Design of SSSC-based Stabilizer to Damp Inter-Area

Oscillations Using Gray Wolf Optimization

Algorithm
Mahmoud Reza Shakarami

Iraj Faraji

Electrical Engineering Dept.

Lorestan University
Lorestan, Iran
M.r.shakarami@gmail.com

Electrical Engineering Dept.

Lorestan University
Lorestan, Iran
Faraji.iraj@gmail.com

Abstract A new metaheuristic method, the Gray Wolf

optimizer algorithm based on the foraging behavior of Grey wolf
is proposed in this paper for optimizing stabilizer parameters. The
optimal stabilizer is applied to static synchronous series
compensator (SSSC) for Inter-Area oscillation damping. There
are two different channels for controlling of phase and magnitude
of the injection voltage. When the SSSC is used for damping of
inter-area oscillations, a SSSC-based stabilizer can be included in
both channels. The proposed method was applied on a two-area
four-machine power system.
Results demonstrate the
effectiveness of the method in optimal SSSC-based stabilizer
tuning.

c
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INTRODUCTION

Damping inter-area oscillations is one of the major concerns

for the electric power system operators [1]. With the advent of
large power systems and interconnection between them, lowfrequency oscillations in the range of 0.2-2 Hz was observed in
the power systems. These oscillations may be damped after
development or remain in the system, their magnitude increase
and leads to instability of the system. Nowadays, power system
stabilizers, (PSSs), are widely used for damping low frequency
oscillations, but in some conditions, especially for inter-area
oscillations, stabilizers may have inadequate damping for the
system [2],[3]. Recent advances in power electronics have led
to the use of FACTS devices in the power system. These
devices are able to quickly control the network in different
conditions, and this feature allows their using for improving
power system stability [4]. Static Synchronous Series
Compensator (SSSC), is one of FACTS devices which is placed
in series with line and can control the power flow in the power
system by the change of its characteristics from capacitive to
inductive [5].

S
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Keywords Inter-Area Osillation; static synchronous series

compensator; Gray Wolf Optimization; Damping controller; Power
System Stability;

I.

D
I

There are two control channels to control the magnitude and

phase of the voltage, which are the magnitude control channel
and the phase control channel. When SSSC is used for damping
of mechanical oscillations, the damping stabilizer can be
included in the both channels. Mechanical oscillations in a
single-machine infinite-bus power system can be damped by a
SSSC-based stabilizer in the magnitude control channel [6] or
by a SSSC stabilizer in the phase control channel [7]. SSSCbased stabilizer in the magnitude control channel also can be
used for damping mechanical oscillations in a multi-machine
power system [8]. The effects of SSSC stabilizer in the two
control channels on damping inter-area oscillations has been
studied in [9] by quadratic mathematical programming. But,
with assuming that variation of the eigenvalues is sufficiently
small in iterations this method has good performance.
Different methods have been proposed for the design of
stabilizers such as pole placement [10], phase compensation
[11], residue compensation [12], linear programming [13],[14],
and modern control methods. Difficulties of these methods like
high computational burden and slow convergence speed
motivated the use of intelligence methods for design of
stabilizers, like particle swarm optimization [15-17],
differential evolutionary algorithm [18], genetic algorithm [19],
fuzzy logic [20], and other intelligence methods.
In this paper, a new method based on grey wolf optimization
algorithm has been used for the optimal design of a SSSC-based
stabilizer for damping inter-area oscillations. Using this
method, the damping effect of stabilizer designed in two
different control channels is analyzed and compared using
eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear dynamic simulations.

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Design of SSSC-based Stabilizer to Damp Inter-Area Oscillations Using Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm

II.

(VSC) based on Insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and a

DC capacitor.

POWER SYSTEM MODEL

A. Generators

A SSSC is installed on the transmission line between buses

i and j as shown in Fig. 2. The SSSC can be described as [23]:

In this paper, each generator is represented by a fourth-order d-q axis

model. Nonlinear dynamic equations for each generator can be given
by [21]:

i i s

(1)

(2)

2Hi

(Tmi ( I di Edi I qi Eqi )

Vinj mkVdc (cos j sin )

I L I D jIQ I L

1
( E Eqi ( X di X di ) I di )
d 0i fdi

(3)

Edi

1
( Edi ( X qi X qi ) I qi )
q 0i

(4)

Pei ( I di Edi I qi Eqi ) ( X qi X di ) I di I qi

(5)

D
I

Vi
open-circuit d and q axes transient time constants,

Vinj

S
f

Ed , Eq : d and q axes stator EMFs corresponding to rotor

transient flux components, respectively,

o
e

E fd : stator EMF corresponding to the field voltage q-d,

X d , X q : d and q axes synchronous reactances, respectively,

v
i
h

I d , I q : d and q axes stator currents, respectively,

Pe : Electrical power output of generator,

VT

1
1 ST R

+
-

1 STC
1 ST B

KA
1 ST A

Idc

Vdc
Cdc

III.

