LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

PRODUCTION AND DELIVER

FOR BIOREFINERIES

Mariusz Stolarski, Stefan Szczukowski,

Jzef Tworkowski, Micha Krzyaniak
University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland

PRESENTATION PLAN

Introduction situation in Poland

Productivity of chosen perennial energetic plants

Harvest technology and biomass logistic chain

Conclusions

Structure of energy production in Poland [%]

(GUS 2010)

year 2020



15%




KDUGFRDO
EURZQFRDO
RLO



QDWXUDOJDV
UHQHZDEOH
HQHUJ\





Structure of renewable energy production

in Poland and in the EU-25 (GUS 2011)

8(



3RODQG




















 


VRLOGELRPDVV

VRODU


ZDWHU

 




ZLQG


ELRJDV






ELRIXHOV

JHRWKHUPDO


ZDVWH

The share of non-forests biomass in total use of

biomass in energy production (

Regulation of the Minister of Economy of 14 August 2008, J.

of Laws no. 156, item 969)

Perennial energetic plants

Miscanthus
sinnensis giganteus

3KRW06WRODUVNL

Virginia mallow
(Sida hermaphrodita Rusby)

3KRW06WRODUVNL

2QH\HDUROGZLOORZ
VWHPVSalix viminalis

3KRW06WRODUVNL

)RXU\HDUROGZLOORZVWHPVRQIRXU\HDUROGVWXPSV

3KRW06WRODUVNL

)RXU\HDUROGZLOORZVWHPVRQIRXU\HDUROGVWXPSV

3K W 0 6W O
3KRW06WRODUVNL

Eko-Salix

3KRW06WRODUVNL

3KRW06
3KRW06WRODUVNL
06
6

7ZR\HDUROGSRSODUVWHPVRQWZR\HDUROGVWXPSV

The area of energy crops for solid biomass production

in Poland in 2009 (ha) (Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture)

Salix
Populus
Betula
Alnus

6 160
648
17
6

Miscanthus x giganteus

1 833
1 364
53

Perennial grasses

Phalaris arundinacea

Sida hermaphrodita

Total

122
10 202

Perennial energy plants in the structure of

agricultural land
Agricultural
land
ca 15.5 mln ha

The area perennial

energy plants
2010 r. ca 10,000 ha

% of Agricultural
land
0.06%

The area perennial energy

plants
2020 r. ca 500,000 ha

% of Agricultural
land
3.23%

$UDEOHODQGSRWHQWLDOO\VXLWDEOHIRUWKHFXOWLYDWLRQRISHUHQQLDO
HQHUJ\SODQWVLQ3RODQG-DGF]\V]\QLLQ,81*3,%

5HJLRQ
GROQROVNLH
NXMDZVNRSRP
OXEHOVNLH
OXEXVNLH
yG]NLH
PDRSROVNLH
PD]RZLHFNLH
RSROVNLH
SRGNDUSDFNLH
SRGODVNLH
SRPRUVNLH
OVNLH
ZLWRNU]\VNLH
ZDUPLVNRPD]
ZLHONRSROVNLH
]DFKRGQLRSRP
7RWDO

WKRXVDQGKD







































Projected area of arable land for agrienergy

purposes in Poland in 2020 year
[Budzyski et al. 2009, Ku i Faber 2009]

%LRGLHVHODSSUR[POQKDUDSH

%LRHWKDQRODSSUR[POQKDFHUHDOV

%LRJDVDSSUR[POQKDSODQWVIRUELRJDVSURGXFWLRQ

6ROLGELRPDVVDSSUR[POQKDSHUHQQLDOHQHUJ\SODQWV

$*5,(1(5*<WRWDODERXWPOQKD

DERXW\HDUVDJR
QXPEHURIKRUVHVPOQ
IRUDJHDUHDPOQKD

Productivity of chosen perennial

energy plants

MAIN FACTORS INFLUENCING THE YIELD

OF BIOMASS

&OLPDWLFFRQGLWLRQV
6SHFLHVYDULHW\
6RLOKDELWDW
$JULFXOWXUDOWUHDWPHQWV
&XWWLQJIUHTXHQF\

*HQHUDOYLHZRIH[SHULPHQWDOVLWH

3KRW06WRODUVNL

alluvial humus
clay soil

2QH\HDUROGVWHPRIZLOORZRQWZR\HDUROG
VWXPS
3KRW06WRODUVNL

7KUHH\HDUROGVWHPV
RQIRXU\HDUROGVWXPSV

alluvial humus
clay soil 3KRW06WRODUVNL

Biomass yield of chosen perennial energy plants - UWM in Olsztyn

(Tworkowski i in. 2010)

