I-hn-bm-bn-cp-p _m-W-`-- lj
6944.- Sm-tKm, {]-`p-m-\w D-t]-n--Xn-\p Im-c-Ww- Pm-en-b hmem-_m-Kv Iq--sm-e
6945.- Xp-ep-h-hw-iw m-]n--Xv- ho-c \-c-knw-l
6946.- sk-e-t\m-{K-^n F-p-am-bn _--- ]T-\-im-J-bm-Wv--N-{
6947.- Z-n-tW-y-bn-se B-Zy sa-t{Sm sd-bn-th m-]n--s-
\-K-cw--_mw-q
6948.- lp-m-bn G-Xv cm-Py-s Im I--\n-bmWv- Z-n-W
sIm-dn-b
6949.- l-Pq- I-t-cn- sIm--p-\n-v- Xn-cp-h-\--]p-c-t-v- am-n-bXv- G-Xv h-j-n- F.-Un.-1830
6951.- tUm-v F--Xv G-Xv tcm-K-n-\p- Nn-In-m co-Xn-bm-Wv- bw
6952.- tX-\o--I-fn-m- h-I-c--Am-n-
6953.- A-tm-an-bw F- kv-am-c-Iw G-Xv cm-Py-m-Wv s_-Pn-bw
6954.- tX-bn-e- D-]-m-Z-\-n-epw- D-]-t`m-K-n-epw- H-mw-kv-Ym-\w- GXp-cm-Py-n-\m-Wv- --C-y6955.- t^m-Wm-{Km-^v I-p-]n-Sn--Xm-cv -F-Un-k
6956.- A-a-c-knw-l-s ]p-c-kv-I-m-hv--N-{-Kp-]v-X hn-{I-am-Zn-Xy
6957.- tI-c-f-n-se G--hpw h-en-b ip--P-e-X-Sm-Iw- im-kv-Xmw-tIm
6958.- tZ-h-Kn-cn-bp-sS ]p-Xn-b t]-cv- Zu-e-m-_m-Zv
6959.- tUm.-- sl-a- Kp--v- A--cn--Xv- G-Xv h-j-n- F.-Un.1893
6960.- B--tlm \n-am-W-n D-t]m-]-w--Im-_ Utbm-Iv-ssk-Uv
6961.- t^m-Iv-em-Uv- Zzo-]p-I-fp-sS-ta-ep-- A-h-Im-i-hm-Z-s-p-Sp-m-b- bp--n- G-Xv- cm-Py-s-bm-Wv- {_-n-- 1982tXm-]n--Xv- --A-P-do-\6962.- A-m-cm-jv-{S sd-Uv t{Im-kv ayq-kn-bw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--P-\o-h
6963.- C-y-bn Xn-tbm-k-^n- skm-ssk-n-bp-sS B-m-\-ambn-cp--Xv- A-U-bm
6964.- en-n kn-h F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- ]v-fm-n-\w
6965.- B-Zy-s io-X-Im-e H-fn-n-Iv-kn-\p th-Zn-bm-b {^-p \-Kcw- N-tam-Wn-Iv-kv(1924)
6966.- eq-Y-d-\n-kw ]n-d-hn-sIm- h-I-c bq-tdm-v
6967.- B-Zy-s Ir-{Xn-a \m-cv- d-tbm
6968.- C-y B-Zy-am-bn A-Wp-hn-kv-t^m-S-\w \-S-n-b -ew- s]m{Jm
6969.- dq-tm, thm--b, tam--kv-Iyp F-n-h G-Xp hn--h-sbm-Wv kzm-[o-\n--Xv- {^-p-hn--hw
6970.- C-y-bn- I-S-am-Kw- h- B-Zy-s hn-tZ-in-I- A-d-_nI6971.- e-v-an-`m-bn \m-j-W tIm-tf-Pv Hm-^v ^n-kn- F-Pyp-tj- Kzm-fn-tbm
6972.- C-y-bn Xo-c-{]-tZ-i-p- G--hpw h-en-b X-Sm-Iw-
Nn-
6973.- B-cp-sS Xq-en-Im-\m-a-am-bn-cp-p t_m-kv- Nm-kv Un--kv
6974.- C-y-bn G--hpw Iq-Sp-X D-]-tbm-Kn-p- hn-tZ-i-`m-j-
Cw-o-jv
6975.- G-Xp i-XI
-
- n-em-Wv {In-kvX
- y an-j\
- d
- n-am C-y-bn-se-nb-Xv- F.-Un.-H-mw i-X-Iw
6976.- tI-c-f-n-se G--hpw ]-g--ap- ]-{Xw- Zo-]n-I
6977.- C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s ^o- ^n-enw- cm-Pm l-cn-iv-N-\v-{Z
6978.- G-Xp I-fn-bp-am-bn _--s- ]-Z-am-Wv _p-n- tlm-n
6979.- tI-c-f-n-se h-\y-Po-hn k-t-X--fn a-c-n-s t]-cn
A-dn-b-s-Sp- G-I k-t-Xw- sN-p-cp-Wn
6980.- 1790 B- Z y- a m- b n sk- k - k v \- S - n- b cm- P yw-
bp.-Fk
- v.F
- .6981.- G-Xp hw-i-n-se cm-Pm-hm-bn-cp-p A-Pm-X-i-{Xp- l-cy-
6982.- C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s F--n-W- A-k-an-se Zn-Kv-t_m-bn
6983.- G-Xp hn-m-an-s A-`m-h-n-em-Wv \n-im--X D-m-Ip--Xv-
hn-m-an F
6984.- C-y-bn _-P-v k-{-Zm-bw \-S-m-n-b-Xv G-Xv ssh-t{kmbn-bp-sS Im-e-v- Im-\n-Mv {]-`p
6985.- G-Xp ap-K N-{I-h-n-bp-sS Im-e-m-Wv ap-K Nn-{X-I-e ]c-a-tIm-Sn {]m-]n--Xv- P-lmw-Ko
6986.- -tPym-Xn-_ ^p-se-bp-sS cm-jv-{So-b in-jy--_n.-B.-Aw-t_ZvI
-
6987.- G-Xp cm-Py-m-Wv A-e-Iv-km- m-]n- A-e-Iv-km-{n-b
Xp-d-ap-Jw- Cu-Pn-]v-Xv
6988.- e-yw am-K-s km-[q-I-cn-pw F-p ]-d--Xv- am-n-bsh-n
6989.- E-tKz-Z-n-se tm-I--fp-sS F-w- 1028
6990.- C-y-bn-\n-p-ap--h-v an-kv bq-Wn-th-gv-kv, an-kv th-Uv
]-- H-cp-an-v e-`n- h-jw- 1994
6991.- Xn-cp-s
- Im-n-bn cm-P{- ]-ap-J
m-\w h-ln-n-cp- cm-Pm-hv- Nnn-c Xn-cp-\m
6992.- G-Xp cm-Py-n-\m-Wv 3 `m-jb
- n Hu-tZym-Kn-I\
- m-aa
- p-X
- v- kznvk
- -e-Uv
44
CONFUSING FACTS
kpmt\v ImeLnse cmPhwifn Ghpw
IqSpX Imew `cnXv Xppamcpw Ghpw IpdpImew
`cnXv JnPnamcpamWv.
{_nojv Cybnse AIv_ Fdnbs KhW
P\demWv shn {]`p. {_nojv Cybnse
HudwKko_v Fv hntijnnsSp KhW
P\d Igvk {]`phmWv.
acWm\c _lpaXnbmbn s\mt_ kam[m\
km\w e`n BZy bp.F.sk{Idn P\d UmKv
lmatjmUmWv . ]Zhnbnencns s\mt_
kam[m\ km\w t\Snb BZy bp.F.sk{Idn
P\d tIm^n Am\mWv.
7048.- B-t_ ]p-c-kv-Im-cw \-Ip- cm-Pyw--t\m-th
7049.- G--hpw h-en-b G-I-tIm-iw G-Xp ]-n-bp-sS ap--bp-sS a--cp-hm-Wv--H--I--n
7050.- F-{_-lmw en- P-\n- 1809 s^-{_p-h-cn H--Xn-\v P-\n-
im-kv{- X--N
- m-kv Um-hn
7051.- tt_m-tUm an-{in-Xw I-p-]n-Sn--Xm-cv- -an-m-sU-v
7052.- tIm-a-sh-n-s B-m-\-a-n-cw- am-_-tdm lu-kv(e)
7053.- G-Xv cm-Py-am-Wv A-Uv-an-d tKm-jv-tIm-hv F- hn-am-\-hm-ln\n-- C-y-v ssI-am-dp--Xv--d-jy
7054.- tIm-Uo-en-b- F- I-Ym-]m-{X-s kr-jv-Sn--Xv- tj-Iv-kv-]nb
7055.- G-Xp \-Zn-bp-sS {]m-No-\-\m-a-am-Wv _m-cn-kv- ]-
7056.- G-sXm-s cm-Py-f
- p-sS A-Xn-n-n-Sb
- n-em-Wv \-bm-{K- bp.F-kv.-F.- Im-\-U
7057.- tX--Sn h-\y-Po-hn k-t-X-n-s ]-g-b t]-cv- s\-n-mws]-n
7058.- tI-c-f-n-se G--hpw h-en-b P-e-ssh-Zyp-X ]--Xn- C-Sp-n
7059.- tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy-s kz-Im-cy Sn.-hn.-Nm-\ I--\n- Gjym-s\-v
7060.- F-\n-p c-w X-cq Rm \n--p kzm-X-{yw X-cq F-p
]-d--Xv- kp-`m-jv N-{-t_m-kv
7061.- tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy-s P-e-ssh-Zyp-X ]--Xn- ]-n-hm-k
7062.- Km-n-Pn C-y-bn B-Zy k-Xym-{K-lw \-S-n-b h-jw (Nm-c) 1917
7063.- F.-Un.-F-mw i-X-I-n Ku-U F--dn-b-s-n-cp--Xv- ]-na _w-Km
7064.- C-y-bn-se {_n-o-jv hym-]m-c-km-n-[y-n-\p Xp-S--an- \K-cw -kq-d-v
7065.- G-Xv k-ap-{Z-Xo-c-m-Wv tem-kv G--e-kv--]-k-^n-Iv k-ap-{Zw
7066.- G--hpw h-en-b Ir-jv-W-a-Wn-bp- ]-n--H--I--n
7067.- tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy-s C.-Fw.-F-kv a-{n-k-`-sb tI-{w ]ncn-p-hn- Xo-b-Xn- 1959 Pq-sse 31
7068.- tem-I-s B-Zy-s \n-b-am-h-en X-m-dm-n-b-Xv- l-p-dm_n
7069.- ssa G-en C-tb-gv-kv B-cp-sS B--I-Ym-]-c-am-b c-N-\-bm-Wv
-k hn- N-n
7070.- G-Xp {K-l-n-s D-]-{K-l--fm-Wv K-eo-en-b D-]-{K-l- hym-gw
7071.- Xn-cp-h-\--]pc-s K-h. hn-a-kv tIm-sf-Pv Pw-Kv-j-\n-se
{]Xn-a B-cp-tS-XmWv- B-\n a-kv-{Io
7072.- tm-tdm-t^mw I-p-]n-Sn--Xv- sP-bnw-kv knw-]v-k
7073.- t{Sm-n- s_m-m-Wn- Km-U B v dn-k-v sk
G-Xv Pn--bn-em-Wv--Xn-cp-h-\--]p-cwv
7074.- sN--cn-bm-Sn-s tcm-a-s-p-I-t]m-se Im-W-s-Sp- ta-L- Ip-ap-e-kv ta-L-
7075.- Xp-kp-Iv C _m-_-dn F- B--I-Y c-Nn--Xm-cv--_m-_
7076.- G-Xp h-I-c-bn-em-Wv tdm-n ]-h-X-\n-c- A-ta-cn-
45
CONFUSING FACTS
kphW IhmS \Kcsav AdnbsSpXv
bp.Fkv.F.bnse km{^mknkvtIm BWv.
]m_nse AarXk BWv kphW t{Xns
\Kcw
{KmUv AWsv Xangv\mnepw {KmUv I\m
ssN\bnepw {KmUv Im\y Atacn
sFIy\mSpIfnepamWv.
Amcmjv { S bphP\Zn\w (International Youth
Day)BKkvXv 12 BWv. hnthIm\s PZn\amb
P\hcn 12 tZiob bphP\Zn\ambn (National Youth
Day)BNcnpp.
7181.--- C-y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn I-d-kv-t]m--kv tIm-gv-kv B-cw-`n- kh-I-em-im-e- U-ln k-h-I-em-im-e
7182.--- e-Pn-t-o-hv Iu-kn \n-e-hn-ep- kw-m-\-- IW-m-S-Iw, B-{m-{]-tZ-iv, sXem\, a-lm-cm-jv-{S, _o-lm,
D--{]-tZ-iv, P-p Im-iv-ao,
7183.--- B-Zy-s `u-a D--tIm-Sn \-S- -ew- dn-tbm Un P-\o-tdm
7184.--- B-Zy-s {]-]--am-Xr-I A-h-X-cn-n- {]m-No-\ {Ko-v tPymXn-im-kv-{X-- bp-tUm-Iv-k-kv
7185.--- G-Xp I-em-cq-]s
- -bm-Wv I-U
- km-ln-Xy-Im-c in-hc
- m-a Imc-v ]p-\-cp--cn--Xv- b--Km-\w
7186.--- N-{-{K-l-W-k-a-b-v \-Sp-v h-cp--Xv- `q-an
7187.--- G-Xp {K-l-n-s D-]-{K-l-am-Wv an-cm-U- bp-dm-\-kv
7188.--- dm-Wm {]-Xm-]v A--cn- h-jw- 1597
7189.--- C-y-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b sse-v lu-kv- t{]m-Mv-kv do-^v,
apw-ss_
7190.--- {^-v- hn--h-hp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s-- -_m-kv-s- Pbn-ens- XI-- - F-m-bn-cp-p- 1789 Pq-sse- 14
7191.--- C-y-bn G--hpw In-g-m-bn n-Xn sN-p- kw-m-\w-
A-cp-Wm-N {]-tZ-iv
7192.--- i-{Xp--fn-\n-v hm-ap-dn-v c--s-Sp- Po-hn- ]-n
7193.--- G-Xp cm-Pm-hn-s Im-e-m-Wv i-I-h-jw B-cw-`n--Xv- I-\njvI
-
7194.--- sk v sl-eo-\ Zzo-]p-I G-Xv k-ap-{Z-n-em-Wv--A-Xv-emnIv k-ap-{Zw
7195.--- G-Xp `m-j-bn-se-gp-Xp--h-m-Wv km-ln-Xy s\m-t_ G-hpw Iq-Sp-X e-`n-n-p--Xv- {^-v
7196.--- sk-_n (sk-Iyp-cn-o-kv B v F-Iv-kv-tN-v t_m-Uv Hm-^v
C-y)bp-sS B-m-\w--apw-ss_
7197.--- lp-a-bq F- hm-n-\-Yw- `m-Ky-hm
7198.--- {_m--W-p-ta P-kn-b \-S-m-n-b B-Zy ap-nw `-c-Wm[n-Im-cn- ^n-tdm-kv jm Xp--Iv
7199.--- C-_-v _n X--s-p-S-v cm-Pn-h- ssh-t{km-bn dn-
7200.--- G-Xp ap-K N-{I-h-n-bp-sS Im-e
- m-Wv ta-hm ap-K tatm-bv-a Aw-Ko-I-cn--Xv- P-lmw-Ko(1615)
7201.--- C-y-bn G--hpw hym-]-I-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-p- [m-\yw- Acn
7202.--- B-Zy-am-bn C-y-bn-\n-pw th-]n-cn--s- `q-hn-`m-Kw- _a
7203.--- tI-cf
- \n-ba
- k
- `- b
- n-se B-Zy-s kv]
- o-- i-c
- \
- m-cm-bW
-
X-n
7204.--- G--hpw D-b-cw-Iq-Sn-b ar-Kw- Pn-dm-^v
7205.--- c--{Kq-p-I I-p-]n-Sn--Xm-cv- Im em v-s-bn-\
7206.--- I-p-\o-cn-e-S-n-bn-cn-p- F-sskw- sse-tkm-sskw
7207.--- {^m-kn- ]-Xn-\m-dmw-i-X-I-n- Po-hn-n-cp-- {]-i-kv-XtPym-Xn-jn- t\m-kv-{Sm-U-a-kv
7208.--- G--hpw a-lm-\m-b au-cy-cm-Pm-hv- A-tim-I
7209.--- tI-cf
- an-\d
- -kv B v sa--kv en-an-U
- v F-hn-sS-bm-W-v N-hd
-
46
CONFUSING FACTS
NnS sImw PnbnemWv. Nn\m CSpn
PnbnemWv.
aplZ enddn skmssknbpsS m]I \hm_v
A_vZp eo^v. aplZ Bwtm Hmdnb
tImtfPv m]nXv k kZv AlZv Jm.
Un.Un.n. (Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane)
Ip]nSnXv Othmar Zeidler (1859-1911).
Un.Un.n.bpsS IoS\miI kz`mhw XncndnXv t]m
ap (1899-1965). Cu Isen\v Atlw
1948se sshZyimkv{X s\mt_en\v Al\mbn.
kzmX{yn\papv Ghpw IqSpX Imew
tIm{Kkv {]knUmbncp hyn F _lpaXn
auem\m A_p Iemw BkmZn\v kzamWv
(194046). Fm tIm{Kkv Ncn{Xn Ghpw
IqSpXImew A[y]Zhn hlnXv tkmWnbm
KmnbmWv.
7316.-- F-f-bn-S-p-kz-cq-]w- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-t\m-Sv- tN--Xv- G-Xv hj-n- F.--Un.--1742
7317.-- tI-c-f-n-s hn-kv-Xo-Ww F-{X N-Xp-c-{i-ssa- 15005
7318.-- k-ap-Z-n-se k-{Xw F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- tI-]v Su
7319.-- k-ap-Z-n-se kp--cn F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv tm-v-tlmw
7320.-- i--cm-Nm-cy {]-N-cn-n- X-zw- A-ssZz-Xw
7321.-- G--hpw Iq-Sp-X {Km-a--fp- C-y kw-m-\w- D--{]tZ-iv
7322.-- G--hpw Iq-Sp-X B-\-I-fp- cm-Pyw- Xm-km-\n-b
7323.-- F-an-td-v-kv G-Xv cm-Py-s hn-am-\ k-ho-km-Wv- bp.--F.--C.-7324.-- J-Pp-cm-tlm t-{Xw ]-Wn-I-gn-n--Xv- O-t-e-am
7325.-- F-en-hn-j-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-p- cm-k-h-kv-Xp- kn-v t^m-kvss^-Uv
7326.-- Km-n-Pn C-S-s]- tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy k-Xym-{K-lw- sshw k-Xym-{K-lw(192425)
7327.-- I-p-\o D-]m-Zn-n-p- {K-n- em-{In-a {K-n
7328.-- F-h-d-v sIm-Sp-ap-Sn 17 X-h-W I-b-dn sd-tm-Uv kr-jv-Sn-
]-h-Xm-tcm-l-I- A-t sj-
7329.-- d-jy-bn-se P-\m-[n-]-Xy ]-cn-jv-Im-c--fp-sS ]n-Xm-h-v F--dn-bs-Sp--Xv- tKm-_-t-hv
7330.-- dm-t^ G-Xp cm-Py-s Nn-{X-Im-c-\m-bn-cp-p- C--en
7331.-- C-y-bn {_n-o-jv `-c-W-n-\v A-Sn--d ]m-In-b-Xv- tdm-_v Iv-ssf-hv
7332.-- I-gp-n-s \o-fw G--hpw Iq-Sp-X-ep- Po-hn- Pn-dm-^v
7333.-- C-y-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b t-Un-bw- sIm---bn-se
bp-h-`m-c-Xn t-Un-bw
7334.-- i-h-Ip-So-cw- C-y-bv-v- sh-fn-bn- kv-Yn-Xn-sN-p- ap-K- N{I-h-n-am--_m-_-dpw- (Im-_q)- P-lmw-Ko-dpw- (em-tlm)7335.-- hn-h-cm-h-Im-i {]-m-\w B-cw-`n- kw-m-\w- cm-P-m
7336.-- A-Pp tZ-hn-s\ h-[n- ap-K N-{I-h-n- P-lmw-Ko
7337.-- B--I-Y c-Nn- B-Zy ap-K cm-Pm-hv--_m-_
7338.-- A-ar- \-K-c-n-\v A-Sn--d-bn- kn-Jv Kp-cp- cmw Zm-kv
7339.-- G--hpw \o-fw-Iq-Sn-b hm-ep- ar-Kw -Pn-dm-^v
7340.-- hn--hm-\--c- {^m-kn-s-d- B-Zy- tIm-kp- B-bn- A-[nIm-c-ta--Xv- s\-tm-fn-b
7341.-- F-{X hn-\m-gn-I-bm-Wv H-cp \m-gn-I- 60
7342.-- k-am-[m-\-n-\p- s\m-t_ k-m-\w t\-Sn-b B-Zy h-\nX- s_-m thm k-Sv-\(Hm-kv-{Sn-b)
7343.-- G--hpw {In-bm-io-e-ap- aq-e-Iw- ^v-fq-dn
7344.-- hn-n-I- F-n-s Ir-jn-bm-Wv- ap-n-cn
7345.-- k-ky-tIm-iw I-p-]n-Sn--Xv- tdm-_-v lp-v
7346.-- C-y-bn G--hpw In-g-m-bn n-Xn-sN-p- Pn-- tem-lnXv
7347.-- k-l-I-c-W {]-m-\-n-s ]n-Xm-hv- tdm-_-v Hm-h
47
CONFUSING FACTS
tem--kv a-l I-Wm-S-I-n-se lw-]n F- -e-mWv. _-lm-bv a-X-m-cp-sS B-cm-[-\m-e-b-am-b tem--kv sSn U-ln-bn-em-Wv. `q-an-bp-sS A-]-c F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv i-\n-bp-sS D-]-{Kl-am-b ssS- B-Wv. `q-an-bp-sS C-c- F--dn-b-s-Sp-Xv ip-{I-\m-Wv. {Ko-em-Uv `q-an-im-kv-{X-]-c-am-bn h-S-t A-ta-cn--bpsS-bpw cm-jv-{So-b-am-bn bq-tdm-n-s-bpw `m-K-am-Wv.
_p--a-X-n-se hn-`m-K--fm-Wv lo-\-bm-\-hpw a-lm-bm\-hpw. ssP-\-a-X-hn-`m-K- tiz-Xw-_-c-am-cpw Zn-Kw-_c-am-cp-am-Wv.7449.-- hn-eyw tlm-n-kn-s\ ap-K cm-P-[m-\n-bn-te-v A-b- CwKv-fo-jv cm-Pm-hv- sP-bnw-kv H-m-a
7450.-- `m-c-X-c-Xv-\w t\-Sn-b B-Zy D-]-I-c-W kw-Ko-X hn-Z-Kv-Z- ]-WvUn-v c-hn-i-
7451.-- B-cp-sS Ip-Xn-c-bm-Wv _yq-kn-^m-e-kv--A-e-Iv-km- N-{I-hn
7452.-- a-dn-b tam-n-tm-dn P-\n- cm-Pyw- C--en
7453.-- G-Xv {K-l
- n-em-Wv h-kvX
- p--v G-h
- pw Iq-Sp-X `m-cw A\p-`-h-s-Sp--Xv- hym-gw
7454.-- hn-tiz-iz-c- C-kv-{Sn-b B v sS-Iv-t\m-f-Pn- ayq-knbw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv -_mw-q
7455.-- C-y-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b X-e-m-t\-X-c \-K-cw- A-l-Zm-_m-Zv
7456.-- hn-im-JZ-
- s
- ap-{Zm-cm-k
-
- n-se {]-[m-\ I-Ym-]m-{Xw- NmW-Iy
7457.-- G-Xp kw-m-\w hn-`-Pn-m-Wv a-lm-cm-jv-{S-bpw Kp-P-dm-pw cq]w sIm--Xv- t_mw-s_
7458.-- G--hpw Iq-Sp-X kw-m-\- ]-cn-[n-bn h-cp- ssltm-S-Xn- Kp-h-l-n
7459.-- cm-jv-{S-Iq-S-hw-iw m-]n--Xv- Z-n-Zp-K
7460.-- G-Xp {K-l-am-Wv {[p-h-{]-tZ-i- kq-cy-\-`n-ap-J-am-bn {]-Z-nWw sN-p--Xv- bp-dm-\-kv
7461.-- 1984 Pq-Wn ]-m-_n-se A-ar-X-k-dn-se kp-h-W-t-{Xn-\n-v kn-p-`o-Ic
- s
- c ]p-d
- m-m Hm-t- d-j q-m
]--Xn-v A-\p-a-Xn \-In-b C-y {]-[m-\-a-{n- C-n-cmKm-n
7462.-- C-y-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b tX-bn-e hn-]-W-\ tI-{w- Kp-hl-n
7463.-- a-e-_m kv-s]-jy s]m-eo-kn-s B-m-\w- a-e-p-dw
7464.-- dm-Uv-n-^v tc-J th-Xn-cn-p- cm-Py- C-y-bpw ]m-InkvX
- m-\pw
7465.-- hn-{I-am-Zn-Xy F--dn-b-s- Kp-]v-X N-{I-h-n--N-{-Kp-]v-X
hn-{I-am-Zn-Xy
7466.-- G-Xv {K-l-n-s D-]-{K-l--m-Wv {Ko-p ]p-cm-W--fnse I-Ym-]m-{X--fp-sS t]-cv \-In-bn-cn-p--Xv i-\n
7467.-- F-kv.F
-- .--Un.--]n. tbm-K-n-s ap-J-]-{X-am-bn-cp- {]-kn-o-Ic-Ww- hn-th-tIm-Z-bw
7468.-- a-e-bm-f-n-se, {]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS I-hn F--dn-b-s--Xv- C-S-tcn
7469.-- hr- Kw-K F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv -tKm-Zm-h-cn
7470.-- G-Xv A-hm-Um-Wv A-m-Z-an A-hm-Uv- F- t]-cn-epw A-dnb-s-Sp--Xv- Hm-kv-I
7471.-- tI-c-f-n-se G-I \n-Xy-l-cn-X h-\-{]-tZ-iw- ssk-e v hmen
7472.-- 99se sh--sm-w F- {]-kn--am-b sh--sm-w D-mb-sX-tm- 1924
7473.-- a-gh
- n-p-m-Ip-X
- n-\p Im-cW
- a
- m-b {]-Xn-`m-kw- {]-Im-i {]-IoW-\w
7474.-- G-Xv- `m-j-bm-Wv- km-ln-Xy-n-\p-- s\m-t_- k-m-\w- G-hpw- Iq-Sp-X- t\-Sn-bn-p--Xv- {^-v7475.-- I-enw-K-ss{]-kv G-s-Sp-n-b ap H-do-km ap-Jy-a-{n- _nPp ]-Sv-\m-bn-Iv
7476.-- A-Iv-_-dp-sS an-{X-am-bn-cp- A-_p ^-k-en-s\ sIm-n--Xv-
P-lmw-Ko (1602)
7477.-- tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy-s t]m-tm-^o-kv F-hn-sS-bm-Wv 1857
{]-h--\-am-cw-`n--Xv- B-e-p-g
7478.-- a-kv-Xn-jv-I-n-s G--hpw h-en-b `m-Kw- sk-dn-{_w
7479.-- C-y-bn Ip-Sn-sh--n-s Kp-W-\n-e-hm-cw \n-W-bn-p-Xv B-cm-Wv- _yq-tdm Hm-^v C-y m-t-Uv-kv
7480.-- tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy-a-{n-k-`-bn kz-X-{-am F-{X t]-cpm-bn-cp-p- 3
7481.-- D-b-cw A-f-p--Xn-\v hn-am-\-n D-]-tbm-Kn-p- D-]-I-cWw- A-n-ao-
7482.-- D-dp-n-s i-co-c-n-ep- B-kn-Uv- t^m-an-Iv B-kn-Uv
7483.-- am-jv Kym-kv F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- ao-tY-bv
7484.-- Z-n-tW-y-bn-se am-- F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- tIm-b-q
7485.-- d- bp--n G-p-ap-n-b cm-Py-- s_m-fo-hn-b, {_ko
7486.-- `m-c-Xo-b P-\-kw-L-n-s m-]-I- iym-a-{]-km-Zv ap-JPn
7487.-- e--\n-se {]-kn--am-b Xo-]n-Sp-w D-m-b h-jw- 1666
7488.-- {]m-No-\-Im-e-v sl-th-jy F- t]-cn-e-dn-b-s-n-cp- cmPyw- kzn-v-k-e-Uv
7489.-- e--Zzo-]n-se {]-[m-\-`m-j- a-e-bm-fw
7490.-- `m-c-Xv `-h F- a-n B-v sk n-Xn-sN-p- \-K-cw t`m-m
7491.-- {]-kn-Upw Iym-_n-\-pw X-n-ep- I-n F--dn-b-s-Sp-Xv- {]-[m-\-a-{n
7492.-- Xn-cp-h-\--]p-c-v hm-\ \n-co--W-im-e B-cw-`n- cm-Pm-hv-
kzm-Xn Xn-cp-\m
7493.-- `m-hn-bp-sS tem-lw F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- ssS-m-\n-bw
7494.-- {]-kn-Un-s\ ]-Z-hn-bn \n-v \o-w-sN-p- \-S-]-Sn- Cw]o-v-sa v
7495.-- Z-n-Wm-b-\-tc-J- c-p-{]m-h-iyw- ap-dn-p- I-S-sm-gp-Ip-- \-Zn-enw-t]m-t]m7496.-- X-an-gv-\m-n-se {]-[m-\ B-tLm-jw--s]m-
7497.-- ssP-\-a-X-n-se {Xn-c-Xv-\-- i-cn-bm-b hn-izm-kw, i-cn-bmb A-dn-hv, i-cn-bm-b {]-hr-n
7498.-- 1970 Un-kw-_ 27 ap-X 30 h-sc F-hn-sS-tN- k-t-f-\n-em-Wv p-U v-kv s^-U-td-j Hm-^v C-y (F-kv.F
-- -^v.-sF) cq-]w sIm--Xv--Xn-cp-h-\--]p-cw
7499.-- C-y {In--v tem-I-I-v t\-Sn-b-tm Iym-]v- B-bn-cp-Xv- I-]n-tZ-hv
7500.-- ssN-\b
- n cm-P`- c
- W
- w A-hk
- m\n-n- t\-Xm-h-v k-bm-Xv sk
7501.- G-Xn-\n-m-Wv hn-kv-In D-]m-Zn-n-p--Xv- _m-en
7502.- {]-kn-Un-s Hu-tZym-Kn-I h-k-Xn-bm-b cm-jv-{S-]-Xn-`-h cq]-I-ev-]-\ sN-bv-X-Xv F-Uzn ep-Sy-k.-v
7503.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-cn-se B-Zy h-\n-Xm \n-b-a-k-`mw-Kw- ta-cn ]p eq-tm-kv
7504.- tN-cn-tN-cm {]-m-\-n-s B-Zy-s D--tIm-Sn(1961) \-S -ew- s_-t{K-Uv
7505.- Zzn-`-c-W k-{-Zm-b-a-\p-k-cn-v 1938 Pq-Wn A-[n-Im-c-ta- sImn-bn-se B-Zy-s a-{n- A-m-v in-h-cm-a-ta-t\m
7506.- em-tlm-dn-\p ]-I-cw U-ln X-e-m-\-am-n-b A-Sn-a-hw-in-se kp-m- C-p-an-jv
7507.- a-\p-jy-i-co-c-n-se cm-k-im-e- I-c
7508.- Xn-cp-s\-n t-{X-n-se B-cm-[-\m-aq-n- hn-jv-Wp
7509.- Xn-cp--sIm-n \n-b-a-k-`-bp-sS B-Zy-s A-[y-- Sn.-Fw.h-dp-Ko-kv
7510.- {]-kn-Un-s sh-n-sa-U t\-Sn-b B-Zy-s a-e-bm-f Nn{Xw- \o-e-p-bn
7511.- ep bp F- {K-w G-Xp a-X-hp-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p-
I-^q-jy-\n-kw
48
CONFUSING FACTS
7619.7620.7621.7622.7623.7624.7625.7626.7627.7628.7629.7630.7631.7632.7633.7634.7635.7637.7638.7639.7640.7641.7642.7643.7644.7645.7646.7647.7648.7649.7650.7651.7652.7653.7654.7655.7656.7657.7658.7659.7660.7661.7662.7663.-
49
CONFUSING FACTS
tem-I-n-se B-Zy-s \n-b-a-Zm-Xm-hv F--dn-b-s-Sp-Xv _m-_n-tem-Wn-se `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp- l-p-dm-_nbm-Wv (18101750 _n.--kn.--). C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s \n-b-aZm-Xm-hm-bn I-W-m-p--Xv a-\p-kv-ar-Xn-bp-sS I-mhm-b a-\p-hn-s\-bm-Wv. A-`n-\-h a-\p, B-[p-\n-I C-ybn-se \n-b-a-Zm-Xm-hv F-o A-]-c-\m-a--fn-e-dn-b-s-Sp-Xv tUm.--_n.--B.--Aw-t_-Zv-I B-Wv.
ssI-q-en-s B-Ir-Xn-bn-ep- ta-L- kn-d-kv F-pw
sN--cn-bm-Sn-s tcm-a-s-p-I t]m-se-bp--Xv Ip-ap-ekv ta-L- F-pw A-dn-b-s-Sp-p.
C-y tZ-io-b-X-bp-sS {]-hm-N-I F-p hn-ti-jn-n-s--Xv a-lm-m-Km-n-bm-Wv. C-y tZ-io-b-X-bp-sS ]nXm-hv F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv kp-tc-{-\m-Yv _m-\-Pn-bm-Wv.
7736.- I-b t_m-Un-s B-m-\ancw- Ib lukv (sImn)
7737.- bq-tdm-n-s I-hm-Sw F--dn-b-s-Sp- Xp-d-ap-Jw- tdm--Umw
7738.- A-ta-cn- tam-U `-c-W-kw-hn-[m-\w hn-`m-h-\w sN-bv-X Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq Zn-hm- kn.-]n.-cm-a-kzm-an A-
7739.- C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s [-\-X-z-im-kv-{X-Nn--I F--dn-bs-Sp--Xv Zm-Zm-`m-bv \-h-tdm-Pn
7740.- B-Zy-am-bn Bn sk-]v-n-Iv k-P-dn \-S-n-b-Xv- tPm-k-^v
en-
7741.- G--hpw Iq-Sp-X tZ-io-b ]m-X-I I-S-p-t]m-Ip- kw-m\w- D--{]-tZ-iv
7742.- ip--c-w h-ln-p- H-tc-sbm-cp-kn-c- ]-a-W-dn kn-c
7743.- {_n-o-jv ^n-enw C-n-yq-n-s A-hm-Uv t\-Sn-b a-e-bm-f
kn-\n-a- F-en--m-bw
7744.- G-h
- pw Ip-d
- v hm-p-I B-cw-`n-p- Cw-o-jv A-c
- w- FIvk
- v
7745.- F-hn-sS-h
- m-Wv A-Sn-ah
- w-i
m-]I
- \
- m-b Ip-_
- v- o sF-_Iv t]m-tfm I-fn-n-sS Ip-Xn-c-p-d-p-\n-v-ho-Wv A--cn--Xv
-em-tlm
7746.- m-v t^m-d-v G-Xv h-I-c-bn-se a-S-v-]-h-X-am-Wv- bq-tdm
7747.- G--hpw Iq-Sp-X _p-n-bp- ]-n- q n-v
7748.- G--hpw Iq-Sp-X A-f-hn `q-h--n Im-W-s-Sp- tdUn-tbm B-Iv-So-hv aq-e-Iw- bp-td-\n-bw
7749.- B-Im-i-v sh-fp- ta-L-i-I-e--fm-bn Im-W-s-Sp- taL-- kn-tdm Ip-ap-e-kv ta-L-
7750.- B-Im-i-hm-Wn-v B t]-cp e-`y-am-n-b hy-n- c-_o-{-\mYv Sm-Kq
7751.- am-f-hn-Im-n-an-{Xw c-Nn--Xv- Im-fn-Zm-k
7752.- B-bn-cw Xq-Wp-I-fp-sS sIm-m-cw (]m-e-kv Hm-^v Xu-k v ]nt-gv-kv) \n-an--Xv- A-em-hp-o Jn-Pn
7753.- G--hpw Iq-Sp-X cm-Py--fp-am-bn A-Xn-n ]-n-Sp- cm-Py- d-jy-bpw ssN-\-bpw (14)
7754.- C-y \m-j-W tIm-{K-kpw ap-nw eo-Kpw e-Iv-\u I-cmdn G-s- h-jw- 1916
7755.- am-hn-s P--tZ-iw- C-y
7756.- am- {K-n F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- ]n-yq--dn
7757.- G--hpw Iq-Sp-X k-ap-{Z-Xo-c-ap- G-jy-cm-Pyw- C-sm-\ojy
7758.- 1857-se H-mw kzm-X-{y-k-a-c-s in-]m-bn e-l-f F-v
hn-ti-jn-n--Xm-cv- G m-en
7759.- B-cp-sS k-Z-ky-\m-bn-cp-p c-hn-Io-n- ]p-en-tI-in c-m-a
7760.- hn-P-b-\-K-c-km-{am-Py-n-se hw-i-- kw-K-a,k-ep-h,Xp-eph,A-c-hn-Sp
7761.- C-y-bn {_n-o-jv ta-[m-hn-Xzw D-d-n- bp-w- _-Iv-k bpw (1764)
7762.- C-{k-tb-en-s B-Zy {]-kn-U v sN-bnw sh-bv-kv-am
7763.- G-Xp \-Zn-bn-em-Wv `-{Im-\w-K A-W-s-v- k-Xv-e-Pv
50
a-\p-jy-i-co-c-n-se G--hpw h-en-b A-n-bm-b ^o-a-dns (Xp-S-sb-v) i-cm-i-cn \o-fw F-{X sko-ao--dm-Wv
tem-Iv-k-`-bn A-hn-izm-k-{]-ta-bw A-h-X-cn-n-m F{X Aw-K--fp-sS ]n-p-W th-Ww
Pp-Uo-jy-dn-sb F-Iv-kn-Iyq-o-hn-\n-v th-Xn-cn--Ww
F-v A-\p-im-kn-p- `-c-W-L-S-\m A-\p-t-Zw
tkm-U-dnw-Kv h-b-dn Sn-pw se-Upw F-{X i-X-am-\w
ho-X-am-Wv A-S-n-bn-cn-p--Xv
F-{X cm-Py--fp-sS {]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-Wv bp.-F. Nm--dn-\v
cq-]w \-In-b-Xv
sN-kn F-{X \o---h-sc I-gn-n-pw I-fn-bn hy-am-b ta-ss t\-Sm I-gn-n-s-n-em-Wv a--cw
k-a-\n-e-bm-sW-v {]-Jym-]n-p--Xv
cm-jv{- S-]X
- n Xn-cs
- -Sp-n H-cm-fp-sS m-\m-Yn-Xzw AwKo-I-cn--W-sa-n F-{X thm--am {]-tm-kv sN--Ww
kp-h-W Pq-_n-en B-tLm-jn-p--Xv F-{Xm-a-s hmjn-I-n-em-Wv
A-ta-cn- sF-Iy-\m-Sp-I-fn-se t-p-I-fp-sS F-w
A-ta-cn- am-\-Z-Wv-U-{]-Im-cw `q-an-bn-\n-v F-{X
ssa D-b-c-n thym-a-bm-{X \-S-p--h-sc-bm-Wv Bkv-t{Sm-t\m-m-bn ]-cn-K-Wn-p--Xv
A-ta-cn- tZ-io-b ]-Xm-I-bn-ep- \--{X--fp-sS Fw
G-I-Zn-\ {In--n-se Hm-h-dp-I-fp-sS F-w
F-{X cq-]-bp-sS C-y I-d-kn-bn-em-Wv ]m-e-sa v an-cw Nn-{Xo-I-cn-n-cn-p--Xv
F-{X In-tem-ao- \-S--am-Wv H-fn-n-Iv-kn-se G--hpw
ssZ-Ly-ap- C-\w
Km-ln-Im-h-iy-n-\m-bn hn-X-c-Ww sN-p- ssh-Zyp-Xnbp-sS B-hr-n F-{X tl-Sv-kv B-Wv
Hm-tkm ]m-fn `q-an-bp-sS D-]-cn-X-e-n-\n-v F-{X Intem-ao- ap-I-fn-em-Wv
1945 Pq 26-\v F-{X cm-Py--fm-Wv bp.-F. Nm--dn
H-p-sh--Xv
X-t-i kz-bw-`-c-W m-]-\--fn F-{X i-X-am-\w kop-I-fm-Wv h-\n-X-I-v kw-h-c-Ww sN-bv-Xn-cn-p--Xv
A-ta-cn--bn-se F-{Xm-a-s t-m-Wv l-hm-bv
s]m-Xp-ta-J-em _m-p-I-fp-sS F-{X i-X-am-\-n-e-[n-Iw
Hm-l-cn-I-fm-Wv tI-{ k-m ssI-h-iw h-bv-p--Xv
7808.-- C-y-bn G--hpw Iq-Sp-X A-kw-n,e-Pn-t-o-hv Iukn, tem-Iv-k-`m, cm-Py-k-`m ko-p-I D- kw-m-\w- D-{]-tZ-iv
7809.-- G--hpw Nq-Sp Ip-d- `q-J-Wv-Uw- Am-n-
7810.-- G-Xp cm-Pm-hn-s Im-e-m-Wv _p--a-Xw t\-m-fn {]-N-cn-Xv- A-tim-I
7811.-- ap-Jy-a-{n-bm-b-ti-jw {]-[m-\-a-{n-bm-b B-Zy hy-n- samdm-Pn tZ-im-bn
7812.-- G--hpw km-[m-c-W-am-b ssh-d-kv tcm-Kw- P-e-tZm-jw
7813.-- k--Xn-bp-sS \n-am-Ww- F- k-ao-]-\-s-p-dn-v- hn-i-Zo-Icn- B-[p-\n-I Nn--I- t\mw- tNmw-kv-In7814.-- F-hn-S-s cm-Pm-hm-Wv s\m-t_ ]p-c-kv-Im-cw k-m-\n-p-Xv- kzo-U
7815.-- G--hpw n-c-X Iq-Sn-b aq-e-Iw- se-Uv
7816.-- G-Xp cm-Py-m-cm-Wv ]p-cp-j-am-cp-sS t]-cn-\p-ap-n bp- Fp-tN-p-X
- v- aym-a
7817.-- I-Sp-, Xm-n-, s\-n- C-h aq-n-\pw Iq-Sn-bp- t]-cm-Wv {Xn-^-e
7818.-- G--hpw P-\-km-{-X Iq-Sn-b G-jy cm-Pyw- knw-K-q
CONFUSING FACTS
dm-Wm {]-Xm-]v km-K Umw cm-P-m-\n Nw-_ \-Znbn-em-Wv. a-lm-dm-Wm {]-Xm-]v km-K A-Y-hm t]m-Mv Umw
X-Sm-Iw ln-am-N-{]-tZ-in _n-bm-kv \-Zn-bn-em-Wv.- tem-Iv-\m-b-Iv F--dn-b-s--Xv P-b-{]-Im-iv \m-cm-b BWv. tZ-iv-\m-b-Iv F- _-lp-a-Xn kp-`m-jv N-{-t_m-kn\p \-In-b-Xv Sm-tKm B-Wv.
em-tlm-dn-se jm-en-am ]q-tm-w jm-P-lm-\pw I-iv-ao-cnte-Xv P-lmw-Ko-dp-am-Wv ]-Wn-I-gn-n--Xv.- `q-an-bp-sS ]-em-b-\ {]-th-Kw 11.--2 In.--ao.--/sk-pw N-{s-Xv 2.--4 In.--ao.--/sk-pw B-Wv.