SSSC-BASED STABILIZERS

For controlling of phase and magnitude of the injection

voltage in SSSC. Two different control channel for SSSC-based
stabilizer in this paper as follows:

B. Exciter
The IEEE type-AC-4A excitation system [22] is used in this
paper whose block diagram is shown in Fig. 1.

V ref

VSC

XL2

Fig. 2. Structure of SSSC installed between buses i and j.

c
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D: damping coefficient.

XSCT

XL1

respectively

Vj

VSSSC

IL

X d , X q : d and q axes transient reactances, respectively,

(8)

Where Vinj is the ac injected voltage by the SSSC, m and

are the modulation ratio and phase defined by pulse width
modulation (PWM), respectively, k is the ratio between the ac
and dc voltage depending on the converter structure, Vdc is the
dc voltage; Cdc is the dc capacitor value, and ID and IQ are Dand Q components of the line current IL, respectively.

Where

, qo
:
do

(7)

dVdc mk

( I D cos I Q sin )
dt
Cdc

( X qi X di ) I di I qi Di (i s ))

Eqi

(6)

A. Phase-based stabilizer
Assuming a lossless SSSC, the ac voltage is kept in
quadrature with the line current so that the SSSC only
interchanges reactive power with the transmission line. By
regulating the magnitude of the injected voltage, the reactive
power interchange can be controlled. When the SSSC voltage
lags the line current by 90o, it simulates a series capacitor. It can
also simulate a series inductor when the voltage leads the line
current by 90o. Thus, a SSSC can be considered as a series
reactive compensator where the degree of compensation can be
varied by controlling the magnitude of the injected voltage. In
this paper, the SSSC is considered in capacitor mode. To keep
the injected voltage in quadrature with the line current, a PI
controller, as shown in Fig. 3, has been used. Here ref is the
phase of the injected voltage in steady-state and its value is
considered as ref 90o ss .

E fd

Fig. 1. Block diagram of the exciter .

C. Modeling of SSSC
The SSSC consists of a series coupling transformer (SCT)
with the leakage reactance XSCT, a voltage source converter

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Design of SSSC-based Stabilizer to Damp Inter-Area Oscillations Using Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm

ss is the angle of the line current in steady-state; TSSSC is

The GWO algorithm, inspired by the foraging behavior of

Grey wolf (Canis lupus) belongs to Canidae family. Grey
wolves are considered as apex predators, meaning that they are
at the top of the food chain. Grey wolves mostly prefer to live
in a group. The GWO algorithm mimics the leadership
hierarchy and hunting mechanism of gray wolves in nature
proposed by Mirjalili et al. in 2014[24]. Four types of grey
wolves ,alpha, beta, delta, and omega, are employed for
simulating the leadership hierarchy. In addition, three main
steps of hunting, searching for prey, encircling prey, and
attacking prey, are implemented to perform optimization.
The group size is 512 on average. They are accustomed
to living in are very strict social hierarchy. The leaders, which
are a male and a female, are called alphas (). The alphas
decision is communicated to the group. The beta () wolf is the
second member of a hierarchical society. The betas are
subordinate wolves that help the alpha in decision-making or
other group activities. It plays the role of an adviser to the alpha
and discipliner for the group. The lowest ranking grey wolf is
omega (). The omega plays the role of scapegoat. If a wolf is
not an alpha (), beta (), or omega (), he/she is called delta
(). Delta wolves have to submit to alphas and betas, but they
dominate the omega. Hierarchy of grey wolf as is shown in Fig
5.

time constant of the converter, and KP and KI are the

commensurate and integral gain of PI controller, respectively.
A lead-lag stabilizer for damping inter-area oscillations is
included in the PI controller. In this paper, the stabilizer is
named the phase-based stabilizer and for convenience, it is
called -based stabilizer. In this stabilizer, TW is washout time
constant, T is stabilizer time constant, and x2, x1 and x0 are
parameters to be determined. The feedback signal for the
stabilizer is selected among local signals as the line-current, the
line-real power, and the line-reactive power [9].
B. Magnitude-based stabilizer
To control the magnitude of the injected voltage,
modulation ratio m can be controlled. In this paper, this
stabilizer is called m-based stabilizer. Fig.4 shows the block
diagram of the m-based controller, where mref is the value of
modulation ratio in steady-state [9].