6SHFLHV
Mean
Rosa multiflora

Salix dasyclados
Salix viminalis
Reynoutria sachalinensis
Reynoutria japonica

Silphium perfoliatum
Helianthus tuberosus
Sida hermaphrodita
Spartina pectinata
Miscanthus sinensis

Miscanthus sacchariflorus
WKD\HDU
GP

Miscanthus x giganteus




















Yield of biomass of chosen perennial energy plants ISSPC-SRI,

WULS and UWM in Olsztyn (Tworkowski i in. 2010)
WKD\HDUGP
,81*3L%

6**:

8:0

0HDQ















Miscanthus x giganteus

Sida hermaphrodita
6SHFLHV

Willow

Yield of willow biomass in selected researches

1RRI
FORQHV
YDULHWLHV

<LHOG
WGPKD
\HDU

+DUYHVW
IUHTXHQF\\HDUV

3ODQWLQJGHQVLW\
FXWWLQJVKD

8.>:LONLQVRQHWDO@









8.>/RZWKH7KRPDVHWDO@









































&RXQWU\DXWKRU

&DQDGD>/DEUHFTXHDQG7HRGRUHVFX
@
86$>$GHJELGLHWDO@
)LQODQG>7DKYDQDLQHQDQG5\WNRQHQ
@
(VWRQLD>+HLQVRRHWDO@

Poplar yields in selected researches

&RXQWU\>DXWKRU@

<LHOG
+DUYHVWIUHTXHQF\
\HDU
WGPKD\HDU

(Stolarski 2011)

5HPDUNV

%HOJLXP>/DXUH\VHQVHWDO@

\HDUROG
VWXPS



LUULJDWLRQFKHPLFDODQGPHFKDQLFDOSURWHFWLRQ
QRGUHVVLQJ

%HOJLXP>:DOOHHWDO@

\HDUROG
VWXPS



1RFKHPLFDODQGPHFKDQLFDOSURWHFWLRQQR
GUHVVLQJ

&]HFK5HSXEOLN>%HQHWNDHWDO@

\HDUROG
VWXPS



13.NJKD



a

:HDNSRVWPLQLQJVRLOVFRPSRVWPLQHUDODQG
PL[HGIHUWLOL]DWLRQ13.
NJKD

&DQDGD>/DEUHFTXHL7HRGRUHVFX@

\HDUROG
VWXPS



+HUELFLGHVXVHQRIHUWLOL]DWLRQ

&DQDGD>)RUWLHUHWDO@

\HDUROG
VWXPS



+HUELFLGHVXVHEHIRUHSODWDWLRQHVWDEOLVKPHQW

6ZHGHQ>&KULVWHUVVRQ@







*HUPDQ\>*UXHQHZDOGHWDO@

,UULJDWLRQPKD

6SDLQ>*RQ]iOH]*DULDHWDO@

*UHHFH>$UDYDQRSRXORV@

F\FOHV







13.NJKDSHVWLFLGHV

)HUWLOL]DWLRQLUULJDWLRQ

Yields of miscanthus in some European researches

[Lewandowski i in. 2000]

Country

Plantation
age (years)

Yield
(t d.m. ha-1
year-1)

Remarks

Denmark

4-6

7-15

70- kg N ha-1

Germany

3-4

4-20

80 kg N ha-1

UK

10-15

Switzerland

1-2

13-19

0- 80 kg N ha-1

Austria

22

No reaction for N if dose bigger than 80 kg/ha

Italy

2-3

30-32

120 kg N ha-1, irrigation

Spain

14-34

0- 120 kg N ha-1, no influence on yield

Greece

44

Fertilization and frequent irrigation

Turkey

28

0-200 kg N ha-1, low influence of N fertilization

Harvest technology and biomass

logistic chain

%LRPDVVHQHUJ\DQGFDVKIORZFKDLQ>6WRODUVNL@
%LRPDVVDQG
HQHUJ\IORZ

%LRPDVVSURGXFHUV

%LRPDVVFRPSDFWLQJ

(QHUJ\DQGELRIXHOVSURGXFHUV

(QHUJ\DQGELRSURGXFWVFRQVXPHUV

&DVKIORZ

Two-stage woody
biomass harvest

3KRW06WRODUVNL

Two-stage woody
biomass harvest bundling

3KRW06WRODUVNL

Two-stage woody
biomass harvest storage

=ELyURUD]EHORZDQLHZLHU]E\ 6WRODUVNL


3KRW06WRODUVNL

Two-stage woody
biomass harvest transport

3KRW06WRODUVNL

Two-stage woody
biomass harvest Biobaler

Harvest and baling of biomass in one

drive (Stolarski 2010)

