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37: Soil and Plant Nutrition

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SiteTitle: CampbellBiology,8/e
BookTitle: Biology,8/e
BookAuthor: Campbell
Locationon 37:SoilandPlantNutrition>Practice
Site: Test
Submitted: February25,2013at5:21PM(UTC/GMT)
83%Correctof30questions

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1.

The"dustbowl"ofthe1930sresultedfrom_______(

Overview)

YourAnswer: theremovalofthenativegrassesthatheldthesoilinplaceand
plantingofagriculturalcrops

Correct.Nativegrassesthathadevolvedinthatareahelpedtoholdthesoilinplaceand
couldtoleratetheclimateextremesofthearea.Whenthesenativeplantswere
removed,soilerosionbecameahugeproblem.

2.

Soilcaneasilybecomedeficientin_____,becausetheseionsarenegativelycharged
anddonotsticktonegativelychargedsoilparticles.( Concept37.1)
YourAnswer: nitrate

Correct.NO3 isnegativelychargedandnottightlyboundtosoilparticles.

3.

Theparticlesinsoilareimportantbecausethey_____.(

Concept37.1)

YourAnswer: arechargedandholdionsneededbyplants

Correct.Thesurfacesofsoilparticlesarenegativelycharged,andtheyattractandhelp
retainpositivelychargedmineralswithinthesoil.

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4.

37: Soil and Plant Nutrition

Fertilizersareusuallyenrichedin_____.(

Concept37.1)

YourAnswer: nitrogen,phosphorus,andpotassium

Correct.Farmandgardensoilsaremostlikelytobedeficientinthesemacronutrients.

5.

Whichofthefollowingwouldbeconsideredasustainableagriculturalpractice?(
Concept37.1)
YourAnswer: dripirrigation
CorrectAnswer: bothbandc

No.Dripirrigationisamuchmoresustainablewayofirrigatingthanfloodingfieldsor
sprayingthemwithwater,butthereisabetteranswer.

6.

Whatisthegoalofphytoremediation?(

Concept37.1)

YourAnswer: tocleancontaminatedsitesbyusingplantsthathavetheabilityto
extractandstoresoilpollutants

Correct.Someplantscanabsorbandstorepollutantsatlevelshundredsoftimes
greaterthanotherplants.Phytoremediationshowspromiseforcleaningupareas
contaminatedbysmelters,miningoperations,ornucleartesting.

7.

WhydofarmersneedtobeconcernedwiththepHlevelofsoil?(

Concept37.1)

YourAnswer: ThepHlevelofsoilaffectscationexchangeandinfluencesthechemical
formofminerals.

Correct.Anessentialelementcouldbeabundant,butplantsmaybestarvingforthat
elementbecauseitisboundtootightlytosoilparticlesorisinachemicalformtheplant
cannotabsorb.

8.

AtlowsoilpHlevels(5orless),whatcanhappen?(

Concept37.1)

YourAnswer: Toxicaluminumionsbecomemoreavailable,stuntingtheplant's
growth.

Correct.AluminumionsarenotbioavailableaboveapHof5.AtpH'sbelow5,however,
theyarereadilyabsorbedbyplantsandhavetoxiceffects.

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9.

37: Soil and Plant Nutrition

Phytoremediationisshowingpromiseasasustainable,costeffectivewayto
decontaminatesoilandwater.InthecaseofahyperaccumulaterlikeThlaspi
caerulescens,however,whatmightbeadrawbackofthetechnology?( Concept
37.1)
YourAnswer: bothcandd

Correct.Theseplantsmaybeeffectiveindecontaminatingthesoil,butiftheyare
eaten,theywillcontaminatethefoodchain.

10.

Thebiologicalprocessthatproducesmostofthedryweightofaplantiscalled_____.(
Concept37.2)
YourAnswer: photosynthesis

Correct.PhotosynthesisisthebiologicalprocessthatconvertsCO2andwaterto
carbohydratessuchassugar,starch,andcellulose.

11.

Whichofthefollowingsubstancesdoesaplantobtainfromtheair?(

Concept37.2)

YourAnswer: carbon

Correct.CarbonisobtainedintheformofatmosphericCO2.

12.

ProfessorScheinmanclaimstohavediscoveredanewmacronutrientrequiredforplant
growth.Mostoftheprofessor'scolleaguesareskepticalofthisclaim.Whymightthey
consideritunlikely?( Concept37.2)
YourAnswer: Anynutrientneededinlargeamounts(macronutrient)hasprobably
beennotedalready.

Correct.Itiseasiertodeterminetheneedforamineralneededinlargeamountsthan
todeterminetheneedforanutrientneededinonlytraceamounts.

13.

Ifaplant'sleavesareyellowing,itmaybethattheplantisdeficientintheelements
neededtomakechlorophyll,oneofwhichis_____.( Concept37.2)
YourAnswer: magnesium

Correct.Adeficiencyofmagnesium,animportantcomponentofchlorophyll,canresult
inchlorosis,orayellowingoftheleaves.

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14.