N-{-s\-p-dn-p- ]T-\w sk-e-t\m-f-Pn. kq-cy-s\-pdn-p- ]T-\w lo-en-tbm-f-Pn.
7863.- C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s im-kv-{X-\-K-cw- sIm--
7864.- C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s lr-Z-b-am- i-kv-{X-{In-b-bv-p t\-XrXzw \-In-b-Xv- ]n.-th-Wp-tKm-]m
7865.- kp-{]ow tIm-S-Xn No-^v P-n-km-b G-I A-ta-cn- {]-knU v hn-eyw tlm-hm-Uv Xm-^v-v
7866.- P-lmw-Ko N-{I-h-n G-Xp-t]-cn-em-Wv ap-v A-dn-b-s-n-cp-Xv- k-enw
7867.- Z--t_m ssh-Zyp-X \n-e-bw G-Xp kw-m-\-v- a-lm-cm-jv-{S
7868.- em am-sk-bn-kv G-Xv cm-Py-n-s tZ-io-b Km-\-am-Wv-
{^m-kv
7869.- N-cm C sj-cn-^v ]-n G-Xv kw-m-\-m-Wv P-p-I-ivao
7870.- _m-Uv-an F-p t]-cp- c-p {Km-a- D- cm-Pyw-
Cw--v
7871.- B-cp-sS kv-a-c-W-bv-m-Wv Aw-P-Zv A-en Jm {]n-b-Z-in-\n
F- cm-Kw Nn--s-Sp-n-b-Xv- C-n-cm-Km-n
7872.- _m-p P-\-hn-`m-Kw G-Xv `q-J-Wv-U-n-em-Wv- B-{^n-
7873.- X-an-gv-tZ-i-n-s ss_-_n F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- Xn-cp-p-d
7874.- I-S-h-q A-t\ym-\yw G-Xp hn-`m-K-hp-am-bn _--s-n-cn-pp- \-q-Xn-cn-am
7875.- X-e-tm-dn-s\-m h-ep--ap- I-p- ]-n -H--I--n
7876.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn \n-l
- I
- c
- W
- {- ]-m-\
- n-\v t\-Xr-Xzw \In-b-Xv- F.-sI.-]n-
7877.- I-Sp-h-bp-sS P--tZ-iw- ssk-_o-cn-b
7878.- kzm-X-{ym-\--cw C-y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn A-m-cm-jv-{S hn-am-\m-h-f ]-Z-hn \-In-b-X v- A-l--Zm-_m-Zv
7879.- P-hm-l-em s\-{lp 1923 sN-b-am-\m-b ap-\n-kn-m-en-n A-e-l-_m-Zv
7880.- cm-Po-hv-Km-n-h-[-n-\p-]n-n-se kp-c-m-]m-fn--I-sf--n At\z-jn- I-n-j--P-bn I-n-j
7881.- B-Zy-s ^n-tdm-Zn-b A-hm-Un-\v A-l-\m-b-Xv--F.-]n.-sP.
A-_v-Zp I-emw
7882.- ssP-h-h-Ko-I-c-W-im-kv-{X-n-s ]n-Xm-hv- Im en-s\-b-kv
7883.- G-X-h-b-h-n-s {]-h--\w X-I-cm-dn-em-Ip-tm-gm-Wv U-bmen-kn-kv \-S-p--Xv- hr-
7884.- C-ym- Un-ssh-U-Uv- c-Nn--Xv- tUm.-- cm-tP-{-{]-km-Zv7885.- G-Xn-s J-cm-h--bm-Wv ss{U sF-kv--Im-_ U-tbm-Ivssk-Uv
7886.- a-\p-jy-hm-k-ap- h-I-c-I-fn D-jv-W-ta-J-em {]-tZ-i-n-\psh-fn-bn n-Xn sN-p- G-I h-I-c- bq-tdm-v
7887.- P--i-Xm-_v-Zn-tbm-S-\p-_-n-v m-v ]p-d-s-Sp-hn--s- BZy kzm-X-{y k-a-c-tk-\m-\n- _m-e-Kw-Km-[-c Xn-e-I
7888.- ]p-fn-a-c-n-s P--tZ-iw- B-{^n-
7889.- tem-I-s B-Zy-s Hm-l-cn hn-]-Wn m-]n-X-am-b B vsh-]v G-Xv cm-Py-m-Wv- s_-Pn-bw
7890. -\m-j-W C-n-yq-v Hm-^v kn- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- sN-ss
7891.- B-sI F-{X In-tem-ao--dm-Wv C-y bq-Wn-b-s A-Xn-n 22716 In.-ao.- (15200 Ic + 7516 kap--{Zw)
s]mXphnm\nse Hbmam
a\pjys\ N{\n Fnnp GI cmPyamWv
bp.Fkv.F.
mk Ds-nepw ]n-m GI kkvX\w Ddp-pXo-\n-bmWv (Anteater)
kkvX\
-
- v Igp-n Gsg-p-If
- m-Wp-X
- .v Fm
Igp-n Fs-p kkvX-\-amWv IS-ip.
cp-Xcw ]m D]m-Zn-n-m tijn-bp kkvX-\amWv IwKm-cp.
FIvkv td ISp t]mIm temlamWv Cubw.
temIvk`bn AwKXzn\v {]tXyI hyhbp
GI kapZmbw BwKvtfm CymcmWv.
An ]hXfnm GI hIc Hmkv t {SenbbmWv.
temI-nse GI tIm-{]nkn-m-enn BWv AtUmd. {^v {]kn-Upw kvs]bn-\nse Im-tem-Wn-b-bnse
Bishop of Urgell Dw tNmWv Chn-Ss `c-Wm-[n-Imcw
\nh-ln-p--Xv.
\mev cmPv `h-\p-I-fp Cy kwm-\-amWv alm-cmjv{S. apwss_-bn-ep-Xp IqSmsX \mKv]q , alm-_-teiz , ]qs\ Fo e--fnepw cmPv `h-\p-I-fp-v.
Xangv\mn sNssbnepw Dunbnepw cmPv`h\pIfpv.
7933.- hn-{I-tam-hi
- o-bw, am-fh
- n-Im-n-an-{Xw,c-Lp-hw-iw,ta-LZ- q-Xw Fn-h c-Nn--Xv- Im-fn-Zm-k
7934.- 1999 kz-X-{-am-Ipw-ap-v Cu-v Xn-tam G-Xv cm-Py-n-s
\n-b-{-W-n-em-bn-cp-p- C-tm-\n-jy
7935.- am-hv G-Xv cm-Py-v D-Zv-`-hn- a-c-am-Wv- C-y
7936.- I-Wm-S-I kw-m-\-s {]-[m-\ D--hw- Z-k-d
7937.- F-^o-Uv ]--Ww G-Xv cm-Py-m-Wv- Cw-Kv-f-v
7938.- F-Un-1000\pw- 1026\pw- C-S-bv-v- ]-Xn-t\-gv- {]m-h-iyw- C-y-sb
B-{I-an- ap-nw- B-{I-a-W-Im-cn- -ap-l--Zv- K-kv-\n.-7939.- G--hpw Iq-Sp-X Zn-\--{X--fp- cm-Pyw- C-y
7940.- ssk-\n-I-cp-sS bq-Wn-t^m-am-bn Im-n D-]-tbm-Kn-p Xp-S-nb cm-Pyw- C-y
7941.- G-Xv cm-Py-n-s sX-p-In-g--t\-jy-bn-se tIm-f-\n-I-fm-Wv
C-tm--ssN-\ F--dn-b-s--Xv- {^m-kv
7942.- C-y-bn sX-p-]-Sn-m-d a-kq D-Zv-`-hn-p--Xv Fhn-sS-\n-m-Wv- C-y a-lm-k-ap-{Zw
7943.- G-Xv t\-Xm-hn-s kv-a-c-W-bv-m-Wv l-cn-{]-km-Zv Nu-c-ky Cn-cm I-eym F- cm-Kw Nn--s-Sp-n-b-Xv- C-n-cm-Km-n
7944.- Iv-tfm-Wnw-Kv \-S-n-b B-Zy C-m-an-I cm-Pyw- C-dm
7945.- k-n-Zv hw-iw m-]n--Xv- Jn-kv-dv Jm
7946.- C-c--p-f-p- ar-K--fn h-ep--n c-mw m-\w--Pndm-^v
7947.- Km-m-cw Io-g-S-n-b B-Zy t]-jy `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn- Zm-cn-bkv H-m-a
7948.- C-y-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b hm-jn-I I-p-Im-en ta-f \-S-p -ew- tkm-Wn-q
7949.- C-y-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b Hm-Un-tm-dn-b-am-b {io j-apJm-\- lm F-hn-sS-bm-Wv -apw-ss_
7950.- Iw-]yq--dn-s X-e-tm-dv F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- kn.-]n.-bp.7951.- C-y-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b hn-hn-t[m-tZy-iy dn-h hm-en t{]mP-Iv-Sv- `-{Im-\w-K
7952.- Km-n in-jy-bm-b ao-cm s_-n-s b-Ym-Y t]-cv- a-U-en
t-Uv
7953.- sF-Iy-cm-jv-{S-k-`-bp-sS B-Zy-k-t-f-\-n C-y-sb {]-Xn\n-[m-\w sN-bv-X-Xv- hn-P-b-e-v-an ]-Wv-Un-v
7954.- C-y-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b I--\n-am-W-im-e- apw-ss_
7955.- ]p-cm-X-\-Im-e-v A-ko-dn-b F--dn-b-s-n-cp- {]-tZ-iw Ctm G-Xv cm-Py-m-Wv- C-dm-Jv
CONFUSING FACTS
G--hpw Nq-Sp-Iq-Sn-b `q-J-Wv-Uw B-{^n--bpw G--hpw NqSp Ip-d--Xv Am-n--bp-am-Wv.
kq-b-kv I-\m _-n-n-p--Xv sa-Un--td-\n-b-s\-bpw
sN--S-en-s\-bp-am-Wv. ]-\m-a I-\m A-Xv-emn-Iv, ]-k^n-Iv k-ap-{Z--sf _-n-n-p-p.
C-y-bn-se t-{X--fn-sh-v G--hpw Iq-Sp-X h-cpam-\-ap--Xv Xn-cp--Xn sh-n-tS-iz-c t-{X-n-\m-Wv. Fm H-cp {]-tXy-I ko-k-Wn-se h-cp-am-\w G--hpw Iq-SpX-ep--Xv i-_-cn-a-e t-{X-n-\m-Wv.
G--hpw Iq-Sp-X k-- cm-jv-{S--fp- h-I-c bq-tdmpw G--hpw Iq-Sp-X Z-cn-{Z cm-jv-{S--fp--Xv B-{^n-bp-am-Wv.7992.- C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s B-v Km-e-dn 1814 m-]n-X-am-bXv F-hn-sS- sIm--
7993.- tkm-t_m k-h-I-em-im-e F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- ]m-co-kv
7994.- C-I kw-kv-Im-c-n-s A-h-in-jv-S- Im-Wp- am-p-]np G-Xv cm-Py-m-Wv- s]-dp
7995.- Cu-Pn-]v-Xv kz-X-{-am-b h-jw- 1922
7996.- c-mw tem-I-a-lm-bp--m-e-v \m-kn-I m-]n- G--hpw
h-en-b tIm-k-t{S-j Iym-m-b Hm-jv-hn-v-kv G-Xv cm-Pym-Wv- t]m-f-v
7997.- C-y-bn-se kn-\n-am hy-h-km-b-n-s tI-{w- apw-ss_
7998.- Iym-_n-\-n-s kp-c-m k-an-Xn-bp-sS X-e-h- {]-[m-\-a-{n
7999.- Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-s G-jy-`m-K-n-s t]-cv- kn-\m-bv s]-\n-kpe
8000.- C-y X-]m m-n Nn-{Xw A--Sn--s- B-Zy s\mt_ tP-Xm-hv- c-_o-{-\m-Yv Sm-tKm
8001.- s\-n-s Xm-gv-h-c F--Y-ap- sU-tPm-Mv F- ]p-cm-X-\\m-aw C-y-bn-se G-Xv kw-m-\-n-s-Xm-Wv- kn-nw
8002.- C-y-bp-sS G--hpw sX-t-b--s Pn- -I-\ym-Ip-am-cn
8003.- P-\-kw-Jy-bp-am-bn Xm-c-X-ayw sN-p-tm G--hpw D-b-
h-[-in-m \n-c-p- cm-Pyw- knw-K-q
8004.- \-ao-_n-b G-Xv cm-Py-n-\n-m-Wv kzm-X-{yw t\-Sn-b-Xv-
Z-n-Wm-{^n-
8005.- C-y-bp-sS hn-kv-Xo-Ww D-t-iw F-{X e-w N-Xp-c-{I Intem-ao--dm-Wv- 32.-9
8006.- ]-Sym-e-bn-se \m-j-W C-n-yq-v Hm-^v kv-t]m-Sv-kn-\v Bcp-sS t]-cm-Wv \-In-bn-cn-p-X
- v- t\-Xm-Pn kp-`m-jv N-{-t_mkv
8007.- Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-s `m-K-am-b kn-\m-bv D-]-Zzo-]v G-Xv h-I-c-bn-emWv -G-jy
8008.- P-lmw-Ko-dn-s a-c-W-ti-jw, jm-P-lm -e-n-m--Xn\m, B-sc-bm-Wv B-k-^v-Jm Xm-m-en-I `-c-Wm-[n-Imcn-bm-bn hm-gn--Xv- Zm-h _-v
8009.- C-y-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b A-W-s-v- `-{Im-\w-K
8011.- C-y-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b a-W A-W-s-v _m-Wm-kp-ckm-K
8012.- Ip-Sn-m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-p- a-Zy--fn-Im-Wp- B--tlm Cu-ssY B--tlm
8013.- sIm-n- k-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS {]-Y-a ssh-kv- Nm-k-e- tPmk-^v- ap--t-cn8014.- 1898-se kv-]m-\n-jv- A-ta-cn- bp-w Xp-S-n-b-Xv G-Xv cmPy-v- Iyq-_
8015.- C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s e-b-kv -_v 1956 m-]n-X-amb-sX-hn-sS- apw-ss_
8016.- Cu-Un--kv cm-Pm-hv F- {Ko-p \m-S-Iw c-Nn--Xv- tkm-t^mo-kv
8017.- dn-k-hv _m-v Hm-^v C-y-bp-sS Nn--n-ep- ar-Kw- I-Sp-h
8018.- C-y-bn-se kn-\n-am-cw-K-s G--hpw D-b- A-hm-Uv- ZmZm-km-tl-_v ^m-s
bpn {]tbmKnm
sXntmtbmhph
t]cv ap]nsbmsWnepw ]nhK-
CONFUSING FACTS
Imivaocnse AIv_ Fv Ncn{XImcam hnti-
s]mXphnm\nse Hbmam
apn `qcn]amb GI tI{ `cW-{]tZ-
iamWv eZzo]v.
BknUv .
a F Acn t]chkm\nm GI
hIcbmWv Europe.
A-c-amWv J.
Pp-hmWv ac-tbm-v
8190. t]m-f\
- m-Sv F- t]-cn A-dn-bs
- -n-cp- {]-tZ-iw- tIm-gn-tmSv
8191. B- Z y- s _- l n- c m- I m- i - k - m- c n- bq- d n K- K m- d n (1961
G-{]n 12)
8192. td-j Im-Uv e-`n-m k-ao-]n-t- Hm-^o-kv- k-ss Hm^o-kv
8193. th-Wm-n-se bp-h-cm-Pm-hv A-dn-b-s-n-cp- t]-cv- Xr-m-q aq
8194. Hm-kI
-v in-]w cq-]I
- -]\
- sN-bX
-v X
- v -sk-{Un-Iv
Kn-kv
8195. sF-Iy-cm-jv{- S-k`
- b
- p-sS ap-Km-an-bm-bn-cp- eo-Kv Hm-^v t\-jkn-s (k-h-cm-Py-k-Jyw) B-m-\w- P-\o-h
8196. \-ho-I-c-W-{]-m-\w kzn-v-k-en A-dn-b-s- t]-cv- Imhn-\n-kw
8197. Bw-n-m-\n-k-n-\p t\-Xr-Xzw \-In-b Cw--n-se cm-Pmhv- sl-dn F-m-a
8198. k-h-cm-Py-k-Jy-n-s B-Zy-s sk-{I--dn P-\-d -k
sP-bnw-kv F-dn-Iv {U-a-v
8199. t_m-Iv-k e-l-f(1899-1901) \-S- cm-Pyw- ssN-\
8200. ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zn-se \m-j-W- s]m-eo-kv- A-m-Z-an- G-Xv- t\Xm-hn-s-d t]-cn-em-Wv- A-dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- - - k-Zm- h--`v-`m-bv]-t8201. t]m-p-Ko-kp-Im- Nm-en-b
- -v tIm- \n-an-X
- v G-Xv h-j
- n F.Un.1531
8202. Km-n-Pn l-cn-P B-{i-aw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv m-]n--Xv- k-_a-Xn
8203. Cw--n _n Hm-^v ssd-v-kv ]m-km-n-b-Xv 1689
8204. {In-kv-Xp-a-kv {So-bp-sS D-`-hw -P-a-\n
8205. Cw-]o-vs
- a v t\-cn-Sp-X
- n-\v sXm-S- p-p-hs
- c F-n-sb-n-epw
\-S-]-Sn Xp-S-p--Xn-\p ap-v cm-Pn-h- A-ta-cn- {]-kn-U v dn-m-Uv \n-Iv-k
8206. H-mw tem-I-a-lm-bp-w B-cw-`n-p-tm {_n-o-jv {]-[m-\-a{n -sl-s_-v sl-dn B-kv-Izn-v
8207. k-bn-^n-Iv am-t\-Pv-san-s ]n-Xm-hv- s{^-U-dn-Iv sS-bv-e
8208. B-[p-\n-I tkm-tjym-f-Pn-bp-sS ]n-Xm-hv -am-Iv-kv sh-_
8209. tdm-a \n-b-a--sf t{Im-Uo-I-cn- N-{I-h-n -P-o-\n-b
8210. a-\p-jym-h-Im-i- kw-c-n-p--Xv `-c-W-Iq-S-n-s _m[y-X-bm-n-sm-p- B-Zy-tc-J- am-m Im-
8211. Cw-]o-v-san-s\ A-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn- B-Zy bp.F-kv. {]-kn-U v
-B-{Uq tPm-k
8212. bq-tdm-]y bq-Wn-b-s ]m-e-sa v- kv-{Sm-kv-_-Kv
8213. Cw-]o-v-sa v `o-j-Wn t\-cn- B-Zy bp.F-kv. {]-kn-U v tPm tSm-bv-e
8214. ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zn-se `m-c-Xv- ssU-\m-an-Iv-kv- en-an--Un- F-mWv- \n-an-p--Xv- - -ssK-U-Uv- an-ssk-ep-I8215. bq-tdm-]y bq-Wn-b-s \o-Xn-\ym-b B-m-\w -e-Iv-kw-_Kv
CONFUSING FACTS
\m-j-W C-n-yq-v Hm-^v kn- sN-ss-bn-em-Wv. \mj-W C-n-yq-v Hm-^v bp-\m-\n sa-Un-kn _mw-q-cnem-Wv. I-\m-ep-I-fp-sS \m-Sv F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw ]m-In-kv-Xm\m-Wv. I-\m-ep-I-fp-sS \-K-cw F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv C--enbn-se sh-\o-kv.
\yq-U-ln-bn-em-Wv C-ym-tK-v n-Xn sN-p--Xv. tK-v
th Hm-^v C-y apw-s_-bn-em-Wv. G-gp-a-e-I-fp-sS \m-Sv F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv tPm-Zm. G-gp
a-e-I-fp-sS \-K-cw tdmw.
\m-j-W C-n-yq-v Hm-^v B-bp-th-Z P-bv-]q-cn-em-Wv.
\m-j-W C-n-yq-v Hm-^v tlm-an-tbm--Xn sIm--bn-em-Wv.
8252. C-p-an-jn-s Pn-X F- \m-W-bw F-p-]-tbm-Kn-v \nan--Xm-bn-cp-p--sN-v
8253. ssl-Zc
- m-_m-Zv \-Kc
- w- G-Xv- tcm-Ks
- A-Xn-Po-hn-X
- n-s-d Hma-bv-m-Wv- Nm-an-\m- (1591)- ]-Wn-I-gn-n--Xv- - - t-Kv
8254. c--n-se q-tm-kn-s\ \n-b-{n-p- tlm-tam-
C-kp-en
8255. P-\m-[n-]-Xy-{I-a-s hn-i-Zo-I-cn-p- -Z {]n-kv- F-
{]-i-kv-X-{K-w c-Nn--Xv- am-Iy-sh-n
8256. C-p-an-jv {]-N-cn-n- sh-n-\m-W-bw- X-
8257. h-[n--s- G-I {_n-o-jv {]-[m-\-a-{n -kv-s]-k s]kn-h
8258. Xp-S--bm-bn--m-sX c-p {]m-h-iyw A-ta-cn- sF-Iy-\mSp-I-fp-sS {]-kn-Um-b G-I hy-n -t{Km-h o-hv-em-Uv
8259. _-ln-jI
-v r-X `m-cX
- -v F- ssZz-hm-cn-I B-cw-`n-X
- v -_n.B.Awt_-Zv-I
8260. C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s C-m-an-I kv-am-c-Iw- U-ln-bn-se
Ip-h-p C-mw tam-kv-Iv
8261. tIc-fnse BZy NpaNn{X \Kcn tImbw
8262. kp-m-t\-v Im-e-L--n-se cm-P-hw-i--fn G--hpw IqSp-X Im-ew `-cn--Xv- Xp--Iv
8263. _-[n-c hn-em-]w c-Nn--Xm-cv- h--tm \m-cm-b-W-ta-t\m
8264. hm-\-h-c- F-p hn-fn--s-n-cp- tN-c-cm-Pm-hv- D-Xn-b
tN-c
8265. c--n-se h-W-Iw- lo-tam-tm-_n
8266. -C-y B-kq-{X-W-n-s ]n-Xm-hv- -Fw.hn-tiz-iz-c-
8267. _m-_n-tem-Wn-h-v 33a-s h-b-n A--cn- bp--hoc--A-e-Iv-km- N-{I-h-n
8268. 1739 \m-Zn-jm C-y B-{I-an-p-tm ap-K `-c-Wm-[nIm-cn-bm-bn-cp--Xv -ap-l--Zv jm
8269. C-p-an-jv X-s ]n-Km-an-bm-bn Xn-c-s-Sp--Xv- d-kn-b
8270. C-y ]-{X-{]-h-\
-
- n-s h-y-ht- bm-[n-I- Xp-jm Imn tLm-jv
8271. c--n-s ]n.F-v.aq-eyw- 7.4
8272. c--n-s {Zm-h-I-`m-Kw- ]v-fm-kv-a
8273. C-ym-N-cn-{X-n-se G--hpw {]m-No-\ k-h-I-em-im-e -X-in-e
8274. Np-h- c-m-Wp- Iq-Sp-X-ep-m-Ip- A-h- -t]m-fnssk-o-an-b
8275. ]m-en-s sh-fp--\n-d-n-\p Im-c-Ww -tI-ko
8276. ]nw-K-e c-Nn--Xv- D-q
8277. hr--bp-sS B-h-c-Ww -s]-cn-tm-Wn-bw
8278. ]m-In-kv-Xm-s km--n-I X-e-m-\w--I-dm-n
8279. lr-Z-b-n-s B-h-c-W-am-Wv -s]-cn-Im-Un-bw
8280. {]-Ir-Xn-bn kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bn Im-Wp- aq-e-I- 92
8281. a-\p-jy-lr-Z-b-n-s ap-I-fn-e-s A-d-I -B-dn-n
8282. izm-k-tIm-i-n-s B-h-c-Ww- q-d
s]mXphnm\nse hn]-co-X-
a-lm-hn-jv-Wp-hn-s B-Zy-s A-h-Xm-cw a-yw. A-hkm-\-t-Xv I-n. B-Zy-s th-Zw E-tKz-Z-hpw A-h-km-\-t-Xv A-Y-hhp-am-Wv.
G--hpw \o- K-`-Im-e-ap- k-kv-X-\w G-jy B-\bpw G--hpw ssZ-Lyw Ip-d- K-`-Im-e-ap--Xv A-tacn- H-tm-k-hp-am-Wv. tiz-X c-m-Wp--fp-sS F-w {I-am-Xo-X-am-bn h-[n-p A-h
- b
- m-Wv ep-o-an-b (c-m-_p-Zw). tiz-X c-mWp--fp-sS F-w Ip-d-bp- A-h--bm-Wv ep-tm-]o\n-b. G--hpw X-Wp-p- k-ap-{Zw B-n-Iv k-ap-{Zw. G--hpw NpSp-Iq-Sn-b k-ap-{Zw A-Xv-emn-Iv.
C-eI
- tv- {Sm-Wn-s Nm-Pv s\-K
- o-hpw t{]m-tm-Wn-s-Xv t]mkn-o-hp-am-Wv.
8332. G-Xv k-ap-{Z-n-em-Wv K-^v kv-{Sow -A-Xv-emn-Iv k-ap-{Zw
8333. a-Wn _n \n-b-a-k-`-bn A-h-X-cn-n-m A-\p-a-Xn \Ip-X
- m-cv- K
- h
- -W
8334. G--hpw Iq-Sp-X-Im-ew `-cn- kp-m-t\-v hw-iw- Xp--Ivhw-iw(13201412)
8335. G--hpw Iq-Sp-X-Im-ew A-ta-cn- {]-kn-U v-]-Zw h-ln--Xv-{^m-v-fn Un dq-kv-sh-v
8336. B-[p-\n-I k-ky-im-kv-{X-n-s ]n-Xm-hm-Wv -I-tcm-e-kv eno-kv
8337. -]-g--fp-sS dm-Wn -am-tm-ss
8338. a-\p-jy-s\ N-{-\n-se-n- B-Zy _-ln-cm-Im-i hm-l-\w A-tm-tfm-11
8339. -Po- -F- hm-n-s D-]-m-Xm-hv -hn-eyw sPm-lm-k
8340. B-Zy-s kz-Im-cy _-ln-cm-Im-ih
- m-l\
- w -kvt- ]-kvj
- n-v h
8341. hm-l-\--fp-sS Nn-v \n-an-n-cn-p- m-kv -tk-^v-n m-kv
8342. \yq-t{Sm t_mw-_v I-p-]n-Sn--Xv -km-ap-h tIm-l
8343. se-kv, {]n-kw F-n-h \n-an-m D-]-tbm-Kn-p- m-kv ^v-fn v m-kv.
8344. s_-ko I-p-]n-Sn--Xv -^m-tc-U
8345. G--hpw Ip-d- Xn-f-\n-e-bp- aq-e-Iw- lo-en-bw
8346. sh-fp- c-m-Wp- Iq-Sp-X-ep-m-Ip- A-h- -ep-oan-b
8347. tUm-IvS- -am F-Sp-p- {]-Xn- -ln-tm-{Im-k
- v {]-Xn-
8348. \-s-n a-cp-p Ip-n-h--ti-jw F-Sp-p- F-Iv-kv-td-bmWv -ssa-tem-{Kmw
8349. -ssh-v t-Kv- F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- -bw
8350. {]-Im-iw G--hp-a-[n-Iw th-K-n k--cn-p- am-[y-aw- iq\y--ew
8351. Hm-Iv-kn-P-\v B t]-cp \-In-b-Xv -em-thm-kn-b
8352. `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS G-Xv A-\p-t-Zw {]-Im-c-am-Wv au-en-Im-h-Imi- \n-tj-[n--s-Sp- A-h-k-c--fn H-cn-y ]u-c-\v
ssl-tm-S-Xn-sb k-ao-]n-m-hp--Xv- 226
8353. Ir-{Xn-a kn-v F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv -d-tbm
8354. am-m-Wv-U-h-a Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn `-c-W-ta- h-jw- 1729
8355. am-am--th-Zn-bm-bn-cp- Xn-cp-\m-hm-b G-Xp \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-mbn-cp-p `m-c-X-p-g
8356. am-tm t]m-tfm tI-c-f-n-se-n-b h-jw- 1292
8357. a-\p-jy-s sN-dp-Ip-S-en-s \o-fw- 67 ao-
8358. am-en-Iv-_n- Zn-\m- tI-c-f-n- ]-n-I- ]-Wn-Xv- C-mw-aXw- kv-Ym-]n- h-jw--F.Un.644
8359. Iw-]yq- k-b-kn-s ]n-Xm-hv -A-e Sq-dn-Mv
8360. `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS G-Xv A-\p-t-Zw {]-Im-c-am-Wv ]m-e-sans C-cp-k-`-I-fp-sS-bpw kw-bp- k-t-f-\w hn-fn-p Iq-p-Xv- 108
CONFUSING FACTS
temInse BZys kwkvImcamb kptacnb
bpn {]tbmKnm
sXntmtbmhph
Pa\nbnse mv t^mdv h\ns\b,
]hX-\ncsbbmWv kqNnnpXv.
AYhm IWh aya, Mollusca
F hn`mKnsSp AIticpInbmWv.
Star Fish
AYhm \{Xayw aya,
Echinodermata
F
hn`mKnsSp
AIticpInbmWv.
Silver Fish F Pohn Arthropoda hn`mK-nsSp insect BWv.
Cwojv hymIcWnse third person \p kam\ambn aebmf hymIcWnse hyh {]Ya
]pcpj\mWv. Cwojnse First person aebmfn
Da ]pcpj\pw second person a[ya]pcpj\pw
BWv.
Cuttle Fish
CONFUSING
FACTS
CONFUSING FACTS
tNmZyw; Dcw
shkvfn, shnwKvS, BX
shn,tamWnwKvS {]`p
XncphnXmwIq Znhm\mbncp tIih]nbvv cmPm
F _lpaXn \InbXv shnbmsWpw
tamWnwKvS {]`phmsWpw hmbnnpv.
s\tmfnbs\ tXm]nXv BX shn-bmsWv
Hcp ]pkv X In Ip. shnwKv S {]`phmWv
s\tmfnbs\ tXm]nXv FmWv asmn.
Fm Uyqv Hm^v shnwKvSWmWv s\tmfnbs\
Xd]nXv Fv thsdmcnSv Ip. ChnsSbpw
Bibpgapv. Chcn BcmWv s\tmfnbs\
tXm]nXv?
Cym Ncn{Xn {]ikvXcmb cp shn-amcpv.
Ch ktlmZcamcpamWv. tPyjvT shnbpsS t]cv
dnmUv tImfn shn-(17601842). A\pP BX
shn(17691852).
1798apX 1805 hsc Cybn KhW P\dembncpp
Richard Colley Wellesley {]`p. Atlw tamWnwKvS
{]`p Fpw Adnbsp. tIih]nbv v cmPm
_lpaXn \InbXv AtlamWv. Snp kpm
\memw ssakq bpn sImsSpXv (1799)
Ctlns `cWImemWv . 1805 KhW
P\d ]Zsamgnv Atlw Xncnpt]mbn.
]noStlw {_nojv t^mdn sk{Idnbmbn (180912).
1 st Marquess Wellesley
Fpw
Atlw
]cmasSpp.
ssk\nI X{, {_nojv {][m\a{n Fo
\neIfn hynap{Z ]Xnn BX shn 1797
tIWse \nebn Cybnsen. ]nthjw (1798)
Atlns tPyjvT Cybn KhW P\dembn.
Snp kpms\ t\cnSm P\d lmcnkns Iogn
BX shn \ntbmKnsp. B ssk\nI
ZuXyn {_nojv ssk\yw Snphns\ h[np(1799).
Snphns acWwtIsn ]kv ]cntim[nv acWw
DdphcpnbXv BX shkv f nbmWv . 1801
Atln\v {_ntKUnb P\dembn m\bw
e`np. 1802 taP P\dembn.
bqtdmn aSnsbnb BX shkvfn hmeq
bpn (1815) s\tmfnbs\ ]cmPbsSpn
temINcn{Xn Nnc{]XnjvT t\Sn. Uyqv Hm^v
shnwKv S Fpw Atlw AdnbsSpp (B
ssSn thsd ]ecpw hlnnpsnepw). Atlw
cp {]mhiyw {_nojv {][m\a{nbmbn (1828-30, 1834).
shnwKvS {]`p Fpw Atlw Ncn{X]pkvXIfn
]cmainsSppv. ^oUv amj ]Zw hsc
Db Cu ssk\nI {]Xn`bvv Iron Duke F
A]c\mahpapv.
8609. C-y-bn-se B-Zy ]p-I-bn-e hn-ap- \-K-cw- N-Wv-Un-K-Vv8610. N-Wv-Un-K-Vv \-K-cw B-kq-{X-Ww sN-bv-X-Xv- se tIm-_q-knsb
8611. tI-c-f C-n-yq-v Hm-^v tem- A-Uv-an-\n-kv-t{S-j F-hnsSbm-Wv- ap-f-p--p-Im-hv
8612. B-bn-cw- X-Sm-I--fp-sS \m-Sv- ^n-e-Uv8613. tI-c-f {U-Kv-kv B v ^m-a-kyq-n--kv F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- Ie-hq
8614. B-bp-ssZ-Lyw G-h
- pw Iq-Sp-Xe
- p- G-jy cm-Pyw- P-m
(tem-I-v A-tUm-d)
8615. O-{X-]X
- n in-hP
- n a-lm-cm-Pv sS-an-\ F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- apw-ss_
CONFUSING FACTS
D-Z-b-kq-cy-s \m-Sv F- P-m-\pw A-kv-X-a-b kq-cys \m-Sv F-v {_n--\pw A-dn-b-s-Sp-p.
sX-n-s {_n- F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv \yq-kn-e-Uv
B-Wv. In-g-n-s {_n- P-m-\m-Wv.
G--hpw ]-g--ap- tZ-io-b-Km-\w P-m-t-Xm-Wv. G-hpw ]-g-w-sN- tZ-io-b ]-Xm-I sU-am-n-t-XmWv.
\yq-U-ln-bn-se cm-Pv-]-Yv tdm-Un-s ]-g-b-t]-cv InwKv-kv th F-pw P-]-Yv F- tdm-Un-s ]-g-b t]-cv
Izo-kv th F-p-am-Wv.
C-n-cm-Km-\v-[n-bp-sS P--Zn-\w (\-hw-_ 19) tZ-io-tbmZv-{K-Y-\-Zn-\-am-bpw N-c-a-Zn-\w (H-Iv-tSm-_ 31) tZ-io-b]p-\-c--W-Zn-\-am-bpw B-N-cn-p-p.
8658.
8659.
8660.
8661.
8662.
8663.
8664.
8665.
8666.
8667.
8668.
8669.
8670.
8671.
8672.
8673.
8674.
8675.
8676.
8677.
8678.
8679.
8680.
8681.
8682.
8683.
8684.
8685.
CONFUSING FACTS
tem- I - a m- \ y F- - d n- b - s - - X v _m- e - K w- K m- [ - c Xn- e I(18561920) . a-lm-am-\y F--dn-b-s--Xv ]-Wv-Un-v aZ tam-l am-f-hy (18611946).
tI-c-f-n-s kw-m-\ ]-n-bm-b th-gm- a-te-jybp-sS tZ-io-b ]-n-bm-Wv. tI-c-f-n-s kw-m-\ ]pjv-]-am-b I-Wn-sm- Xm-bv-e-Un-s tZ-io-b ]p-jv-]am-Wv. tI-c-f-n-s kw-m-\ hr--am-b sX-v am-enZzo-]n-s tZ-io-b hr--am-Wv.
a-dm- tI-k-cn F-p hn-fn--s- t\-Xm-hv _m-e-Kw-Km[-c Xn-e-I-\m-Wv. `m-c-X tI-k-cn F-p hn-ti-jn-n--s-Xv a--p ]-Zv-a-\m-`-\m-Wv.