+ +

D
I

+
+

S
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Fig. 3. SSSC phase controller with a damping stabilizer.

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+ +

Fig. 5. Hierarchy of grey wolf .

A. Mathematical model and algorithm

The main phases of gray wolf hunting are as follows [25]:

c
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B. Encircling prey
A mathematical model for the behavior of wolves
encircling prey is:

Fig. 4. SSSC magnitude controller with a damping stabilizer.

IV.

Tracking, chasing, and approaching the prey

Pursuing, encircling, and harassing the prey until it
stops moving
Attack towards the prey

GRAY WOLF OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM

D C. X P (t ) X (t )

Wolves are social predators that hunt in groups. Wolves

typically commute as a nuclear family, which is different from
PSO and Fish Swarm, which usually move in relatively large
groups. Wolves remain silent and use stealth when hunting
prey, together. Unlike ants, which use pheromones to
communicate with their peers about food traits, gray wolves
forgo this kind of communication, which shortens the run time
of the search.

(9)

X (t 1) X P (t ) A.D

(10)

Where t indicates the current iteration, A and C are coefficient

vectors, X P is the position vector of the prey, and

X indicates

the position vector of a grey wolf. The vectors

calculated as follows:

A and C are

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Design of SSSC-based Stabilizer to Damp Inter-Area Oscillations Using Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm

A 2a.r1 a

(11)

C 2.r2

(12)

a1

Where components of a are linearly decreased from 2 to 0

over the course of iterations and

c1
a2

r1 and r2 are random vectors

C2
R

in [0,1]. With the above equations, a grey wolf in the position

of (X,Y) can update its position according to the position of the
prey (X*,Y*). Different places around the best agent can be
reached with respect to the current position by adjusting the

Dalpha

A and C vectors. For instance, (X*-X,Y*) can be

reached by setting a (1,0) and C (1,1) . Note that the
random vectors r1 and r2 allow wolves to reach any position

Move

Dbeta

value of

C3

Estimated position
Of the prey

(13)

D C2 . X X

c
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X1 X a1.( D )
X 3 X a3 .( D )
X (t 1)

X1 X 2 X 3
3

D
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D. Attacking prey (exploitation)

As mentioned, the gray wolf to stop attacking when the
prey is immobilized. In order to mathematically model
approaching the prey we decrease the value of a , Note that the

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f

fluctuation range of

A is also decreased by a . In other words

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A is a random value in the interval 2a, 2a and a is decreased

from 2 to 0 over the course of iterations. When random values

of A are in [-1, 1], the next position of a search agent can be in
any position between its current position and the position of the
prey. With the operators proposed so far, the GWO algorithm
allows its search agents to update their position based on the
location of the alpha, beta, and delta, and attack towards the
prey.

(14)

D C3 . X X

X 2 X a2 .( D )

Fig. 6. Position updating in GWO.

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D C1. X X

or other hunters

a3

between the two particular points. So a grey wolf can update its
position inside the space around the prey to any random
location by the above-mentioned equations. The same concept
can be extended to a search space with n dimensions, in which
the grey wolves will move in hyper-spheres around the best
solution obtained so far.
C. Hunting
These wolves have the ability to identify the location of
prey. Prey is guided by a leader group. In the first, the location
of the prey is not optimum. Therefore, it is assumed that alpha,
beta, and delta have a better knowledge about the location of
prey. Therefore, the first three best solutions obtained so far are
saved and the other search agents (including the omegas) are
obliged to update their positions according to the position of the
best search agents. The following formulas are proposed for
hunting:

Ddelta

(15)

E. Search for prey (exploration)

Grey wolves mostly search according to the position of
the alpha, beta, and delta. They diverge from each other to
search for prey and converge to attack prey. In order to
mathematically model divergence, we utilize A with random
values greater than 1 or less than -1 to oblige the search agent
to diverge from the prey. This emphasizes exploration and
allows the GWO algorithm to search globally. |A|>1 forces the
grey wolves to diverge from the prey to hopefully find a fitter
prey. Another component of GWO that favors exploration is C
, which contains random values in [0, 2]. This component
provides random weights for prey in order to stochastically
emphasize (C>1) or de-emphasize (C<1) the effect of prey in
defining the distance in Equation (5). This assists GWO to show
a more random behavior throughout optimization, favoring
exploration and local optima avoidance. It is worth mentioning
here that C is not linearly decreased in contrast to A. We
deliberately require C to provide random values at all times in