3KRW06WRODUVNL

Two-stage
biomass harvest

chipping

3KRW06WRODUVNL

ZZZTXHUFXVRUJSO

3KRW06WRODUVNL

Two-stage woody
biomass harvest

3URWRW\SHRIZLOORZKDUYHVWHU.:(
VWHPOHQJWKWLOOP

K\GUDXOLFERDUGIRUELRPDVVXQORDGLQJ
KDUYHVWHUZLWKFLUFXODUVDZVDQGFRQYH\RUIRU
ELRPDVVWUDQVSRUWWRWUDLOHUZKHUHELRPDVVLV
FRPSUHVVHG
FRPSOHWHHOHFWURQLFFRQWURORIKDUYHVWHUZRUN

WUDFWRUSRZHUUHTXLUHPHQW!.0
ZZZPHWDOWHFKFRPSOSO

Storage of whole stems

3KRW06WRODUVNL

Two-stage woody biomass

harvest - chipping

willow chipping

3KRW06WRODUVNL

Two-stage woody
biomass harvest - willow chpis

3KRW06WRODUVNL

2QHVWDJH
ZRRG\SODQWV
KDUYHVWSURW\SHDQG
3KRW.2OEU\FKW

VLODJHKDUYHVWHUIRUVPDOO
RQHRUWZR\HDUROG
SODQWDWLRQ

3URW\SHIRUVPDOORQHRUWZR\HDUROGSODQWDWLRQ

2QHVWDJHZRRG\
SODQWVKDUYHVW

2QHVWDJHKDUYHVWRI
ZRRG\SODQWV

3KRW00XODUVNL

2QHVWDJHKDUYHVWRI
ZRRG\SODQWV

3KRW06WRODUVNL

2QHVWDJHKDUYHVWRI
ZRRG\SODQWVVWRUDJH
DQGWUDQVSRUW

3KRW06WRODUVNL

3KRW$5\END

Storage of wood chips

3KRW06WRODUVNL

2QHVWDJHKDUYHVW
RIZRRG\SODQWV
KWWSZZZDJURHQHUJHW\NDDSUDSOILOHVLPDJHQXPHU\
ELRPDVDMSJ@

Straw harvest technology

0LVFDQWKXVDIWHU
YHJHWDWLRQSHULRG

3KRW0*RVWNRZVNL

Two-stage straw
biomass collection

+DUYHVWLQJ
3KRW0*RVWNRZVNL

Two-stage straw
biomass collection

%DOLQJ
3KRW0*RVWNRZVNL

Two-stage straw
biomass collection
Field and short distance transport

3KRW0*RVWNRZVNL

Two-stage straw
biomass collection

Long distance transport

3KRW0*RVWNRZVNL

Storage of straw bales on ground and

in storeroom

3KRW06WRODUVNL

Storage of straw bales on the

concrete surface

3KRW0*RVWNRZVNL

Two-stage straw biomass collection - chipping

ZZZTXHUFXVRUJSO

3KRW06WRODUVNL

CONCLUSIONS

Perennial energy plants has a very high productivity

potential but we have to remember about plantation
management, suitable species and variety of the soil
conditions.

The average yield from commercial plantations on good

soils, will range from 9 to 15 t/ha/year of dry biomass.
However, the yield on soils of poorer quality, which may
from time to time become too dry, will be much lower
from 4 to 7 t/ha/year of dry biomass. In field trials yield
level is higher by 20-30% than in commercial plantations
and sometimes its higher than 25 t/ha/year.

One or two stage harvest technology give wide

possibilities to deliver lignocellulosic biomass for
biorafinery purposes.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Associate Profesor, dr hab. in. Mariusz Stolarski

University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland

e-mail: mariusz.stolarski@uwm.edu.pl
www.uwm.edu.pl/khrin