8725. P-\k
- w-Jym hn-ktv- ^m-S\
- k
- n-m-
- n-s D-]
m-Xm-hv- amq-kv
8726. Xm-{aw F-v kw-kv-Ir-X-n A-dn-b-s-Sp- tem-lw--sN-v
8727. sIm- - h - j w B- c w- ` n- - X v B- c p- s S Im- e - m- W v cm-P-ti-J-c-h-a
8728. l-cn-l-c-s-bpw _p--bpw Kp-cp- hn-Zym-c-Wy
8729. sF-Iy-cm-jv-{S-k-`-bn-se F-{Xm-a-s Aw-K-am-Wv sam-n-s\t{Km- 192
8730. tem-I-hym-]m-c kw-L-S-\ \n-e-hn h- h-jw- 1995
8731. sF-Iy-cm-jv-{S-k-`-bp-sS ]-Xm-I-bp-sS \n-dw- \o-e
8732. Xm F-Iv-kv-{]-kv Hm-Sp--Xv G-sX-mw -e--n-S-bn-
ap-\-_m `m-shm- sJm-{I-]m
8733. `q-an-bn-se G--hpw X-Wp-p- -ew- sh-tJm-bm-kv-Iv
8734. Kp-P-dm-v ssl-tm-S-Xn-bp-sS B-m-\w- A-l--Zm-_m-Zv
8735. Fw- kn- tdm-Un-s-d ]-Wn- Xo--Xv- G-Xv h-j-n-
F.Un.1877
8736. Lm-\-bp-sS ]-g-b t]-cv- tKm-Uv tIm-v
8737. F-Xn-cn-m-sX Xn-c-s-Sp--s- G-I {]-kn-U v- \o-ew- kRv-Po-h-sd-Uv-Un8738. sIm-n e-Pn-t-o-hv A-kw-_v-fn-bn Aw-K-am-b B-Zy h-\n-X-tXm--bv-m-v am-[-hn-b-
8739. F-gp-- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw t\-Sn-b B-Zy h-\n-X- _m-em-a-Wn-b (1995)
8740. A-Iv-_ 1581 ]-cm-P-b-s-Sp-n-b am-h-bn-se `-c-Wm-[nIm-cn- _m-kv _-lm-Zq
8741. tem-I-s an-I- {In--v Xm-c-n-\p- sF.kn.kn.A-hmUv- Km-cn tkm-t_-gv-kv A-hm-Uv
8742. kpw-K-hw-i m-]-I- ]p-jy-an-{X
8743. F-gp-- ]p-c-kv-Im-cw B-Zy-am-bn t\-Sn-b-Xv- iq-c-\m-Sv Ip-]n- (1993)
8744. A-Iv-_ A--cn--Xv- 1605 H-Iv-tSm-_ 17
8745. F-gp-p-hn-Zy B-Zy-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kn- \m-K-cn-I-X- kp-ta-dn-b
8746. tI-c-f-n- \n-e-\n-n-cp- Zm-b-{I-a-s-p-dn-v- ]-cm-a-in-
{]-Y-a hn-tZ-i-k-m-cn- {^-b- tPm-Um-\-kv8747. Fw.]n.`--Xn-cn-m-Sn-s Xq-en-Im-\m-aw- t{]w-Pn
8748. kw-L-Im-e-Ir-Xn-I-fp-sS ap-Jy-{]-ta-bw- {]-W-bw, bp-w
8749. F-h-d-n-\v B t]-cp e-`n-m Im-c-W-m-c-\m-b tPm-Pv Fh-d-v B-cm-bn-cp-p- C-y-bp-sS k-th-b P-\-d
8750. tem-I-s G--hpw h-en-b D-]-Zzo-]v- A-td-_y
8751. kq-cy-{]-Im-is
- G-h
- p-a[
- n-Iw {]-Xn-^e
- n-n-p- {K-lw- ip{I
8752. ku-c-bq-Y-n-se {K-l--fn h-ep--n aq-mw m-\-ap {K-lw--bp-dm-\-kv
8753. tI-c-f-n-se G-I ap-nw- cm-P-hw-iw- A-d-bv-8754. k-am-[m-\ s\m-t_-en-\-l-\m-b c-m-a-s bp.F.sk-{I-dn P-\-d- tIm-^n A- (2001)
8755. Izn-n-ym-k-a-c-n-\v Km-n-Pn-sb A-d-p sN--s--tm
A-S-bv--s- P-bn- B-Km-Jm sIm-m-cw
CONFUSING FACTS
Iyq kpcmZn\w AYhm ssk_ kpcm
8857. G-Xv U-ln kp-m-s Im-e-m-Wv dm-Wn ]-Zv-an-\n Pul A-\p-jvTn--Xv A-em-hp-o Jn-Pn
8858. I-n-fn tcm-aw D-]m-Zn-n-p--Xn H-mw m-\-ap- cmPyw- Hm-kv-t{S-en-b
8859. ]-m-b-v cm-Pv, \-K-c-]m-en-I _n-p-I cm-Py-k-`-bn ]-cmP-b-s--Xv G-Xv {]-[m-\-a-{n-bp-sS Im-e-v- cm-Po-hv Km-n
8860. cp-{Z-Zm-a tI-Sp-]m-Sp-I Xo- kp-Z-i-\ X-Sm-Iw G-Xv kwm-\-v- Kp-P-dm-v
8861. Km-m-cw F--dn-b-s-n-cp- {]-tZ-iw C-tm G-Xp cm-Pym-Wv- A-^v-Km-\n-kv-Xm
8862. km-ln-Xy-n-\p- s\m-t_ k-m-\w B-Zy-am-bn t\-Sn-bXv- k-n {]p-t[mw
8863. tem-I-s B-Zy-s ap-nw h-\n-Xm _-ln-cm-Im-i hn-t\m-Zk-m-cn- A-\u-tj A-km-cn
8864. km-ln-Xy-{]-h-I
- k-lI
- c
- W
- k
- w-L
- n-s B-Zy-s sk{I--dn- Im-cq \o-e-I-WvT-n-
8865. th-Uv ssh-Uv sh-_n-s D-]-m-Xm-hv- Snw s_-tW-gv-kv
eo
8866. k-ap-{Z-Xo-c-an-m--Xpw- tI-c-f-n-se Pn--I-fp-am-bn- am-{Xw- AXn-n- ]-n-Sp--Xp-am-b Pn-- tIm--bw8867. j-Uv-Im-e tKm-hn- am-cm P-\n- -ew- cm-a-aw-K-ew
8868. h--ta-i k-t-f-\-n-te-v C-y h-\n-X-I-fp-sS {]-Xn-\n[n-bm-bn -Wn--s--Xv- k-tcm-Pn-\n \m-bn-Up
8869. H-mw kzm-X-{y k-a-cw \-S- h-jw 1857
8870. h--e I-S-p-dw G-Xp-t]-cn A-dn-b-s-Sp-p--]m-]-\m-iw
8871. H-mw h--ta-i k-t-f-\w \-S-p-tm ssh-t{km-bn- Chn {]-`p
8872. Im-p-I-gp-X-I-fp-sS h-\y-ar-K-kw-c--W-tI-{w F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-
Kp-P-dm-v
8873. I-Sp-h-bv-p-ap-v C-y-bp-sS tZ-io-b-ar-Kw- knw-lw
8874. A-h-km-\-s t]-jzm `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn- _m-Pn-dm-hp c-ma(17951818)
8875. X-]m m-n-s D-]-m-Xm-hv- tdm-f-v ln
8876. tem-I-s B-Zy-s h-\n-Xm B-Iv-Sn-Mv {]-kn-U v A-[n-Imc-n-h- cm-Pyw- aw-tKm-fn-b
8877. tX-n-Im-Sv ssa-Xm-\w F-hn-sSbm-Wv- Xr-q
8878. k-ky-tIm-i-`n-n \n-an-n-cn-p- ]-Zm-Yw- sk-p-tem-kv
8879. sIm--Wn G-Xv `m-jm-tKm-{X-n-se `m-j-bm-Wv- C-tm Bcy
8880. k-lm-dm a-cp-`q-an G-Xp `q-J-Wv-U-n- B-{^n-
8881. sIm-n k-n t]m-se `m-K-ap- ]-n- s]-en-
8882. tI-c-f t-v sse-{_-dn Iu-kn-en-s B-Zy sk-{I--dn-
sF.hn.Zm-kv
8883. Nu-lm-hw-i-n-se G--hpw {]-i-kv-X-\m-b cm-Pm-hv- ]r-Yzncm-Pv Nu-lm
8884. ssS-^q D-jv-W-N-{I-hm-Xw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv ho-ip--Xv- ssN\
8885. k-m-cn-b I-n-j F-n-s\--n-bm-Wv ]T-\w \-S-n-b-Xv tI-{ kw-m-\ _--
8886. k kn.]n.cm-a-kzm-an A- cm-Pn h--tm Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iqdn H-^o-tjy-n-Mv Zn-hm-\m-b-Xv- ]n.Pn.F.D-n-m
8887. tem-I-s B-Zy-s hn-Zym-`ym-k D-]-{K-lw- F-Uyp-km-v
8888. 1921- cq-]w-sIm- tI-{ e-Pn-t-o-hv- A-kw-n-bp-sS B-Zykv-]o--dm-bn-cp--Xv -k- {^-U-dn-Iv- ssh-v
8889. K-sa--en-se L-S-I tem-l-- sN-v, kn-v, Sn
8890. tem-I-n-se sa-Un- kn-n F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- hn-b-
8891. th-Wm-Sp cm-Pm--am-cp-tS-Xm-bn e-`n-n-p- B-Zy-s imk-\w- X-cn-km--n sN-t-Sp-I
8892. tem-I-s B-Zy-s h-\n-Xm-{]-kn-Um-b C-k-s_ s]tdm G-Xp-cm-Py-m-Wv A-[n-Im-c-n h--Xv- A-Po-\
8893. k-ly-s a-I F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv -B-\
8894. Rm ]-e kn--am-tc-bpw a-l-jn-am-tc-bpw I-n-p-v. Fm \m-cm-bW
- K
- p-cp-hn-s\-m an-I
- t- Xm A-t-l
- n-\p Xpey-t\m B-b H-cp a-lm-m-hn-s\ F-pw I-n-n-.- B-cp-tSXm-Wv Cu hm-p-I- Sm-tKm
8895. sIm- sd-bn-th \n-e-hn h- h-jw- 1998
9083. tem-Ivk
- `- b
- n/ \n-ba
- k
- `- b
- n Im-nw-Kv thm-v {]-tbm-Kn-m
A-[n-Im-ca
- p-X
- m-m-Wv- k
- v]
- o-
9084. kpw-K-hw-i-n-\p-ti-jw `-c-W-ta- cm-P-hw-iw- I-Wz-hw-iw
9085. tI-c-f-n-se G--hpw B-gw-Iq-Sn-b kzm-`m-hn-I Xp-d-ap-Jw- hngn-w
9086. s\-tm-fn-b P-\n--h-jw- 1769
9087. k-mw lp-ssk G-Xv ]m-n-bp-sS t\-Xm-hm-bn-cp-p- _mv ]m-n
9088. C-y C-n-yq-v Hm-^v C-tm-f-Pn F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--]p-Xp-tcn
9089. Xm-jv-sI v C-tm G-Xp cm-Py-v- D-kv-_-n-m
9090. C-y-bn {^-p-`m-j kw-km-cn--s-Sp- tI-{-`-c-W-{]-tZiw--]p-Xp-t-cn
9091. tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy-s am-en-\y-ap- \-K-cw- tIm-gn-tm-Sv
9092. Kp-cp-Z-n-W-bm-bn kz-w hn-c t{Zm-W-p ap-dn-p-\-Inb-Xv- G-I-e-hy
9093. G--hpw {]-_-e-\m-b kn-Jv `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn- c-Rv-Pn-v kn-Mv
9094. kv-]m-\n-jv ]n-p-S-m bp-w Xp-S-n-b-Xv- 1701
9095. F-hn-S-s I-ayp-Wn-v ]m-n-bp-sS ap-J-]-{X-am-Wv {Km-a Iyq-_
9096. tI-c-f-n-se {K--im-em {]-m-\-n-\v A-Sn--d-bn--Xv- ]nF ]-Wn-
9097. tI-c-f-n-s X-\-Xm-b ]-ip-hn-\w- sh-q
9098. kn-n Hm-^v ^m-j F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- ]m-co-kv
9099. sam-km-v G-Xp cm-Py-m-c-\m-bn-cp-p- Hm-kv-{Sn-b
9100. `q-an-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b A-n ]-h-Xw- tam-W tem-h
9101. 1921-se a-e-_m e-l-f \-bn- ]-Wv-Un-X- B-en ap-k-enbm
9102. sk _p--a-X-hn-`m-Kw- G-Xp cm-Py-m-Wv D-Zv-`-hn--Xv- ssN\
9103. th-Z--fn G--hpw A-h-km-\-t-Xv- A-Y-hw
9104. sk-dn-s^-Uv G-Xp-am-bn _-\v-[-s-n-cn-p-p- ]-p-\q hy-hkm-bw
9105. tNm-f cm-Py-s {]-[m-\ \-Zn-bm-bn-cp--Xv- Im-th-cn
9106. Uyp-dm v I-v m-]n--Xv- k tam-n-a Uyp-dm v
9107. s-bn-se-kv o-en-s L-S-I tem-l-- C-cp-v(73%),
t{Im-an-bw(18%), \n-(8%), Im-_(1%)
9108. N-c-p-v hn-t\m-Z-k-m-c tI-{w G-Xp Pn--bn- ]-\w-Xn-
9109. I-fn-I-fp-sS cm-Pm-hv- Ip-Xn-c---bw
9110. Sn-_n-b,^n-_p-e F-o A-n-I F-hn-sS Im-W-s-Sp-p-
Im
9111. sh-fn-w Zpx-J-am-Wp-n...F--Xv B-cp-sS h-cn-I A-n-w
9112. sI.F-kv.B.Sn.kn. \n-e-hn h- h-jw- 1965 (G-{]n)
9113. sN-p-fw ]--Xn G-Xp \-Zn-bn- ap-Xn-c-p-g
9114. tem-I-n-se G--hpw sN-dn-b a-yw- ]n-n tKm-_n
9115. sP.kn._n. F- t]-cn-e-dn-b-s-Sp- b-{-n-s a-sm-cp t]cv- s]m-ss-bv
9116. em-n `m-j-bn Ip-{]w F--dn-b-s-Sp- tem-lw--sN-v
9117. H-mw `u-a D--tIm-Sn G-Xp h-j-am-Wv \-S--Xv- 1992
9118. em-dn G-Xv cm-Py-s \m-W-b-am-Wv- tPm-Pn-b
9119. em-tlm p-U v-kv bq-Wn-b cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn--Xv- `-K-Xv
knw-Kv
9120. ]m-gv-`q-an-bn-se I-]-hr-w F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv -I-ip-am-hv
9121. s]-Kzn-\p-I Im-W-s-Sp--Xv -Z-n-W-{[p-hw
9122. N-cn-{Xw tP-Xm--fm F-gp-X-s-Sp-p--F-p ]-d--Xv--k
hn- N-n
9123. Nm-]-ey-ta \n-s t]-tcm kv-{Xo- B-cp-sS c-N-\-bn-em-Wv C-{]Im-ca
- p-X
- v- tj-Ivk
- v]
- n-b
9124. sP-tkm- sh--m--n-s a-sm-cp t]-cv- tPm-Kv sh--mw
9206. sN-tm-, Zn-hm C J-kv, U-ln-bn-se Pm-am a-kv-Pn-Zv, tamn a-kv-Pn-Zv F-n-h \n-an--Xv- jm-P-lm
9207. P-p-im-kv-{X-n-s ]n-Xm-hv- A-cn-tm-n
9208. ss\-{Sn-Iv B-kn-Un-bpw ssl-t{Um-tm-dn-Iv B-kn-Un-s-bpw
an-{in-Xw- A-Izm-do-Pn-b
9209. kz-X-{-`m-c-X-n-se B-Zy- hn-Zym-`ym-k-a-{n- au-em-\m- Bkm-Zv9210. tem-I-P-\-kw-Jy A-dp-\q-dp tIm-Sn Xn-I- Zn-h-kw- 1999 H-IvtSm-_ 12
9211. tem-I-s 70 i-X-am-\w c-Xv-\--fpw ap-dn-p-I-bpw t]m-fn-jv
sN-p--Xpw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv -kq-d-v
9212. sN--cn-bm-Sn-s tcm-aw \n-an-n-cn-p- t{]m-o- sI-cm-n
9213. P- \ n- X - I - k z- ` m- h - n- \ v \n- Z m- \ - a m- b X- m- { X G- X m- W v -
Un.F.F.
9214. sN-Sn-I-sf B-I-j-I-am-b co-Xn-bn sh-n-sbm-cp-p- co-Xn tSm-n-b-dn
9215. tI-c-f-n-\p ]p-d-v tI-c-f ssl-tm-S-Xn-v A-[n-Im-c ]-cn[n-bp- -ew- e--Zzo-]v
9216. sPm-hm Hm-^v B-n-s kz-tZ-iw- {^m-kv
9217. A-Iv-_ lm-Un-L-v bp--n dm-Wm {]-Xm-]n-s\ tXm]n- h-jw-1576
9218. kz-X-{ C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s _-P-v A-h-X-cn-n--Xv-
B.sI.j-ap-Jw sN-n
9219. sIm-Wm-n-se kq-cy-t-{Xw ]-Wn-I-gn-n--Xv- ]q-h Kw-Kmhw-i-n-se \-c-knw-l-tZ-h
9220. X-fn-tm- bp--n hn-P-b-\-K-c ssk-\y-s \-bn--Xv-
cm-ac
- m-b
9221. ]-cn-Wm-a-t{i-Wn-bn-se H-Sp-hn-e-s I-n--a-\p-jy
9222. tem-I-v G--hpw Iq-Sp-X P-\-kw-Jy-bp- k-_v \m-j-W
Fn-n- D--{]-tZ-iv
9223. Np--h---fp-sS \m-Sv F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- Ip--\m-Sv
9224. `m-c-X-c-Xv-\w In-n-b-h-cn C-y D-]-`q-J-Wv-U-n-\p sh-fnbn ]u-c-Xz-ap- G-I hy-n- s\-k a-t-e
9225. tI-{ a-{n-k-`-bv-v Iq-p--c-hm-Zn-Xzw D--Xv- tem-Iv-k-`t-- bmSv
9226. Np-h-v, ]- \n-d- tN-m In-p- \n-dw- a-
9227. \m-Kv-]q hn-am-\-m-h-fw G-Xv t\-Xm-hn-s kv-a-c-Wm-Yw \ma-I-c-Ww sN-bv-Xn-cn-p-p--_n.B.Aw-t_-Zv-I
9228. Xn-cp-h-\--]p-cw Pn--bn-se G--hpw D-b-cw Iq-Sn-b sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-A-K-kv-Xy-Iq-Sw
9229. \m-j-W A--kv-sa v B v A-{I-Un-t-j Iu-kn-ens (\m-Iv) B-m-\w--_mw-q
9230. sIm-Xp-Iv a-\p-jy-km-ao-]yw Xn-cn--dn-bp--sX--s\- hn-b-nse em-Iv-Sn-Iv A-w a-W--dn-v
9231. sk-dn- I-- F-p-am-bn- _-\v-[-s-n-cn-p-p- ]-p-\q- Irjn9232. ]--\w-Xn- Pn--bp-sS cq-]-h-Xv-I-c-W-n-\v ap-ssI-sb-Sp-bm- sI.sI.\m-b
9233. kv-]m-\n-jv Hu-tZym-Kn-I-`m-j-b-m- H-tc-sbm-cp a-[y A-ta-cn cm-Pyw- s_-en-kv
9234. kv-]m-tcm Iym-a F--dn-b-s-Sp- ]-n--H--I--n
9235. kv-Im-Un-t\-hn-b cm-Py--fn G--hpw h-ep-Xv G-Xv- kzoU
9236. kw-L-Im-e-s cm-P-hw-i--fn an-I- \m-hn-I-tk-\-sb \ne-\n-n-bn-cp--Xv- tNm-f-am
9237. sN-o F- kn-\n-ab
-
v- v Xn-c
- Y
- F-gp-Xn-bX
- v- F-kv.F.]pcw k-Zm-\-
9238. Iym-_n-\-v an-j C-y-bn h- h-jw- 1946
9239. kq-cn \-q-Xn-cn-m-Sv G-Xp Ir-Xn-bn-em-Wv- C-p-te-J
9240. C-y-bn t]m-p-Ko-kp-Im \n-an- B-Zy ]-n- sk v
{^m-kn-kv ]-n
9241. sk-ep--kn-s\ bp--n ]-cm-P-b-s-Sp-n-b cm-Pm-hv- N{-Kp-]vX
- a
- u-cy
9242. ss]-\m-hv G-Xv Pn--bp-sS B-m-\-am-Wv- C-Sp-n
9243. tI-c-f ap-Jy-a-{n-am-cn ]-sm-]-Xmw \q-m-n P-\n-
G-I hy-n- ]-w Xm-Wp-]n-
9388.
9389.
9390.
9391.
9392.
9393.
9394.
9395.
9396.
9397.
9398.
9399.
9400.
9401.
9402.
9403.
9404.
9405.
9406.
9407.
9408.
9409.
9410.
9411.
9412.
9413.
9414.
9415.
9416.
9417.
9418.
9419.
9420.
9421.
9422.
9423.
9424.
9425.
9426.
9427.
9428.
9629. A-eI
- vk
- m-{n-b \-Kc
- w m-]n-X
- m-cv- A
- e
- I
- vk
- m- N-{I-hn
9630. A-gn-a-Xn B-tcm-]-W-s-p-S-v cm-Pn-h-bv-t-n-h- Ata-cn- {]-kn-U v- dn-m-Uv \n-Iv-k
9631. A-ta-cn- sF-Iy-\m-Sp-I-fp-sS kzm-X-{y {]-Jym-]-\w A-dnb-s-Sp- t]-cv- Zn s]-^yqw
9632. A-hm-an eo-Kv G-Xv cm-Py-s cm-jv-{So-b ]m-n-bm-Wv- _w-mtZ-iv
9633. A-ta-cn- sF-Iy-\m-Sp-I-fp-sS tZ-io-b-Km-\w c-Nn--Xv- {^mkn-kv kv-tIm-v Io
9634. B-{K-la
- m-Wv k-hZ- px-J
- -pw tl-Xp F-p ]-d
X
- v- {io_p-
9635. A-em-hp-o Jn-Pn-bp-sS G--hpw {]-[m-\-s- ]-cn-jv-Im-cw-
I-tm-f \n-b-{-Ww
9636. B-cy-am C-y-bn-em-Zy-am-bn Ip-Sn-tb-dn-b -ew- ]-m_v
9637. ap-l--Zv _n Xp--Iv U-ln-bn-\n-pw X-e-m-\w F-hntS-m-Wv1327 am-n-b-Xv- Zu-e-m-_m-Zv (tZ-h-Kn-cn)
9638. B-cy-am D-S-se-Sp--Xv B-Sn-Iv {]-tZ-i-m-sW- hm-Zw
ap-tm-p-sh--Xv- _m-e-Kw-Km-[-c Xn-e-I
9639. ap-p-I-fp-sS \-K-cw F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- Xq-p-p-Sn
9640. B-cp-sS \n-cym-W-n A-\p-tim-Nn-m-\m-Wv ssh-v lu-kv
D-s-sS A-ta-cn--bn-se F-m m-]-\--fn-se-bpw ho-SpI-fn-se-bpw sse-p-I A-]-t\-c-t-v A-W--Xv -F-Unk
9641. ap-l--Zv _n Xp--n-s 23-a-s {]-hn-iy- Zu-e-m-_m-Zv
9642. bp-ssW--Uv \yq-kv Hm-^v C-y-bp-sS B-m-\w- \yq-Uln
9643. bp-ssW--Uv t\-j-kv ssl--o-j-W t^m lyp-a ssdv-kn-s B-m-\w--P-\o-h
9644. ap-l--Zv-_n Xp--n-s Im-e-v 1333 C-y k--in-sam-tdm-tm-m-c-\m-b(B-{^n-) k-m-cn- C-_v _-q
9645. a-I-s tcm-Kw X-\n-v \-I-W-sa-pw ]-I-cw a-I kp-Jw
{]m-]n--W-sa-pw {]m-Yn--Xn-s ^-e-am-bn A--cn-p-sh-v
I-cp-X-s-Sp- ap-K `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn -_m-_
9646. A-ta-cn- sF-Iy-\m-Sp-I-fp-sS kzm-X-{y {]-Jym-]-\w X-mdm-n-b-Xv- tXm-a-kv sP-t^-gv-k
9647. C-y-bn G--hpw Iq-Sp-X `-y-[m-\y- D-]m-Zn-n-p kw-m-\w- D- {]-tZ-iv
9648. A-em-hp-o Jn-Pn-bp-sS `-c-W-Im-ew- 12961314
9649. bp-td-\n-bw I-p-]n-Sn--Xv- am-n m t{]m-v
9650. C-y _-ln-cm-Im-ib
- p-K
- n-\p Xp-S
- w Ip-dn- Xo-bX
- n- 1963
\-hw-_ 21
9651. tI-c-f-n-se G-I I-tm-sa v- I-q
9652. Szn-n Szn-n en-n m F- \-gv-k-dn Km-\w c-Nn--Xv-
B sS-bv-e, sP-bv sS-bv-e
9653. `-cW
- L
- S- \
- b
- p-sS a-\x-m-n- F-d-- n-bs
- -Sp-X
- v- B-n-n
19
9654. sF-Iy-cm-jv-{S-k-`-bp-sS bq-tdm-]y B-m-\w- P-\o-h
9655. tem-Iv-k-`-bp-sS/\n-b-a-k-`-bp-sS A-[y---kv-]o-
9656. \m-kn-Iv G-Xp \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-m-Wv -tKm-Zm-h-cn
9657. sX-tm-e-I a--fn-m Im-c-Ww G-Xp aq-e-I-n-s A`m-h-am-Wv- ss\-{S-P
9658. [-h-f \-K-cw F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- s_-t{K-Uv
9659. -\n-b-a-k-` tN-cm- k-a-b--fn Hm-Un-\-kv ]p-d-s-Sp-hnm B-m-Wv A-[n-Im-cw--K-h-W
9660. [-\w Iq-Sp-tm-dpw a-\p-jy Zp-jn-p-p- F-p ]-d--Xv- Hfn-h tKm-Uv kv-an-v
9661. {]-Im-i-n-\v N-{-\pw `q-an-bv-p-an-S-bn k--cn-m-\m-h-iyam-b k-a-bw- 1.3 sk- v
9662. P-kn-b, Pm-Kn Xp-S-n-b-h \-S-m-n-b U-ln kp-m ^n-tdm-kv jm Xp--Iv
9663. \m-j-W C-n-yq-v t^m bp-\m-\n sa-Un-kn F-hn-sSbm-W -_mw-q
9664. a-lm-Xva
- m-Km-\v[
- n- k-hI
- e
- m-im-eb
- p-sS B-kvY
- m-\w- A-Xn-c
- pg-bn-se {]n-b-Z-in-\n- ln-kv9665. a-l-Xz-n-\p \-tI-n-h-cp- hn-e I-\- D--c-hm-Zn-Xz-amWv -F-p ]-d--Xv--k hn- N-n
9666. `q-ap-J-v C-p--Xn G--hpw {]m-No-\-am-b ]-h-X-\n-c- Bc-h-n
9667. am-[h
- m-Nm-cy(11991278) F-n-s hym-Jym-Xm-hm-bn-cp-p- ssZzX kn-m-w
9668. am-[y-an-I-kq-{Xw c-Nn--Xm-cv- \m-Km-Pp-\
9669. A-p-`m-j-I-fn h-cn-I-fp- tZ-io-b-Km-\-ap- cm-Pyw--Z-nWm-{^n-
9670. A--Xp h-jw ]m-e-saw-K-am-bn-cp- kzm-X-{y k-a-c tk\m-\n- F.Pn.cw-K
9671. a-Kv-k-tk A-hm-Uv t\-Sn-b B-Zy-s, C-y ]u-c-\m-b ae-bm-fn- h-Ko-kv Ip-cy
9672. A-
- q am-[h
- N
- m-Iym-cp-am-bn _-s
- - I-em-cq-]w- Iq-Sn-bmw
9673. `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS G-Xp- h-Ip-v- A-\p-k-cn-m-Wv- tI-{-k-mcn-s-d \n-h-l-Wm-[n-Im-cw- cm-jv-{S-]-Xn-bn- \n-n-]v-X-am-nbn-cn-p--Xv- 53mw- h-Ip-v9674. _w-Km hn-`-P-\w d-m-n-b h-jw- 1911
9675. `q-Kp-cp-Xz-_-ew G--hpw Ip-d-hp--Xv- `q-a-[y-tc-J-bn
9676. \m-j-W te-_ C-n-yq-v B-cp-sS t]-cn \m-a-I-c-Ww
sN-bv-Xn-cn-p-p- hn.hn.Kn-cn
9677. A-Jn-te-ym k-ho-kn-se D-tZym-K--sc \n-b-an-p--Xv- {]kn-U v
9678. \m-f- k-h-I-em-im-e bp-sS ]p-\-cp-m-c-W-n-\p t\-Xr-Xzw
\-Im \n-tbm-Kn--s--Xv- A-a-Xy sk
9679. am-e-Zzo-]v G-Xv k-ap-{Z-n-em-Wv--C-y-a-lm-k-ap-{Zw
9680. am-kv-Ip-I-fp-sS \-K-cw- sh-\o-kv
9681. am-
- G-Xp hy-hk
- m-b
- n-\m-Wp {]-kn-w- sS-Ivk
- vs
- skv
9682. am-m-WvU
- h
- -a h-S
- pw-Iq- Io-gS-
- n-bX
- v- G-Xv h-j
- n F.Un.1750
9683. a-\p-jy-s lr-Z-b-an-Sn-p-\n-c-v-72 {]-Xn an-\p-v
9684. a-bn-en-s\ C-y-bp-sS tZ-io-b-]-n-bm-bn Aw-Ko-I-cn- hjw- 1963
9685. a-e-bm-f-`m-j-bn D-m-b B-Zy-s K-Zy-Ir-Xn- `m-jm-Iu-Seo-bw
9686. A-m-cm-jv-{S km--c-Xm h-jw- 1990
9687. am-thm ln t-j G-Xv kw-m-\-v- a-Wn-q
9688. am-thm-dn-kv tKm-{X-s F-hn-sS-m-Wmw- \yq-kn-e-Uv
9689. am-Xr-{K-l-hp-am-bn Xm-c-X-ayw sN-p-tm G--hpw h-en-b D-]{K-lw--N-{
9690. a-\p-jy-i-co-c-n-se P-e-n-s A-f-hv F-{X i-X-am-\-am-Wv-
65
9691. an-I- \-S-\p- tZ-io-b A-hm-Un-\v B-Zy-am-bn A-l-\m-bXm-cv D-w-Ip-am
9692. an-I- \-Sn-p- Hm-kv-I A-hm-Uv B-Zy-am-bn t\-Sn-b-Xv-
Pm-\-v sK-bv-\
9693. a-bq-c-knw-lm-k-\w \n-an--Xv- jm-P-lm
9694. an-I- ]m-e-sa-t-dn-b-\p- tZ-io-b A-hm-Uv B-Zy-am-bn e`n--Xv- C-{-Pn-Xv Kp-]v-X
9695. B-\v-{[-{]-tZ-in-se-bpw- H-do-k-bn-se-bpw- ta-P- ss{S-_v- - sNp9696. am-cp-X \-K-cw F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- jn-m-tKm
9697. am-cp-Xn D-tZym-Kv en-an--Un-s ^m-Iv-S-dn F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- Kp-Kmhv
9698. B-\v-{[m-{]-tZ-in- tdm--v- hn-t-]-W-tI-{w- kv-Yn-Xn-sN-p kv-Y-ew-- {io-l-cn-tm-
9699. a-e-bm-f-n-se B-Zy-s tIm-f-an-v- Un.kn.In-g-t-ap-dn
9700. a-bq-cm-n t{]m-P-Iv-Sv G-Xv kw-m-\-v- ]-n-a _w-Km
9701. a-e-bm-f-n-se B-Zy-s tUm-_n o-cn-tbm Nn-{Xw- Imem-]m-\n
9702. A-Iv-_ N-{I-h-n I-eym-Ww I-gn- cm-Pv-]p-{X cm-P-Ip-am-cn-
tPm-[m-`m-bn
9856.
9857.
9858.
9859.
9860.
9861.
9862.
9863.
9864.
9865.
9866.
9867.
9868.
9869.
9870.
9871.
9872.
9873.
9874.
9875.
9876.
9877.
9878.
9879.
9880.
9881.
9882.
9883.
9884.
9885.
9886.
9887.
9888.
9889.
9890.
9891.
9892.