37: Soil and Plant Nutrition

Ifaplantisdeficientin_____,itwillnotbeabletomakeDNA.(

Concept37.2)

YourAnswer: phosphorus

Correct.Phosphorusisanimportantcomponentofnucleicacids.

15.

Soilcouldbedeficientinanyofthefollowingnutrients.Ifyouhadtosupplyoneof
them,whichwouldbeneededinthesmallestamount?( Concept37.2)
YourAnswer: iron

Correct.Ironisamicronutrient.

16.

Whichofthefollowingisleastlikelytobedeficientinsoil?(

Concept37.2)

YourAnswer: iron

Correct.Ironisamicronutrient.

17.

Whichistrueregardingmineraldeficiencysymptomsinplants?(

Concept37.2)

YourAnswer: Symptomsofmineraldeficiencyalwaysshowupinolderleaves
first.
CorrectAnswer: Growingtissueswouldnotshowsignsofmineraldeficiencyof
mobilenutrientsbeforeoldertissues.

No.Mobilityofthenutrientisafactor.

18.

Whenyouadd"plantfood"toyourpottedgeraniums,youareactuallyprovidingthe
plantwith_____.( Concept37.2)
YourAnswer: alloftheabove
CorrectAnswer: minerals

No.Onlyoneoftheotherchoicesiscorrect.

19.

Howdidtheadditionofageneforcitratesynthesisincreasethetoleranceoftobacco
andpapayaplantstohighaluminumconcentrationsinthesoil?( Concept37.2)
YourAnswer: Thecitricacidproducedbytheplantsboundthefreealuminuminthe

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37: Soil and Plant Nutrition

soil,makingitlessavailabletobetakenupbytheplants.

Correct.Bybindingthefreealuminuminthesoil,thecitricacidputthealuminumina
formthattheplantscannotabsorb.Thealuminumisstillinthesoil,butitisnot
bioavailableinitsboundform.

20.

Whatsuppliestheenergyformostofthemicroorganismsintherhizosphere?(
Concept37.3)
YourAnswer: nitrogenfixingbacteria
CorrectAnswer: plants

No.Carbohydratessuppliedbytheplantsfueltherhizosphere.

21.

Themostabundantgasinouratmospherecannotbeusedbyplantsdirectlyinits
atmosphericformandis,therefore,capturedbycertainbacteriathatlivesymbiotically
intheirroots.Whatisthisgas?( Concept37.3)
YourAnswer: nitrogen

Correct.Despitethefactthattheatmosphereis80%nitrogengas,plantscannotuse
theelementinthatformandfrequentlysufferfromnitrogendeficiency.

22.

Nitrogenfixationis_____.(

Concept37.3)

YourAnswer: convertingnitrogenintheairtoaformusablebyplants

Correct.Nitrogenfixationistheconversionofatmosphericnitrogentoammonia,which
isthenconvertedtoammonium.

23.

Theenzymethatcatalyzestheconversionofatmosphericnitrogentoammoniais
_____.( Concept37.3)
YourAnswer: nitrogenase

Correct.NitrogenasereducesN2toNH3byaddingelectronsandhydrogenions.

24.

Whichofthefollowingorganismscanfixnitrogen?(

Concept37.3)

YourAnswer: bacteria

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37: Soil and Plant Nutrition

Correct.Allnitrogenfixingorganismsareprokaryotic.

25.

Legumes(membersofthepeafamily)haverootswithswellingscallednodulesthat
_____.( Concept37.3)
YourAnswer: containnitrogenfixingbacteria

Correct.Legumerootshaveswellingscallednodulesthatcontainnitrogenfixing
bacteriaofthegenusRhizobium.

26.

WhichofthesedescribestheinitialinteractionbetweenRhizobiumandasoybeanroot?
( Concept37.3)
YourAnswer: Thenoduledevelopsvasculartissue.
CorrectAnswer: SoybeanssecreteflavonoidsthataredetectedbyRhizobium.

No.Thisisoneofthelaststagesintheformationofarootnodule.

27.

Inrootnodules,themutualisticassociationbetweenplantsandbacteria,theplants
provide_______,andthebacteriaprovide_______.( Concept37.3)
YourAnswer: carbohydratesfixednitrogen

Correct.Plantsprovidecarbohydratesforenergy,andbacteriaprovidenitrogeninaform
thattheplantscanassimilate.

28.

Mycorrhizaedevelop_____.(

Concept37.3)

YourAnswer: betweenrootsandbeneficialfungi

Correct.Mycorrhizaearemodifiedrootsconsistingofamutualisticassociationofroots
andfungi.

29.

Whichofthefollowingistrueofmycorrhizae?(

Concept37.3)

YourAnswer: Arbuscularmycorrhizaedonothaveadensemantleensheathingroots.

Correct.Amicroscopeisneededtoseethefinefungalhyphaethatextendfromtheroot
intothesoil.

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30.

37: Soil and Plant Nutrition

Bytrappinginsects,carnivorousplantsobtain_____,whichtheyneed_____.(
Concept37.3)
YourAnswer: nitrogentomakeprotein

Correct.Thesoilthatcarnivorousplantsinhabitistypicallyverynitrogendeficient.The
plantsneedanothersourceofnitrogentomakeproteins.

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