(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)

With these equations, a search agent updates its position

according to alpha, beta, and delta in a n-dimensional search
space. In addition, the final position would be in a random place
within a circle which is defined by the positions of alpha, beta,
and delta in the search space. In other words alpha, beta, and
delta estimate the position of the prey, and other wolves updates
their positions randomly around the prey. Fig 6 shows how to
update location of alpha, beta, and delta, respectively, in a twodimensional space.

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Design of SSSC-based Stabilizer to Damp Inter-Area Oscillations Using Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm

order to emphasize exploration not only during initial iterations

but also final iterations. This component is very helpful in case
of local optima stagnation, especially in the final iterations.
The C vector can be also considered as the effect of
obstacles to approaching prey in nature. Generally speaking, the
obstacles in nature appear in the hunting paths of wolves and in
fact prevent them from quickly and conveniently approaching
prey. This is exactly what the vector C does. Depending on the
position of a wolf, it can randomly give the prey a weight and
make it harder and farther to reach for wolves, or vice versa. To
sum up, the search process starts with creating a random
population of grey wolves (candidate solutions) in the GWO
algorithm. Over the course of iterations, alpha, beta, and delta
wolves estimate the probable position of the prey. Each
candidate solution updates its distance from the prey. The
parameter a is decreased from 2 to 0 in order to emphasize
exploration and exploitation, respectively. Candidate solutions
tend to diverge from the prey when A 1 and converge

x2 and x1 in (22)(24) and assuming

xz xz xz (z= 1, 2, 3) where x 1 , x 0 and x2 are known

Substituting

values, the constraints can be rewritten for lead structure as in

(25)(27) and for lag structure :

where x2, x1, x0>0 are the parameters of the stabilizer to be

tuned, T is its time constant, Tw is the washout time constant and
Tw is the torsional filter transfer function, if used.

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x2 s x1s 1 Tw s
(1 s )2 1 TW s

s sT

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becomes:

f ( s ) x0

and

D
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(28)

S
f

o
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(20)

x
x1
, x2 2 2 ,
x0T
x0T

(27)

Also the following functions are defined for increasing of

damping and shifting critical eigenvalues:

Considering x1

x12 4 x2 x0 0

Where 1 , 2 ,...N are a set of frequencies in the region

where the critical eigenvalue must be shifted.

1) Stabilizers Structure:
In this paper, it is assumed that the stabilizers zeros can be
adjusted and Its adopted the following a lead-lag structure for
f(s):

2) Constraints on the Stabilizers Zeros:

(26)

STABILIZER DESIGN BASED ON GWO

x2 s x1s x0 sTw
(1 sT )2 1 sTw

0.1x2 Tx1 10 x0T 2 0

F1 i 1| f ( ji ) |

terminated by the satisfaction of an end criterion.

f ( s)

(25)

3) Objective Function:
The following function is considered as the objective
function, which is the gain measure of the stabilizer at the
frequency i ; i=1, 2,..., N . As a criterion, in case two
stabilizers achieve a same damping ratio for a critical oscillation
mode, the stabilizer with lower loop gain is more valuable.

towards the prey when A 1 . Finally, the GWO algorithm is

V.

x2 Tx1 x0T 2 0

F2

F3

where

i 0

i 0

(29)

i )2

(30)

i )2

i is damping ratio.

i i i

(20)

(21)

(31)

(32)

i 2 i 2

Generally, the objective function is defined as:

Function F ( s) has a double pole at s 1 . According to [26]

For a phase-lead structure, it is assumed that zeros of F ( s) are
almost one-decade nearer to the origin than that of its poles, i.e.
they belong to the interval [-1 -0.1] and for the phase-lag
structure the zeros are almost one-decade farther from the
origin, i.e., they belong to interval [-10 -1]. the constraints for
phase-lead structure can be written as:

O.F min ( F1 w1F2 w2 F3 K )

(33)

Where w1 and w2 are weighing factors which are set to 40 and

65, respectively. Also K is the penalty value for applying
constraints (23)-(25) which are considered as follows:

x1 x2 1

(22)

G1 ( x) x2 Tx1 x0T 2

(34)

x1 0.1x2 10

(23)

G2 ( x) 0.1x2 Tx1 10 x0T 2

(35)

x12 4 x2 0

(24)

G3 ( x) x12 4 x2 x0

(36)

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Design of SSSC-based Stabilizer to Damp Inter-Area Oscillations Using Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm

Each parameter Ki for its corresponding constraint is calculated

as follows and all of them are added up with the objective
function.