tI-cf
- w
10078. X-e-bv- N-p kv-am-c-Iw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- ]-\-a-cw
10079. a-e-bm-f-n-se B-Zy-s h-\n-Xm Un--Iv-So-hv t\m-h-en-v- `{Z F. ta-t\m
10080. a-[y-{]-tZ-in-s-bpw a-lm-cm-jv-{S-bp-sS-bpw A-Xn-n-bn-eq-sS Hgp-Ip- \-Zn-\
- -aZ10081. C-y-bp-sS X-e-m-\w- I---bn-\n-v- U-ln-bn-te-vam-p-X
- p-kw-_
- n- {]-Jym-]\
- w \-S
- X
- v (1911) G-Xv ssh-t{kmbn-b-bp-sS Im-e-m-Wv--lm-Un-v- {]-`p
10082. sF.]n.F G-Xv a--c-hp-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p- {In--v
10083. C-y-bp-sS B-Zy-s tZ-i-c-m-D-]-tZ-jv-Sm-hv- {_-tP-jv an-{i
10084. Ipw-ss-Jm G-Xp cm-Py-m-c\
- m-bn-cp-p-a
- w-tKm-fn-b
10085. a-l-hm-cn d-h-\yq kw-hn-[m-\w hn-e-bn-cp-m A-e-l-_m-Zv
k--in- K-h-W P-\-d--hn-eyw s_n-Iv {]-`p
10086. Sm-tKm-dn-s Ko-Xm-Rv-P-en-bp-sS Cw-Kv-fo-jv ]-cn-`m-j-bv-v A-hXm-cn-I-sb-gp-Xn-b hn-eyw _- tb-v-kv G-Xv cm-Py-m-c-\mbn-cp-p- A-b-e-Uv
10087. kz-cm-Pv ]m-n-bp-sS B-Zy {]-kn-U v -kn.B.Zm-kv
10088. G--hpw h-en-b C-tm--B-cy `m-j -ln-n
10089. Ko-k-dp-I-fp-sS \m-Sv F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw--sF-kv-em-Uv
10090. C-y-bn c-p {]m-h-iyw K-h-W P-\-d-em-b B-Zy hy-n-tIm-hm-en-kv {]-`p
10091. eo-Uvk
- v G-Xv Im-bn-I a-c
-
- n-\m-Wv {]-kn-w-{- In-
- v
10092. G-Xv \-Kc
-
- n-h
- m-Wv Xp-fk
- o-Zm-kv cm-aN
- c
- n-Xa
- m-\k
- w c-Nn-Xv- h
- m-cm-Wk
- n
10093. C-y- Iu-kn- B-Iv-Sv- (1861)- \n-e-hn h--tm ssht{km-bn--Im-\nw-Kv {]-`p
10094. 1949 Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq tZ-hk
- zw t_m-Un-s B-Zy {]-kn-Umb-Xv- a-
- v ]-Zva
- \
- m-`
10095. _m-tIm-Un-s D-]
m-Xm-hv t\m-a tPm-k^
- v hp-Ue
-v mUv
10096. Xm-Pv-a-l ]-Wn-Xn-cn-p- -ew G-Xv cm-Pm-hn-\n-m-Wv
jm-P-lm N-{I-h-n hm-n-b-Xv- cm-Pm P-bv-knw-Kv
10097. G--hpw A-Sn-m-\-]-c-am-b Po-hn-h-Kw- sam-Wo-d
10098. A-e-am-n ]--Xn G-Xv \-Zn-bn-em-Wv- Ir-jv-W
10099. s]m-eo-kv em-n-m-Pn ]-cn-t--Xn-s\-p-S-v em-em ePv-]-Xv-dm-bn A--cn--Xv G-Xv ssh-t{km-bn-bp-sS Im-e-m-Wv-C-hn- {]-`p
10100. ]p-cm-X\
- kva
- m-cI
- kw-c
- W
- \n-ba
- w \n-eh
- n-h
- t- m ssht{km-bn-bm-bn-cp--Xv--I-gv-k {]-`p
10101. G-Xv \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-m-Wv am-_n tdm-v-kv--\-a-Z
10102. B-Zy-s \n-ba
- I-n-js
- \ \n-ba
- n- K-h-W P-\d
- -h
- n-eyw
s_n-Iv {]-`p
10103. ^n-tdm-kv jm tIm-Sv-e G-Xv I-fn-m-Wv {]-i-kv-Xw -{In--v
10104. C-y-bp-sS kzm-X-{y-n-\m-bn A-m-cm-jv-{S-X-e-n hn-h-{]-m-\w sI-n-S- p- B-Zy `m-cX
- o-b (1906)-hn.-Un.-kh
- m10105. N-
- n-kzm-an-If
- p-sS sN-dp-
- n-se Hm-a\
- t- -c-v Ip- (b-YmY t]-cv A--)
10106. 1928 bp-n-hm-Zn am-kn-I-bp-sS ]-{Xm-[n-]-cm-b-Xv- k-tlm-Zc A--
10107. G--hpw km-{-X Iq-Sn-b A-tem-lw- A-b-Un
10108. B-an t]m-tm-^o-kv G-X--n-em-Wv B-cw-`n-p--Xv-9
10109. C-y-bn sS-en-I-ayp-Wn-t-j cw-K-v ta-t\m-w h-lnp- m-]-\w- sS-en-tImw sd-Kp-te--dn A-tXm-cn-n Hm-^v Cy
10110. kz-cm-Pv ]m-n-bp-sS B-Zy sk-{I--dn -tam-n-em s\-{lp
10111. 1799- sk-k-jn-v Hm-^v {]-kv B-Iv-Sv sIm-p-h- K-hW P-\-d- sh--n {]-`p
10112. th-Uv ^p-Uv ss{]-kn-\-l-\m-b c-m-a-s `m-c-Xo-b-tUm.h-Ko-kv Ip-cy
10113. G-Xp cm-Py-s B-Zy h-\n-Xm {]-kn-Um-Wv ta-cn tdm-_nk- A-b-e-Uv
10114. 1920-se tIm-{K-kv k-t-f-\-n \n--l-I-c-W {]-m\w kw-_
- n- {]-[m-\ {]-ta-bw ]m-km-n-bX
- v B-c-v k
- n.B.Zm-
kv
10115. {]m-tZ-in-I ]-{X-\n-b-aw- d-Zv-sN-bv-X (1882)- ssh-t{km-bn--dn-
{]-`p
10116. C-y a-lm-k-ap-{Z-n-se G--hpw hn-kv-Xo-Ww Iq-Sn-b Zzo-]v-aU
- K
- m-kI
-v
10117. ]-Z-hn-bn-en-s A--cn- B-Zy K-h-W P-\-d -tIm-hmen-kv {]-`p
10118. C-y-bn-em-Zy-s hn-tZ-i-h-kv-{Xw- I-n--en-\v- 1905- ]q-s\
tIm-tf-Pn- t\-Xr-Xzw- \-In-b-Xm-cv- hn.-Un.-k-hm-10119. {_-ko-en-s tZ-io-b ]-Xm-I-bn-ep- Nn-{Xw F-n-s-Xm-Wv-^p-Svt- _m
10120. a-lm-cm-jv-{S-bn-se kmw-n \-K-cw G-Xv \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-m-Wv-
Ir-jW
-v
10121. a-[y-{]-tZ-in-se A-a-Im--Iv a-e-\n-c-I-fn D-`-hn-p- \-Zn-\-aZ10122. G-h
- pw X-Wp-p-Iq-Sn-b X-e
m-\w G-Xp cm-Py-n-s-Xm-Wv aw-tKm-fn-b
10123. G-Xp cm-Py-s tZ-io-b {]-m-\-am-Wv kn s^-bn- Ab-e-Uv
10124. {]-i-kv-X-am-b hn-iz-\m-Y t-{Xw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv -hm-cm-W-kn
10125. aq-mw ssa-kq bp--m-e-v K-h-W P-\-d- -tIm-hmen-kv {]-`p
10126. Kp-P-dm-n-se _-tZm-fn- Pn--bn- h--`-`m-bn- ]-t-en-s t\Xr-Xz-n- I-j-I-k-a-cw- \-S--tm ssh-t{km-bn B-cm-bncp-p-C
- -hn- {]-`p
10127. kn-p-hn-s t]m-jI
- \
- Z- n-If
- n G-h
- pw In-g
- v D-`h
- n-p-Xv -kX
- ve
- P
- v
10128. C-y {]-kn-Um-b B-Zy C-mw a-X-(1967)- -tUm.- ko- lp-ssk10129. Izn-n-ym k-ac
-
- n ]-s-Sp-c
- p-sX-v ln-p-t- fm-Sv B-lzm\w sN-bv-X ln-p-a-lm-k-` t\-Xm-hv--hn.-Un.-k-hm-10130. C-y-bn-\n-an- B-Zy-s Hm-bn Sm--dn-\v G-Xv t\-Xm-hns kva
- c
- -Wm-Ya
- m-Wv t]-cn-X
- v- t- am-n-em s\-{lp
10131. hn-Zym-t]m-jn-Wn F- kw-LS- \
- m-]n-X
- v- k-tlm-Zc
- A-
10132. {io-\m-cm-bW
- -Kp-cp c-Nn- \-ha
- R
- vP
- c
- n B-m-Wv k-a-n-n-cnp-X
- v- N--n kzm-an-I-v
10133. ln-p-a
- p-kvf
- nw kmw-kvI
- m-cn-Imw-i
- s
- f D-sm-p- m-kn \r--cq-]w- I-Y-Iv
10134. G-Xv cm-Py-m-cm-Wv tem-I_
- m-v {]-kn-U v ]-Zw h-ln-p-X
- v A-ta-cn-
10135. `-c-X-\m-Sy-n-s A-Sn-m-\ {K-w--A-`n-\-b Z--Ww
10136. C-y-bp-sS B-Zy-s Iw-]v-t{Sm-f B v Hm-Un- P-\-d-
hn.\-cl
- c
- n-dm-hp
10137. sPw-Kn-jvJ
- m G-Xp cm-Py-m-c\
- m-bn-cp-p-a
- w-tKm-fn-b
10138. t^m-v hn-eyw tIm-tf-Pv (1800) m-]n- K-h-W P-\-d-
sh--n {]-`p
10139. enw-K-cm-P-t-{Xw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv -`p-h-t\-iz
10140. ]-Zm-Y-n-s A-f-hn-s A-Sn-m-\ bq-Wn-v--tam
10141. 1947-se ap-Xp-Ip-fw {]-kw-Kh
- p-am-bn _-s
- - \-thm-m-\ \mb-I- a-
- v ]-Zva
- \
- m-`
10142. {_-m-\--in-h-tbm-Kn-bp-sS b-Ym-Y t]-cv- Im-cm-v tKm-hn-Ip-n-ta-t\m
10143. ]-WvU
- n-v I-dp-\
- v hn-Zzm _-lp-aX
- n \-In-bX
- v- tI-cf
- h
- -a hen-b-tIm-bn--p-cm
10144. A--m-fn A--cn- h-jw- 1941
10145. kv-{Xo-[-\-hn-cp--Zn-\w- \-hw-_ 26
10146. A-dn-bs
- -Sp-h
- b
- n-h
- G
v-
- h
- pw h-en-b \-{- Xw- hn.ssh. Im\n-kv ta-tPm-dn-kv
10147. \m-hn-I-cp-sS Zzo-]p-I F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw- k-tam-h
10148. Cu-Pn-]v-jy A--c-am-e-bn-se A--c--fp-sS F-w- 24
10149. ^-o C A-^v-Km F--dn-b-s--Xv--Jm A-_v-Zp Km-^
Jm
10150. ^m-t c-Xv-\- G-Xp-am-bn _--s- A-hm-Um-Wv- -kn-\n-a
10151. ^n-en-ss-kn-se-bpw Cu-v Xn-tam-dn-se-bpw a-Xw--{In-kv-Xp-aXw
c A--
10221. G--hpw `q-I- km-[y-X-bp- cm-Py-am-bn I-cp-X-s-Sp--Xv- saIvk
- n-tm
10222. A-ta-cn--bn-se B-Zy-s t-m-bn A-dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- sUem-h
10223. 1966 hn-am-\m-]I
- S-
- n a-cn- C-y im-k{v- X--t- lman sP.`m-`
10224. ]p-Xn-b kw-m-\
- cq-]h
- X
- vI
- c
- n-m B-m-W[
- n-Im-cw-]m-es
- a v
10225. ]p-Xp-t-cn-bn D-]-tbm-Kn--s-Sp- hn-tZ-i-`m-j--{^-v
10226. ]-Jv-Xp F- {]-kn-o-I-c-Ww B-cw-`n--Xm-cv -Jm A-_vZp Km-^ Jm
10227. \q-P-lm-s i-h-Ip-So-cw G-Xv \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-m-Wv--c-hn \-Zn
10228. \yq-n-b ^yq-j-s ^-e-am-bn kq-cy-\n cq-]w-sIm-p- hmX-Iw-l
- o-en-bw
10229. \yq-kn-bw F-m-Wv- \yq-kv t]- ayq-kn-bw
10230. 1996-se A-Xv-em H-fn-n-Iv-kn G-Xn-\-n-em-Wv C-y-v
44 h-j-n-\p-ti-jw sa-U e-`n--Xv--sS-o-kv
10231. ]--S--en-se P-bn \m-cm-b-W-t-{Xw ]-Wn-I-gn-n- cm-jv-{SIq-Sc
- m-Pm-hv- A
- t- am-Lh
- -j
10232. ]-]
- m-WvU
- h
- c
- n B-cm-Wv C-{-s a-I-A
- -Pp-\
10233. \m-ep Zn-i-I-fn \n-p- sse-\p-I Iq-n-ap-p- (]m-e-mSv,tIm-gn-tm-S,v Xr-q,\n-e
- q) tI-cf
-
- n-se H-tc-sbm-cp sd-bnth Pw-Kj
v- -s
- jm-Wq
10234. \m-j-W A-{Kn-I- I-n-j-s A-[y--\m-b {]-Y-a a-ebm-fn-F
- w.F-kv.kzm-an-\m-Y
10235. {io-\m-cm-bW
- K
- p-cp 1916 k--in- a-lm- c-aW
- a
- l
- -jn
10236. A-ta-cn- ssh-kv {]-kn-Un-s Hu-tZym-Kn-I hn-am-\w--Fb-t^m-gv-kv 2
10237. {]-tNm-Z-\-n-s Zzo-]v F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- Sm-kv-am-\n-b
10238. G-Xv ]--W-n-h-m-Wv 1848 am-Iv-kpw Fw-K-kpw-tNv I-ayp-Wn-v am-\n-s^-tm ]p-d-n-d-n-b-Xv- {_-k-kv
10239. Z U-b-dn Hm-^v F bw-Kv tK c-Nn--Xv- B {^m-v
10240. sI-n-Iv I-Sp-h F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw- A-b-e-Uv
10241. \m-Km-em-Un-se {]-[m-\a
- X
- t- a-Xv- {- In-kX
v- p-aX
- w
10242. \m-Kv-]q tIm-{K-kv k-t-f-\-n-s Xo-cp-am-\-a-\p-k-cn-v
sI.]n.kn.kn.v Pn-m-
- n-n-I cq-]h
- X
- I
-v r-Xa
- m-b h-jw-1921
10243. \mw iz-kn-p- Hm-Iv-kn-P-s 20 i-X-am-\-tm-fw D-]-tbm-Knp- A-hb
- h
- t- a-Xv- a
- k
- X
v- n-jI
v- w
10244. \n-b-a-\n-am-W-k-` m-]n- B-Zy-s \m-p-cm-Pyw--ssa-kq
10245. ]-]
- m-WvU
- h
- c
- n c-m-a-`- o-a
10246. X-s B-i-b- {]-N-cn-n-m km-c-{Km-ln F- {]-kn-oI-c-Ww B-cw-`n- \-thm-m-\ \m-b-I- {_-m-\--in-h-tbmKn
10247. h-w au-e-hn A--cn- h-jw- 1932
10248. {io-\m-cm-bW
- K
- p-cp-hn-s Po-hn-Xw B-k]
-v Z- a
- m-n Kp-cp F- t\mh c-Nn-X
- v- sI.kp-tc-{
10249. {_-m-\--in-h-tbm-Kn P-\n- h-jw- 1852
10250. ]--h-cp-am-bn bp-w sN-bv-Xv F.-Un. 611- th-n ssI-h-i-sSp-n-b Nm-eq-Iy-cm-Pm-hv- ]
- p-et- I-in c-m-a
10251. ]q-s\ I-cm-dn-s k-a-b-s ssh-t{km-bn--hn-n-Mv-S- {]-`p
10252. ]-Xn-\m-en-\ t^m-ap-e-bp-sS D-]-m-Xm-hv--ap-l--Z-en Pn-
10253. Hm-im-\s
- -cp-\m G-Xp a-X
- m-cp-sS B-tLm-ja
- m-Wv- {- In-kX
v- pa-Xw
10254. _-cm-_-Xn t-Un-bw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--I--Iv
10255. _-en-b, k-m-d Xp-S-n-b -e--fn k-am--c k-m
A-[n-Im-c
- n-h
- X
- v G-Xv k-ac
- I
- m-e
- m-Wv- I
- zn-n-ym-ka
- c
- w
10256. _m-k-th-iz-c G-Xv {]-tZ-i-v Po-hn-n-cp- km-aq-ln-I ]-cnjvI
- -m-hm-Wv- I-Wm-SI
- w
10257. ]-n-am-[-tKm-f-n-em-Zy-am-bn am-Iv-kn-v k-m A-[n-Imc-n-h- cm-Py-ta-Xv--K-bm-\
10258. ]-n-tam-Z-bw (1847) F- ]-{Xw B-cm-Wv {]-kn-o-I-cn--Xv-sl-a Kp--v
10259. ]-Z-hn-bn-en-cn-s A--cn- B-Zy-s tI-c-f \n-b-a-k-`m kv]o--dm-b ko-Xn lm-Pn G-Xv ]m-n-bp-sS t\-Xm-hm-bn-cp-p--apnw eo-Kv
10260. _m-Zj
-v m-Jm F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp-X
- v -Jm A-_Z-v p Km-^ Jm
10261. ]q-tm-q F- -e
- p-h
- v am-n-f I-em-]I
- m-cn-If
- pw ]-m-fhpw G-p-ap- \-S- h-jw-1921
10262. ]r-Yzn-cm-P-dm-tkm F- ln-n-bn-se C-Xn-lm-k Im-hy-n
B-cp-sS ho-c-Ir-Xy--fm-Wv {]-Xn-]m-Zn-p--Xv--]r-Yzn-cm-Pv Nulm
10263. ]-Sv-Im-bn ]-h-X \n-c C-y-sb G-Xv cm-Py-p-\n-v th-Xn-cnp-p- aym-a
10264. ]u-c-h-Im-iw kw-_-n- \n-b-a--fp-sS \n-b-{n-m `-c-WL-S\
- B-m-Wv A-[n-Im-cw \-In-bn-cn-p-X
- v- ]
- m-es
- a v
10265. ]-Wv-Un-v I-dp- hm-e-k-ap-Zm-b ]-cn-jv-I-c-Wn- k-`-bv-v cq-]w\-In-b h-jw-1910
10266. sXm-q-dm-am-v e-l-f F-pw A-dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- Du-cq---ew
e-l-f
10267. ssX-m-Sv A- P-\n- h-jw-1814
10268. se- t_m-Iv-kv I--\n-I-fp-sS \m-Sv F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw-
en-Ivs
- -ss
10269. tem-I-n-se G--hpw B-gw-Ip-d- I-S- A-tkm-hv I-S
10270. ]-]
- m-WvU
- h
- c
- n hm-bp-]p-{X-\m-cm-Wv- `
- o-a
10271. ]-h
- cm-Pm-hm-b \-ck
- nw-lh
- -a hm-Xm-]n Io-gS-
- n bp-
- n
sIm-e-s-Sp-n-b Nm-eq-Iy-cm-Pm-hv--]p-e-tI-in c-m-a
10272. _n.-kn.c-mw \q-m-n {io-e
- Io-gS-
- p-Ib
- pw 50 h-jw Ahn-sS `-cn-p-Ib
- pw sN-bvX
- - G-ec
- F- c
- m-Pm-hv G-Xp hw-i
- mc-\m-bn-cp-p
10273. _-tbm-Kym-kn G--hpw Iq-Sp-X-ep- hm-X-Iw--ao-tY-bv
10274. ssX-m-Sv d-kn-U-kn-bp-sS am-t\-Pc
- m-bn-cp- \-thm-m-\ \mb-I- ssX-m-Sv A-m-Kp-cp
10275. tI-c-f Z-fn-X F- B-i-bw ap-tm-p-h- \-thm-m-\ \m-bI--s]m-bv-I-bn A--
10276. Ip-am-c\
- m-im-s \-fn-\n F- Ir-Xn-v A-hX
- m-cn-I F-gp-Xn-bX
- v- F.B.cm-Pc
- m-Ph
- -a
10277. I-p-am-e k-a-cw \-bn--Xv- A--m-fn
10278. bp-s\-ktv- Im-bp-sS Hm-a]
- p-kX
v- I
-
- n C-y-bn-\n-v B-Zyw
D-s-Sp--s- tc-J--E-tKz-Zw
10279. s\-k a-t-e-bv-v P-bn-en-\-In-bn-cp- \-- 46664
10280. t]-jy D--S-en-se ]-hn-gw F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw- _l-dn
10281. a-t[y-jy-bn-se kzn-v-k-e-v F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw- In-KnkvX
- m
10282. \o-e-Im-i-n-s \m-Sv F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw- aw-tKm-fn-b
10283. ]m-m-Xy m-kn- kw-Ko-X-n-s X-e-m-\w F--dn-bs-Sp--Xv- hn-b-
10284. i-Xh
- -jb
- p-w F-{X-h-jw \o-p-\n-p-116
10285. Z-n-tW-y-bn-se-B-Zy-s sS-v Syq-_v in-ip- I-a-em-c-Xv-\w
(1990)
10286. \-_m-Uv cq-]-h-Xv-I-cn- ip-]m-i sN-bv-X I-n-n- in-h-cma I-n-n
10287. _-tdm-U F-Ik
-v {-v ]-kv F-d- n-bs
- -Sp- {In-- v Xm-cw- C-^m
]Tm
10288. _u-{- K-
- f
- n \m-Z]
- p- F-v ]-cm-a-in-s
- -Sp-X
- m-cv-al
- m-ho-c
10289. `-y-tbm-Ky-am-b G-I-bn-\w Hm-n-Uv--hm-\n-e
10290. _p- k-m-\w \-Ip- ta-J-e-tb-Xv- -km-ln-Xyw
10291. _p--a-Xw t\-m-fn {]-N-cn-n--Xv- ]-Zv-a-kw-`-h
10292. tIm-gn-tm-v {]o-Xn-t`m-P-\w kw-L-Sn---Xv- hm-Kv-`-Sm-\-
10293. Ip-am-c-\m-im G-Xv h-j-am-Wv F-kv-F-Un-]n tbm-Kw {]-knUm-b-Xv- 1923
10294. Nm-hd
- b
-
- s
- `u-Xn-Im-hi
- n-jvS- w F-hn-sS-bm-Wv kq-n-n-cn-p-Xv- am-m-\w
10295. {Z-ho-Un-b k-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS B-m-\w- Ip-w
10296. a-\p-jy-i-co-c-n-se G--hpw `m-cw Ip-d- F-v- t-n-kv
10297. cm-Py-m-Zy-am-bn \n-ba
- k
- `- b
-
v- p-n em-]tv- Sm-pw sF-]m-Upw
D-]t- bm-Kn-m A-\p-aX
- n \-In-bX
- v G-Xv kw-m-\
- m-WvtI-cf
- w
10298. _r-l-Zo-iz-c t-{Xw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--X-m-hq
10299. `-Xr-l-cn Kp-l-I F-hn-sS-bm-Wv -D--bn-\n
B
10339. `q-a[
- y-tc-Jb
- v
- v k-ao-]a
- p- tem {]-j s_-p-If
- p-sS t]-cvtUm-{Uw-kv
10340. `-Kh
- X
- K
v- o-X G-Xn-s `m-Ka
- m-Wv- a-lm-`m-cX
- w
10341. `m-c-Xo-b hn-Zym `-h ayq-kn-bw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--D--bn-\n
10342. 1933 tIm-{K-kv {]-kn-Um-b h-\n-X- s\-n- sk Kp-]X
v10343. B-sc k--in--ti-j-am-Wv {io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp ap-\n-N-cy-]-Iw c-Nn-X
- v- c-aW
- a-l-jn
10344. P-e-k-l-I-c-W h-j-am-bn B-N-cn--Xv-2013
10345. G-sXm-s \-Zn-I-fn-se P-ew ]-p-h-bv-m-\m-Wv C-y-bpw t\m-fpw X-n [m-c-W-bp--Xv- tIm-kn, K--Iv
10346. ssN-\-bp-sS B-Zy-s _-ln-cm-Im-i k-m-cn- en-bp b-Mv
10347. a-e-bm-fw k-h-I-em-im-e B-cp-sS t]-cn \m-a-I-c-Ww sN-bvXn-cn-p-X
- v- Xp-
- v cm-am-\p-P F-gp-
-
10348. tI-cf
-
- n tk-h\
- A-hI
- m-i\
- n-ba
- w \n-eh
- n h- Xo-bX
- n-
2012 \-hw-_ 1
10349. cm-Py-s B-Zy-s in-]-\-K-c-am-bn 2012 Pq-Wn {]-Jym]n--s- \-K-cw- tIm-gn-tm-Sv
10350. `q-Im-WvT
- n B-lm-cw ti-Jc
- n-p-hb
-
v- p- kp-K
- h
- y-RP
v- \w-a
-
10351. {]-[m-\ t\-Xm- A-d-n-em-b-Xn-\m A-cp-W A-k-^v Aen,P-b{- ]-Im-iv \m-cm-b,A-Nyp-Xv ]-Sh
v- -[ Xp-S
- n-bh
- t\Xr-Xzw \-In-bX
- v G-Xv k-ac
-
- n-\m-Wv- I
- zn-n-ym-ka
- c
- w
10352. {]-ik
- vX
- Im-q-Wn-v tb-ip-Zm-k G-Xv ]-{X-n-em-Wv h-c
- ncp-X
- v- a-eb
- m-f a-t\m-ca
10353. `o-a G-Xv Ir-Xn-bn-se I-Ym-]m-{X-am-Wv- a-lm-`m-cX
- w
10354. `m-K-ho-\n-e-bw F- kn-\n-a-bv-v B-[m-c-am-b \o-e-sh-fn-w
F- I-Y F-gp-Xn-bX
- m-cv- s
- sh-w ap-l
- Z- v _-jo
10355. {]-i-kv-X t\m-h-en-v B-X sI-v-e G-Xp cm-Py-m-Wv P\n-X
- v- l
- w-Kd
- n
10356. {]m-No-\ C-y-bn-se G-Xv km-ln-Xy-Im-cs
- kva
- c
- W
- m-Ya
- m-Wv
a-[y-{]-tZ-iv k-m D--bn-\n-bn A-m-Z-an m-]n-n-p-Xv Im-fn-Zm-k
10357. `-Kh
- m Ir-jvW
- P-\n- -ew-a
- Y
- p-c
10358. `m-cX
- o-b P-\X
- m-]m-n-bp-sS Xn-cs
- -Sp-v Nn-w-X
- m-ac
10359. 1923- a-v-en-]--W-n B-{ _m-v m-]n--Xm-cv--]-m-`n
ko-Xm-cm-a
10360. 1935se C-ym- K-h-sa v- \n-b-aw- ]m-km-n-b-Xv-G-Xv ssht{km-bn-bp-sS Im-e-m-Wv--hn-n-Mv-S- {]-`p
10361. `q-he
- vI
-
- n G-h
- pw Ip-Sp-Xe
- p- B-s
- se F-v sa--Im-kyw
10362. {io-\m-cm-bW
- K
- p-cp-hn-s B-Zy-s bq-tdm-]y in-jy- G-Wv In-Iv
10363. B-cp-sS _m-ey-Im-e\
- m-aa
- m-Wv Ip-am-cp- Ip-am-c\
- m-im
10364. G- X v \- t hm- m- \ \m- b - I - s a- I - \ m- W v \- S - c m- P - K p- c p tUm.]-]p
10365. a-e_
- m-dn I-jI
- k
- w-Lw cq-]h
- X
- vI
- c
- n-p-X
- n-\v {]-tNm-Z\
- w
\-In-b \-thm-m-\ \m-b-I- hm-Kv-`-Sm-\-
10366. 1929- ]m-km-n-b im-cZ- m- B-ISv- {v- ]-Im-cw- s]-Ip-n-If
- p-sS-bpwB-Ip-n-If
- p-sS-bpw- hn-hm-l{- ]m-bw- b-Ym-{I-aw- 14B-bpw- 18 Bbpw- D-b-n-bX
- v G-Xv ssh-t{km-bn-bp-sS Im-e
- m-Wv- C
- -hn{]-`p
10367. 1924 {io-\m-cm-bW
- K
- p-cp k-ha
- X
- k-t-f\
- w hn-fn-p-tN-Xv F-hn-sS-bm-Wv -B-ep-h
10368. `m-c-Xv sl-hn C-e-Iv-{Sn--kv en-an--Un-s B-m-\w--_mw-Kvfq
10369. {In-kv-Xp-a-Xw I-gn-m tem-I-n-se h-en-b a-Xw--C-mw aXw
10370. {]m-No-\ Im-e-v am-h ]oT-`q-an-bp-sS cm-jv-{So-b--kmw-kv-Im-cnI X-e-m-\-am-bn-cp- \-K-cw -- -D--bn-\n
10371. 1945 H-Iv-tSm-_ 24\v \n-e-hn-h- kw-L-S-\-tb-X-v- -sF-Iy-cmjv-{S k-`
10372. P-hm-l-em s\-{lp D-]m-[y--\m-bn(ssh-kv {]-kn-U v)
1946 sk-]v-Xw-_ c-n-\v C-S-m-e k-m A-[n-Im-c-nh--k-a-b-s ssh-t{km-bn--th-h {]-`p
10373. ss_-_n B-Zy-am-bn hn-h--\w sN--s- sX-n-y `m-
j -Xa
- n-gv
10374. an-a B-cw-`n- h-jw- 1980
10375. tI-cf
-
- n-se `-cW
- `- m-j G-Xm-Wv- a
- e
- b
- m-fw
10376. ssSw am-K-kn-s I-h-dn Nn-{Xw A--Sn--s- c-m-a-s Cy A-`n-t\-Xm-hv- sF-iz-cy dm-bn
10377. sX-t A-ta-cn--bn-se G-I tIm-a-sh-v cm-Py-ta-Xv -Kbm-\
10378. sU-dm-Uq-Wn-se C-y C-n-yq-v Hm-^v dn-tam-v sk-knwKv m-]n-n-cn-p--Xv G-Xv cm-Py-n-s k-l-I-c-W-tm-sSbm-Wv- s\-X-e-Uvk
- v
10379. tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy-s {In--v -v F-hn-sS-bm-Wv m-]n-s-X
- v- X
- e
- t- -cn
10380. 1946 Hm-K-kv-Xv 16\v {]-Xy- k-a-c-Zn-\w B-N-cn-m B-lzm\w sN-bv-X t\-Xm-hv--ap-l--Z-en Pn-
10381. {]m-No-\-Im-e-v l-bm-Iv-m F--dn-b-s-n-cp- cm-Pyw-A-ta-\n-b
10382. {_-{- io {io-\m-cm-bW
- K
- p-cp-hn-s Po-hN
- c
- n-{X-kw-{K-lw c-Nn-Xv- Ip-am-c\
- m-im
10383. tIm-g-t-cn {]-kw-K tI-kn kn.tI-i-h-\p-th-n hm-Zn- A`n-`m-jI
- - Sn.Fw.h-Ko-kv
10384. B-cn-\n-m-Wv N--n kzm-an-I lT-tbm-Kw kzm-b--am-nb-Xv- ssX-m-Sv A-
10385. k-o-]-\n a-l-jn-bp-sS-Io-gn {io-Ir-jv-W hn-Zy A-`y-kn-
-ew--D--bn-\n
10386. N--n-kzm-an-I-fp-sS \n-cym-W-n A-\p-tim-Nn-p-sIm-v kam-[n k--]w c-Nn--Xv- ]-Wv-Un-v I-dp-
10387. ln-p-cm-PI
- p-am-cn-bp-am-bn hn-hm-l_
-
-
- n-te-s- B-Zy-s
U-ln kp-m- A-em-hp-o Jn-Pn
10388. A-h-b-hw am-n-h-bv- i-kv-{X-{In-b-bp-sS ]n-Xm-hv- tPm-k-^v
a-td
10389. C-y thym-a-bm-cw-Kw tZ-i-km-Xv-I-cn- h-jw- 1953
10390. {]-Im-ik
- w-t-jW
-
- n t\-cn-v ]-s-Sp-p- hn-m-an-h
- n-man sI
10391. tZ-io-b N-e-n-{X A-hm-Up-I G-s-Sp-n-b-Xv G-Xv h-jam-Wv 1954
10392. Uo-tKm a-d-tUm-W-bp-sS P--tZ-iw--A-Po-\
10393. hn-tZ-iv k-m \n-Kw en-an--Uv m-]n-X-am-b h-jw-1986
10394. ssZ-h-I-Ww F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- ln-Kv-kv t_m-tkm
10395. t{Im-an-b-n-s A-Wp-kw-Jy-24
10396. t{K am- G-Xv A-hb
- h
-
- n-s `m-Ka
- m-Wv- a
- k
- vX
- n-jvI
- w
10397. tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy-s Xq-p-]m-ew \n-an--sX-hn-sS-bm-Wv-]p-\e
- q
10398. ta-cn A-tm-Wn-v h-[n-s
- -X
- v G-Xp hn-h
- s
- -p-S-m-Wv-{^-p-hn-h
- w
10399. ta-Lm-eb
- b
- n-se {]-[m-\a
- X
- t- a-Xv -{In-kvX
- p-aX
- w
10400. {]-Ir-Xn H-cn--epw A-Xn-s\ kv-t\-ln-p- lr-Z-b-s N-Xnp-I-bn- F-p ]-d--Xm-cv -hn-eyw th-Uv-kv-h-v
10401. {]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS tSm-Wn-Iv F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp-X
- v G-Xn-s ]-ga
- m-Wv- hm-g
10402. {]m-W-\m-Y-s\-\n-p \-In-b ]-c-am-\--c-k-s... F-p Xp-Sp- irw-Km-cK
- m-\w F-gp-Xn-bX
- m-cv- C-cb
- n- X-n
10403. {io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- B-ep-h-bn- A-ssZz-Xm-{i-aw- m-]n- hj-ta-X- v- 1914
10404. {]-Xyp-]m-Z-\-hy-h--bp-sS kp-K-a-am-b {]-h--\-n-\v AXy-m-t]-n-X-am-b hn-m-an-t\-Xm-Wv- -hn-m-an C
10405. {^-v Hm- G-Xv I-fn-bp-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p--sS-okv
10406. {_-ko-en-se {]-[m-\ a-Xw--{In-kv-Xp-a-Xw
10407. G-Xv sXm-gn-en-em-Wv a--v ]-Zv-a-\m-` Hu-tZym-Kn-I Po-hn-Xw
B-cw-`n--Xv- A-[ym-]-\w
10408. k tam-dn-kv Kz-b X-m-dm-n-b-Xv G-Xv \n-b-a-n-s I-c-SmWv-1935-se K-h-sa v Hm-^v C-y B-Iv-Sv
10409. Xp-h-b-]-n m-]n--Xv- A-m ssh-Ip-WvT
10410. Hm-tcm ]-n-sm--hpw H-cp ]-n-q-Sw F- B-i-bw-ap-tmp-h
- km-aq-ln-I ]-cn-jvI
- -m-hv- Nm-hd
- b
-
-
10411. Ip-am-cK
- p-cp-tZ-h F-d- n-bs
- - km-aq-ln-I ]-cn-jI
-v -m-h-v s]mbv-I-bn A--
10412. H-c--ew \-in-m A-{X-bpw A--hn-izm-kw \-in-pw F-
hn-hm-Z-{]-kv-Xm-h-\ \-S-n-b t\-Xm-hv- kn.tI-i-h
10413. C-\n \-ap-v A-e
-
- -p Xo sIm-fp-mw F- e-Lp-te-Jbp-am-bn _--s- km-aq-ln-I ]-cn-jv-I-m-hv- hn.Sn.`--Xn-cnm-Sv
10414. tZ-io-bm-Sn-m-\-n hn-am-\-k-ho-kv B-cw-`n- B-Zy kzIm-cy I--\n- Cu-v sh-v F-b-sse-kv
10415. ss]-e
- v sse-k-kv e-`n- B-Zy C-y h-\n-X- D
- u-an-f sI.]co-Jv
10416. sIm-n t]m-v {S-n-s B-Zy sN-b-am- ]n.B.kp-{_-aWy
10417. {_n-o-jn-y-bn-se {]-hn-iy-I-fn 1937 Xn-c-s-Sp-v \-Sn-b-Xv G-Xp \n-b-aw {]-Im-c-am-Wv-1935-se K-h-sa v Hm^v C-y B-Iv-Sv
10418. {_n-o-jv `-cW
- I
- m-e
- v a-{Zm-kv K-h-Wd
- p-sS th-\-m-e h-kXn F-hn-sS-bm-bn-cp-p--Du-n
10419. {^m-kn-s Hu-tZym-Kn-I `m-j--{^-v
10420. 1946 sk-]v-Xw-_ c-n-\v A-[n-Im-c-n-h- C-S-m-e km-cn-s A-[y--\m-bn-cp--Xv -th-h {]-`p
10421. 1951 Xn-cp-sIm-n ap-Jy-a-{n-bm-b-Xm-cv--kn.tI-i-h
10422. {In-an-b G-Xv cm-Py-n-s `m-K-am-bncpp--D-{I-bn
10423. {In-kX
v- p-aX
- w Hu-tZym-Kn-I a-Xa
- m-bn kzo-Ic
- n- tem-I
- n-se BZy-s cm-Pyw--A-ta-\n-b
10424. {_n-W
- n I-k-th-o-hv ]m-n t\-Xm-hv N-n-en-s `-cW
- w
A-h-km-\n-p-I-bpw Xn-c-s-Sp-n `q-cn-]-w t\-Sn te-_
]m-n t\-Xm-hv -a v B-ve
- n {]-[m-\a
- {- n-bm-Ip-Ib
- pw sN-bvX
- tm C-y-bn ssh-t{km-bn-bm-bn-cp--Xv -th-h {]-`p
10425. {In-]v-kv an-j ]-cm-P-b-s--Xn-s\-p-S-v tIm-{K-kv Bhn-jvI
- c
- n- k-ac
- w-I
- zn-n-ym-ka
- c
- w
10426. {_n-o-jv C-y-bn-se {]-hn-iy-I-fn Zzn-`-c-Ww A-h-km-\n-n-
\n-b-a-\n-am-W-ta-Xv-1935-se K-h-sa v Hm-^v C-y B-Iv-Sv
10427. {_n-o-jv km-{am-Py k-m-cn-s ssI-k C ln-v _-lp-a-Xn
t\-Sn-b B-Zy Nn-{X-Im-c--cm-Pm c-hn-h-a
10428. 1906-se tIm-{K-kv k-t-f-\-n Zm-Zm-`m-bv \-h-tdm-Pn-bpsS sk-{I--dn-bm-bn-cp--Xm-cv--ap-l--Z-en Pn-
10429. tI-c-f-n-se G--hpw sX-t-b--s Xp-d-ap-Jw--hn-gn-w
10430. th-Z- c-Nn--s- `m-j--kw-kv-Ir-Xw
10431. tem-I-hym-]m-c kw-L-S-\-bp-sS cq-]-h-Xv-I-c-W-n-\v \n-Zm-\-amb a-c-t-jv D-S--Sn G-Xp cm-Py-p-h-m-Wv H-n--Xv--sam-tdmtm
10432. tI-c-f-n G--hpw Iq-Sp-X k-m-\-p-I-bp- km-ln-Xy]p-ck
- vI
- m-c
- f
- n-sem-v G-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-p- ]-{X-ta-Xm-Wv- am-Xr-`q-an
10433. a-\p-jy-i-co-c-n k-t_-Wn-\v Im-c-W-am-b In-c-W--
A-{Sm h-b-e-v
10434. C-y-bn hn-F-kv-F-F h-gn C-s\-v kw-hn-[m-\w \n-ehn-h- h-jw-1995
10435. \-Iv-k {]-m-\-s A-a- sN-m C-ym K-h-sa v
B-cw-`n- ssk-\n-I \-S-]-Sn--Hm--td-j {Ko l-v
10436. hn-Zy-bp-sS D-]-{K-lw F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- F-Uyp-km-v
10437. 1959 C-y cm-j{v- So-bm-`b
- w \-In-b Sn-_
- t\-Xm-hv- Z- s
- seem-a
10438. {^m-kn-s tZ-io-b Im-bn-I hn-t\m-Zw--sS-o-kv
10439. {_n-o-jv C-y-bn {]-hn-iym kz-bw-`-c-Ww hn-`m-h-\w sN-bv-X
\n-ba
- \n-am-Wt- a-Xv 1935-se K-h-sa v Hm-^v C-y B-IvS- v
10440. 1919-se K-h.Hm-^v C-y B-Iv-Sn-s Ip-d-hv ]-cn-l-cn-m {_no-jv ]m-e-sa v 1935 ]m-km-n-b \n-b-a-ta-Xv-1935-se Kh-sa v Hm-^v C-y B-Iv-Sv
10441. {In-]v-kv an-j C-y-bn h--tm ssh-t{km-bn--en--en-XvtKm- {]-`p10442. {In-kX
v- p-aX
- w m-]n-X
- m-cv- t- b-ip {In-kX
v- p
10443. {io-\m-cm-bW
- K
- p-cp F-hn-sS-bm-Wv A-ssZz-Xm-{i-aw m-]n-X
- v- B-ep-h
10444. {]-_p--tI-c-fw F- {]-kn-o-I-c-Ww B-cw-`n--Xv- B-K-am-\-
10483. ]-g
-
- n-s Im-cy-n c-mw m-\
- p- a-eb
- m-f ]-{Xw a-eb
- m-f a-t\m-ca
10484. ]m-fb
- w-tIm-S G-Xn-s C-\a
- m-Wv- h
- m-g
10485. ]m-Wv-U-h-cp-sS A-m-X-hm-k-m-e-v h-e-e F- ]m-NI-m-c\
- m-bn th-jw am-dn-bX
- m-cv- `
- o-a
10486. k- p- t e- j - \ n c- mw m- \ - p- a- e - b m- f - ] - { Xw-am-Xr-`q-an
10487. {io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp B-sc-bm-Wv 1925 ]n-Km-an-bm-bn \n-tin--Xv- t_m-[m-\-
10488. B-cp-sS A-y-hn-{i-a -ea
- m-Wv Ip-am-ct- Im-Sn- Ip-am-c\
- m-im
10489. {io-\m-cm-bW
- K
- p-cp-hn-s Z-i\
- h
- pw B-ib
-
- f
- pw ]m-m-Xy-temI-v {]-Nc
- n-n-X
- v- \-Sc
- m-PK
- p-cp
10490. {In-
- v am-v \-S
- p-tm ^o-Un F-{X A-b
- -am Dm-bn-cn-pw- 2
10491. tem-I-dm-nw-Kn H-mw m-\-s-n-b B-Zy C-y B: Zo-]n-I Ip-am-cn
10492. tem-Iv-k-`-bn-se B-Zy-s A-\u-tZym-Kn-I {]-Xn-]- t\-Xmhv F.sI.tKm-]m-e
10493. tem-Mv am-v \-bn-X
- m-cv- a
- m-thm tk-Xp-Mv
10494. th-Uv ^p-Uv ss{]-kv t\-Sn-b C-y-m-c--Fw.F-kv.kzm-an\m-Y
10495. th-e-I-fn-bp-am-bn _--s- t-{Xw G-Xm-Wv -A--e-p-g
10496. k-ap-{Z-]T-\--m-bn C-y hn-t-]n- D-]-{K-lw- Hm-jykm-v
10497. Xm-Pv-a-l tem-I-ss]-Xr-I--n-I-bn-en-Sw ]n-Sn- h-jw-1983
10498. \n-cR
- vP
- \
- b
- p-sS Nn-ck
- va
- c
- W
- G-Xv k-ac
- s
- B-kv]
- Z- a
- m-n-bp t\m-h-em-Wv- I-q k-a-cw
10499. A-bn-tm-m-S-\-n-s\-Xn-sc \-S- t]m-cm--n k-a-c-tk\m-\n F.Pn.th-em-bp-[ c--km-n-bm-b-Xv GXv k-Xym-{Kl-hp-am-bn _--s-m-Wv ]m-enbw
10500. Hm-a
-
- c
- a
- m-b am-ct- m-Wn-\v Hu-tZym-Kn-Ia
- m-bn Aw-Ko-Ic
- n- Zqcw-26 ssa 385 hm-c
10501. A-ar-Xc
- m-Pv k-tlm-Zc
- -am G-Xv I-fn-bp-am-bn _-s
- -n-cn-pp- sS-o-kv
10502. H-n-n-Sn-m- ]m-{X--fn ]q-in-bn-cn-p- ]-Zm-Yw- sS-^vtfm
10503. sF.Sn.hn-h
- w \-S
- m-m cm-Po-hv Km-n-sb k-lm-bn- sS-Ivt\m-{Im-v- kmw ]n-t{Sm-U
10504. ]n-F \m-cm-bW
- ]
- n- c-Nn- Nn-{X-sa-gp-v tIm-bn-
- p-cm
B-cp-sS Po-hN
- c
- n-{X-am-Wv -cm-Pm c-hn-h-a
10505. ]o-n-kv dn--n-Iv Hm-^v ssN-\-bp-sS B-Zy sN-b-am--amthm tk-Xp-Mv
10506. ]p-\-cp--cn--s- \m-f- k-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS {]-Y-a Nm-ke-A
- a
- -Xym sk
10507. ]q-h th-Z-Im-e-L--n-ep-m-bn-cp- G-I th-Zw--E-tKz-Zw
10508. ]p-cm-W
- f
- n-se iq-ct- k-\ cm-Py-n-s X-e
m-\w-a
- Y
- p-c
10509. 1937 B-Kk
- X
v- v 29\v C.hn.Ir-jW
v- ]
- n-b
- p-sS ]-{Xm-[n-]X
- y-n
B-cw-`n- hm-cn-I- a-e-bm-f a-t\m-c-a
10510. _o-P-kw-tbm-Kw \-S-m-sX A-Wv-Uw h-f-v Po-hn-bm-bn am-dp {]-Xn-`m-kw- A-\n-tj-I P-\-\w
10511. h-\-hn-kv-Xr-Xn G--hpw Iq-Sp-X-ep- G-jy cm-Pyw- ssN-\
10512. ssl-sS-Iv hy-hk
- m-b
- f
- p-sS tem-I X-e
m-\w- km-{^mkn-kvt- Im
10513. ]m-WU
v- y-cm-Ph
- w-i
- n-s X-e
- m-\a
- m-bn-cp-X
- v- a
- [
- p-c
10514. ]n-m- hn-`m-K-n-\n-v ap-Jy-a-{n-m-\-s-n-b BZy a-e-bm-fn (Xn-cp-sIm-n-bn)-kn.tI-i-h
10515. ]n-m-e-v A-ta-cn--bn-te-v Ip-Sn-tb-dn-b, ssl-{U-P
t_mw-_n-s D-]-m-Xm-hm-b F-tUz-Uv sS- (19082003)
G-Xv cm-Py-m-Wv P-\n--Xv -lw-K-dn
10516. 1940 am-v- 23\v- em-tlm-dn-tN- ap-nw-eo-Kv- hm-jn-Ik
- t- f-\w {]-tXy-I ap-nw- cm-jv{- Sw- D-b
- n-v- {]-ta-bw- ]m-m-n-bX
- v
G-Xv ssh-t{km-bn-bp-sS Im-e-m-Wv -en--en-Xv-tKm- {]-`p10517. a-[y-{]-tZ-in Ipw-`-ta-f \-S-p- -ew--D--bn-\n
10518. \o-eK
- n-cn-bn \m-cm-bW
- K
- p-cp-Ip-ew m-]n-X
- m-cv- \-Sc
- m-PK
- p-cp
10519. G-Xv tIm-{K-kv k-t-f\
-
- n-em-Wv Sn.sI.am-[h
- h-w kXym-{K-lw kw-_-n- {]-ta-bw A-h-X-cn-n--Xv- Im-n-\-U
10520. {io-\m-cm-bW
- K
- p-cp-hn-s\ c-mw _p- F-p hn-ti-jn-n-X
- v Pn.i-c
-
- p-dp-v
10521. a-
- v ]-Zva
- \
- m-`s
- B-I
- Y
- - F
- s
- Po-hn-X kva
- c
- W
- I
-
10522. in-h-Kn-cn Xo-Ym-S-\-n-\v t]m-Ip--h-v a- h-kv-{Xw \nt-in-X
- v- {- io-\m-cm-bW
- K
- p-cp
10523. 1833-se Nm- B-IvS- v {]-Im-cw cq-]h
- X
- vI
- r-Xa
- m-b tem I-n-js A-[y--\m-bn-cp--Xv- sa-m-sf
10524. tbm-K-v \n-am-W
- n-\v k-lm-bI
- a
- m-b kq-va
- P
- o-hn-_
- m-IvS- ocn-b
10525. te-Iv F-p t]-cp- I-d-kn-bp-am-bn _--s- cm-Pyw--At_-\n-b
10526. tI-c-f-n U-p-sIm-m-cw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--a-m-t-cn
10527. tem-I
- v G-h
- pw Iq-Sp-X hn-izm-kn-If
- p- a-Xt- a-Xv- {- In-kvX
- pa-Xw
10528. I-m-n--ip-No-{w k-a-c- F-p-am-bn _--s-n-cn-pp--A-bn-tm-m-S-\w
10529. Z-n-tW-y-bn B-Zy-am-bn I-m-Sn {]-Xn-jvT \-S-n-b-Xv-
ssh-Ip-WvTk
- zm-an-I
10530. tI-cf
-
- n-se {]m-No-\ Xp-da
- p-Ja
- m-b ]-e
- m-b\
- n G-Xv Pn-b
- n
n-Xn-sN-p-p- tIm-gn-tm-Sv
10531. tIm- sF-e v F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw--ssk-{]-kv
10532. tI-c-f-n-se G--hpw \o-fw Iq-Sn-b Im-b--th--\m-Sv
10533. tIm-{K-kn-s-bpw- tlmw-dq-- eo-Kn-s-bpw- t\-Xr-Xz-n- ae-_m-dn-se B-Zy-s cm-jv-{So-b k-t-f-\w- ]m-e-m-v- \-S-
h-jw-1916
10534. ImTva
- W
- vTp G-Xv \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c
- m-Wv- _m-Kva
- X
- n
10535. ]n-Un-F^
- n-s ]q-Wc
- q-]w- t]m-_
- n tUm-Iyp-sa v t^mam-v
10536. sF-_n-F-n-s ]q-W-cq-]w- C-\m-j-W _n-kn-\-kv sajo
10537. a-[y-{]-tZ-in-se G--hpw h-en-b \-K-cw--C-tUm
10538. a-[y-bq-tdm-n-se G--hpw h-en-b X-Sm-I-am-b _-em-tSm G-Xv
cm-Py-m-Wv- l
- w-Kd
- n
10539. G-Xv K-h-W P-\-d-en-s Im-e-m-Wv s]m-eo-kv A-[n-Im-c sk-an-m-am-cn-\n-v am-n Pn-m X-e-n s]m-en-kv
kq-{]-n-\v ssI-am-dn-b-Xv- tIm-hm-en-kv
10540. tZ-io-b {]-m-\-n-s Pn-lz-sb- \n-e-bn tZ-im-`n-am-\nI tN-v 1923 B-cw-`n- ]-{Xw-a
- m-Xr-`q-an
10541. _w-Km-fn-se, ]-c-am-[n-Im-c-ap- A-h-km-\-s \-hm-_v- kn-dmPv D-Zv Zu-f
10542. tIm-{K-kv {]-kn-Um-bn-cp- P-hm-l-em s\-{lp 1929 Unkw-_ 31\v C-y-bp-sS ]-Xm-I D-b-n-b-Xv G-Xv \-Zn-bp-sS
Xo-c
- m-bn-cp-p-c
- h
- n \-Zn
10543. C-y-bn G-Xv [-\-Im-cy m-]-\-am-Wv hm-bv-]--]-Ww {]-Zm\-s \n-b-{n-p--Xv- dn-k-hv _m-v
10544. \n-`-b ]--Xn-bp-sS e-yw- kv-{Xo-kp-c-n-X-Xzw
10545. X-]m h-Ip-v t{]m-P-Iv-Sv B-tcm \-S-n-em-n-b h-jw- 2008
10546. tZ-io-b A-t\z-j-W G-P-kn-bp-sS B-m-\w- \yq-U-ln
10547. 1976 A--cn- ssN-\o-kv `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn--am-thm tk-Xp-Mv
10548. A-ap F-X
- v F-n-s Np-cp-c
- q-]a
- m-Wv- B-\
- v an-v bqWn-b en-an--Uv
10549. A-Pn-tb-gv-kv G-Xv cm-Py-n-s X-e-m-\-am-Wv--A-Po-cnb
10550. A-v-emn-kv Nm- G-Xv kw-L-S-\-bp-sS cq-]-h-Xv-I-c-W-hp-ambn _--s-n-cn-p-p---sF-Iy-cm-jv-{S k-`
10551. a-bp-J
- n-bn-\n-v am-\y-tJ-X
- n-te-v cm-jv{- S-Iq-Sc
- p-sS Bm-\w am-n-b cm-Pm-hv- A
- t- am-Lh
- -j
10552. a-\p-jy-s h-Ip-S-en A-[n-h-kn-v hn-m-an _n \n-am-Wn-\v k-lm-bn-p- C tIm-fn F- kq-v-a-Po-hn G-Xv hn-`mK-n-s-Sp-p--_m-Iv-So-cn-b
10553. A-n-tdm Ip-d-tkm-h G-Xp ta-J-e-bn-em-Wv {]-kn-n t\-Sn-b-Xv
-kn-\n-a
10554. a-\p-jy-s D-Z-c-n-ep- G-X-h-b-h-n-s `m-K-am-Wv tIm-Iv-kv -hr-
10555. A--tIm-hn-em G-Xn-s t]m-jI
- \
- Z- n-bm-Wv- ]
-
10556. A--Im-fn- {io-aq-ew- {]-Pm-k-`-bn- B-Zy-am-bn Aw-K-am-b-Xv
G-Xv h-ja
- m-Wv- 1910
10557. a-cm-a I-sh-j \-S
- p-X
- v G-Xv \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c
- m-Wv-]-
10558. A-d-v sN--s- hy-n-sb F-{X a-Wn-q-dn-\p-n A-Spp- a-Pn-kv-t{S-n-\p-ap-n lm-P-cm--Ww-24
10559. a-dmTn t\m-h-en-v c-Rv-Pn-Xv tZ-im-bn G-Xv tI-c-fo-b Nn-{X-Im-cs Po-hn-Xw B-[m-c-am-n-bm-Wv t\m-h c-Nn-n-p--Xv--cm-Pm
c-hn-h-a
10560. A-dt- m-v kz-cq-]w F-d
- n-bs
- -n-cp- \m-p-cm-Pyw-h
-
- p-h\
- mSv
10561. a-eb
- m-f a-t\m-ca
- Zn-\]
- {- X-am-bX
- v G-Xv h-jw ap-Xe
- m-Wv- 1928
10562. 197980 Im-e-b-f-hn tI-{ Ir-jn-a-{n-bm-bn-cp--Xv--Fw.Fkv.kzm-an-\m-Y
10563. a- ap-- F- I-Ym-]m-{Xw B-cp-sS kr-jv-Sn-bm-Wv--sshw ap-l
- Z- v _-jo
10564. A-an-X sIm-f-kv-t{Sm G-X-h-b-h-n-s {]-h--\-s-bmWv _m-[n-p-X
- v- l
- r-Zb
- w
10565. A-an-Xm-`v _- ]m-e-san-te-v Xn-c-s-Sp--s- a-Wv-Uew- A-e-l-_m-Zv
10566. a-[y-{]-tZ-iv tm-v F-Iv-kv-tN-n-s B-m-\w--C-tUm
10567. a-e_
- m I-em-]w ]-m-e
- a
- m-n Ip-am-c\
- m-im c-Nn- Ir-Xn Zp-ch
-
10568. am--dn-s Xp-S--n-te-v I-gv-k N-en-n-p--Xn-\p- Io-
tlmw
10569. Io-t_m-Un-s C-S-Xp-h-i-s B-Zy-s Io- F-kv-tI-v
10570. hn-tUm-kv hn-I-kn-n-s-Sp- I--\n- ssa-t{Im-tkm-^v-v
10571. H-cp In-tem ss_-v F-{X ss_-m-Wv- 1024
10572. B-Zy-s tam-Uw hn-I-kn-n-s-Sp--Xv- s_ I--\n
10573. a-eb
- m-f`
- m-jb
- n-se B-Zy-s im-kv{- Xo-b \n-L
- p X-m-dm-nb-Xm-cv(1872)-s
- l-a Kp--v
10574. A-In-tbm sam-dn- Xp-S-n-b P-m-\o-kv I--\n- tkm-Wn
10575. A-Iv-_ N-{I-h-n 1575 C-_-Z-v Jm-\ ]-Wn-I-gn-n--Xv
F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--^-t-]q kn-{In
10576. A-Izm-tkm F F- hym-]m-c-\m-a-n e-`n-p--Xv G-Xv
hn-m-an-\m-Wv -hn-m-an F
10577. a-Kk
-v t- k A-hm-Uv t\-Sn-b c-m-as
- a-eb
- m-fn-F
- w.F-k.v kzman-\m-Y
10578. a-eb
- m-f
- n-s kvt- Im-v F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp-X
- m-cv- k
- n.hn.cm-a-]n
10579. a-lm-`m-cX
-
- n-s B-m-hv F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp-X
- v -`K
- h
- X
- vK
- o-X
10580. B-Zy-s K-h-W P-\-d-em-b hm-d tl-nw-Kv-kn-\v ti-jw
20am-kw B-Iv-Snw-Kv K-h-W P-\-d-em-b-Xv B-cv- tPm a-Ivt^-gvk
-
10581. 1765 A-e-l-_m-Zv D-S--Sn-bn tdm-_-v ss-hn-s\m-w Hp-sh--Xv- jm B-ew c-m-a
10582. C-ym-N-cn-{X-n 1757 Pq 23-s {]m-[m-\yw- m-kn bpw
10583. ]-cn-n-Xn kw-c--W-hp-am-bn _--s- ssk-e v kv-{]nw-Kv
F- ]p-kvX
- I
- w c-Nn-X
- m-cv- sd-bv
- Im-gvk
-
10584. jn-]v-In-e Np-cw G-Xv kw-m-\-m-Wv- ln-am-N {]-tZ-iv
10585. G-Xv h-j-s hn-Zym-`ym-k I-o-j-\m-Wv 10+2+3 ]m-t in]m-i sN-bvX
- X
- v- 1968
10586. tem-I e-l-cn hn-cp- Zn-\w- Pq 26
10587. sb-te-\ C-kn-_-tb-h G-Xv Im-bn-I C-\-hp-am-bn _--sn-cn-p-p- t]m-hm-v
10588. \-tc-{-a-Wv-U-ew Hu-]-Nm-cn-I-am-bn D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sN--s- hjw-1921
10589. {_n-o-jv ]m-e-sa v 1858-se K-h.Hm-^v C-y B-Iv-Sv ]m-kmn-bt- m {]-[m-\a
- {- n-bm-bn-cp-X
- -v F-tUz-Uv kva
- n-v men
10590. K- ]m-n-bp-sS m-]-I {]-kn-U v- tkm-l-knw-Kv `-Iv-\
10591. a-lm-`m-c-X-n-se `o-jv-a ]-h-n-s `m-K-am-b hn-ip--{K-ta-X-v `- K
- h
- X
- K
-v o-X
10592. a-lm-cm-jv{- S-bn-se ]q-s\-bn tKm-]m-eI
- r-jvW
- tKm-Js
- e-bp-sS
t\-Xr-Xz-n tlmw dq {]-m-\w B-cw-`n- h-jw-1916
10593. a-lm-I-hn D-p F-kv.]-c-ta-iz-c- P-\n- (1877) -ew--N-
-\m-t-cn
10594. a-lm-Im-te-iz-c t-{Xw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--D--bn-\n
10595. A-ta-cn- km-ln-Xy-n-s ]n-Xm-hv F-v hn-eyw t^m-Iv-\
hn-ti-jn-n-X
- m-sc-bm-Wv- a
- m-v Sz-bn
10596. A-ta-cn- kw-m-\-v K-h-W-dm-b B-Zy C-y hw-i-P \n-n lm-en
10597. a-lm-m-Km-n t\-Xm-hm-bn-cn-s \-S
- k-ac
-
- f
- n G-h
- pw
A-{I-am-k
- a
- m-bX
- v G-Xm-bn-cp-p-I
- zn-n-ym-ka
- c
- w
10598. a-lm-m-Km-n-bp-sS "b-Mv C-y'bp-sS am-Xr-I-bn B-cw-`n ]-{Xw-a
- m-Xr-`q-an
10599. a-eb
- m-f-n-se B-Zy-s \n-i-_v-Z N-e-n-{X-am-b "hn-K-X-Ip-amc'- Xn-cp-h\
-
- ]
- p-c
- v- Iym-]n- Xn-tb-d
- n {]-Z-i\
-
- n-s\n-b-Xv G-Xv h-j-am-Wv-1928
10600. a-Kv-Z-e-\ a-dn-b-s I-s-dn-bm Xp-\n--h-tcm-Sv, ]m-]w sNm--h B-Zyw I-s-dn-bp-I F-p \n-t-in--Xm-cv -tb-ip
{In-kX
-v p
10601. A-l
- m-ca
- p-n-S
- v ssZ-ha
- n-, ssZ-ha
- p-n-S
- v A-l
- m-ca
- n-
F-p ]-d
X
- v- I
- _
- o
10602. a-e-bm-f-cm-Pyw (1869) B-cp-sS Ir-Xn-bm-Wv--sl-a Kp--v
10603. A-ta-cn--bp-sS \m-j-W lyp-am-\n-o-kv sa-U-en-\v A-l-\mb A-ta-cn--m-c-\-m- B-Zy hy-n--A-a-Xym sk
10604. tem-I-k-am-[m-\-n-s {]-Xo-I-am-bn ]m-tm ]n-m-tkm h-c ]-n--{]m-hv
10605. tI-cf
- Iu-ap-Zn m-]I
- kn.hn.Ip-p-cm-as
- Pm-am-Xm-hm-bncp- km-aq-ln-I ]-cn-jI
v- -m-hv- k
- n.tI-ih
-
10606. C-y-bn {^-p-Im-cp-sS G--hpw h-en-b sk-n-sam-bn-cp-Xv- t]m-n-t-cn
10607. 1915 C-y hn-a-kv A-tkm-kn-tb-j m-]n-X
- v- tUmtdm-n Zn-\-cm-P-Zm-k
10608. C-y-bn B-Zy-am-bn h-Ip-p kw-hn-[m-\w B-hn-jv-I-cn--Xv-
Im-\nw-Kv {]-`p
10609. {]-km `m-c-Xn \n-e-hn h- h-jw-1997
10610. C-y-bp-sS B-Zy-s `q-J-Wv-Um--c _m-en-kv-n-Iv an-ssk A-n-5
10611. hn--h-n-s ip-{I-\--{Xw F-v Ip-am-c-\m-im-s\ hn-e-bn-cpn-b km-ln-Xy \n-cq-]-I- tPm-k-^v ap--t-cn
10612. A-ta-cn-b
- p-sS cm-jv{- S-]n-Xm-hv- t- Pm-Pv hm-jnw-KvS-
10613. ]-Xn-t\-gmw-hb
-
- n-\p-ti-jw hn-Zym-`ym-kw-t\-Sm-\m-cw-`n- \-thmm-\ \m-bI
- -h
- n.Sn.`-X
- n-cn-m-Sv
10614. G-Xv h-ja
- m-bn-cp-p hn.Sn.`-X
- n-cn-m-Sn-s bm-N\
- m-bm-{X- 1931
10615. km-[p-P-\-]-cn-]m-e-\ kw-L-n-s ap-J-]-{X-am-bn 1913 Bcw-`n--Xv- km-[p-P-\-]-cn-]m-en-\n
10616. kn.Un.bp-sS ]q-W-cq-]w- tImw-]m-Iv-Sv Un-kv-Iv
10617. I-W
- p-Iq-p-X
- n-\p- G-h
- pw ]-g
- a
- p- D-]I
- c
- W
- w- A-_m-kv
10618. bp.]n.F-kn-s ]q-W-cq-]w- A-C-d-]v--Uv ]-h k-ss
10619. G-h
- pw km-[m-cW
- a
- m-b C-]p-v D-]I
- c
- W
- w- Io-t_m-Uv
10620. A-ta-cn-b
- p-sS X-e
- m-\w B-cp-sS kva
- c
- W
- m-Yw \m-aI
- c
- W
- w
sN-bvX
- n-cn-p-p-t- Pm-Pv hm-jnw-KvS-
10621. am-n-\ lnw-Kn-kv G-Xv I-fn-bp-am-bn _-s
- -n-cn-p-p-s
- S-okv
10622. am-h ]oT-`q-an-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b \-K-cw--C-tUm
10623. am-Kw I-fn G-Xp a-X-hp-am-bn _--s- I-em-cq-]-am-Wv--{In-kvXp-aX
- w
10624. am-am--k-a-b-v km-aq-Xn-cn-sb h-[n-m Nm-th-dp-I-sf A-bn-cp-X
- v F-hn-Sp-s cm-Pm-hm-Wv- h
-
- p-h\
- m-Sv
10625. am-en-Iv _n Zn-\m tI-cf
-
- c
- b
- n {]-Nc
- n-n- a-Xt- a-Xv- C
-
- mw
a-Xw
10626. 1983 C-n-cm-Km-n F-hn-sS-bm-Wv `m-c-Xv am-Xm t-{Xw D-ZvLm-S-\w sN-bv-X-Xv--l-cn-Zzm
10627. a-[y-Im-e bq-tdm-n C-y Ip-p-aw F-d
- n-bs
- -n-cp- kpK-h
- y-RvP
- \
- w-a
-
10628. A-[ym-c
- m-am-bW
- w c-Nn-X
- m-cv- F
- g
- p-
-
10629. a-\p-jy-ic
- o-c
- n F-hn-sS-bm-Wv em-d
- sh-{Sn-n-kv ImW-s-Sp-X
- v- a
- k
- X
v- n-jI
v- w
10630. a-\p-jy-s ]n-Xm-hm-Wv in-ip F-p ]-d
X
- m-cv -hn-eyw th-Uv-
kvh
- -v
10631. a- Xn-e-Iw F-v A-dn-b-s--Xm-cv--Fw-Pn-B
10632. 1971 a-Kk
v- t- k A-hm-Uv t\-Sn-b C-y-m-c-F
- w.F-kv.kzman-\m-Y
10633. tem-Iv-k-`-bn kz-w _-Uv-P-v A-h-X-cn-n-p- G-I s]mXp-ta-J-em m-]-\w- C-y sd-bn-th-bv-kv
10634. th-Z--fn a-g-bp-sS-bpw C-Sn-an--en-s-bpw tZ-h--C-{
10635. tI-{ {]-Xn-tcm-[-a-{n-bm-b B-Zy a-e-bm-fn--hn.sI. Ir-jv-W-tat\m
10636. tI-cf
- I-em-aW
- vU
- e
- w G-Xv I-em-cq-]
- n-s ]-cn-t]m-jW
- h
- p-ambn-m-Wv ap-Jy-am-bpw _-s
- -n-cn-p-X
- v- I
- Y
- I
- f
- n
10637. d-kq ]q-p-n-v Hm-kv-I A-hm-Uv t\-Sn-sm-Sp- Nn-{Xw-
w-tUm-Kv an-ey-W
10638. Hm-kv-I t\-Sn-b B-Zy a-e-bm-fn- d-kq ]q-p-n
10639. ]-
- d
- n-I ap-dn-X
- n-\p-ti-jw I-gp-Ic
- p-Xv F-p ]-db
- p-X
- v Fp-sIm-v- Po-hI
- w \-jvS- s
- -Sp-X
- v H-gn-hm-m
10640. G-Xv ssh-t{km-bp-sS Im-e-m-Wv m-n-n- k-th Hm-^v
C-y m-]n-X-am-b-Xv- ta-tbm
10641. tI-{-a-{n-bm-b c-m-a-s a-e-bm-fn (195762)-hn.sI. Ir-jvW-ta-t\m
10642. tI-c-f-n-se sa- F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- s]m-m-\n
10643. hn-h-c ssI-am--n Pn-]n-B-F-kv F--Xv- P-\-d ]m--v
td-Un-tbm k-ho-kv
10644. ta-cn tImw G-Xv Im-bn-I C-\h
- p-am-bn _-s
- -n-cn-p-p- t_mIvk
- nw-Kv
10645. `m-c-X-c-Xv-\w _-lp-a-Xn G-s-Sp-n-b h-j-ta-Xv 1954
10646. D-c-K--fp-sS hn-k-Py h-kv-Xp- bq-dn-Iv B-kn-Uv
10647. 1975- t]m-p-K-en-\n-v kzm-X-{yw t\-Sn-b B-{^n-
cm-Pyw-A
- w-tKm-f
10648. B-\--Pm-Xn F- B-i-b-n-s D-]-m-Xm-hv- {_-m-\-in-h-tbm-Kn
10649. {io-\m-cm-bW
- K
- p-cp-hn-s B-tm-]t- Z-ii
- X
- I
- w Cw-Kf
v- o-jn-te-v
]-cn-`m-js
- -Sp-n-bX
- v- \-Sc
- m-PK
- p-cp
10650. ssX-m-Sv A- P-\n- -ew- \-I-e-]p-cw
10651. au-kv I-p-]n-Sn-X
- m-cv- U-k
- v F--_-v
10652. Io-t_m-Un-se G--hpw \o-fw Iq-Sn-b Io- kv-t]-kv _m
10653. Iw-]yq- N-cn-{X-n A-mw X-e-ap-d B-cw-`n--sX-v- 1980
10654. Fw- F - k v th- U v hn- I - k n- n- s - S p- I- - \ n- ssa- t {Im
tkm-^
v- v
10655. te-k {]n B-Zy-am-bn A-h-X-cn-n--Xv- sF-_n-Fw
10656. 1986 B-W-h-Zp-c-w \-S- sN-tWm-_n G-Xv cm-Py-mWv--D-{I-bn
10657. A-p-sX-n tIm- \n-an-m {_n-o-jp-Im-v A-\p-a-Xn
\-In-b-Xv F-hn-Sp-s dm-Wn-bm-Wv- -B-n-
10658. A-e
-
- p-g cm-Pm-hn-s B-{in-X\
- m-bn-cn-p-Ib
- pw ]n-m-e
- v
am-m-Wv-U-h-a-bp-sS-bpw [-a-cm-Pm-hn-s-bpw k-Z-ky-\m-IpI-bpw sN-bv-X I-hn--Ip- \-ym
10659. A-h-n cm-Py-n-s X-e-m-\-am-bn-cp--Xv--D--bn-\n
10660. a-lm-m-Km-n-bp-sS Po-hN
- c
- n-{Xw C-y-bn-se {]m-tZ-in-I`
- m-jI-fn G-Xn-em-Wv B-Zyw A--Sn--s--Xv--a-e-bm-fw
10661. a-lm-m-Km-n-sb-p-dn-v a-eb
- m-f
- n B-Zy-am-bn H-cp {K-w
"tam-l-Zm-kv Km-n'- kz-tZ-im-`n-am-\n cm-aI
- r-jW
v- ]
- n- c-Nn-
h-jw-1913
10662. A-ep-an-\n-bh
- pw C-cp-pw I-gn-m `q-he
- I
v-
- n G-h
- pw IpSp-X-ep- tem-lw--Im-kyw
10663. A- F- kw-L-S-\ G-Xp ta-J-e-bp-am-bn _--s-n-cn-pp -kn-\n-a
10664. am-en-Zzo-]n-se a-X-ta-Xv--C-mw a-Xw
10665. 2012 \-hw-_-dn \n-a t-v ]-Z-hn e-`n- B-Zy ta-P kwm-\w tI-c-fw (BZy-s- ssa-\ kw-m\w knnw)
10666. 2013 G-Xv sXn-y `m-j-bv-m-Wv t{i-jvT-`m-jm ]-Z-hn
e-`n-X
- v- a
- e
- b
- m-fw
10667. A-n-I-fp-sS B-tcm-Ky-n-\v A-Xy-m-t]-n-X-am-b hn-m-ant\-Xv--hn-m-an Un
10668. p-p-m-b
-v v H-cm-t\-m-p F- I-Y F-gp-Xn-bX
- m-c-v s
- sh-w
ap-l
- Z- v _-jo
10669. ap a-[y-`m-cX
- v kw-m-\
- n-s io-XI
- m-e X-e
m-\w-K
- zm-fntbm
10670. ap- D-]-cm-jv-{S-]-Xn-sb ]-cm-P-b-s-Sp-n- {]-kn-U-dm-b G-Ihy-Iv-Xn--{]-Xn-`m ]m-o
10671. tb-ip-{In-kvX
- p G-Xv a-X
- n-em-Wv P-\n-X
- v -Pq-Xa
- X
- w
10672. 1870 C-y dn-t^mw A-tkm-kn-tb-j m-]n--Xv- tIi-h N-{ sk
10673. ]vf
- m-kn {_n-o-jv km-{am-Py-n-\v A-Sn--d-bn-p. A-ar- AXv C-f-n-bn-cn-p-p- F-v Pmen-b hm-em-_m-Kv Zpc--ns ]-m--e-n ]-d--Xm-cv Km-nPn
10674. C-y-bn-te-p- hm-Wn-Py-km-[y-XI
- I-s-n ]m-m-Xytem-I-v {i-t-b-\m-b k-m-cn- en-tjm-
10675. Nm-WI
- w, P-p-hn-k-Py-,]-
- d
- n-If
- p-sS A-hi
- n-jvS-
-
F-n-h-bn-\n-v \n-an-m I-gn-bp- C--\w- _-tbmKym-kv
10676. sS-en-tImw sd-Kp-te--dn A-tXm-cn-n Hm-^v C-y \n-e-hn h-
h-jw-1997
10677. tIm-{K-kv- c-m-w- \n-b-a-ew-L-\ {]-m-\w- B-cw-`n--tm
(1932) ssh-t{km-bn-bm-bn-cp--Xv--hn-n-Mv-S- {]-`p
10678. tI-cf
-
- n F-hn-sS-bm-Wv am-m-WvU
- h
- -a
- m-ew-B
- e
- p-h
10679. tKm-h-bn-se {]-i-kv-X ]m-\o-b-am-b s^-n G-Xn-\n-m-Wv
D-]m-Zn-n-p-X
- v -Ii
- p-h
- n
10680. ap-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq cm-Py-s G--hpw \o-fw-Iq-Sn-b \-Zn-s]cn-bm
10681. ap-
- q Nq-Sn-b \m-b h-\n-X F- s]-bnnw-Kv h-c
- X
- m-cv- c
- m-Pm
c-hn-h-a
10682. am-n-f I-em-] k-a-b-s (1921) ssh-t{km-bn -do-Un-Mv- {]-`p10683. 2006 G-Xv Nn-{X-Im-c-s \q-dmw N-c-a hm-jn-I-am-Wv B-N-cn-Xv -cm-Pm c-hn-h-a
10684. \m-b `r-Xy-P-\-kw-Lw F- t]-cp \n-t-in--Xv- sI.I-
ta-t\m
10685. Kp-cp-hm-bq k-Xym-{K-l I-n-n-bp-sS A-[y--\m-bn-cp--Xv- a-v ]-Zva
- \
- m-`
10686. Iw-]yq--dn-s `u-Xn-I D-]-I-c-W--pw A-\p-_- km-a-{KnI-pw s]m-Xp-hm-bp- t]-cv- lm-Uv-sh-b
10687. Iw-]yq--dn ssS-v sN-p-tm A-Sp- A--cw F-hn-sS-bmWv ]-Xn-bm-t]m-Ip-s
- X-v kq-Nn-n-p- am-- I-gvk
-
10688. kv-t]-kv Io-bp-sS t\-tc hn-]-co-X-am-b Io- _m-v kv-t]-kv
10689. {Km-^n-Ik
-v pw hn-hc
-
- f
- pw e-`y-am-p- ho-Un-tbm kv{- Io- tamWn-
10690. 26 cm-Py- H-p-sh- sF-Iy-cm-jv{- S {]-Jym-]\
- w G-Xv kw-LS-\b
- p-sS cq-]h
- X
- I
-v c
- W
- h
- p-am-bn _-s
- -n-cn-p-p--s
- F-Iy-cm-j-v
{S k-`
10691. am-m-WU
v- h
- -a A-a- sN-bX
v- F-p-ho-n ]n-a
- m-cp-sS Bm-s
- f B-hm-ln-v _-n-n-cn-p-X
- n-\m Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq
cm-Pm--am ({io-aq-ew Xn-cp-\m-hs
- c) Im-ep-Ip-m- -eam-bn-cp-X
- v- N
-
- \
- m-t-cn
10692. A-ta-cn--bn-se {]-[m-\ a-Xw--{In-kv-Xp-a-Xw
10693. A-tm-Wn-tbm {Kmw-jn-sb D-t-in-v "Cu X-e-tm-dn-s\ C-cp-]Xp-h-j-t-v {]-h-n-m-Xm--Ww' F-p ]-d--Xm-cv--s_-\n-tm ap-tm-fn-\n
10694. A-tm-Wn-tbm A-K-n-tm s\-tm G-Xv cm-Py-m-Wv kzmX-{y {]-m-\w \-bn--Xv--Aw-tKm-f
10695. am-n-\ \-h-c-n-tem-h G-Xv I-fn-bp-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p-sS-o-kv
10696. B.H.Fw. F--Xn-s ]q-W-cq-]w- do-Uv H-en sa--dn
10697. a-eb
- m-f
- n-se c-m-as
- N-e
- n-{X-am-b am-m-WU
v- h
- -a ]pd-p-h- h-jw-1931
10698. ap-
- q-sm-Sn G-p-In-S
- pw I-n-\p-ap-m-sam-cp ku-c`- yw F-p
]m-Sn-b-Xv
10699. C-y \m-j-W tIm-{K-kn-s B-Zy-s 20 h-j-n\p-n aq-p {]m-h-iyw {]-kn-Um-b t\-Xm-hv- Zm-Zm-`m-bv \h-tdm-Pn
10700. tI-cf
- t-v ^m-anw-Kv tIm-t- d-js
- B-m-\w-]
- p-\e
- q
10701. sIm-n ]p-e-b a-lm-P-\-k-` D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sN--s- h-jw-1913
10702. tI-c-f N-cn-{X-n sX-pw-Iq F--dn-b-s-n-cp- {]-tZ-iw--
N-\
- m-t-cn
10703. ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zn-se \n-kmw `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sS kz-Im-cy tk\-bp-sS t]-sc-m-bn-cp-p- d-km-
10704. tI-c-f t-v sse-{_-dn Iu-kn-en-s Xp-S-w Ip-dn- ]n.sI.
sa-tm-dn-b {K--im-e- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--A--e-p-g
10705. tKm-h-bp-sS hn-tam-N-\-s s]m-eo-kv B- F-p hn-tijn-n-X
- m-cv- h
- n.sI. Ir-jW
v- t- a-t\m
10706. tI-c-f-n-em-Zy-am-bn jo--Sm-Iv-kn kw-hn-[m-\w G-s-Sp-n-b
\-Kc
- w- Xn-cp-h\
-
- ]
- p-cw
10707. tem-I-n-se G--hpw h-en-b cm-Pym--c kw-L-S-\-- -sF-Iy-cmjv-{S k-`
10708. kz-tZ-im-`n-am-\n cm-aI
- r-jvW
- ]
- n-b
- p-sS i-hI
- p-So-cw F-hn-sS-bmWv- ]-m--ew
10709. C-tUm--Sn-_- t_m-U t]m-eo-kv cq-]w sIm- h-jw1962
10710. \-Iv-k-sse-p-I-sf t\-cn-Sm cq-]w \-In-b tIm-{_ t^m-gv-kns B-m-\w- \yq-U-ln
10711. Po-hn-X
- m-X B-cp-sS B-I
- Y
- b
- m-Wv- s
- N-dp-Im-Sv
10712. Im-I-Zr-jv-Sn F- Im-q ]w-n-bp-sS c-N-bn-Xm-hv- tKm-]oIr-jW
-v
10713. cm-km-bp-[ \n-tcm-[-\ kw-L-S-\-bp-sS B-m-\w- tl-Kv
10714. ^m-v Sm-Iv-kv G-s-Sp-n-b B-Zy-s cm-Pyw- sU-am-v
10715. tKm-hn- aq-m-a-s\-p-S-v A-[n-Im-c-ta- cm-jv-{S-Iq-S-cm-Pmhv- A
- t- am-Lh
- -j
10716. tkm-hn-b-v bq-Wn-b-s B-m-\wv-- -tam-kv-tIm
10717. tI-cf
-
- n-se G-h
- pw h-en-b sd-bn-th Pw-Kvj
- -s
- jm-Wq
10718. Xm-sk kw-Ko-Xv k-am-tcm-lv F-hn-sS-bm-Wv \-S
- p-X
- v- K
- zmfn-tbm
10719. t{K-v eo-]v t^m-th-Uv ]--Xn \-bn--Xm-cv--am-thm tk-Xp-Mv
10720. t{Smw-s_ A-tm-an-Iv dn-k-v F-m-n-jv-sa v B-cp-sS kv-a-cWm-Yw \m-a-I-c-Ww sN--s-n-cn-p-p--tlm-an sP.`m-`
10721. tkm-hn-b-v bq-Wn-b-s eq-W Zu-Xy-n F-{X hm-l-\--fmWv hn-t-]n--Xv-24
10722. kv-s]-jy s{]m-- {Kq-v cq-]w-sIm- h-jw-1985
10723. _n-m-cn in-em-im-k-\-hp-am-bn _--s- Kp-]v-X-cm-Pm-hv- kvI-K
- p-]X
-v
10724. t_m-U sk-Iyq-cn-n t^m-gv-kv cq-]w-sIm- h-jw-1965
10725. B-\-sb C-y-bp-sS tZ-io-b ss]-Xr-I ar-K-am-bn {]-Jym-]n-
h-jw 2010
10726. Ku-Uc
- m-Pm-hm-b i-im-s
- \ ]-cm-Pb
- s
- -Sp-n-b ]q-jy-`q-Xn hwi-n-se cm-Pm-hv- l-j
10727. C-y B-W-thm-P-h-Ip-v \n-e-hn h- h-jw 1954
10728. cp-{Zmw-_ G-Xv hw-i-n-se cm-n-bm-bn-cp-p- Im-I-Xo-b
10729. Un-^-kv dn-k-v B v sU-h-e-]v-sa v Hm-K-ss\-tk-j
m-]n-X-am-b h-jw-1958
10730. tIm-a-sh-v cm-Py--fn-se G--hpw Iq-Sp-X ]-g--ap-
Pq-X--n F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--a-m-t-cn
10731. tKm-hn-v km-K dn-k-thm-b G-Xv \-Zn-bn-em-Wv cq-]w-sIm-ncn-p-X
- v- k
- X
- e
v- P
- v
10732. tIm-{K-kv t\-Xr-Xz-tm-Sv B-tem-Nn-m-sX c-mw tem-I-alm-bp-
- n C-y-sb-bpw k-Jy-I
- n-bm-bn {]-Jym-]n-X
- n
{]-Xn-tj-[n-v {]-hn-iy a-{n-k`
- I
- cm-Pn-h
- t- m ssh-t{kmbn-bm-bn-cp--Xv -en--en-Xv-tKm- {]-`p10733. tIm-Sm-IvS- v {]-{In-bb
- n-eq-sS D-]m-Zn-n-p- B-kn-Uv- k
- ^yq-cn-Iv B-kn-Uv
10734. tKm-fZ- o-]n-I G-Xv hn-jb
-
- n-se ]p-kvX
- I
- a
- m-Wv- K
- W
- n-Xw
10735. tIm-{K-kv A-[y-\
- m-b c-m-as
- hn-tZ-in-B
- -{^-Uv sh_v (1889)
10736. tIw-{_n-Uv-Pv k-h-I-em-im-e-bn sF-k-Iv \yq- ]Tn-n-ncp- hn-jb
- w-K
- W
- n-Xw
10737. tj-hnw-Kv an-d G-Xv X-cw Z-W
- a
- m-Wv -tIm-tI-hv an-d
10738. tKm-U kvs
- s]-kv F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp-X
- v- a
-
-Xv- 50
10925. bq-tdm-n(sa-bn-em-Uv)am-{X-am-bn n-Xn-sN-p- G-h
- pw
h-en-b cm-Pyw--D-{I-bn
10926. B-t_ ]p-c-kv-Im-cw G-Xv hn-j-b-n-em-Wv \-Ip--Xv -KWn-Xw
10927. Bw- \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-s cm-Py-X-e-m-\w--Bw--Umw
10928. B-Zy-s th-Zw--E-tKz-Zw
10929. C-^v F- ]p-kvX
- I
- w F-gp-Xn-bX
- m-cm-Wv- d
- p-Uvb
- m-Uv In-nw-Kv
10930. C-y kz-X{- -am-b ti-jw G-Xv hn-jb
-
- n-em-Wv H-cp C-y
hw-i-P-\v B-Zy-am-bn s\m-t_ k-m-\w e-`n--Xv -- -ssh-Zy-imkv{- Xw
10931. C-y \m-jW
- tIm-{K-kn-s Hu-tZym-Kn-I N-cn-{X-Im-c-]- m-`n ko-Xm-cm-a
10932. tUm.Aw-t_-Zv-I, hn.Un.k-hm-, ap-l--Zv A-en Pn- Fn-h \n-l
- I-cn- k-ac
- t- a-Xv- I
- zn-n-ym-ka
- c
- w
10933. tUm.F-kv N-{-ti-J tPym-Xn-im-k{-v X-kw-_
- a
- m-b sh-
- p kn-m-w (N-{-ti-J ]-cn-[n) A-hX
- c
- n-n- h-jw)1931
10934. X-an-gv\
- m-Sv K-h-Wd
- p-sS th-\-m-e cm-Pv`
- h
- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- Du-n
10935. k-Rv-Po-h-\n F- hm-cn-I {]-kn-o-I-cn-v kz-tZ-in {]-m-\s t{]m-m-ln-n-X
- m-cv- Ir-jvW
- I
- p-am an-{X
10936. I-m-w B-h-W K-th-j-W tI-{w m-]n-X-am-b h-jw--
1971
10937. Izn-n-y F- {]-tbm-Kw Km-n-Pn-bp-sS ]-cn-K-W-\-bv-v k-an--Xv- bq-k-^v sa-lv-d-en
10938. Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn {Km-a]
-
- m-b
- p-I \n-eh
- n-h
- h-jw1925
10939. X-an-gv a-ln-f-bp-sS kw-Ko-Xm-em-]w F- Nn-{Xw h-c--Xm-cv -cmPm c-hn-h-a
10940. Xn-c-s-Sp-n G--hpw Iq-Sp-X `q-cn-]-w t\-Sn tem-Iv-k`mw-K-am-b tIm-{K-kv {]-kn-Um-Wv -]n.hn. \cknw-l-dmhp
10941. 1964-66 se hn-Zym-`ym-k I-o-j-s sN-b-am B-cm-bn-cp-p-
tUm.Un.F-kv.tIm-m-cn
10942. kn-h ^n-jv F- Po-hn G-Xv hn-`m-K-n D-s-Sp-p j-Uv-]-Zw
10943. D--c sd-bn-th-bp-sS B-m-\w- \yq-U-ln
10944. Hm-Un-v _yq-tdm Hm-^v k-p-te-j m-]n-Xa
- m-b h-jw-1948
10945. Z {_-tZ-gk
v- v Im-ca
- t- km-hv F- Ir-Xn B-cm-sW-gp-Xn-bX
- v- t- ^ymZ Z-kv-X-tb-hv-kv-In
10946. Z-n-Wm-{^n-b
- n-se, Km-n-Pn-bp-sS {]-hm-kP
- o-hn-X
- n-\v Xnc-o-e ho-W h-jw 1914
10947. Zp-tcym-[\
- s
- \ h-[n-X
- m-cv- `
- o-a
10948. Z sU-k--Uv hn-t-Pv B-cp-sS Ir-Xn-bm-Wv -H-fn-h tKm-Uvkva
- n-v
10949. Z-n-tW-y-bn-se A-tim-I F--dn-b-s--Xm-cv -A-tam-Lh-j
10950. X-\n-v-ti-jw B-Zn-{K--s Kp-cp-hm-bn I-W-m-m \nt-in-X
- m-cv- t- Km-_n-v kn-Mv
10951. Z-n-tW-y-bn-se B-Zy-s aq-I N-e-n-{X-am-b Io-N-I-h-[w
(1918) G-Xv `m-j-bn-se B-Zy Nn-{X-am-bn ]-cn-K-Wn--s-Sp-p-X-an-gv
10952. Z-n-tW-jy-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b sXm-gn-Zm-Xm-hv- C-y
sd-bn-th-bv-kv
10953. Zo-]m-h-en {]-Jym-]-\-ap-am-bn _--s- ssh-t{km-bn--C-hn{]-`p
10954. Pm-J-Wv-Un-s X-e-m-\-am-b dm-n G-Xv \-Zo-Xo-c-m-Wv-
kp-h-Wt- c-J
10955. ]p-gp-p-t- ]m-In-kvX
- m -CX
- p-]d
-
X
- m-cv- P
- n-
10956. H-cm F-s
- \ a-cn-W
- s
- a-v a-sm-cm-v Xo-cp-am-\n-m Ign-bm- tem-Iw D-m-I-Ww--C-{]-Im-cw ]-d--Xm-cv- am-n
eq-X In-Mv
10957. X--fp-sS cm-Py-s tNm-tkm F-p hn-fn-p--Xv G-Xv cmPy-m-cm-Wv -D--c sIm-dn-b
10958. X-an-gv k-hI
- e
- m-im-eb
- p-sS B-m-\w-X
-
- m-hq
10959. C-y ]u-c-\m-b H-cm-v G-Xv hn-j-b-n-em-Wv B-Zy-am-bn
s\m-t_ k-m-\w e-`n--Xv--km-ln-Xyw
11032. ap-Jy-hn-hc
- m-hI
- m-i I-o-jW
- d
- m-b B-Zy h-\n-X- Zo-]I
- v k-p
11033. Zm-Zm-km-tl-_v ^m-s A-hm-Uv G-Xp ta-J-e-bp-am-bn _-s-n-cn-p-p -kn-\n-a
11034. Zo-]k
- vX
- w-`w a-lm-c
- yw \-ap-pw In-W
- w ]-Ww F-p ]m-Sn-bXv- I
- p- \-ym
11035. Zp-J:sh-n-bm-gvN
- G-Xp a-Xh
- p-am-bn _-s
- -n-cn-p-p-{- In-kvXp-aX
- w
11036. Z-n-W `m-Ko-c-Yn F--dn-b-s-Sp- \-Zn-tb-Xv--]-
11037. H-t-Im tIm-Sn a-e-bm-fn-I F- ]p-kv-X-I-sa-gp-Xn-b-Xv-
C.Fw.F-k.v
11038. tI-cf
- e-fn-XI
- e
- m A-m-Za
- n-bp-sS B-Zy-s sN-b-am-F
- w.cma-h-ac
- m-P
11039. C-Sn-an--ep-m-Ip-tm P-\--n-I hn-d-sIm-p--Xv GXv {]-Xn-`m-kw aq-ea
- m-Wv- A
- \
- p-cW
- \
- w
11040. ]-w Xm-Wp-]n- Xn-cp-s
- Im-n-bn ap-Jy-a{- n-bm-b h-jw 1954
11041. im-c-Z B-Iv-Sv G-Xp-am-bn _--s- \n-b-a-am-Wv- _m-ey-hn-hmlw
11042. sd-bn-th-bp-sS {]-h--\w kw-_-n-v \n-t-i- k-an-m tXm-a-kv tdm-_-v-k I-n-j-s\ \n-tbm-Kn- ssht{km-bn--I-gv-k {]-`p
11043. Km-n-Pn kn-hn B-m-ew-L\
- {]-m-\w B-cw-`n-t- m
ssh-t{km-bn-bm-bn-cp--Xv--C-hn- {]-`p
11044. Km-kn-q-cn A-c
- n-p-Ib
- pw Kw-Km-Xo-c
- v A-y-hn-{i-aw-sImp-I-bpw sN-p- K-h-W P-\-d--tIm-hm-en-kv {]-`p-
11045. ]-\n-bpw X-e-th-Z-\-bp-am-bn B-ip-]-{Xn-bn-se-n-b \m-ep h-bp- an-\n-v Ip-d
- p-Zn-hk
-
- -p-ti-jw ssI-Im-ep-I-v Xf--bpw Xp-S-v Im-ep-I-v ssh-I-ey-hpw kw-`-hn-p-I-bpw
sN-bv-Xp. an-\n-v ]n-Sn-s]- tcm-Kw F-m-Wv- t]m-fn-tbm
11046. tZ-io-b A-t\z-j-W G-P-kn \n-e-hn h- h-jw--2009
11047. tdm-dnw-Kv t^m-o-kv, ^yq-dn-b-kv ^n-^v-o-kv, kv-{Io-anw-Kv kn-Ivo-kv -\m-hn-I Cu co-Xn-bn hn-ti-jn-n-n-p- hm-XI
-
-
G-Xv- ]-n-a hm-Xw
11048. Iw-]yq- a-Z t_m-Un-s a-sm-cp t]-cv- kn-w t_m-Uv
11049. Xq-hm-\
- p-n-I F- kn-\n-a G-Xv t\m-he
- n-s\ A-Sn-m-\am-n-bp--Xm-Wv- D-Z-I-tm-f
11050. Xn-cp-h\
-
- ]
- p-cw Pn-b
- n kn-hn t-j F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- IpS-\
-
- p-v
11051. tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy h-\n-X ta-b- tl-a-h-Xn Xm-bm-v
11052. k--m-n-s a-sm-cp t]-cv- ]p-p-h-]m-v
11053. tI-cf
- bp-n-hm-Zn kw-L
- n-s B-Zy {]-kn-U -v Fw.kn.tPmk-^v
11054. tUm-Iyp-san-s {]nu-v F-Sp-pw-ap-v A-Xv kv-{Io-\n ImWp--Xn-\p- D-]m-[n- {]n v {]n-hyp
11055. ]n.Un.F. F--Xn-s ]q-W-cq-]w- t]-gv-k-W Un-Pn- Akn- v
11056. G-Xv a-X-am-Wv e--Zzo-]n D-ss_-Zp- {]-N-cn-n--Xv--C-mw
a-Xw
11057. G-Xn-s iz-k-\m-h-b-h-am-Wv _p-v e-Mv-kv--Nn-e-n
11058. G-Xv C-Xn-lm-ka
- m-Wv ap-K N-{I-h-n A-Iv_
- d
- p-sS \n-t-i{]-Im-cw t]-jy-\n-te-v X-Pa
- sN-bvX
- X
- v- a-lm-`m-cX
- w
11059. G-Xv h-j-am-Wv B-_-v sF-o P-\-d Xn-b-dn Hm-^v
dn-te-n-hn-n {]-kn--s-Sp-n-b-Xv-1915
11060. G-Xv hn-{ip-X kw-kvI
- r-X km-ln-Xy-Im-cs
- t]-cn-em-Wv a-[y-{]tZ-iv k-m ]p-c-kv-Im-cw G-s-Sp-n-bn-p--Xv Im-fn-Zmk
11061. tam-{- ]-Zo-]J
- W
- vU
- \
- w c-Nn-X
- v- N-
- n-kzm-an-I
11062. C-y-bn B-Zy-am-b U-_n U- tIm-v L-Sn-n- {S-bn knw-l-K-Uv F-Iv-kv-{]-kv
11063. tI-c-f-n-se G--hpw X-Wp-p-Iq-Sn-b am-k-- Un-kw-_-dpw
P-\p-h-cn-bpw
11064. B-p-ti-j-am-Wv tkm-Wn-bm-Km-n 1998 tIm-{K-kv A[y--]-Z-n-se-n-b-Xv- ko-Xm-dmw tI-k-cn
11065. G-Xv Ir-Xn-v Km-n-Pn c-Nn- hym-Jym-\a
- m-Wv A-\m-k
- n-tbmKw-`- K
- h
- X
- K
-v o-X
11066. G-Xp a-X-m-cm-Wv tem-I-n-s \m-\m-`m-K-t-v Ip-Sn-tb-dpI-bpw 1948 kz-w cm-Pyw \n-e-hn-h--tm `q-cn-]--
11103. k-Z- vL
- S- \
- b
- p-sS G-Xv ta-Je
- b
- n-em-Wv C-jp-d-kv D-s-Sp-X-v X
- r-Xo-b
11104. C-y-bpw ssN-\b
- pw ]-i
- o-e I-cm-dn H-p-sh- h-jw 1954
11105. sh-an-I- G-Xp-am-bn _-s
- -n-cn-p-p-a
-
- n-c
11106. kp-{]ow tIm-S-Xn-v am-{X-am-bn X-]m h-Ip-v ]n-tIm-Uv A\p-h-Zn- h-jw-2013
11107. C-y-bn B-cm-[\
- m-eb
-
- f
- p-sS kw-c
- W
-
- p-aX
- e
- h-ln-p G-P-kn kn.B.]n.F-^v.