The stabilizer parameters are adjusted by optimization

algorithm GWO.
According to the frequency of inter-area mode for the
calculation f (j ) of the objective function values have been

(37)

considered 1,3,5 . Also, the time constant of stabilizer is set

K K1.G1 ( x)2 K2 .G2 ( x)2 K3.G3 ( x)2

50
Ki
0

if Gi ( x) 0
otherwise
VI.

as T=0.4, and 0 , 0 selected to be -0.5 and 0.1 respectively.

Results for the optimal design of SSSC-based stabilizer with the
objective function (33) by GWO for three different scenarios
are presented in Table 3. In order to compare the stabilizer gain
( f (j ) ) in two channels, a reference value 2 rad / s has

(38)

been chosen.
The results of the eigenvalues of three scenarios with SSSCbased stabilizer optimized by GWO algorithm are shown in
Tables 5 and 6. Figures 8-10, show the response of 13 under

SIMULATION RESULTS

The simulations are conducted on a two-area four-machine

power system. A single line diagram of the system is shown in
Fig. 7. Data of this system is represented in [27]. To control
inter-area oscillations, a SSSC is installed on the transmission
line between buses 5 and 6. The loads are modeled as constant
impedances.
2

TABLE II.

GEN 3

SSSC

Area 2

L2

L1
GEN 2

Fig. 7. Modifed Two-Area four Machine Power System.

iv

For the proposed controller design, operation of the power

system is studied with three scenarios. The proposed scenarios
are created by changing the power transfer between two areas
through tie lines. For raising the transmission power in tie line,
the amount of load in area 2 is increased and so the load is also
modified in area 1. Table 1 shows the summary of operating
conditions in the light, normal and heavy scenarios.
TABLE I.

h
c

Transmitted
Power (MW)

r
A

Light
Normal
Heavy

350
380
420

Load of area 1
(MW)

Load of area 2
(MW)

950
920
890

1350
1380
1410

Damping
18.3887

-1.83680 j7.4386

23.9729

0.40336

20.6468

-0.14050 j1.9977

0.31794

7.01610

-1.16880 j0.6916

0.11007

86.0629

-0.55308 j0.8577

0.13652

54.1907

-1.239600 j7.73830

1.23160

15.8180

-1.566800 j7.51060

1.19530

20.4215

-0.397540 j2.60630

0.41480

15.0788

-0.063853 j1.96530

0.31279

3.24730

-1.235800 j0.87186

0.13876

81.7120

-0.579360 j0.82935

0.13199

57.2679

-1.252700 j 7.71210

1.22740

16.0334

-1.573100 j 7.50080

1.19380

20.5257

-0.474010 j 2.82720

0.44996

16.5354

-0.0097979 j 1.6721

0.26612

0.58595

-1.366100 j 0.79589

0.12667

86.4058

-0.584710 j 0.82883

0.13191

57.6458

S
f

It can be inferred from results shown in Tables 5 and 6 that the

proposed stabilizer improves damping of inter-area modes at
the three scenarios. Also, the stabilizer gain ( f (j ) ) in the

THE SUMMARY OF OPERATING CONDITIONS .

Operating
conditions

Frequency
1.22580

o
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GEN 4

Normal loading

Area 1

D
I

Pole
-1.44090 j7.7022

1.18390

C2

Heavy loading

C1

OPEN-LOOP OSCILLATION MODES .

-0.53479 j2.5344

Light loading

GEN 1 1

three operating conditions of the power system.

phase control channel is less than the magnitude control

channel. Therefore, the phase based stabilizer is more effective
for damping inter-area oscillations.

Analysis the eigenvalues and inter-area modes at the three

scenarios with a SSSC without stabilizer has been carried out to
calculate the response of an open-loop system. The results are
shown in Table 2. As the results show, the damping ratio of
inter-area modes are decreased by increasing the power transfer
of transmission line and tend to be instable at heavy service
loadings. In this paper, SSSC-based stabilizer is used to
improve stability and increase damping of inter-area modes.