11108. Km-n-Pn t\-Xr-Xzw \-In-b A-h-km-\-s P-\-Io-b k-a-cw
Izn-n-ym-ka
- c
- w
11109. G-Xv tI-kn-em-Wv cm-tP-{ em-ln-cn-sb Xq-n-te-n-bX
- -v Im-tmdn tI-kv
11110. em-em e-Pv-]-Xv-dm-bn m-]n- Cw-o-jv ]-{Xw- Z ]o-n
11111. th-Z-Im-e-L--n-se G--hpw {]-[m-\ sXm-gn -Im-en h-f
11112. Nm-Xp-h-Wy-n G-h
- pw Xm-g
v- m-\w B-m-bn-cp-p-iq-{Z
11113. {]-kv {S-v Hm-^v C-y m-]n-X-am-b h-jw-1947
11114. {im-h-W-_-e-tKm-f-bn-se {]-Xn-jvT- _m-lp-_-en
11115. kn.cm-Pt- Km-]m-em-Nm-cn-v B-Zy `m-cX
- c
- X
- \
v- w e-`n- h-jw 1954
11116. hn-{I-am-Zn-Xy k-Z
- n-se \-hc
- X
- \
v-
- f
- n-sem-cm-fm-bn-cp- i-p GXv \n-e-bn \n-]p-W-\m-bn-cp-p- in-]n
11117. G-Xv k-ac
- h
- p-am-bn _-s
- -m-Wv t\-Xm-s
- f P-bn-en-eS- b
-
-v m
{_n-o-jv k-m Hm--td-j X--t_m-v \-S-m-n-b-Xv-Izn-n-ym-ka
- c
- w
11118. C-y kw-m-\
- v ap-Jy-a{- n-bm-b H-cm P-\n-X
- v {io-e
- bn-se Im-Un-bn-em-Wv. B-cv?-Fw-Pn-B
11119. {io-\m-cm-bW
- K
- p-cp-hn-s B-Zy-in-jy- in-he
- nw-KZ- m-kk
- zm-an-I
11120. I-hn-Xn-e-I F- _-lp-a-Xn ]-Wv-Un-v I-dp--\v \-In-b-Xv-
sIm-n-cm-Pm-hv
11121. B-sc {]-Io-n-m-Wv Ip-am-c\
- m-im Zn-hy-tIm-In-ew c-Nn-X
- v a-lm-I-hn Sm-tKm
11122. ssh-tZ-in-I-k-lm-bw-Iq-Sm-sX A-p-Iq-Sw m-]n- B-Zy a-ebm-fn- Nm-h-d-b-
11123. Ir-{Xn-tam-]-{K-l-n-te-v Um- A-b-bv-p- {]-{In-b- A-]ven-v
11124. G--hpw Iq-Sp-X Iw-]yq--dp-I-fn D-]-tbm-Kn-p- X-cw Io
t_m-Uv- sIz-n
11125. t]-gv-k-W Iw-]yq--dn-s ]n-Xm-hv- sl-dn F-tUz-Uv tdm_-Sk
v- v
11126. G-Xv hn--h-s-p-S-m-Wv eq-bn ]-Xn-\m-dm-a h-[n--s-Xv- {- ^-p-hn-h
- w
11127. G-Xv im-kv{- X-im-Jb
- p-sS ]n-Xm-hm-Wv ss]-Yt- Km-dk
- v- K
- W
- n-Xw
11128. G-Xv Ir-jn-v G-h
- pw Iq-Sp-X `o-jW
- n-bm-b Io-Sa
- m-Wv tX-bne sIm-Xp-Iv- I
- i
- p-h
- n
11129. C-y t-{X-in-]-hn-Zy-bp-sS sa---J-Pp-cm-tlm
11130. B-cm-Wv Z A-Uz-t-gv-kv Hm-^v l-n-s_-dn ^n c-Nn--Xv-am-v Sz-bn
11131. B-cm-Wv Zp-m-k-\-s\ h-[n-v ]m-m-en-bp-sS {]-Xn-Pv-R \n-dth-n-bX
- v- `- o-a
11132. sh-_v t]-Pp-I-fp-sS cq-]-I-ev-]-\-bv-v D-]-tbm-Kn-p- `m-j F-v-Sn-Fw-F
11133. kn-m-i
- n-tcm-aW
- n c-Nn-X
- m-cv- `m-kvI
- c
- m-Nm-cy
11134. a--gn-sb {^-p-`-c-W-n-\n-v tam-Nn-n- h-jw
1954
11135. \n-jm-ZN
- c
- n-Xw c-Nn-X
- m-cv- {io-l-j
11136. ln-p-tZ-hX
- b
- p-sS Nn-{Xw B-te-J\
- w sN-bvX
- \m-Wb
- w ]p-d
- nd-n-b B-Zy `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn- ap-l--Zv tKm-dn
11137. G-Xv cm-Py-s cm-n-bm-bn-cp-p dm-Wn ]-Zv-an-\n- Nn-tm
11138. Izn-n-ym {]-m-\
- n ]-s-Sp-c
- p-sX-v P-\
- s
- f B-lzm\w sN-bv-X ln-p-a-lm-k-` t\-Xm-hv--hn.Un.k-hm-
11139. 1902 I-gv-k {]-`p \n-b-an- C-y s]m-eo-kv I-n-j-s
sN-b-am-\m-bn-cp--Xv- B-{Uq t{^-k
11140. bp.F-kv._n.bp-sS ]q-W-cq-]w--bp-Wn-th-gv-k ko-cn-b _kv
11141. B-cp-sS a-I\
- m-Wv L-tSm-N
- -`
- o-a
11366. A-tem-X
- n G-Xv im-kv{- X-n-s im-Jb
- m-W- v- s
- sh-Zy-im-kv{- Xw
11367. au-Kv-fn F- I-Ym-]m-{Xw B-cp-sS kr-jv-Sn-bm-Wv--dp-Uv-bm-Uv
In-nw-Kv
11368. Nu-lm-am-cp-sS B-m-\a
- m-bn-cp- Xm-cm-KV
- v tIm- F-hn-sSbm-Wv- A
- P
- a
v- o
11369. P-\X
- m-]m-n cq-]h
- X
- vI
- c
- n- h-jw 1977
11370. Pm-hn-Iv-7 F--Xv Ir-{Xn-a-am-bn \n-an- G-Xv a-\p-jym-h-b-hn-s t]-cm-Wv--lr-Z-bw
11371. s\-{lp t{Sm-^n h-w-I-fn \-S-p- ]p--a-S-m-b G-Xv Imb-en-s `m-Ka
- m-Wv- t- h-\
- m-Sv
11372. ssh-t{km-bn-bp-sS `-c-W-k-an-Xn-bn- H-cp- km--n-I Im-cymwK-s-q-Sn- D-s-Sp-n-bX
- v B-cp-sS Im-e
- m-Wv- I
- m-\nw-Kv {]`p
11373. s_m-te-tdm \r-w G-Xv cm-Py-t-Xm-Wv- kv-s]-bn
11374. s{]m-
- mn-kw G-Xv a-X
- n-s hn-`m-Ka
- m-Wv- {- In-kvX
- p-aX
- w
11375. s{^-U-dn-Iv Fw-K-kp-am-bn-t-v I-ayp-Wn-v am-\n-s^-tm
F- ]p-kX
v- I
- w F-gp-Xn-bX
- m-cv- I
- m am-Ik
v- v
11376. Pw-Kn _p-v B-cp-sS c-N-\-bm-Wv--dp-Uv-bm-Uv In-nw-Kv
11377. Qm-kn-dm-Wn sIm--s--Xv (1858 Pq 18) F-hn-sS h-m-Wv-Kzm-fn-tbm
11378. Rm 1835 lm-en-tbm-sSm-w h-p, A-Sp--h-jw A-Xv hcp-tm Rm H-w t]m-Ipw. A-m--]-w F-s Po-hn-Xn-se G--hpw h-en-b \n-cm-i A-Xm-bn-cn-pw- F-v ]-d-
km-ln-Xy-Im-c\
- m-cv- a
- m-v Sz-bn
11379. a-Wn-ae
- b
- m G-Xv \-Zn-bn-em-Wv sN-p-tN-cp-X
- v- ]
-
11380. a-X]
- c
- a
- m-b {]-[m-\y-ap- F-SX
- z G-Xv \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c
- m-Wv- ]
-
11381. G-Xh
- b
- h
-
- n-s {]-h-\
- s
- sh-Ie
- y-n-\p ]-cn-lm-ca
- m-bn-mWv U-bm-en-kn-kv \-S-p--Xv--hr-
11382. C-y-bn-se _p--a-X-m-cp-sS sa---t_m-[v-K-b
11383. hn-n-]o-Un-b-bp-sS m-]-I- Pn-n sh-bv-kv
11384. 1940I-fn \m-\m-km-tl-_v cm-a-N-{ ]m-o, {]-Xn k-m
F- t]-cn k-am-c
- k-m m-]n-X
- v F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- alm-cm-j{v- S
11385. t]m-tm t\m-thm bp-Zv-[-n hn-P-bn- {_n-o-jv P-\-d-
A-b Iyq-v
11386. 1719 a-dm--cp-sS k-lm-b-tm-sS ^-dp-Jv-kn-bm-sd h-[n-Xv- k-n-Zv k-tlm-Z-c-am
11387. k-ym-kn hn-]v-f-h-n-s ]-m--ew- _w-Km
11388. cm-kv-Xv tKm-^v-X G-Xv a-X-m-cp-sS D--a-\-n-\m-bn-m-Wv {]h-n--Xv- ]m-gv-kn
11389. l-kv-X-e--W-Zo-]n-I G-Xv I-em-cq-]-hp-am-bn _--s- B-[nIm-cn-I {K-a
- m-Wv -IY
- I
- f
- n
11390. Cu- G-Xp a-X
- m-cp-sS B-tLm-ja
- m-Wv- {- In-kvX
- p-aX
- w
11391. C-\m-jW
- ssd-kv dn-k-v C-n-yq-n-s X-eh
- \
- m-b BZy C-ym-m-c--Fw.F-kv.kzm-an-\m-Y
11392. c-am-Im-v A-Nvt- c- G-Xv {]-ik
- vX
- {In-
- d
- p-sS tIm-m-bn-cpp- k-n sS-Up-
11393. Cu-Pn-]vX
- n-s tZ-io-b ]p-jv]
- w-X
- m-ac
11394. Cw-o-jv Hu-tZym-Kn-I `m-j-bm-b G-I sX-t A-ta-cn- cmPy-ta-Xv- K
- b
- m-\
11395. C-W-sb Xn-p- Po-hn--Nn-e-n
11396. e--Zzo-]v \n-b-{-W-n h-n-cp- tI-c-f-n-se cm-P-hw-ita-Xv- A
- d
- b
- v
-
11397. G-Xh
- b
- h
-
- n-s B-hc
- W
- a
- m-Wv sa-\n-k
- v- a
- k
- vX
- n-jvI
- w
11398. D-]-am-e-m-c {]-tbm-K-n G--hpw {]-K-ev-`-s\-p hn-e-bn-cp-s-Sp-X
- v- Im-fn-Zm-k
11399. D--cm-J-Wv-Un Ipw-`-ta-f \-S-p- -ew--l-cn-Zzm
11400. d-jy \n-ba
- \
- n-am W-k`
- b
- m-b s^-Ud
- A-kw-n-bp-sS Bm-\wv- -tam-ktv- Im
11401. e- G-Xv {]-tZ-i
- v Po-hn-n-cp- km-aq-ln-I ]-cn-jvI
- -m-hmWv- P-p I-iva
- o
11402. _n-v F--Xv F-n-s Np-cp--cq-]-am-Wv- ss_-\-dn Un-Pn-v
11403. lm-^v ss_-v A-dn-b-s-Sp- a-sm-cp-t]-cv \n-_n
11404. th-Uv ssh-Uv sh-_n hn-h-cw Xn-c-bm D-]-tbm-Kn-p--Xv sk-v F-n
11442. {]-hn-iym tIm-{K-kv I-n-n-I `m-jm-Sn-m-\-n ]p-\w-L-Sn-n-m Xo-cp-am-\n- tIm-{K-kv k-t-f-\w- 1920se \m-Kv-]q k-t-f-\w
11443. ]-m-_v \u-P-hm k-`-bp-sS B-Zy sk-{I--dn- `-K-Xv knw-Kv
11444. 1915 ln-p a-lm-k`- cq-]w-sIm-t- m {]-kn-Um-bX
- v- Imknw-_-km-dn-se a-lm-cm-Pm-hv
11445. cm-Pm--am-cn Nn-{X-Im-c, Nn-{X-Im-c-am-cn cm-Pm-hv F-dn-bs
- -X
- m-cv- c
- m-Pm c-hn-h-a
11446. c-mw Im-in F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp-X
- v- c
-
- -KV
- v (cm-P
m)
11447. eo-em {Kq-v Hm-^v tlm--kv m-]I
- - Iym-]v
- Ir-jvW
-
\m-b
11448. F-hn-sS-h-m-Wv s]-cn-bm aw-K-e-p-g, am-m-Wv-U-p-g F-n-s\ c-m-bn ]n-cn-bp--Xv--B-ep-h
11449. Iw-]yq--dn-se ^-Mv-j Io-I-fp-sS F-w- 12
11450. Un-_n-Fw-Fk
- v F-X
- n-s ]q-Wc
- q-]w- Um-m t_-kv am-t\-Pvsa v kn-w
11451. tImw-]m-Iv-Sv Un-kv-In-s ]-c-am-h-[n kw-`-c-W-ti-jn- 700 sa-Kmss_-v
11452. B-Fk
- vF
- k
- n-s B-ib
- {]-Nm-cW
-
- n-\m-bn \- F- eLp-te-J {]-kn-o-Ic
- n-X
- v- Fw.F-kv.tKm-h-
11453. C-y en-_-d s^-U-td-j-s B-Zy {]-kn-Um-bn (1918)
Xn-c-s-Sp--s--Xv- kp-tc-{-\m-Yv _m-\-Pn
11454. Cu-Pn-]v-Xv {]-iv-\-n-s t]-cn cm-Pn-h- ssh-t{km-bn- dn
11455. 1857-se _-td-en I-em-]
- n-\v t\-Xr-Xzw \-In-bX
- v- Jm _lm-Zq
11456. _m-_m cmw knw-Kn-s t\-Xr-Xz-n Ip-m I-em-]w \-S-sX-hn-sS ]-m-_v
11457. F-gp-
- ]p-ck
- I
-v m-ch
- p-am-bn _-s
- - cw-Kt- a-X-v k
- m-ln-Xyw
11458. em-tlm-dn-se \-Zn F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv--c-hn \-Zn
11459. H-mw- tem-I a-lm-bp-w- (191418)- Xp-S-n-b-tm ssh-t{kmbn--lm-Un-v- {]-`p
11460. {_n-o-jp-Im-cpw- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dpw- X-n- 1805se k-_vk
- n-Ud
- nD-S
- S- n H-p-h
- X
- v G-Xv K-h-W P-\d
- e
- n-s Im-e
- m-Wv- sh-n {]-`p
11461. s\-m-dn-s D-Zv-`-hw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- A-K-kv-Xy-a-e
11462. s]-k-l hym-gw G-Xp a-X-m-cp-sS B-tLm-j-am-Wv--{In-kv-Xp-aXw
11463. s-bvk
- v ]m-kvI
- G-Xv cm-Py-m-c\
- m-b K-Wn-X im-kv{- X-\m-Wv- {^m-kv
11464. s]-j ^-v _n ]m-e-sa v ]m-km-n-b h-jw-2013
11465. P-\-Io-b hn--h-n-eq-sS ]p-d-m--s- Cu-Pn-]v-jy {]-knU-Uv- tlm-kv-\n ap-_m-d-Iv
11466. s]-cn-bm Xo-c-s in-h-cm-{Xn-bm-tLm-j-n-s th-Zn--B-eph
11467. s]-cp-S- h
- w {io-[c
- c-Nn- H-cp k-o-\
- w-t]m-se F- t\mh-en I-Ym-]m-{X-am-b d-jy t\m-h-en-v -t^ym-Z Z-kv-X-tbhvk
- I
v- n
11468. sa-{Sn-Iv kw-hn-[m-\-n In-tem F- hm-v kq-Nn-n-p--Xv
F-{X-sIm-v Kp-Wn-W
- w F-m-Wv- 1000
11469. sd-Uv kvI
- z-b G-Xv \-Kc
-
- n-em-W- v- t- am-kvt- Im
11470. eo-Kv Hm-^v t\-j-kn-s ]n-Km-an F-p hn-ti-jn-n--s-Sp {]-m-\w--s
- F-Iy-cm-jv{- S k-`
11471. E-tKz-Z
- n bp-t- Z-h\
- m-bn ]-cm-a-in-s
- -Sp-X
- v B-c-v C
- {-
11472. F-hn-sS-h-m-Wv G--hpw Xm-gv-N-bn H-fn-n-Iv-kv \-S--Xv--Bw-Umw
11473. kp-[m-c-Iv F- ]-{Xw B-cw-`n--Xv- tKm-]m-e Ir-jv-W tKm-Jse
11474. F-k]
-v m-\ F-s-gp-Xn-b m-v G-Xv cm-Py-t-Xm-W-v k
- s
-v ]-bn
11475. G-h
- pw h-en-b Kp-cp-Zzm-c F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- A
- a
- r-Xvk
-
11476. G-Xv a-X-m-cm-Wv A-n-t-{X-n B-cm-[-\ \-S-p--Xv-]m-gvk
- n a-Xw
11477. C-f-b-cm-P G-Xv cw-K-m-Wv {]-kn-- kw-Ko-Xw
11478. F-hn-Sp-s `-cW
- m-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-p sh-m-n-cn-h
-
- p-h\
- m-Sv
11479. C-ym-Nc
- n-{X-n-se {]-ap-J cm-Pm--am-cn G-h
- pw Iq-Sp-XIm-ew `-cW
- w \-S
- n-bX
- v -At- am-Lh
- -j
-
X {]-kn-o-Ic
- n-X
- v- t]-jy
11593. 1875 B-Zy-s B-cy-k-am-Pw m-]n-X-am-b -ew- t_mws_
11594. ]-n-ta-y-bn-se kmw-kv-Im-cn-I \-thm-m-\-n-s ]n-Xm-hv
F-p hn-ti-jn-n--s--Xv- Fw.Pn.dm-\-tU
11595. 1857se hn-]v-f-h-s ]-cn-jv-Ir-X-cpw A-]-cn-jv-Ir-X-cpw X-n-ep kw-L-jw F-p hn-ti-jn-n--Xm-cv- Sn.F-v. tlmw-kv
11596. G-Xn-s {^m-W
- Un-n-te-js
- ^-ea
- m-bn-m-Wv s]-t{Sm,
Uo-k F-n-h e-`n-p--Xv--s]-t{Sm-fn-bw
11597. sh-t k-lm-d-bp-sS X--{]-tZ-i--fp-sS `q-cn-`m-K-hpw \nb-{n-p- cm-Pyw--sam-tdm-tm
11598. sk v ]o-t-gv-kv-_-Kn-se hn--h-k-Jy-n tN--Xn-\p a-cW-in- hn-[n-s
- -s-n-epw A-hk
- m-\\
- n-an-jw in-b
- n Cf-hv e-`n-v ssk-_o-cn-b-bn-te-v \m-Sp-I-S--s- d-jy kmln-Xy-Im-c-t- ^ym-Z Z-kvX
- t- b-hvk
- vI
- n
11599. sIm-n \m-p-cm-Py-s `-cW
- k
- w-hn-[m-\w {I-ao-Ir-Xa
- m-n-b cmPm-hv- i- X-p-cm
11600. sF.sF.Sn-bpw sF.sF.F-pw m-]n-X-am-b B-Zy C-y
\-Kc
- w-C
- -tUm
11601. sIm-w Pn--bn F-hn-sS-bm-Wv {]-i-kv-X-am-b a-lm-K-W-]-Xn
t-{Xw- sIm-m-c--c
11602. sIm-tdm-W-dn t{Xmw-t_m-kn-kv G-Xv A-h-b-h-s-bm-Wv _m[n-p-X
- v- l
- r-Zb
- w
11603. sk-{S ^p-Uv sS-Iv-t\m-f-Pn- dn-k-v C-n-yq-v F-hnsS-bm-Wv--ssa-kq
11604. sI.tI-f- G-Xv ]-{X-n-s ap-Jy ]-{Xm-[n-]-cm-bn-cp-p--amXr-`q-an
11605. C-y s^-Ut- d-j Hm-^v te-_ m-]n-X
- v- Fw.F.tdmbv
11606. sk-h v-kv Hm-^v tKm-Uv m-]n--Xv--Jm A-_v-Zp Km-^
Jm
11607. G-Xp `m-jb
- n-se hym-Ic
- W
- {- K-a
- m-Wv tI-cf
- ]m-Wn-\o-bw-a
- e
- bm-fw
11608. G-Xv s\m-t_ k-m-\-tP-Xm-hn-s\ G--hpw Iq-Sp-X kzm-[o\n- kw-`-h-am-Wv _w-Km m-aw--A-a-Xym sk
11609. G-Xv s\m-t_ tP-Xm-hn-\m-Wv c-_o-{-\m-Y Sm-tKm t]-cp \In-bX
- v- A
- a
- -Xym sk
11610. G-Xv ssh-t{km-bn-bp-sS Im-e-m-Wv kz-cm-Pv-]m-Sn- m-]n-Xam-bX
- v- d
- o-Un-Mv- {]-`p11611. h- \-v F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp-X
- v- I
- i
- p-h
- n
11612. G-Xv hn-m-an-s A-]c
- ym-]v-X-X aq-e-am-Wv Hm-n-tbm-a-te-ky F-tcm-Ka
- p-m-Ip-X
- v- h
- n-m-an Un
11613. h-t-gv-kv ]m-n G-Xv cm-Py-s cm-jv-{So-b I-n-bm-Wv -D-c sIm-dn-b
11614. G-Xn-s B-m-\-am-Wv sd-bn `-h- C-y sd-bn-th-bvkv
11615. h-be
- m A-hm-Uv t\-Sn-b, ]n.sI._m-eI
- r-jW
v- s
- C-\n Rm
D-d--s F- t\m-h-en-s aq-e-I-Y kzo-I-cn-n-cn-p--Xv GXn-\n-m-Wv- a-lm-`m-cX
- w
11616. G-Xv \-Kc
-
- n-em-Wv ln-p a-lm-k`
- m-]n-s
- -X
- v -Aa
- r-Xvk
11617. H-cp \-Zn-bp-sS C-cp-I-c-I-fn A-`n-ap-J-am-bn n-Xn-sN-p- Xe-m-\ \-K-c
- f
- m-Wv In-jm-k-bpw {_m-kh
- n-b
- pw. \-Zn-tbXv- t- Imw-tKm
11618. H-cp bq-Wn-n-\n-v a-sm-cp bq-Wn-n-te-v t]-Pp-I {Sm-kva
- nv sN-bv-Xv A--Sn-p- kw-hn-[m-\-am-b ^m-Iv-kn-an-en a-e-bm-f]-{X-cw-K-v B-Zy-am-bn \-S-m-n-b-Xv a-e-bm-f a-t\m-c-a
11619. 1857-se I-em-]-k-a-b-v _-lm-Zq-jm-sb i-{Xp- F-hn-sS\n-m-Wv ]n-Sn-Iq-Sn-b-Xv- lp-a-bq-Wn-s i-h-Ip-So-cw
11620. hn-[-h-I-m-bn apw-ss_-bn im-c-Zm k-Z-\w m-]n--Xv- ]WvU
- n-X c-am-`m-bn
11621. G-Xn-s im-kv-{X-\m-a-am-Wv sIm-fw-_ en-hn-b--{]m-hv
11622. H-cp I-cW
-
- S- n-p-h
- \
- v a-dp-Ic
- W
- w-Iq-Sn Im-Wn-p-sIm-Sp-p-I
F-p ]-d
X
- m-cv- t- b-ip {In-kX
v- p
11623. G-jy-bn-se B-Zy-s tkm-fm ]m-v \n-e-hn-h--Xv G-Xv
kw-m-\
- v- Kp-Pd
- m-v
kn-\n-a
11693. hm-l-\--fp-sS sl-Uv-sse-n D-]-tbm-Kn-p--Xv G-Xv X-cw
an-dd
- m-Wv- t- Im-tI-hv an-d
11694. G-Xv tem-l-n-s A-bn-cm-Wv Im-ssk-v -Im-kyw
11695. Hm-tcm-cp--pw A-hc
- p-sS B-hi
- y-n-\\
- p-kc
- n-v Hm-tcm-cp-pw A-hc
- p-sS I-gn-hn-\\
- p-kc
- n--v F
-
- B-ib
-
- n-s D-]
mXm-hm-c-v I
- m am-Ik
-v v
11696. hn-{I-am-Zn-Xy k-Z-n-se \-h-c-Xv-\--fn G--hpw {]-K-ev-`-\m-cv
Im-fn-Zm-k
11697. hn-Zym-`ym-k cw-Kw Iq-Sp-X- ^-e{- ]-Za
- m-p-X
- n-\p-th-n 1882l-- I-ao-j-s\ G-s-Sp-n-b ssh-t{km-bn--dn- {]-`p
11698. C-ym-N-cn-{X-n tam-Wnw-Kv-S {]-`p F-p-a-dn-b-s-Sp-
K-h-W P-\-d- sh--n {]-`p
11699. I-l \m-j-W ]m-v G-Xv \-Zn-v k-ao-]-am-Wv -\-a-Z
11700. I-hn, t\m-he
- n-v , D-]\
- ym-kI
- m-c F-o \n-eI
- f
- n-epw {]-Ke
- v`
- \m-bn-cp- ssh-t{km-bn- en-
11701. ssk-a I-n-j C-y-bn-h
- X
- v- Zzn-`c
- W
- k
- w-hn-[m-\s
-
hn-eb
- n-cp-m
11702. sX-t C-y-bp-sS knw-lw F--dn-b-s- t\-Xm-hv- kn.ho-ccm-Lh
- m-Nm-cy
11703. e-v-an-Im-v t_-kv _-dp-h G-Xv `m-j-bn-se F-gp-p-Im-c-\mbn-cp-p- B-km-ao-kv
11704. a-{Zm-kv te-_ bp-Wn-b-s m-]-I- _n.]n.hm-Un-b
11705. Cu-n-ym-
- \
- n cq-]w-sIm-p-tm Cw-
- v `-cn-n-cp- cmP-hw-iw- p-h-v
11706. 1877--, kn-hn k-ho-kv ]-co- F-gp-Xm-\p- {]m-bw 21\n-v F-{X h-b
- m-bn-m-Wv Ip-d
- X
- -v C-y \m-jW
- tIm{K-kn-s {_n-o-jv I-n-n cq-]w-sIm- h-jw- 1889
11707. C-ym hn-`-P-\w H-gn-hm-p--Xn-\v Pn--bv-v {]-[m-\-a-{n-]-Zw
hm-Kv-Zm-\w sN-m au-v-_m- {]-`p-hn-s\ t{]-cn-n- t\-Xmhv- a-lm-m-Km-n
11708. sI-F-kv-F ap-{Z-bp- m-v G-Xv cm-Py-t-Xm-Wv- ku-Zn Atd-_y
11709. hn-{ip-X kw-Ko-X- Aw-P-Zv A-en-Jm P-\n- -ew--Kzmfn-tbm
11710. G-Xv P-\-Io-b k-a-c-am-Wv 1942 \-S--Xv--Izn-n-ym-k-a-cw
11711. hn-cq-]m- t-{Xw F-hn-sS-bm-W-v- -lw-]n
11712. kzm-X{- y-ka
- c
-
- n-\m-bn t]m-cm-Sn-b Im-cW
-
- m C-y kh-I-em-im-e _n-cp-Zw Xn-cn-s-Sp- B-Zy `m-c-Xo-b (1911)hn.Un.-kh
- m-11713. s]-se G-Xp Im-bn-I-hn-t\m-Z-n-se {]-i-kv-X-\m-Wv ^p-Svt_m
11714. 1928se sIm-- tIm-{K-kv- k--f-\-n- A-[y--tam-n-em s\-{lp
11715. t-v t{K-v Jp-d G-Xv cm-Py-s \n-ba
- \
- n-am-Wk
- `- b
- m-Wv- a
- wtKm-fn-b
11716. hn-iz-`m-c-Xn k-h-I-em-im-e m-]n-X-am-b h-jw-1921
11717. G-Xp hw-i-n-se `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-Wv B-en cm-P F--dn-bs-n-cp-X
- v- A
- d
- b
- v
-
11718. C-y-bp-sS a-X-]-c-am-b X-e-m-\w F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv--hm-cmW-kn
11719. Hm-h G-Xv Im-bn-I a--c-n-\m-Wv {]-kn-w--{In--v
11720. I---bn kp-{]ow tIm-S-Xn m-]n-p-tm K-h-W P\-de
- m-bn-cp-X
- v- h
- m-d tl-nw-Kvk
- v
11721. tPm-Pv s_-Wm-Uv jm G-Xv cm-Py-m-c-\m-Wv- A-b-e-Uv
11722. {Km-p-hn-s Zzo-]v F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp- cm-Pyw-a
- U
- K
- m-kvI
-
11723. G-Xv a-eb
- m-f km-ln-Xy-Im-cs
- P-i
- X
- m-_Zv- n-bm-Wv 2008 BtLm-jn--Xv--ssh-w ap-l--Zv _-jo
11724. Hm-t- d-j q-m (1984) G-Xv \-Kc
-
- n-em-Wv \-S
- X
- v -Aa
- rXvk
-
11725. hn-iz-hn-Jym-X-am-b aq-v F- I-Y F-gp-Xn-b-Xm-cv--ssh-w apl-Z- v _-jo
11726. B-U-am- P-bn- Po-hn-X-s A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-am-n- "Im-em-]m\n' F- t\m-h c-Nn--Xm-cv- hn.-Un.-k-hm-11727. Km-n-Pn-bp-sS Z-WU
v- n-bm-{X k-ab
-
- v B-cm-bn-cp-p ssh-t{kmbn--C-hn- {]-`p
fn A-S- n-s
- -n-p-X
- v- {- In-kvX
- p-aX
- w
11801. I-gp-I-s \m-Sv F--dn-b-s-Sp- cm-Pyw--A-t_-\n-b
11802. I-hn-cm-Pa
- m-Kw c-Nn-X
- m-cv- A
- t- am-Lh
- -j
11803. G-Xp a-X
- m-cp-sS hn-ip- {K-a
- m-Wv Jp-dm-C
-
- mw a-Xw
11804. Im-fn-Zm-ks
- A-`n-m-\ im-Ip-f
-
- n-s aq-eI
- Y
- kzo-Ic
- nn-cn-p-X
- v G-Xn-\n-m-Wv- a-lm-`m-cX
- w
11805. G-h
- pw Iq-Sp-X {]-Nm-ca
- p- a-eb
- m-f ]-{Xw- a-eb
- m-f a-t\m-ca
11806. G-Xp a-X
- n-s hn-ip-{- K-a
- m-Wv ss_-_n-{- In-kvX
- p-aX
- w
11807. Im-n-bp-sS P--tZ-iw--F-tXym-]y
11808. Im-em-h-m hy-Xn-bm-\ h-Ip-v \n-e-hn-h- B-Zy C-y
kw-m-\w- Kp-Pd
- m-v
11809. Im-fn-Zm-k s^-n-h \-S-p--Xv F-hn-sS-h-m-Wv--D--bn-\n
11810. H-cp tI-{-`-c-W {]-tZ-i-n-s `-c-W-\n-h-l-Ww F-{]-Im-c-ambn-cn-W
- w F-p Xo-cp-am-\n-m-\p- A-[n-Im-cw B-m-Wv- ]m-es
- a v
11811. I-cI
- m-w F- D-h
- w \-S
- p- kw-m-\w- X-an-gv\
- m-Sv
11812. I-em-k
- mw-kI
v- m-cn-I cw-Ks
- {i-t-ba
- m-b an-Ih
- n-\v tI-cf
- km \-Ip- ]p-ck
- vI
- m-c
- n-\v B-cp-sS t]-cm-Wv \-In-bn-cnp-X
- v- c
- m-Pm c-hn-h-a
11813. I-eym-Wk
- u-K
- n-Iw c-Nn-X
- m-cv- I
- p- \-ym
11814. G-Xp a-X
- n-s hn-`m-Ka
- m-Wv tdm-a I-tm-en--{- In-kvX
- p-aXw
11815. sP.kn. Um-\n-tb A-hm-Uv G-Xp ta-J-e-bp-am-bn _--sn-cn-p-p-k
- n-\n-a
11816. {_n--s I-jv-S-Im-ew C-y-bp-sS A-h-k-cw F- {]-kv-Xm-h-\
G-Xv t\-Xm-hn-s-Xm-Wv- kp-`m-jv N-{-t_m-kv
11817. `-cW
- L
- S- \
- m-\n-am-Wk
- `
- b
- p-sS Aw-K
- `-cW
- L
- S- b
- n H-n Xo-b-Xn- 1950 P-\p-h-cn 24
11818. ]m-In-kv-Xm `-c-W-L-S-\m-\n-am-W-k-`-bp-sS A-[y-- Pn
11819. m-kn bp--n kn-dm-Pv D-Zv Zu-f-bv-v ]n-p-W \-In-b bqtdm-]y i-n- {^-v
11820. _w-Km-fn-se Zzn-`-c-W kw-hn-[m-\-n-s D-]-m-Xm-hv- tdm_-v Iv-ssf-hv
11821. tk-e-s am--gw F--dn-b-s--Xv- kn.cm-P-tKm-]m-e-Nm-cn
11822. 1923 a-{Zm-kn te-_ In-km ]m-n Hm-^v ln-p-m
m-]n--Xv- in-m-c-th-ep sN-n-bm
11823. C-y-bn Cw-Kv-fo-jp-Im-v ]-c-am-[n-Im-cw e-`n--B-Zy {]-tZiw- t_mw-s_ Zzo-]v
11824. 1929 _n-lm s{]m-hn-jy In-km k-` m-]n-X
- v- kzman k-l-Pm-\-v k-c-kz-Xn
11825. Sm-tKm-dn-\v s\m-t_ k-m-\w G-Xv hn-j-b-n-em-Wv In-n-bXv- k
- m-ln-Xyw
11826. C-y-bn K-h-W P-\-d-em-bn \n-b-an-X-\m-b B-Zy {]-`p-IpSpw-_mw-Kw- tIm-hm-en-kv
11827. 1764 H-Iv-tSm-_ 22-\v C-ym-N-cn-{X-n-se {]-[m-\yw- _-Ivk bp-w
11828. sN-dn-b sa- F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv- s]m-m-\n
11829. ss\ I-gn-m- B-{^n--bn-se G--hpw \o-fw-Iq-Sn-b \-Zn
-tImw-tKm
11830. Pn-{_m- I-Se
- n-Sp-n-\v k-ao-]w n-Xn-sN-p- B-{^n-
cm-Pyw--sam-tdm-tm
11831. Po-h-im-kv-{X-ta-J-e-bn an-I-hp sX-fn-bn--h-sc Aw-Ko-I-cn-p-Xn-\v s]m-Xp-th s\m-t_ k-m-\w \-Ip-X
- v G-Xv hn-jb-n-em-Wv -- -ssh-Zy-im-kv-{Xw
11832. ss]-d-\o-kv ]-h-X \n-c-I G-Xv h-I-c-bn-em-Wv- bq-tdm-v
11833. P-p I-iv-ao-cn-se {]-[m-\ a-Xw--C-mw a-Xw
11834. P-\-Io-b ssN-\m dn--n-n-s m-]-I--am-thm tk-Xp-Mv
11835. P-e-Zu-e-`yw-Im-c-Ww 1585 A-Iv-_ N-{I-h-n D-t]-n X-e-m-\ \-K-cw--^-t-]q kn-{In
11836. 1790 Sn-p-hn-s\-Xn-sc cq-]w-sIm- {Xn-I
- n-kJ
- y-n Ds-h
- - Cw-Kvf
- o-jp-Im, a-dm-,\n-kmw
11837. A-ta-cn-b
- n-se G-Xv k-hI
- e
- m-im-eb
- n-\n-m-Wv _n.B.Awt_-Zv-I ]n.F-v.Un. _n-cp-Zw k-m-Zn--Xv- sIm-fw-_n-b
11838. G-Xp a-X
- n-s hn-`m-Ka
- m-Wv Bw-n-m-\n-kw-{- In-kvX
- p-aX
- w
11839. H-do-k-bp-sS \o-Xn-\ym-b X-e-m-\w--I--Iv
11840. G-Xv hn-j-b-n-se ]p-c-kv-Im-c-am-Wv Hm-d-v ss{]-kv--km-ln-
Xyw
11841. G-Xv cm-Py-n-s X-e
m-\a
- m-Wv sd-bvI
- vP
- m-hn-Iv- s
- F-kve
- mUv
11842. C-y-bp-sS B-o-b X-e
m-\w F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp-X
- v- h
- m-cm-Wkn
11843. G-Xp I-fn-bp-am-bn _--s- ]-Z-am-Wv kn-n t]m-bn v--{In-v
11844. 1857-se I-em-]-s C-y-bp-sS H-mw kzm-X-{y-k-a-c-sa-v
hn-ti-jn-n- `m-c-Xo-b t\-Xm-hv -hn.-Un.-k-hm-11845. G-Xv hn-j-b-n-se B-Zy s\m-t_ tP-Xm-hm-Wv F-an sPnw-Kvk
- - v- s
- sh-Zy-im-kv{- Xw
11846. G-Xv I-em-cq-]-s-bm-Wv h--tm \m-cm-b-W-ta-t\m ]p\-cp-c
- n-X
- v- I
- Y
- I
- f
- n
11847. Im-th-cn-X-S-hpw A-Xn-\-Sp-p- {]-tZ-i--fpw D-s-- cm-Pyw
`-cn- cm-Ph
- w-iw-t- Nm-f-am
11848. Im-Xd
- n kvt- Im-v _n-j
- v, sl-_-v Fw.C-hm-kv F-n-h
I-s-n-b hn-m-an G-Xm-Wv--hn-m-an C
11849. Hmw-Im-tc-iz Zo-]v G-Xv \-Zn-bn-em-Wv -\-aZ11850. s\-tm-fn-b-s\ hm--eq bp--n tXm-]n- B-X sh-n-bp-sS k-tlm-Zc
- \
- m-bn-cp- K-h-W P-\d
- - sh-
- n {]`p
11851. F-m-as
- h-Ic
- F-v hn-fn-s
- -Sp- cm-Pyw-a
- U
- K
- m-kvI
-
11852. 1858-se hn-It-v Sm-dn-b a-lm-dm-Wn-bp-sS hn-fw-_c
- k-ab
- s
- ssht{km-bn -Im-\nw-Kv {]-`p
11853. C-y-bp-sS `m-hn-`c
- W
- L
- S- \
- s
- b kw-_\
- [
v- n-v- v- "s\-ld
v- p- dn-tmv'- X-m-dm-n-b-Xm-cv--tam-n-em s\-{lp
11854. Im-X-dn Z t{K-v `-cn-n-cp- cm-Pyw- d-jy
11855. In-co-S-[m-c-W-n-\p-ap-v F-tc-b F--dn-b-s-n-cp- Nm-eq-Iycm-Pm-hv- ]
- p-et- I-in c-m-a
11856. H-do-k-bp-sS an-t-\n-bw \-K-cw F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv--I--Iv
11857. H-fn-n-Ik
v- n-s N-cn-{X-n H-cn-\
- n G-h
- pw Iq-Sp-X kzW-sa-U t\-Sn-b Sow C-y-bm-Wv. G-Xm-Wm C-\w--tlm-n
11858. Im-fn-Zm-k-s ta-L-Zq-X-n ]-cm-a-in-X-am-b \-K-cw--D--bn\n
11859. im-kv{- X-\
- m-b em-thm-kn-b h-[n-s
- -X
- v G-Xv hn-h
- I
- me-m-Wv- {- ^-p-hn-h
- w
11860. in-em-ssX-ew F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv -s]-t{Sm-fn-bw
11861. in-e-sb B-cm-[n-m ssZ-h-s Im-Wm-sa-n Rm ]-hX-s B-cm-[n-pw- F-p ]-d--Xm-cv- I-_o
11862. in-tcm-aW
- n Kp-cp-Zzm-c {]-_
- I
- v I-n-n-bp-sS B-m-\w-A
- a
- rXvk
-
11863. Inw F- Ir-Xn c-Nn-X
- m-cv- d
- p-Uvb
- m-Uv In-nw-Kv
11864. Io-NI
- s
- \ sIm-X
- m-cv- `- o-a
11865. Ip-p-aw I-gn-m G--hpw hn-e ]n-Sn-p- kp-K- hy-Rv-P\w--hm-\n-e
11866. G-Xv cm-Py-s I--\n-bm-Wv F-Pn--Z-n-W sIm-dn-b
11867. I-\-U-bn-se {]-hn-iy-bm-b Iyp-_-n-se `m-j--{^-v
11868. G-Xp `m-j-bn-se km-ln-Xy-Im-c-\m-Wv P-b-i- {]-km-Zv
-ln-n
11869. i-c
- t- Z-h G-Xv {]-tZ-i
- v Po-hn-n-cp- km-aq-ln-I ]-cn-jI
v- m-hm-Wv- B
- k
- mw
11870. Ip- \-ym D-]t- bm-Kn-n-cp- an-gm-hv G-Xp t-{X-n-emWv kq-n-n-cn-p-X
- v- A
-
- e
-
- p-g
11871. G-Xp cm-Py-s hn-am-\ k-ho-km-Wv am-se-hv- lw-K-dn
11872. I-hn-Ip-eK
- p-cp F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp-X
- m-cv Im-fn-Zm-k
11873. sd-\n F- tlm-tam D-]m-Zn-n-p--Xv--hr-
11874. F-n-s\-Xn-sc {]-Xn-tj-[n-m-\m-Wv `-KX
- v knw-Kpw _n.sI.Z-pw
sk-{S e-Pn-t-o-hv A-kw-_v-fn-bn 1929 G-{]n F-n-\v
t_mw-s_-dn--Xv- ]-n-Iv tk-^v-n _n ]m-km-p--Xn-\v
F-Xn-sc {]-Xn-tj-[n-m
11875. sd-Uv j-k
v- v F- {]-m-\w B-cw-`n-X
- v- J
- m A-_Zv- p Km^ Jm
11876. ssl--h C-Xn-lm-k- c-Nn--s- `m-j--kw-kv-Ir-Xw
11877. sS-o-kv tIm-v {]-Xn- G-Xp hn--h-hp-am-bn _--s-n-cnp-p-{- ^-p-hn-h
- w
11878. ssa em-Uv B v ssa ]o-n F- ]p-kv-X-Iw c-Nn--Xm-cv--Zsse-em-a
11899. I-hn-If
- n cm-PI
- p-am-c F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp-X
- m-cv- Im-fn-Zm-k
11900. i-_-cn-a-e G-Xv \-Zn-bp-sS k-ao-]-m-Wv--]-
11901. h-S- tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy-s A-p-Iq-Sw m-]n- -eta-Xv- X
- e
- t- -cn
11902. h-S-t A-ta-cn- h-I-c-bn-se F-m cm-Py--fn-se-bpw aXw G-Xm-W- {- In-kX
v- p-aX
- wv
11903. Iq-\ Ip-cn-ip {]-Xn--bp-am-bn (1653) _--s- a-Xw -{InkvX
- p-aX
- w
11904. ho-v \n-am-W-n-\v k-lm-b-I-am-b kq-v-a-Po-hn--_m-Iv-Socn-b
11905. i-Ip-f
- b
- p-sS t{]-ah
- o-W
- w F- s]-bnnw-Kv h-c
- X
- m-cv- c
- mPm c-hn-h-a
11906. Iq--S-v tcm-Kw G-Xv hn-f-sb-bm-Wv _m-[n-p--Xv--hm-g
11907. I-tm-dn {S-bn sIm- (1925 B-Kk
- X
-v v 9)bp-sS hm-jn-I
- n
B-cw-`n- _-lp-P\
- k
- a
- c
- t- a-Xv- I
- zn-n-ym-ka
- c
- w
11908. I-tcm-n-\p-I-fn A-S-n-bn-p- hn-m-an G-Xm-Wv--hn-m-an
F
11909. Iw-]yq- t{]m-{Km-anw-Kn-\v A-\p-tbm-Py-sa-v hn-ti-jn-n--sSp- C-y `m-j--kw-kv-Ir-Xw
11910. Izn-n-ym-k-a-cw B-cw-`n--tm ssh-t{km-bn-bm-bn-cp--Xv--en-en-Xvt- Km- {]-`p11911. J--Kn-cn Xo-Ym-S-\ tI-{w G-Xv kw-m-\-m-Wv- H-do-k
11912. jm-Pn F I-cp kw-hn-[m-\w sN-bvX
- A-Xn-Po-h\
-
- n-s I\-hg
- n-I F- kn-\n-a B-cp-sS Po-hn-Xw {]-ta-ba
- m-n-bp-Xm-Wv- F.sI.tKm-]m-e
11913. Kw-Km-Zzm-c F-v {]m-No-\I
- m-e
- v A-dn-bs
- -n-cp- \-Kc
- w-l
- c
- nZzm
11914. km--n-I s\m-t_ e-`n- B-Zy G-jy-m-c--A-a-Xym
sk
11915. 1948 Km-\v-[n-h-[-n ]-p-s- kw-i-b-n A-d-psN-bv-Xv P-bn-en-e-S-s-n-epw hn-Nm-c-W-bv-sm-Sp-hn Ip--m-c\-s-p-I
- v sh-dp-sX hn-X
- m-sc-bm-Wv- h
- n.-Un.-kh
- m-11916. sF.Fw.hn-P-b-s\ {i-t-b-\m-n-b Im-bn-I hn-t\m-Zw- ^p-Sv-
t_m
11917. 1912- U-ln-bn-se Nm-v-\n- Nu-n-h-v- \-S- h-[-{i-aw AXn-Po-hn- ssh-t{km-bn--lm-Un-v- {]-`p
11918. 1923- C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s ]m-n ]-{X-am-b "t^m-th-Uv'Zn-\]
- {- Xw- B-cw-`n-X
- m-cv- k
- n.B.Zm-kv
11919. bq-tdm-n-se G--hpw h-en-b aq-m-a-s Zzo-]v- A-b-e-Uv
11920. Hm-Uv {S-t^m-Uv G-Xv Im-bn-I a-c
-
- n-\m-Wv {]-kn-w-{- In-v
11921. k-m-d \-K-cw G-Xv \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-m-Wv- Ir-jv-W
11922. km-aq-Xn-cn Xn-cp-\m-hm-b ]n-Sn--S-pw-h-sc am-am--n-s A-[y F-hn-Sp-s cm-Pm-hm-bn-cp-p--h-p-h-\m-Sv
11923. Km-m-cn G-Xv Ir-Xn-bn-se I-Ym-]m-{X-am-Wv a-lm-`m-cX
- w
11924. k-Xyw, k-aX
- zw, kzm-X{- yw F- ap-Jh
- m-Iy-ap- ]-{Xw-a
- m-Xr`q-an
11925. jn-b, kp-n F-n-h G-Xp a-X-n-s hn-`m-K--fm-Wv--C-mw
a-Xw
11926. Jp-Zm-bn Jn-Xv-a-Xv-Km F- kw-L-S-\ m-]n--Xv--Jm A-_vZp Km-^ Jmv
11927. jq ^vf
- h
- F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp-X
- v- s
- N-c
-
- n
11928. k-]v-X-jn B-{i-aw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv -l-cn-Zzm
11929. ssP-\-a-X m-]-I-\m-b B-Zn-\m-Y-s P---e-am-b Xo-YmS-\ tI-{w- A-tbm-[y
11930. ssSw am-K-kn-s I-h-dn Nn-{Xw A--Sn--s- B-Zy C-y
t\-Xm-hv- a-lm-m-Km-n (1930)
11931. sX-bn Umw A-Yh
- m c-RvP
- n-Xv km-K A-Ws
- -v G-Xv \-Zn-bnem-Wv--c-hn \-Zn
11932. tI-c-f-n B-Zy-am-bn Xp- A-c-t-dn-b-Xv F-hn-sS-bm-Wv-A--e-p-g
11933. sIm-n sa-t{Sm-bp-sS h-S-p-`m-K-s B-Zy t-j--B-ep-h
11934. ssN-\o-kv B-{I-a-W-n-s ]-m--e-n cm-Pn-h- tI{ {]-Xn-tcm-[ a-{n--hn.sI. Ir-jv-W-ta-t\m
11935. Pm-\-v P-K G-Xv cm-Py-s B-Zy-h-\n-Xm {]-kn-Um-Wv
(1997)-K-bm-\
11936. ss^-tm-sa-\m-Un-tbm F- cm-k-\m-a-n-epw A-dn-b-s-Sp hn-m-an--hn-m-an sI
11937. t_m-fn-hp-Uv F-n-\m-Wv {]-kn-w -kn-\n-a
11938. C-y-bp-sS kzm-X-{y-n-\m-bn Un-n t_-Uv m X-m-dmn-b-Xv- au-v-_m- {]-`p
11939. s_-en-\n {^o C-y sk m-]n-X
- v- k
- p-`m-jv N-{-t_mkv
11940. kz--am-bn \n-b-a-\n-am-W-k-` C-m- tI-{-`-c-W-{]-tZ-i-fn-se \n-b-a--v Aw-Ko-Im-cw \-Ip--Xv B-cm-Wv--]m-esa v
11941. kz--am-bn h-e-hn-cn-v C-c-sb ]n-Sn-p- Po-hn--Nn-e-n
11942. kz-bw ]-cm-K-Ww km-[y-a-m- kp-K--hy-Rv-P-\w--hm-\n-e
11943. Km-n-Pn-bp-sS c-w-]p-c- a-v tI-c-f-n G-Xv ]-{X-ns Hm-^o-kn-em-Wv kq-n-n-cn-p-X
- v- a
- m-Xr-`q-an
11944. kp-m A-m jm I-v G-Xv I-fn-bp-am-bn _--s-n-cnp-p-t- lm-n
11945. kp-cn-\mw I-gn-m G--hpw P-\-kw-Jy Ip-d- sX-t Ata-cn- cm-jv{- S-ta-X- -Kb
- m-\
11946. k-Xy-ta-h P-b-tX G-Xp `m-j-bn-se hm-Iy-am-Wv--kw-kv-Ir-Xw
11947. kzm-X{- -e_
- v[
- n-p-ti-jw \-S
- tIm-{K-kv {]-kn-U v Xn-cs-Sp-n P-hm-l-em s\-{lp-hn-s ]n-p-W-tbm-sS Xn-cs-Sp--s--Xm-cv -]-m-`n ko-Xm-cm-a-
11948. kzm-X-{ym-\--c C-y-bn-se G--hpw i--\m-b c-m-a-
hy-n-bm-bn ssSw am-K-kn Xn-c--Sp- a-e-bm-fn--hn.sI.
Ir-jW
-v t- a-t\m
11949. kn-m- in-tcm-aW
- n G-Xv hn-jb
-
- n-se ]p-kvX
- I
- a
- m-Wv- K
- W
- nXw
11950. Kw-Km I-\m irw-J-e B-cw-`n-p--sX-hn-sS-bm-Wv -l-cn-Zzm
11951. k-c-kz-Xn a-l sse-{_-dn F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--X-m-hq
11952. Kn-\m Xo-Ym-S\
- tI-{w G-Xv kw-m-\
- m-Wv- Kp-Pd
- m-v
11953. kn-n Hm-^v p-U vk
- v F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp-X
- - v- t- am-kvt- Im
11954. a-lm-m-Km-n-bp-sS Z-WU
v- n-bm-{X-sb {io-cm-as
- e-b
- n-te-p {]-bm-Wt- m-Sv Xm-cX
- a
- y-s-Sp-n-bX
- m-cv- t- am-n-em s\-
{lp
11955. I-enw-K t-Un-bw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--`p-h-t\-iz
11956. C-y-bn-se c-m-as
- {_n-o-jv K-h-W P-\d
- -t- Im-hmen-kv {]-`p
11957. 1772 Pn-m I-fI
- vS- d
- p-sS ]-Zh
- n kr-jvS- n-X
- m-cv- h
- m-d tl-nwKvk
- v
11958. ssl--h-cp-sS G-gv ]p-Wy-\-K-c--fn G--hpw {]-ap-Jw--hm-cmW-kn
11959. Z-n-tW-jy-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b `m-j -ln-n
11960. a-e-Km-kn dn--n-v G-Xp cm-Py-n-s ]-g-b-t]-cm-Wv -a-U-KmkvI
-
11961. kn- hn- Ip-p-cm-a-s t\-Xr-Xz-n- aq-eq- F-kv- ]-Xv-a-\m-`-Wn-- ]-{Xm-[n-]-cm-bn- sIm--n-\-Sp-v a--\m-p-\n-pw- "tIc-f-Iu-ap-Zn'- hm-cn-I-bm-bn- B-cw-`n- h-jw-1911
11962. k-ssj hn-m-an F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv G-Xm-Wv--hn-m-an
Un
11963. kn-.hn.- cm-a-]n-b
- p-sS "[-ac
- m-Pm'- {]-kn-o-Ic
- n- h-jw-1913
11964. Im-fn-Zm-k c-N\
- \-S
- n-bn-cp- `m-j- k
- w-kvI
- r-Xw
11965. kn-\n-ab
- n H-cp sk-n F-{X s{^-bn-ap-If
- m-Wv I-S
- p-t]mIp-X
- v- 24
11966. kn-cn-am-thm-i
- m-kv{- Xn D-S
- S- n (1964) {]-Im-cw {io-e
- b
- n-\n-v
a-S
- n-h
- sXm-gn-em-fn-Is
- f ]p-\c
- [
- n-hk
- n-n-m do-lm-_n-ent-j m-t-j en-an--Uv m-]n-X-am-b -ew--]p-\-eq
11967. kn-Jp-aX
-
- n-s B-o-b- k
- mw-kvI
- m-cn-I tI-{w F-p hn-tijn-n-s
- -Sp- \-Kc
- w-A
- a
- r-Xvk
-
11968. kn-p-hn-s {]-[m-\ t]m-jI
- \
- Z- n-If
- n ln-am-N {]-tZ-in-se
Nw-_m Pn--bn D-Zv-`-hn-p--Xv G-Xm-Wv--c-hn \-Zn
11969. knw-l-f knw-lw F-p hn-ti-jn-n--s- t\-Xm-hm-cv--kn.tIi-h
11970. Ko-tXm-]\
- n-j
- v F-d
- n-bs
- -Sp- {K-t- a-Xv- `- K
- h
- X
- K
v- o-X
11971. kp-{_-aW
- y-`m-cX
- n G-Xv `m-jb
- n-se I-hn-bm-bn-cp-p-X
- a
- n-gv
11972. Iw-{]-kv-Uv \m-p-d Kym-kn-se {]-[m-\ L-S-Iw--ao-tY-bv
11973. I-YI
- f
- n-bp-sS P-t- Z-iw F-v hn-ti-jn-n-s
- -Sp-X
- v- sIm-mc-c
11974. kw-kvI
- m-c
- n-s {]-Xo-Ia
- m-bn I-cp-Xs
- -Sp- ]p-jv]
- w-X
- m-ac
11975. kw-m-\ kz-bw-`-c-Ww- \n-e-hn- h-cp-p--Xn-\v- 1937 P-\p-hcn--s^-{_p-h-cn- am-k--fn- Xn-c-s-Sp-p-\-S--tm B-cmbn-cp-p ssh-t{km-bn--en--en-Xv-tKm- {]-`p11976. kz-tZ-im-`n-am-\n- sI cm-a-Ir-jv-W-]n- I-q-cn A--cn- hjw-1916
11977. kz-tZ-in {]-m-\
- n-s {]-Xo-Ia
- m-bn-cp-X
- v- N-
11978. ssk-\n-I kv-Iq-fp-I F- B-i-b-n-s D-]-m-Xm-hm-b
{]-Xn-tcm-[ a-{n-h
- n.sI. Ir-jvW
- t- a-t\m
11979. ssl-{U-P I-gn-m G--hpw `m-cw Ip-d- aq-e-Iw--lo-enbw
11980. sa--bpw a-Zo-\-bpw G-Xv a-X-m-cp-sS hn-ip---e--fm-Wv C-mw a-Xw
11981. sa-Up- H-_vf
- mw-tK- G-Xh
- b
- h
-
- n-s `m-Ka
- m-Wv- a
- k
- vX
- n-jvI
- w
11982. sIm-n-bn-se am-m-Wv-U-h-a F-p hn-ti-jn-n--s-Sp-Xv- i- X-p-cm
11983. sX-bn-kv G-Xv ta-J-e-bn-se {]-K-ev-`-\m-Wv -K-Wn-Xw
11984. sX-t A-ta-cn--bn i-X-am-\m-Sn-m-\-n G--hpw Iq-SpX ln-p--fp- cm-Py-ta-Xv--K-bm-\
11985. C-y-v kzm-X-{yw \-Im-\p- Xo-b-Xn 1948 Pq-Wn-\n-v
1947 Hm-K-kv-Xn-te-v am-n-b-Xv B-cp-sS G--hpw hn-hm-Z Xo-cp-am\-am-bn-cp-X
- v- au-v_
- m- {]-`p
11986. sk-{S e-Pn-t-o-hv A-kw-_v-fn-bn 26 h-jw Aw-K-am-bncn-p-I-bpw A-Xn-s ]n-Xm-hv F-v A-dn-b-s-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xv
t\-Xm-hv- F
- .Fw. tPm-jn
11987. tI-cf
-
- n ap-Jy-a{- n m-\s
- -n-b G-I {]-tZ-in-I ]mn t\-Xm-hm-Wv kn.F-v. ap-l--Zv tIm-b. ]m-n-tb-Xv--ap-nw
eo-Kv
11988. tam-kI
v- h
- \-Zo-Xo-c
- p- {]-[m-\ d-jy \-Kc
- t- a-X- v- t- am-ktv- Im
11989. kz-tZ-in {]-m-\
- n-s {]-h-I
- \
- m-bn-cp- hm-n A-
F- bp-h hn--h-Im-cn Xn-cp-s\-th-en Pn-m I-e-Iv-S-dm-bn-cp tdm-_-v hn-eyw B-jn-s\ sh-Sn-h-p-sIm-e-s-Sp-n-b h-
jw-1911
11990. kz-X-{ C-y G-Xn-\-n-em-Wv B-Zy-s H-fn-n-Iv sa-U t\-Snb-Xv--tlm-n
11991. kz-X-{ C-y-bn B-Zy-am-b Pm-Xn sk-k-kv \-S- h-jw-2012
11992. tem-I-s c-m-a-s I-ayp-Wn-v cm-Pyw--aw-tKm-fn-b
11993. G-Xv ssh-t{km-bn-bp-sS Im-e-m-Wv C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s d-Kp-e
sk-k-kv \-S--Xv (1881)-dn- {]-`p
11994. "A-`n-\-h-`m-c-Xv' F- hn--h {]-m-\w B-cw-`n--Xv -hn.-Un.-k-hm
11995. C-y-bp-sS c-m-a-s D-]-cm-jv-{S-]-Xn (196267)-tUm.- k-o- lpssk11996. bq-tdm-n-se G--hpw h-en-b c-m-a-s Zzo-]v--sF-kv-em-Uv
11997. G-Xv \-Zn-bp-sS t]m-jI
- \
- -Zn-bm-Wv Xm-h- \
- -a-Z
11998. tIm-{K-kn-s\ k-am-[m-\-]-c-am-b a-c-W-n-\v k-lm-bn-p-sa-v {]Jym-]n- ssh-t{km-bn--I-gv-k {]-`p
11999. Iym-]v- cq-]v-knw-Kv t-Un-bw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv--Kzm-fn-tbm
12000. kv-{Xo-I-v thm--h-Im-iw \-In-b B-Zy-s B-{^n- cm-Py-taXvv--sI-\n-b
12001. km-ap-h e-Mvt- lm -a-kv G-Xp t]-cn-em-Wv {]-kn-\
- m-bX
- - v- a
- mv Sz-bn
12002. Iw-]yq--dn-s sk-{S t{]m-k-knw-Kv bq-Wn-n-s\ a-\p-jy-i-co-c-nse G-Xv A-hb
- h
- p-am-bn-m-Wv Xm-cX
- a
- y-s-Sp-m-dp-X
- v -ak
- vX
- n-jvI
- w
12003.Km-n-Pn am-Xm-hn-s\-tm-se I-W
- m-n-b {K-t- a-Xv- `
- K
- h
- X
- vK
- o-X
12004.kz-X-{ C-y-bn-se G--hpw {]m-bw Ip-d- tIm-{K-kv {]-knU v- cm-Po-hv Km-n(40)
12005.km-ap-h sS-bv-e tIm-f-dn-Uv-Pp-am-bn-t-v en-dn- _-em-Uv-kv cNn-X
- m-cv- h
- n-eyw th-Uvk
- vh
- -v
12006.Km-n kn-\n-a-bn Zn-tj kn-Mv B-cp-sS th-j-am-Wv A-`n-\-bn-Xv -Jm A-_vZ- p Km-^ Jm
12007.k-c-kz-Xn k-m-\w \-Ip--Xv G-Xv ta-J-e-bn-em-Wv--km-ln-Xyw
12008.sk-{S _m-v Hm-^v C-y-bp-sS B-m-\w- apw-ss_
]cn-ioe\ tNmZy-t]- 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
]-Z-hn-bn-en-cn-s {]-kn-U v A--cn-m Im-em-h-[n-bp-sS tijn- Im-e-t-v ssh-kv {]-kn-U v B ]-Z-hn h-ln-m
hy-h--bp- cm-Pyw:
(F) bp.F-kv.F.
(_n) {^m-kv
(kn) C-y
(Un) {io-e-
a-\p-jy-i-co-c-n-se G--hpw \o-fw Iq-Sn-b t]-in-tb-Xv?
(F) t-n-Un-b-kv
(_n) km-tm-dn-b-kv
(kn) ^o-a
(Un) q-n-b-kv
"Np-h- c-m-Wp--fp-sS i-h--d-v-' F--dn-b-s-Sp- i-co-c-`mKw:
(F) hr-
(_n) kv-o (kn) I-c
(Un) B-am-ib
- w
"s^-U-d-' `-c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-ap- cm-Py-n-s G--hpw h-en-b
k-hn-ti-jX
- :
(F) `-c-W-L-S-\-bp-m-bn-cn-pw
(_n) cm-jv-{S--e-h-\p-m-bn-cn-pw (kn) A-[n-Im-c-hn-`-P-\w
(Un) kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bp-m-bn-cn-pw
"F-hn-sS a-\-v `-b-c-ln-X-am-Ip-p-thm A-hn-sS in-c-v D--Xam-Ipw-'-B-cp-sS hm-p-I?
(F) c-_o-{-\m-Yv Sm-tKm
(_n) Kp-cp \m-\m-v
(kn) hn-th-Im-\-
(Un) Km-n-Pn
"`-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS lr-Z-b-hpw B-m-hpw-' F-v tUm.Aw-t_-ZvI hn-ti-jn-n- A-\p-t-Zw G-Xv?
(F) 19
(_n) 32
(kn) 44
(Un) 40
"`q-Zm-\ {]-m-\-'n-s D-]-m-Xm-hv?
(F) P-b-{]-Im-iv \m-cm-b (_n) a-lm-m-Km-n
(kn) hn-t\m-_m-`m-sh
(Un) _m-_m Bw-sX
"Iq-\-Ip-cn-ip {]-Xn--' \-S- h-jw:
(F) 1643
(_n) 1635
(kn) 1653
(Un) 1633
"Iym-_-\n-v an-j-s\-' (1946) \-bn--Xv:
(F) m-t^m-Uv {In-]v-kv
(_n) tPm ssk-a
(kn) F.hn.A-e-Iv-km-
(Un) s]-n-Iv tem-d-kv
"Iyq-Wn-t^mw-' F- en-]n D-]-tbm-Kn-n-cp- P-\-X?
(F) kp-ta-cn-b-m
(_n) ssN-\-m
(kn) C-y-m
(Un) Cu-Pn-]v-Xp-Im
{io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp A-cp-hn-p-d-v in-h-enw-K {]-Xn-jvT \-S-nb h-jw:
(F) 1888
(_n) 1890
kn) 1903
(Un) 1907
D--cm-[-tKm-f-n-se G--hpw ssZ-Ly-ta-dn-b ]-I:
(F) am-v 21
(_n) Pq 21
(kn) sk-]v-Xw-_ 23
(Un) Un-kw-_ 22
"A-h-\-h-\m--kp-J-n-\m-N-cn--h-b-]-c-p kp-J-n-\m-bn htc-Ww-' C-{]-Im-cw D-Zv-t_m-[n-n--Xv:
(F) Ip-am-c\
- m-im
(_n) {io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp
(kn) h--tm
(Un) Ip- \-ym
1878 {]-kn-o-I-c-W-am-cw-`n- ]-{Xw:
(F) kw-hm-Zv Iu-ap-Zn
(_n) b-Mv C-y
(kn) Z ln-p
(Un) h-t-am-X-cw
sI.]n.tI-i-h-ta-t\m-s "_n-em-n-hn-ti-jw-' F- bm-{Xm-hnh-c-W-n G-Xp cm-Py-s-p-dn-m-Wv hn-h-cn-p--Xv?
(F) {^m-kv
(_n) bp.F-kv.F.
(kn) P-m
(Un) {_n-
bq-{^-o-kv, ssS-{Kn-kv \-Zn-I-n-S-bn hn-Im-kw {]m-]n- kwkvI
- m-ca
- m-Wv:
(F) Cu-Pn-]v-jy kw-kv-Im-cw (_n) am-b kw-kv-Im-cw
(kn) sa-skm-s]m-m-an-b kw-kv-Im-cw
(Un) ssN-\o-kv kw-kv-Im-cw
G--hpw Iq-Sp-X Im-ew cm-jv-{S-]-Xn-m-\-a-e--cn- hy-n:
(F) tUm.cm-tP-{-{]-km-Zv
(_n) B.sh---cm-a
(kn) tUm.cm-[m-Ir-jvW
-
(Un)hn.hn.Kn-cn
d-jy-bn-se s^-{_p-h-cn hn--h-s-p-S-v \n-tm-fm-kv cm-a m-\{- `-jvS- \
- m-s
- -t- m Xm-m-en-I K-h-san\v t\-Xr-Xzw \-In-b-Xv:
(F) A-e-Iv-km- sI-c-kv-In (_n) se-\n
(kn) t{Sm-Sv-kv-In
(Un) tPm-k-^v m-en
19. em-hm-in-e-I s]m-Sn-p cq-]w sIm-p- a-v:
(F) I-dp--a-v
(_n) sN--v
(kn) sN- a-v
(Un) em--ssd-v
20. en-Jn-X `-c-W-L-S-\-bp- cm-Py-n-\v D-Zm-l-c-W-a-m--Xv GXv?
(F) C-y
(_n) {^m-kv (kn) P-m (Un) {_n-
21. s]m-Xp-Xn-c-s-Sp-n thm-p-sN-m C-y ]u-c-\m-h-iyam-b Ip-d- {]m-bw:
(F) 18
(_n) 21
(kn) 25
(Un) 17
22. Z-n-tW-y B-{I-an- B-Zy-s ap-nw `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn:
(F) A-Iv-_
(_n) _m-_
(kn) A-em-hp-o Jn-Pn
(Un) C-p-an-jv
23. Xn-cp-h-\--]p-c-v Nm-e--tm-fw m-]n--Xv?
(F) Nn-n-c Xn-cp-\m
(_n) th-ep--n Z-f-h
(kn) cm-Pm tI-i-h-Zm-k
(Un) hn-im-Jw Xn-cp-\m
24. C-y-bn-se bp-td-\n-bw J-\n:
(F) Pm-Zp-Kp-U (_n) tJ-{Xn (kn) tIm-fm (Un) lp-n
25. "B-[p-\n-I m-n-Iv k-P-dn bp-sS ]n-Xm-hv-' F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv:
(F) N-cI
-
(_n) [-\z--cn
(kn) kp-{ip-X
(Un) A-t{X-b
26. A-Xn-Nm-e-I-X I-p-]n-Sn--Xm-cv?
(F) Im-a-en-Mv Hm-\-kv
(_n) A-e-Iv-km- thm-
(kn) B-n-b
(Un) H-tem-^v tdm-a
27. km-h-tZ-io-b a-\p-jy-mh-Im-i {]-Jym-]-\w \-S-n-b h-jw
(F) 1945
(_n) 1946
(kn) 1948
(Un) 1956
28. Km-n-Pn hn-`m-h-\w sN-bv-X am-Xr-Im cm-Py-am-Wv
(F) ]-m-b-o-cm-Pv
(_n) [-a-cm-Pyw
(kn) cm-a-cm-Pyw
(Un) kz-cm-Pv
29. Km-n-Pn Z-n-Wm-{^n--bn Po-hn- Im-ew:
(F) 18931915 (_n) 18931914 (kn) 18691915 (Un) 18931917
30. kn-p-hn-s t]m-j-I-\-Zn G-Xv?
(F) b-ap-\
(_n) tIm-kn (kn) Nw-_ (Un) j-tbm-Iv
31. kq-b-kv I-\m tZ-i-km--cn- h-jw:
(F) 1869
(_n) 1914
(kn) 1966
(Un) 1956
32. kq-cy-s \-ap-v Im-Wm I-gn-bp- `m-K-am-Wv------?
(F) t{Im-tam-kv-^n-b
(_n) en-tm-kv-^n-b
(kn) t^m-tm-kv-^n-b
(Un) t{Sm-tm-kv-^n-b
33. `-c-W-L-S-\m hy-h- {]-Im-cw tem-Iv-k-`-bp-sS ]-c-am-h-[n AwK-Xzw:
(F) 552
(_n) 550
(kn) 540
(Un) 544
34. "_-Z s\m-t_ k-m-\w-' F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv:
(F) a-Kv-k-tk A-hm-Uv
(_n) Hm-kv-I A-hm-Uv
(kn) `-Sv-\-K A-hm-Uv (Un) ssd-v sse-he
v- n-lp-Uv A-hm-Uv
35. "am-Xw-K-eo-e-' G-Xp ar-K-s kw-_-n- {K--am-Wv?
(F) B-\
(_n) Ip-Xn-c (kn) H--Iw
(Un) ]-ip
36. F-{_-lmw en- A-ta-cn--bp-sS F-{Xm-a-s {]-kn-UmWv?
(F) 15
(_n) 16
(kn) 17
(Un) 18
37. G-sX-n-ep-sam-cp C-y kw-m-\-v K-h-W ]-Z-hn h-ln B-Zy a-e-bm-fn
(F) hn.hn-iz-\m-Y
(_n) F.sP.tPm
(kn) ]-w Xm-Wp-]n-
(Un) hn.]n.ta-t\m
38. "A-ta-cn- tam-U A-d-_n--S-en-' F- ap-{Zm-hm-Iyw GXv k-a-c-hp-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p?
(F) a-e-_m I-em-]w
(_n) ]p--{]--h-b-em
(kn) ssh-w k-Xym-{K-lw (Un) Kp-cp-hm-bq k-Xym-{K-lw
39. "Aw-K-', "]q-h-' F-n-h G-Xp a-X-n-s hn-ip- {K--am-Wv?
(F) _p--a-Xw
(_n) ssP-\-a-Xw
(kn) ]m-gv-kn-a-Xw
(Un) Pq-X-a-Xw
40. "{]m-Xn-\n-[y-an-m-sX \n-Ip-Xn-bn--' Cu ap-{Zm-hm-Iyw G-Xp hn-hp-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p?
(F) {^-p-hn--hw
(_n) A-ta-cn- hn--hw
(kn) d-jy hn--hw
(Un) ssN-\o-kv hn--hw
41. "bq-tdm-n-se tcm-Kn-' F-p hn-fn--s- cm-Pyw?
(F) sU-am-v
(_n) kzn-v-k-e-Uv
(kn) s_-Pn-bw
(Un) Xp-n
42. "c-mw _-tZm-fn-' F--dn-b-s- tI-c-f-n-se -ew
(F) tIm-gn-tm-Sv
(_n) ]-m--ew
(kn) ]--q
(Un) ]n-W-dm-bn
43. h-b-\m-Sv Pn--bp-sS B-m-\w:
(F) kp-m _-t-cn (_n) am-\--hm-Sn
(kn) I--
(Un) Xn-cp-s\-n
44. Nn-p Kp-\n-b F- tcm-K-n-\p Im-c-W-am-b A-Wp:
(F) _m-Iv-So-cn-b
(_n) t{]m-tm-tkm-h
(kn) ^w-K-kv
(Un) ssh-d-kv
45. H-mw ]--h--c ]--Xn-bn {]m-ap-Jyw \-I-s--Xv:
(F) Ir-jn
(_n) hy-h-km-bw
(kn) hm-m-hn-\n-a-bw
(Un) Xp-d-ap-J-hn-I-k-\w
46. "]m-In-kv-Xm-' F- hm-n-s D-]-m-Xm-hv:
(F) ap-l--Z-en Pn-
(_n) ju--v A-en
(kn) d-lv-a-v A-en
(Un) k--Zv A-l--Zv Jm
47. tem-I-n-se G--hpw D-b-cw Iq-Sn-b ]-h-X-\n-c:
(F) ln-am-e-bw
(_n) B-]v-kv
(kn) B-Uo-kv
(Un) tdm-o-kv
48. "an- c-m-Nm-e-Iw-' I-p-]n-Sn--Xm-cv?
(F) ssa- ^m-c-tU
(_n) _--an {^m-v-fn
(kn) tPm t_-Uv
(Un) hn-eyw lm-hn
49. I--Iv \-K-cw G-Xp-\-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-m-Wv?
(F) a-lm-\-Zn (_n) Kw-K (kn) \-a-Z (Un) b-ap-\
50. tI-c-f-n Xp-em-h-jw A-\p-`-h-s-Sp--sX-tm?
(F) am-v--sa-bv
(_n) Un-kw-_--^n-{_-h-cn
(kn) H-Iv-tSm-_--\-hw-_(Un)Pq--sk-]v-Xw-_
51. G-Xv Du-jv-am-hn-em-Wv sX-tam-ao--dn sko-t{K-Uv kv-sI-bnepw ^m-c-lo-v kv-sI-bn-epw Xp-ey-am-Ip--Xv?
(F) ssa-\-kv 40 (_n) 212
(kn) 40 (Un) 0
52. "aw-tKm-fn-k-'n-s a-sm-cp t]-cv:
(F) Uu kn-t{Umw
(_n) lm-k-kv tcm-Kw
(kn) ho-kv Un-ko-kv
(Un) km-kv
53. "Cu-g-h sa-tm-dn-b-en-\p-' t\-Xr-Xzw \-In-b-Xv:
(F) kn.tI-i-h
(_n) tUm.]-]p
(kn) Sn.sI.am-[-h
(Un) hn.sI.th-em-bp-[
54. ""D-tm-n-b-' c-Nn--Xv?
(F) tXm-a-kv am
(_n) tXm-a-kv aq
(kn) Um-t
(Un) {^m-kn-kv t_-
55. "h-en-b Ip-fw' A-Y-hm "t{K-v-_m-v' F-hn-sS-bm-Wv I-s-nb-Xv G-Xv -e-m-Wv?
(F) I-en-_w-K
(_n) _-\-hm-en
(kn) lm-c-
(Un) sam-l-sPm-Zm-tcm
56. "hm-[m ]--Xn-' F-p-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p?
(F) P-e-tk-N-\w
(_n) A-Sn-m-\-hn-Zym-`ym-kw
(kn) hy-h-km-bw
(Un) Zm-cn-{Zy-\n-am-P-\w
57. "em-]v tSm-]v Iw-]yq--' I-p-]n-Sn--Xv:
(F) knw-s-b
(_n) Nm-kv _m-t_-Pv
(kn) A-e Syq-dn-Mv
(Un) _n tK-v-kv
58. "km-tm-a-' _m-[n-p- i-co-c-`m-Kw:
(F) I-v
(_n) sN-dp-Ip-S
(kn) A-n-I
(Un) a-kv-Xn-jv-Iw
59. "ssP-h L-Sn-Im-cw-' F--dn-b-s-Sp- {K-\v-Yn:
(F) ssX-ak
- v (_n) A-{Uo-\ (kn) ]o-\n-b (Un) ]n-yq-d
- n
60. "ssZ-hw kv-t\-ln-p--h sN-dp--n-te a-cn-p-p-' F-p ]d-X
- v:
(F) ss_-d {]-`p
(_n) Io-v-kv
(kn) sj-n
(Un) dp-Uv-bm-Uv In-n-Mv
61. ]-m-\-Zn G-Xp Im-b-en-em-Wv ]-Xn-p--Xv?
F) th--\m-Sv (_n) th-fn
(kn) sh-m-b-Wn (Un) \-S-b-d
62. ]p-cm-X-\ H-fn-n-Iv-kn-se B-Zy hn-P-bn:
(F) sIm-tdm-_-kv
(_n) sP._n.sIm-tWm-en
(kn) Ip-_-n
(Un) Xn-tbm-tUm-jy-kv
63. _-ln-cm-Im-i-bm-{Xn-I-bm-b B-Zy C-y hw-i-P:
(F) kp-\n-X hn-eyw-kv
(_n) _-tN-{n ]m
(kn) B-c-Xn Kp-]v-X
(Un) I-]-\m Nu-f
]cn-ioe\ tNmZy-t]- 2
1.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
(F) Im-e-Sn
(_n) Xn-cq
(kn) tIm--bw
(Un) Xn-cp-h-\--]p-cw
tI-c-f km-ln-Xy A-m-Z-an-bp-sS {]-Y-a D-]m-[y-:
(F) k-Zm sI.Fw.]-Wn-
(_n) h--tm \m-cm-b-W-ta-t\m
(kn) X-I-gn
(Un) Pn.i--c-p-dp-v
"Kp-cp-hm-bq k-Xym-{K-l-'n-s thm-fn-b Iym-]v--\m-bn-cp-X:v
(F) sI.tI-f-
(_n) F.sI.tKm-]m-e
(kn) C.Fw.F-kv.
(Un) Sn.sI.am-[-h
"l-cn-t-kv' F-p t]-cp- Np-g-en-m-v F-hn-sS-bm-Wv ho-ip-X?v
(F) ssN-\m--S
(_n) k-lm-d
(kn) sh-n-Uo-kv
(Un) Hm-kv-t{S-en-b
"lm-en-bp-sS [q-a-tI-Xp-' G--hp-sam-Sp-hn {]-Xy--s- h-jw:
(F) 1987
(_n) 1976
(kn) 1986
(Un) 1988
"Nn-dm-]q-n-' G-Xp kw-m-\-m-Wv?
(F) A-kw
(_n) ta-Lm-e-b
(kn) A-cp-Wm-N {]-tZ-iv
(Un) \m-Km-em-Uv
"s^-d \n-b-aw' F-p-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p?
(F) `q-I-w (_n) a-g
(kn) \-Zn
(Un) Im-v
"sX-t A-ta-cn--bn-se tPm-Pv hm-jn-Mv-S-' F--dn-b-s-Xv:
(F) tPm-kv Un km-am-n (_n) {^m-kn-kv-tIm an-cm-U
(kn) ssk-a t_m-fn-h
(Un) sN Kp-th-c
"t_m-Iv-k e-l-f-' G-Xp cm-Py-m-Wv \-S--Xv?