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Design of SSSC-based Stabilizer to Damp Inter-Area Oscillations Using Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm

f (j ) 2

Pole
-1.54300 j7.68080

Frequency
1.22240

Damping
19.6953

0.0010277

0.014469

0.050811

0.0069813

-1.96890 j7.40440

1.17850

25.6975

-0.54180 j2.65430

0.42244

20.0000

-0.14249 j2.08370

0.33164

6.82230

-0.99371 j0.72473

0.11534

80.7950

-0.55638 j0.86148

0.13711

54.2532

-1.25400 j7.75740

1.23460

15.9583

-1.58180 j7.51610

1.19620

20.5940

-0.65311 j3.19960

0.50923

19.9998

-0.31540 j2.32070

0.36934

13.4674

-1.14740 j0.98062

0.15607

76.0194

-0.58026 j0.82611

0.13148

57.4780

-1.08060 j7.73420

1.23090

13.8370

-1.35470 j7.51020

1.19530

17.7517

-0.49666 j2.88740

0.45955

16.9519

0.0159800

0.230530

0.476460

0.1087000

-base

9.1327e-9

5.6239e-5

0.035531

0.021371

0.2080500

0.8917300

0.929030

1.27e-090

3.6239e-5

0.055826

0.033577

m-base

0.2042900

0.6803100

0.458470

0.846320

Pole
-1.54400 j7.67980

Frequency
1.22230

Damping
19.7099

-1.96920 j7.40390

1.17840

25.7033

-0.44338 j2.23940

0.35642

19.4218

-0.44330 j2.23810

0.35620

19.4296

-1.09800 j0.70509

0.11222

84.1446

-0.53802 j0.90269

0.14367

51.1978

-1.55210 j7.68610

1.22330

19.7939

-1.96290 j7.43340

1.18310

25.5315

-0.46955 j2.36140

0.37582

19.5030

-0.44916 j2.14400

0.34123

20.5041

-1.19540 j0.72422

0.11526

85.5286

-0.54186 j0.89974

0.14320

51.5904

-1.46360 j7.68190

1.22260

-1.83850 j7.45770

1.18690

-0.47116 j2.74540

0.43694

-0.33959 j1.64610

0.26198

-1.55420 j0.97067

0.15449

-0.54183 j0.91457

0.14556

0.2
0.15
0.1

0.31973

18.9255

-1.47540 j1.10440

0.17577

80.0571

-0.62335 j0.81722

0.13006

60.6478

o
e

18.7164
23.9363
16.9147
20.2045

0.1

No Stabilizer
m-base Stabilizer
-base Stabilizer

-0.1

84.8178

Time (sec)

10

15

50.9706

Fig. 9. Rotor angle difference between G1 and G3 (Normal loading).

0.4

No stabilizer
m-base stabilizer
-base stabilizer

No Stabilizer
-base Stabilizer
m-base Stabilizer

0.3

0.05

0.2
0.1
0

-0.1

-0.2

-0.05
-0.1

-0.38720 j2.00890

S
f

0.2

v
i
h

c
r

D
I

13

Light loading
Normal loading
Heavy loading

CLOSE-LOOP OSCILLATION MODES IN -BASED STABILIZER.

0.25

13
Angle (G1-G3),rad

1.074300

-base

TABLE IV.

Light loading

x0

Angle (G1-G3),rad

Heavy

x1

m-base

m-base

CLOSE-LOOP OSCILLATION MODES IN M-BASED STABILIZER.

x2

13
Angle (G1-G3),rad

Normal

Light

-base

TABLE V.

Normal loading

Operation
Point

OPTIMAL PARAMETERS OF STABILIZES USING GWO.

Heavy loading

TABLE III.

-0.3

Time (sec)

10

15

Fig. 8. Rotor angle difference between G1 and G3 (Light loading).

Time (sec)

10

15

Fig. 10. Rotor angle difference between G1 and G3 (Heavy loading).

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Design of SSSC-based Stabilizer to Damp Inter-Area Oscillations Using Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm

I.

[14] Pourbeik P, Gibbard MJ. Simultaneous coordination of power system

stabilizers and FACTS device stabilizers in a multimachine power system
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CONCLUSION

In this paper a new method, GWO, is used for design SSSC

based stabilizer to improve damping of inter-area oscillations.
The results show that the proposed method has good
performance and effective adjustment mechanism for optimal
tuning of stabilizer. Obtained results on a multi-machine power
system under different operating conditions show that when the
SSSC-based stabilizer is used for phase control channel,
comparing the magnitude control channel, is more effective for
damping of inter-area.
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