(F) {_n-
(_n) Z-n-Wm-{^n-
(kn) ssN-\
(Un) d-jy
"B-bv-' cm-Pm--am-cp-sS X-e-m-\-am-bn-cp--Xv:
(F) h--e
(_n) ap-kn-cn-kv
(kn) Xn-cp-\m-hm-b
(Un) hn-gn-w
"I--q-e-' F- -e-v P-\n--Xv:
(F) {io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp
(_n) Ip- \-ym
(kn) Ip-am-c-\m-im
(Un) N--n-kzm-an-I
"Nn-e--Xn-Im-c-'n-se \m-b-I:
(F) C-f-tm-h-Sn-I
(_n) sN-p-p-h
(kn) tIm-h-e
(Un) Nm--\m
"tKm-U {Km-Uv-mw-' t\-Sn-b G-I-h-\n-X:
(F) am-n-\ ln-Mn-kv
(_n) s-^n-{Km-^v
(kn) am-n-\ \-h-c-n-tem-h (Un) ho-\-kv hn-eyw-kv
_w-m-tZ-in-s kzm-X-{y-n-\m-bn t]m-cm-Sn-b P-\-Io-b-tk-\:
(F) ap-n-_m-ln-\n
(_n) im-n-hm-ln-\n
(kn) c-ho-tk-\
(Un) Pm-Xn-b k-Mv-k-Zv
a-e-bm-f-`m-j B-Zy-am-bn A--Sn--s--Xv G-Xp {K--n?
(F) kw-t-]-th-Zm-Yw
(_n) tlm-q-kv a-e_
- m-dn-k
- v
(kn) cm-a-N-cn-Xw
(Un) F-s tdm-am-bm-{X
B-h--\--n-I-bn-se G--hpw `m-cw Ip-d- aq-e-Iw:
(F) en-Yn-bw
(_n) lo-en-bw
(kn) Im-_
(Un) ssl-{U-P
C-y B-W-thm-P-I-o-j-s B-Zy A-[y-:
(F) ta-L-\m-Yv km-l
(_n) kn.hn.cm-a
(kn) hn-{Iw km-cm-`m-bn
(Un) tlm-an P-lmw-Ko `m-`
C-n-cm-Km-\v-[n h-[n--s--sX-v?
(F) 1984 \-hw-_ 1
(_n) 1984 H-Iv-tSm-_ 31
(kn) 1984 H-Iv-tSm-_ 30
(Un) 1984 \-hw-_ 30
F-m {Km-a
- f
- pw ssh-Zyp-Xo-Ic
- n-s
- - B-Zy C-y kw-m-\w:
(F) tI-c-fw (_n) l-cn-bm-\ (kn) ]-m-_v (Un) A-kw
G-Xp a-X-hn-`m-K-am-Wv e--Zzo-]n G--hpw Iq-Sp-X-ep--Xv?
(F) ln-p
(_n) {In-kv-Xy (kn) ssP-\(Un) ap-nw
ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zn-s\-bpw sk---cm-_m-Zn-t\-bpw th-Xn-cn-p-
X-Sm-Iw:
(F) lp-ssk km-K
(_n) sIm-t-cp
(kn) ta-q
(Un) Nn-
tI-cf
-
- n \n-e
- S- e
- G-h
- pw Iq-Sp-X D-e]
v- m-Zn-n-p- Pn-:
(F) sIm-w (_n) I-q
(kn) F-d-Wm-Ip-fw
(Un) ]m-e-m-Sv
(F) Kp-]v-X
(_n) \-
(kn) au-cy (Un) ssi-ip-\m-K
66. "-A-_n-ko-\n-b'C-tm F-p-t]-cn A-dn-b-s-Sp-p?
(F) \-ao-_n-b (_n) kmw-_n-b (kn) sI-\n-b (Un) F-tXym-]y
67. Hm-kv-I t\m-an-t\-j t\-Sn-b B-Zy C-y Nn-{Xw:
(F) Kp-cp
(_n) Km-n (kn) e-Km (Un) a-Z C-y
68. tam-W-sb _m-[n-p- tcm-K-am-Wv:
(F) tKm-bn-
(_n) sa-\n-ss-n-kv
(kn) ]-tbm-dn-b
(Un) a-cm-kv-a-kv
69. tkm-Un-bw th- em-v G-Xp-\n-d-n {]-Im-in-pw?
(F) Hm-d-v (_n) a-
(kn) ]-
(Un) \o-e
70. "_-tbm-f-Pn-' F- hm-v cq-]-h--cn--Xv:
(F) A-cn-tm-n
(_n) Po em-am-v
(kn) {Kn-K sa-U
(Un) hn-eyw sPm-lm-k
71. "{Zm-hn-U I-g-Iw-' m-]n--Xv:
(F) kn.F.A-m-Zp-ssc
(_n) Fw.Pn.B.
(kn) C.hn.cm-a-kzm-an \m-bv- (Un) F.Sn.cm-a-dm-hp
72. "A-jn-ta-gv-kv tcm-Kw-' G-X-h-b-h-s-bm-Wv _m-[n-p--Xv?
(F) lr-Z-bw (_n) a-kv-Xn-jv-Iw (kn) I-c (Un) k-n-I
73. "Iq-p--c-hm-Zn-Xzw-' F- B-i-bw G-Xp cm-Py-p-\n-p-am-Wv
C-y `-c-W-L-S-\m-\n-am-Xm- kzo-I-cn--Xv?
(F) A-b-e-Uv
(_n) Hm-kv-t{S-en-b
(kn) {_n-
(Un) bp.F-kv.F.
74. ]-{X-kzm-X-{y-n-\p _m-[-I-am-b `-c-W-L-S-\m A-\p-t-Zw:
(F) 19
(_n) 32
(kn) 17
(Un) 23
75. `q-n-c D-]-{K-l--fp-sS {]-Z-n-W-]-Yw F-{X In-tem-ao- Db-c-n-em-Wv n-Xn-sN-p--Xv?
(F) 36
(_n) 1000
(kn) 3600
(Un) 36000
76. A--co--an-m-sb-n B-Im-i-n-s \n-d-sa-m-bn-cn-pw?
(F) \o-e
(_n) sh-fp-v (kn) Np-h-v (Un) I-dp-v
77. A-an-X-am-bn P-ew aq-{X-n-eq-sS ]p-d---s-Sp- A-h--bmWv:
(F) U-b-_-n-kv sa-en--kv (_n) U-b-_-n-kv C-kn-n-U-kv
(kn) sl-Wn-b
(Un) ^n-p-e
78. B-cp-sS Hu-tZym-Kn-I h-k-Xn-bm-Wv "cm-Pv-`-h-' F--dn-b-s-Sp-X?v
(F) ap-Jy-a-{n
(_n) kv-]o-
(kn) {]-Xn-]--t\-Xm-hv
(Un) K-h-W
79. B-kv-]n-cn-\n-s cm-k-\m-aw:
(F) ao-ssY km-en-ssk-te-v (_n) ss{S-tm-tdm-ao-tY
(kn) tm-tdm-]n-{Inw (Un) A-ks
- s km-en-ssk-en-Iv B-kn-Uv
80. B-Zy-am-bn ssl-{U-P t_mw-_v ]-co-n- cm-Pyw:
(F) P-m
(_n) bp-ssW--Uv In-Mv-Uw
(kn) bp.F-kv.F.
(Un) C-y
81. Im--ap-m-m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-p- tem-l-k--cw:
(F) a-t-en-bw
(_n) Up-dm-ep-an
(kn) s-bn-se-kv o
(Un) A-\n-tm
82. s]-t{Sm-fn-b-n-s A-kw-kv-Ir-X-cq-]w:
(F) ]m-c-^n
(_n) sI-tdm-kn
(kn) Sm
(Un) {Iq-Uv Hm-bn
83. tI-c-f-n-se G--hpw \o-fw Iq-Sn-b \-Zn?:
(F) I-_-\n (_n) `m-c-X-p-g (kn) s]-cn-bm(Un) ]-
84. Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn {io-aq-ew {]-Pm-k-`(t]m-p-e A-kw-_v-fn)
{]-h--\-am-cw-`n- h-jw:
(F) 1904
(_n) 1898
(kn) 1924
(Un) 1885
85. "{Xo tKm-P-kv-' A-W-s-v G-Xp cm-Py-m-Wv?
(F) P-m (_n) ssN-\ (kn) t\-m (Un) `q-m
86. "cmw-\m-Yv tKm-b- A-hm-Uv-' G-Xp ta-J-e-bp-am-bn _--s-ncn-p-p?
(F) ]-{X-{]-h--\w(_n) km-ln-Xyw
(kn) kn-\n-a
(Un) kv-t]m-Sv-kv
87. "F-tm-gpw ap-tm-v-' G-Xp Im-bn-tIm-k-h-n-s ap-{Zm-hm-Iyam-Wv?
(F) H-fn-n-Iv-kv
(_n) G-jy sK-bnw-kv
(kn) tIm-a-sh-v sK-bnw-kv
(Un) B-t{^m- G-jy sK-bnw-kv
]cn-ioe\ tNmZy-t]- 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
(F) _n-p-km-c
(_n) A-Pm-X-i-{Xp
(kn) k-ap-{Z-Kp-]v-X
(Un) _nw-_n-km-c
`-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS G-Xp `m-K-m-Wv "au-en-I Np-a-X-e-I-' Ds-Sp-n-bn-cn-p--Xv?
(F) B-dv
(_n) aq-v
(kn) c-v
(Un) \m-ev F
{Iq-kv-s^-v--tP--_v tcm-K-n-s a-sm-cp t]-cv:
(F) Nn- Kp-\n-b
(_n) A-jn-ta-gv-kv
(kn) {`m-n--ip tcm-Kw
(Un) sU-n--\n
A--co--n-se G-Xp ]m-fn-bn-em-Wv Hm-tkm D--Xv?
(F) kv-{Sm-tm-kv-^n-b
(_n) t{Sm-tm-kv-^n-b
(kn) F-Iv-tkm-kv-^n-b
(Un) sX-tam-kv-^n-b
ao-\-n-em G-Xp Pn--bn-se {]-[m-\-\-Zn-bm-Wv?
(F) I-q (_n) Im-k-tIm-Sv (kn) tIm--bw (Un) sIm-w
G--hpw th-K-n h-f-cp- ]p-h-K-k-kyw:
(F) s\-v
(_n) ap-f
(kn) cm-a-w (Un) I-dp-I
]-cp-n-r-jn-v A-\p-tbm-Py-am-b a-v:
(F) m-c-a-v
(_n) em--ssd-v
(kn) F--a-v
(Un) I-dp--a-v
]-e-kv-Xo hn-tam-N-\ kw-L-S-\ cq-]w sIm- h-jw:
(F) 1966
(_n) 1964
(kn) 1963
(Un) 1967
_n.kn.B-dmw-i-X-I-n D--tc-y-bn-ep-m-bn-cp- a-lm-P\-]-Z--fn G--hpw {]-_-ew?
(F) Im-in
(_n) tIm-k-ew (kn) Ip-cp
(Un) a-K-[w
_w-Km-fn Zzn-`-c-Ww \-S-n h-cp-n-b-Xv
(F) tdm-_-v ss-hv
(_n) hm-d tl-n-Mv-kv
(kn) hn-eyw s_n-Iv
(Un) U-lu-kn {]-`p
_w-Km-fn-se `-n-{]-m-\-n-\p cq-]w \-In-b-Xv:
(F) \m-a-tZ-hv (_n) cm-am-\- (kn) ssN-X-\y (Un) I-_o
G-Xp hn-f-sb _m-[n-p- tcm-K-am-Wv {Zp-X-hm-w?
(F) s\-v
(_n) Ip-cp-ap-f-Iv (kn) G-ew (Un) sX-v
I-en--v k-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS {]-Y-a ssh-kv Nm-k-e:
(F) Sn.F.P-b-N-{
(_n) s{]m-^. Fw.Fw.K-\n
(kn) tUm.tPm a-m-bn (Un) tUm.Fw.hn.ss]-en
tI-c-f t-v _mw-_p tIm--td-j-s B-m-\w:
(F) ]p-\-eq (_n) tIm--bw (kn) Xr-q (Un) A--am-en
tZ-io-tbm-Zv-{K-Y-\-n-\p- C-n-cm-Km-n A-hm-Uv B-Zy-am-bn
t\-Sn-b-Xv:
(F) e-Xm a-t-jv-I
(_n) \u-jm-Zv
(kn) kzm-an cw-K-\m-Ym-\-
(Un) hn-iz-\m-Y B-\-v
A-bn-tm-m-S-\-\n-b-aw ]m-e-sa v ]m-km-n-b h-jw:
(F) 1947
(_n) 1950
(kn) 1951
(Un) 1955
"kv-s\--kv Nm-v-' F-p ]-cn-tim-[n-m D-]-tbm-Kn-p-p?
(F) {i-h-W-ti-jn
(_n) c--k--w
(kn) Im-gv-N-i-n
(Un) lr-Z-b-an-Sn-v
\n-b-a-hn-cp--am-b \-S-]-Sn-I I-m kz-bw tI-sk-Sp-m aPn-kv-t{S-n-\v A-[n-Im-cw \-Ip- h-Ip-v:
(F) Izm-h-d-tm
(_n) tl-_n-b-kv tIm--kv
(kn) A-en-_n
(Un) kp-thm-tam-tm
{]-kn-Un-s\ ]-Z-hn-bn \n-v \o-w-sN-p- \-S-]-Sn?
(F) d-^-d-w
(_n) Cw-]o-v-sa v
(kn) A-sa v-sa v
(Un) tIm-v am-j
C-y-bn-\n-p-ap--h-v an-kv bq-Wn-th-gv-kv, an-kv th-Uv
]-- H-cp-an-v e-`n- h-jw?
(F) 1993
(_n) 1995
(kn) 1994
(Un) 1992
C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s kw-m-\ a-en-\o-I-c-W \n-b-{-W
t_m-Uv F-hn-sS-bm-Wv m-]n--s--Xv?
(F) X-an-g\
-v m-Sv (_n) tI-cf
- w (kn) l-cn-bm-\ (Un) D--{]-tZ-iv
G-Xp tem-l-n-s A-bn-cm-Wv K-eo-\?
(F) m-n-\w (_n) sN-v (kn) se-Uv
(Un) kn-v
H-mw tem-I-a-lm-bp--n-\pw c-mw tem-I-a-lm-bp--n-\pw
C-S-bn-ep- C-S-th-f F-{X h-jw?
(F) 21
(_n) 23
(kn) 19
(Un) 17
J-cm-h
- b
- n-\n-pw {Zm-hI
- a
- m-Im-sX t\-cn-v hm-XI
- a
- m-Ip- {]{In-b?
(F) Hm-Iv-kn-tU-j
(_n) k-n-ta-j
(kn) eo-n-Mv
(Un) en-tIz-j
(kn) A-m-a-s
(Un) G-gm-a-s
51. `-Ko-c-Yn-bpw A-f-I-\--bpw k-n-p- -ew
(F) {]-bm-Kv
(_n) tZ-h-{]-bm-Kv
(kn) hm-c-W-kn
(Un) sU-dm-Uq
52. `m-jm-Sn-m-\-n-ep- kw-m-\ ]p-\-w-L-S-\m-k-a-b-v
X-an-gv-\m-Sn-t\m-Sv tN--s-v Xm-eq-v A-m--Xv
(F) I-p-fw
(_n) tZ-in--\m-Sv
(kn) hn-f-h-tIm-Sv
(Un) A-K-kv-Xo-iz-cw
53. `q-N-e-\--fp-sS Xo-{h-X X-cw-Xn-cn- B-Zy-im-kv-{X-:
(F) tdm-a
(_n) B-{^-Uv sh-
(kn) Nm-kv F-^v dn-Iv-S
(Un) en-hn-Mv-
54. tI-c-f kn-hn k-]v-ssf-kv tIm--td-j-s B-m-\w:
(F) Xn-cp-h-\--]p-cw
(_n) F-d-Wm-Ip-fw
(kn) I-q
(Un) tIm-gn-tm-Sv
55. {]-Y-a C.Fw.F-kv.a-{n-k-`-bn(195759) Aw-K-am-bn-cp- Xmsg--d-bp--h-cn kz-X--m-\m-Yn-b-m-Xn-cp- hy-n:
(F) kn.A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m
(_n) tUm.F.B.ta- t \m
(kn) tPm-k-^v ap--t-cn
(Un) hn.B.Ir-jv-W-
56. C-y-bn G--hpw h-S-p- X-e-m-\ \-K-cw:
(F) {io-\-K
(_n) P-p
(kn) N-Wv-Un-K-Vv
(Un) sU-dm-Uq
57. ]m-{In-bm-kn-s {]-h--\-s _m-[n-p- tcm-K-am-Wv:
(F) Un-^v-Xo-cn-b
(_n) ao-kn-kv
(kn) \yq-tam-Wn-b
(Un) U-b-_-n-kv
58. "Fw.B.F-^v.-' G-Xv D-ev-]--hp-am-bn _--s-n-cn-p-p?
(F) Kym-kv (_n) S-b
(kn) _m--dn (Un) s]-t{Sm
59. "A-Un-k-kv tcm-Kw-' G-X-h-b-h-s _m-[n-p-p?
(F) A-{Uo-\ {K-n
(_n) ssX-tdm-bv-Uv {K-n
(kn) ]n-yq--dn {K-n
(Un) ]o-\n-b {K-n
60. tI-c-f kw-m-\w cq-]-h-Xv-I-c-W-n-s 25 h-jw ]q-n-bmn-b 1981 \-hw-_ H-n-\v ap-Jy-a-{n B-cm-bn-cp-p?
(F) kn.A-Nyp-X-ta-t\m
(_n) F.sI.B-Wn
(kn) C.sI.\m-b-\m
(Un) {]-kn-Up `-c-Ww
61. sh-w X-Wp-n-cn-p--Xv G-Xp X-cw ]m-{X-n kw-`-cn-ptm-gm-Wv?
(F) a-]m-{Xw
(_n) tem-l-]m-{Xw
(kn) ]v-fm-n-Iv ]m-{Xw
(Un) m-kv ]m-{Xw
62. ]m-gv-kn-I-fp-sS ]p-cm-X-\ A-n-t-{X--fp- D-Uzm-U G-Xp
kw-m-\-m-Wv?
(F) a-lm-cm-jv-{S
(_n) Kp-P-dm-v
(kn) tKm-h
(Un) a-[y-{]-tZ-iv
63. Ip-am-c-\m-im-s "ho-W-]q-hv' G-Xp ]-{X-n-em-Wv B-Zyw {]-kno-Ic
- n-X
- v?
(F) an-Xh
- m-Zn (_n) k-aZ- -in (kn) Zo-]n-I (Un) hn-th-tIm-Zb
- w
64. ssh-w ap-l--Zv _-jo-dn-s B-Zy-t\m-h:
(F) a-Xn-ep-I
(_n) t{]-a-te-J-\w
(kn) _m-ey-Im-e-k-Jn
(Un) ]m-p--bp-sS B-Sv
65. "sIm-ssS--\m-' G-Xp a-e-\n-c-I-fn-em-Wv?
(F) Im-c-tm-dw
(_n) B-c-h-n
(kn) ]-f-\n a-e-\n-c-I
(Un) \o-e-Kn-cn
66. H-mw ]--h--c-]--Xn-bp-sS Im-em-h-[n:
(F) 195156 (_n) 195055 (kn) 195257 (Un) 194752
67. Nn-d-Ip-I-fn-m- H-cp j-Uv-]-Zw:
(F) h-v
(_n) i-e-`w (kn) aq-
(Un) No-ho-Sv
68. C-y-bp-sS "sPm-hm Hm-^v B-v-' F-p hn-ti-jn-n-p-Xm-sc?
(F) Qm-kn dm-Wn
(_n) k-tcm-Pn-\n \m-bn-Up
(kn) C-n-cm-Km-\v-[n
(Un) d-kn-bm _o-Kw
69. a-e-bm-f-n-se B-Zy-s a-lm-Im-hy-am-b "cm-a-N-{-hn-em-kw-'
c-Nn-X
- m-cv?
(F) A-g-I-v cm-a-p-dp-v
(_n) ssh--v ]m-p-aq-Xv
(kn) A-g-I-v ]-Zv-a-\m-`-p-dp-v
(Un) sN-dp-t-cn
70. Ir-{Xn-a-a-g D-m-m D-]-tbm-Kn-p- e-h-Ww:
(F) kn-h ss\-t{S-v
(_n) kn- h A- b - s sU- U v
(kn) tkm-Un-bw tm-ssd-Uv (Un) tkm-Un-bw A-b-ssU-Uv
71. ]m-en-s\ ssX-cm-p- _m-Iv-So-cn-b:
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
(F) hn-{_n-tbm
(_n) kv-s{S-]v-tm-tIm--kv
(kn) em-Iv-tSm-_m-kn--kv
(Un) C-sXm-p-a-
sU-n--\n ]-c-p--Xv:
(F) sIm-Xp-Iv (_n) F-en
(kn) F-en-s-v (Un) aq-
a-\p-jy-s H-cp hr--bp-sS i-cm-i-cn `m-cw---- {Kmw B-Wv:
(F) 430
(_n) 630
(kn) 230
(Un) 130
"kp-h-W a-bq-cw-' G-Xp-am-bn _--s- A-hm-Um-Wv?
(F) km-ln-Xyw (_n) kn-\n-a (kn) kw-Ko-Xw (Un) Nn-{X-I-e
"C-ym-tK-v-' cq-]-I-ev-]-\ sN-bv-X-Xv:
(F) se I-_yp-kn-b
(_n) hn-eyw F-ta-gv-k
(kn) sl-s_-v t_-
(Un) F-Uzn ep-Sy-kv
]-Z-hn-bn-en-cn-s A--cn-, tI-c-f-n-se B-Zy-s a-{n:
(F) hn.sI.th-em-bp-[
(_n) hn.sI.cm-P
(kn) ]n.Sn.Nm-tm
(Un) hn.sI.th-e-
"Im-e-n-s I-t]m-e-n-se I-p-\o-p-n-' F-v Xm-Pv-al-en-s\ hn-ti-jn-n--Xv:
(F) jm-P-lm
(_n) D-kv-Xm-Zv C-k
(kn) c-_o-{-\m-Yv Sm-tKm
(Un) ap-l--Zv C-Iv-_m
G--hpw Iq-Sp-X P-\-km-{-X-bp- tI-{ `-c-W {]-tZ-iw:
(F) N-Wv-Un-K-Vv
(_n) U-ln
(kn) e--Zzo-]v
(Un) t]m-n-t-cn
Xm-sg--d-bp--h-bn `-c-W-L-S-\m-]-Z-hn-b-m--Xv G-Xv?
(F) No-^v C-e- I-o-j-W (_n) kv-]o-
(kn) K-h-W
(Un) B-kq-{X-W-I-o-j D-]m-[y-
Im-f-tm-cv G-Xp-cm-Py-s tZ-io-b Im-bn-I hn-t\m-Z-am-Wv?
(F) P-m (_n) Im-\-U (kn) d-jy
(Un) kvs
- ]-bn
{]-Y-a tem-I-I-v {In--v a--c-n hn-P-bn- cm-Pyw?
(F) sh-v C-Uo-kv
(_n) bp.sI.
(kn) C-y
(Un) ]m-In-kX
-v m
`m-c-X-c-Xv-\ _-lp-a-Xn--l-\m-b hy-h-km-bn?
(F) Pn.Un._n-f
(_n) sP.B.Un.Sm-
(kn) [n-cp-`m-bn Aw-_m-\n
(Un)c- Sm-
G-Xp h-j-am-Wv "-kw-t-]-th-Zm-Yw'{]-kn--s-Sp-n-b-Xv?
(F) 1789
(_n) 1762
(kn) 1771
(Un)1772
sU-n--\n-p Im-c-Ww ?
(F) _m-ISv- o-cn-b
(_n) ssh-dk
- v
(kn) ^w-Kk
- v
(Un) t{]m-tm-tkm-h
C-y-bn-se B-Zy-s Pq-X--n G-Xp kw-m-\-m-Wv \nan--s--Xv?
(F) tI-c-fw
(_n) a-lm-cm-jv-{S
(kn) X-an-gv-\m-Sv
(Un) ]-n-a _w-Km
{io-_p- C-l-tem-I-hm-kw sh-Sn- -ew?
(F) epw-_n-\n (_n) Ip-in-\-K-cw (kn) K-b
(Un) km-c-\m-Yv
"-Xm-k k-m-\w'\-Ip--Xv G-Xp kw-m-\-s K-hsam-Wv?
(F) X-an-gv-\m-Sv
(_n) a-[y-{]-tZ-iv
(kn) I-Wm-S-Iw
(Un) _o-lm
tI-c-f kv-t-v C-e-Iv-{Sn-kn-n t_m-Uv m-]n-X-am-b h-jw :
(F) 1957
(_n) 1964
(kn) 1956
(Un) 1967
tIm-mn-t\m-n-fn-s C-tm-g-s t]-cv:
(F) Hm-kv-tem
(_n) A-m-d
(kn) tSm-n-tbm
(Un) C-kv-Xm-_p
"-tbm-an-bp-cn jnw-_p' G-Xp-cm-Py-s ]-{X-am-Wv?
(F) ssN-\ (_n) Xm-bv-e-Uv (kn) P-m (Un) aym-a
G-Xp kw-m-\w hn-`-Pn-m-Wv Pm-J-Wv-Uv kw-m-\w cq-]-hXvI
- c
- n-X
- v?
(F) a-[y-{]-tZ-iv
(_n) _o-lm
(kn) D- {]-tZ-iv
(Un) H-do-
C-y-bn ap-kv-enw eo-Kv m-]n-X-am-b h-jw:
(F) 1906
(_n) 1907
(kn) 1885
(Un) 1916
tI-c-f-\n-b-a-k-`-bn G--hpw Iq-Sp-X {]m-h-iyw Im-n-Mv thmv {]-tbm-Kn- kv-]o-:
(F) h-w ]p-cp-tjm--a (_n) hn.Fw.kp-[o-c
(kn) F.kn.tPm-kv
(Un) Fw.hn-P-b-Ip-am
"-Zzn-cm-jv-{S kn-m-w' B-hn-jv-I-cn--Xv:
(F) a-lm-m-Km-n
(_n) ap-l--Z-en Pn-
]cn-ioe\ tNmZy-t]- 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
(F) \yq-tbm-v
(_n) jn-m-tKm
(kn) hm-jn-Mv-S Un.kn.
(Un) km-{^m-kn-kv-tIm
"-t_m-sj-hn-Iv hn--hw'\-S--Xv G-Xp cm-Py-m-Wv?
(F) {^m-kv (_n) ssN-\ (kn) d-jy (Un) bp.F-kv.F.
P-m-\n-se \m-W-bw?
(F) {^m-v
(_n) tUm-f (kn) bp-hm (Un) sb
a-m-t-cn-bn b-lq-Z--n m-]n--s- h-jw:
(F) 1498
(_n) 1653
(kn) 1567
(Un) 1577
a-lm-m-Km-n k-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS B-m-\w:
(F) I-f-a-t-cn
(_n) tX-n-m-ew
(kn) Ip-a-c-Iw
(Un) A-Xn-c-p-g
C-y-bn-se G--hpw h-en-b s]m-Xp-ta-J-em-m-]-\w:
(F) C-y sd-bn-th
(_n) _n.F-kv.F.F
(kn) F-b C-y
(Un) ln-p-m sa-jo Sq-kv
Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq \n-b-a-k-`-bn \m-a-\n-t-iw sN-bv-Xv Aw-K-am-s- B-Zy-h-\n-X:
(F) A-m- sN-dn-bm
(_n) B-\n a-kv-{Io
(kn) ta-cn ]p- eq-tm-kv (Un) sI.B.Ku-cn
"-A-Xn-n Km-n' F--dn-b-s--Xv:
(F) Jm A-_v-Zp Km-^ Jm
(_n) au-em-\m B-km-Zv
(kn) ju---en
(Un) kn.cm-P-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cn
sI-hn kv-sI-bn-en a-\p-jy-i-co-c-n-s km-[m-c-W Dujv-am-hv F-{X-bm-Wv?
(F) 310
(_n) 290
(kn) 300
(Un) 280
Iq-Sp \n-an-p- ]m-v:
(F) A-W-en
(_n) cm-P-sh-m-e
(kn) iw-Jp-h-c-b
(Un) s]-cp-m-v
`q-an-tbm-Sv G--hpw A-Sp-p n-Xn-sN-p- \--{Xw:
(F) {[p-h-\--{Xw
(_n) B-^m sk-z-dn
(kn) kq-cy
(Un) kn-dn-b-kv
"Kp-cp-ap-Jn-' F--dn-b-s-Sp- en-]n G-Xp `m-j-bp-tS-Xm-Wv?
(F) ln-n
(_n) sX-ep-v (kn) ]-m-_n (Un) X-an-gv
tI-c-f-N-cn-{X-n "]-d-n-I-' F--dn-b-s-Sp--Xv:
(F) U-p-Im
(_n) t]m-p-Ko-kp-Im
(kn) {_n-o-jp-Im
(Un) {^-p-Im
{^m-kn-se \n-b-a \n-am-W k-`:
(F) lu-kv Hm-^v tIm-a-kv (_n) \m-j-W A-kw-n
(kn) tIm-{K-kv
(Un) U-b-v
tZ-io-b bp-h-P-\-Zn-\w:
(F) Hm-K-v 12
(_n) P-\p-h-cn 15
(kn) P-\p-h-cn 12
(Un) H-Iv-tSm-_ 1
B-\-ap-Sn-bp-sS D-b-cw F-{X ao--dm-Wv?
(F) 2695
(_n) 2817
(kn) 2800
(Un) 2965
ku-c-bq-Y-n-se G--hpw h-en-b D-]-{K-lw:
(F) ssS-m (_n) bq-tdm- (kn) N-{ (Un) Km-\n-ao-Uv
{]-Y-a B-[p-\n-I H-fn-n-Iv-kn-\p th-Zn-bm-b-Xv:
(F) G-Y-kv
(_n) e-
(kn) _m-tm-v
(Un) ]m-co-kv
C-y `-c-W-L-S-\m-\n-am-W-k-`-bp-sS A-[y--\m-bn-cp--Xv:
(F) tUm.Aw-t_-Zv-I
(_n) tUm.cm-tP-{-{]-km-Zv
(kn) P-hm-l-em s\-{lp (Un) a-lm-m-Km-n
F--f-m-\m-Wv B-n-ao- D-]-tbm-Kn-p--Xv?
(F) th-Kw
(_n) D-b-cw (kn) a-g
(Un) km-{-X
{_n-o-jv km-{am-Py-s "sh \o-N-' F-v hn-ti-jn-n--Xv
(F) A--m-fn
(_n) ssh-Ip-WvT-kzm-an-I
(kn) N--n kzm-an-I
(Un) B-e-q kzm-an
sa-{Sn-Iv kw-hn-[m-\w \-S-m-n-b B-Zy cm-Pyw:
(F) {_n- (_n)bp.F-kv.F. (kn) ssN-\ (Un) {^m-kv
X-an-gv-\m-Sv kw-m-\-v ap-Jy-a-{n-bm-b B-Zy h-\n-X:
(F) P-b-e-fn-X
(_n)\-n-\n k-Xv-]-Xn
(kn) Pm-\-In cm-a-N-{
(Un) ^m-n-am-_o-hn
Cy-bn-se F-{Xma-s kw-m-\-am-Wv sX-em\
(F) 28
(_n) 29
(kn) 30
(Un) 31
{Sm-kv--ssk-_o-cn-b sd-bn-th G-Xp cm-Py-m-Wv \n-ann-cn-p-X
- v?
]cn-ioe\ tNmZy-t]- 5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
(F) Im-_
(_n) Hm-Iv-kn-P
(kn) ssl-{U-P
(Un) C-cp-v
82. {In-kv-Xp-a-X-s t{]m-m-ln-n- B-Zy N-{I-h-n:
(F) tXm-a-kv A-Izn-\-kv
(_n) tIm--ss
(kn) tm-hn-kv
(Un) A-K-n
83. hn- N-n km-ln-Xy s\m-t_-en-\v A-l-\m-b h-jw:
(F) 1952
(_n) 1953
(kn) 1954
(Un) 1955
84. "Izn-ss\-' e-`n-p--Xv G-Xp k-ky-n \n-v?
(F) B-S-tem-S-Iw
(_n) bq-m-en-]v--kv
(kn) ss]
(Un) kn-tm-W
85. G-Xp tem-l-n-s A-bn-cm-Wv "kn-m-_m-?
(F) a-o-jyw (_n) sN-v (kn) sa-p-dn (Un) C-cp-v
86. "ko-tdm-kn-kv-' G-X-h-b-h-s-bm-Wv _m-[n-p--Xv?
(F) a-kv-Xn-jv-Iw (_n) lr-Z-bw (kn) Xz-v
(Un) I-c
87. "_n-Kv s_-' tm-v F-hn-sS m-]n-n-cn-p-p?
(F) e-
(_n) ]m-co-kv
(kn) \yq-tbm-v
(Un) s_-bv-Pn-Mv
88. Xm-sg--d-bp--h-bn cm-Py-X-e-m-\-am-b \-K-c-ta-Xv?
(F) P-\o-h
(_n) s_-en
(kn) \yq-tbm-v
(Un) {^m-v-^-v
89. "kv-\q--' F- t]-cn-epw A-dn-b-s-Sp- Im-bn-I-hn-t\m-Zw?
(F) _n-ym-Uv-kv
(_n) ^p-Sv-t_m
(kn) tlm-n
(Un) thm-fn-t_m
90. "m-v j-k
-v (v I-cn-p-m-b
- m)-' F- kw-LS- \
- m-]n-X
- m-c?v
(F) ln-v-e (_n) m-en (kn) s_-\n-tm ap-tm-fn-\n
(Un) Km-cn-_m-Un
91. "t_m-Iv-k I-em-]w-' G-Xp cm-Py-m-Wv \-S--Xv?
(F) ssN-\ (_n) Cw--v (kn) P-m (Un) d-jy
92. {_-bv en-]n-bn F-{X Ip-p-I D-]-tbm-Kn-m-Wv B-i-bhn-\n-a-bw km-[y-am-p--Xv?
(F) 8
(_n) 6
(kn) 4
(Un) 7
93. "I-\y-Im-dm-Wn' sb- t]-cn tem-IN
- c
- n-{X-n {]-kn-b
- m-bX
- :v
(F) H-mw F-en-k-_-v dm-Wn
(_n) c-mw F-en-k-_-v dm-Wn
(kn) ta-cn cm-n
(Un) Im-X-dn
94. cm-Py-k-`-bn-se Xn-c-s-Sp--s- Aw-K- F-{X?
(F) 238
(_n) 250
(kn) 245
(Un) 233
95. "am-Pym-' F- t]-cv m-n D-]-tbm-Kn-p- cm-Pyw?
(F) skm-am-en-b
(_n) P-a-\n
(kn) ^n-e-Uv
(Un) lw-K-dn
96. Um-hn-s ]-cn-Wm-a K-th-j-W--p th-Zn-bm-b Zzo-]v:
(F) {io-e-
(_n) a-U-Km-kv-I
(kn) Km-e-m-tKm-kv
(Un) {Ko-em-Uv
97. tI-c-f-\n-b-a-k-`-bn-se B-Zy-s t{]m-tw kv-]o-:
(F) A-bn-jm-`m-bn
(_n) tdm- k - m ]p- q- k v
(kn) i--c-\m-cm-b-W X-n (Un) B.i-
98. l-cn-X-Kr-l-hm-X-I {]-`m-hw Im-c-Ww G--hpw Iq-Sp-X Nq-S-\p-`h-s-Sp- {K-lw:
(F) _p-[
(_n) `q-an
(kn) ip-{I (Un) sNm-
99. ]-h-Xm-tcm-l-I-\m-bn-cp- F-Uv-a-v ln-em-cn G-Xp cm-Py-m-c\m-bn-cp-p?
(F) \yq-kn-e-Uv
(_n) Cw--v
(kn) t\-m
(Un) Hm-kv-t{S-en-b
100. C-y-bn G-Xn-te-p- Xn-c-s-Sp-m-Wv tI-{ Xn-c-sSp-v I-n-j-s Np-a-X-e-b-m--Xv?
(F) tem-Iv-k-`
(_n) \n-b-a-k-`
(kn) X-t-i-kz-bw-`-c-W-m-]-\w (Un) cm-Py-k-`
Answers: 1 (a) 2(c) 3 (d) 4 (b) 5(c) 6(a) 7(d) 8(d) 9(c) 10(b) 11(b)
12(a) 13(a) 14(a) 15(b) 16(b) 17(b) 18(c) 19(d) 20(c)2 1 (d)
22(c) 23 (c) 24 (d) 25(b)2 6(a) 27(d) 28(d) 29(a) 30(d) 31(a)
32(b) 33(d) 34(d) 35(c)36(d)37(d) 38(a) 39(c) 40(a) 41(b) 42
(c) 43(c) 44 (b) 45(b) 46(a) 47 (a) 48(d)49(c) 50(a) 51(b) 52(b)
53(a) 54(c) 55(a) 56(a) 57(a) 58(a) 59(a) 60(b)61(d) 62(c)
63(d)64(c) 65(a) 66(a) 67(d)68(c) 69(d) 70(d) 71(a) 72(a)
73(b)74(c)75(c)76(a) 77 (a) 78(b)79(b)80(b) 81(a) 82(b) 83(b)
84(d) 85(c)86(d)87(a)88(b) 89(a) 90(c) 91(a) 92(b)93(a)
94(d)95(d) 96(c) 97(b) 98(c) 99(a) 100(c)
A\p-_w
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
ap sk{I--dn-am
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
PERCENTAGE OF RESERVATION
CLASS
Open Competition
Ezhava
Muslim
LC/AI
Viswakarma
SIUC Nadar
Dheevara
Hindu Nadar
Other Xian
Other Backward Classes
(Except those mentioned above)
Scheduled Caste
Scheduled Tribe
50
11
10
4
2
2
2
1
2
6
50
14
12
4
3
1
1
1
1
3
8
2
8
2
O.C
E
O.C
SC
O.C
M
O.C
LC/AI
O.C
OBC
O.C
SC
O.C
E
O.C
M
O.C
E
O.C
V
O.C
LC/AI
O.C
SC
O.C
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
M
O.C
E
O.C
M
O.C
SC
O.C
E
O.C
M
O.C
SIUC.N
O.C
OBC
O.C
E
O.C
ST
O.C
M
O.C
O.X
O.C
D
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
O.C
S.C
O.C
E
O.C
M
O.C
E
O.C
Hindu N
O.C
E
O.C
S.C
O.C
M
O.C
LC/AI
O.C
V
O.C
S.C
O.C
E
O.C
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
M
O.C
E
O.C
M
O.C
E
O.C
S.C
O.C
M
O.C
E
O.C
O.B.C
O.C
S.T
O.C
LC/AI
O.C
M
O.C
E
O.C
V
O.C
E
O.C
S.C
O.C
M
O.C
LC/AI
O.C
O.B.C
O.C
S.C
O.C
E
O.C
M
O.C
D
O.C
V
O.C
LC/AI
O.C
S.C
O.C
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
M
O.C
E
O.C
O.B.C
O.C
S.C
O.C
E
O.C
M
O.C
SIUC.N
O.C
O.B.C
O.C
E
O.C
S.T
O.C
M
O.C
O.X
O.C
O.B.C
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
O.C
S.C
O.C
E
O.C
M
O.C
E
O.C
Hindu N
O.C
O.X
O.C
S.C
O.C
M
O.C
LC/AI
O.C
O.B.C
O.C
S.C
O.C
E
O.C
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
M
O.C
E
O.C
SIUC.N
O.C
E
O.C
S.C
O.C
M
O.C
D
O.C
O.B.C
O.C
S.T
O.C
LC/AI
O.C
M
O.C
E
O.C
V
5.
6.
7.
8.
IDUKKI
The District Officer,
K.P.S.C. District Office,
Comercial cum Office Complex,
Kerala State Housing Board
Building(4th Floor),
Kattappana, Idukki 685508
Phone: 04868 - 272359
ERNAKULAM
The District Officer,
K.P.S.C. District Office,
3rd Floor,Eastern Entry Tower,
Ernakulam South Railway Station,
Karshaka Road, Kochi-682016
Phone : 0484 - 2314500
KOZHIKODE
The District Officer,
K.P.S.C, District Office,
Civil Station,
Kozhikode - 673020
Phone: 0495 - 2371971
WAYANAD
The District Officer,
K.P.S.C. District Office,
2nd Floor M.G.T Buildings,
North Kalapetta P.O,
Wayanad - 673122
Phone: 04936 - 202539
KANNUR
THRISSUR
The District Officer,
K.P.S.C. District Office,
KSDC for SC/ST Ltd. Building,
II Floor ,Town Hall Road,
Thrissur - 680020
Phone: 0487 - 2327505
PALAKKAD
The District Officer,
K.P.S.C. District Office,
Civil Station, Palakkad - 678001
Phone: 0491 - 2505398
MALAPPURAM
KOLLAM
The Regional Officer,
K.P.S.C. Regional Office,
Corporation Building,
Andamukkam,
Kollam 691 001.
Phone: 0474 - 2745674
ERNAKULAM
The Regional Officer,
K.P.S.C.Regional Office,
4 th Floor, Eastern Entry Tower,
Ernakulam South Railway Station,
Karshaka Road, Kochi-682016.
Phone: 0484 - 2317435
KOZHIKODE
The Regional Officer,
K.P.S.C Regional Office,
Civil Station,
Kozhikode - 673 020
Phone: 0495 - 2371500
Website: www.keralapsc.gov.in
Email: kpsc@keralapsc.org
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Views and ideas expressed in the articles and General Knowledge published in PSC Bulletin Silver Jubilee Special Issue
2014-15 are not, necessarily, those of the Commission. Edited and published by P.C. Binoy, Secretary, Kerala Public Service
Commission on behalf of Kerala Public Service Commission and Printed by him at Akshara Offset, Thiruvananthapuram