Description of the HDM-4 Vehicle Fleet Export File Format

This document describes the format of the Vehicle Fleet export file. Each export file is stored using the dBase file format (.dbf). As a result, this
document assumes that the reader has a basic understanding of the dbf file format, and dBase data types. Because export files are stored in
dBase format, they can be created/edited/viewed using a wide range of utilities including database tools such as Microsoft Access, and
spreadsheets such as Microsoft Excel.
A Vehicle Fleet export file consists of one record for each Vehicle Type in the corresponding Vehicle Fleet. Each record consists of 160 fields, with
one for each possible Vehicle Type parameter. The table below lists all 160 fields in the export file. The fields are listed in the order in which they
appear in the file. The following details are given for each field:

Name the name of the field

Type the dBase field type. Those used are character, numeric (integer), float, and logical.
Width the number of characters used in the export file to store field data (including decimal places for floats).
Decimal Places the number of characters defined in Width to be used for decimal places (including decimal point character).
Category the vehicle category to which the field applies (see below)
Comment - an explanatory description of the HDM-4 data item represented by the field.
Volume 4 reference parts of Volume 4 of the HDM-4 Series (Analytical Framework and Model Descriptions) in which the data item is used.
User interface reference a reference to the screen in the user interface where the data item is used.

Please note that not all fields are required for every Vehicle Type: some fields are specific to motorised Vehicle Types, some to non-motorised, and
some are applicable to both categories. The following symbols are used to denote which vehicle category each field applies to:

Denotes that the field applies to motorised Vehicle Types

Denotes that the field applies to non-motorised Vehicle Types
If both symbols are shown, then the field is used for both motorised and non-motorised Vehicle Types. Certain numeric fields (e.g. BASE_TYPE )
are used to store enumerated values. Where this is the case, a reference is given in the Comments column to the section at the end of this
document which lists the respective enumerated values. For a fuller description of all the parameters stored in the various fields, please refer to the
relevant parts of Volume 4.
Please note: when viewing an export file in Excel, each Vehicle Type/record will be displayed on a separate row of the worksheet, each column will
represent a particular field. The fields will be displayed in the order shown below. When creating an export file from scratch in Excel, ensure that
the first row contains the field names (as shown below), in the correct order, and with one field per column. The Vehicle Types should start on the
next row, with one Vehicle Type per row. There should be no blank rows between Vehicle Types. If you have any problems interpreting the file
format, try exporting a small Vehicle Fleet, and then view the resultant file using one of applications listed above.

Field
#
1

Field Name

Type

Width

DPs

Category

Comments

Volume 4
Reference
N/A

User Interface
Reference
Definition Tab

VEH_NAME

Character

20

User specified name for vehicle type

CATEGORY

Numeric

BASE_TYPE

Numeric

CLASS

Numeric

INFO

Character

99

LIFE_MODEL

Numeric

PCSE

Float

NUM_WHEELS

Numeric

NUM_AXLES

Numeric

10

TYRE_TYPE

Numeric

11

TYRE_NRO

Float

12

TYRE_RREC

Float

13

AKM0

Float

10

14

HRWK0

Float

15

LIFE0

Float

16

PP

Float

17

PAX

Numeric

18

Float

19

WEIGHT_OP

Float

10

20

WGT_UNIT

Numeric

21

ESAL

Float

22

EUC_VEH

Float

10

23

EUC_TYRE

Float

10

24

EUC_FUEL

Float

10

25

EUC_OIL

Float

10

Category of vehicle type (Motorised or Non-motorised). See below

E1

Definition Tab

HDM-4 base vehicle type upon which this vehicle type was derived. See
below
HDM-4 vehicle class to which vehicle belongs. See below

E1

Definition Tab

E1

Definition Tab

Long-hand description of vehicle

N/A

Definition Tab

E2-11

Definition Tab

E2-2, E2-4

Basic
Characteristics
Basic
Characteristics
Basic
Characteristics
Basic
Characteristics
Basic
Characteristics
Basic
Characteristics
Basic
Characteristics
Basic
Characteristics
Basic
Characteristics
Basic
Characteristics
Basic
Characteristics
Basic
Characteristics
Basic
Characteristics
Basic
Characteristics
Basic
Characteristics
Economic Unit
Costs
Economic Unit
Costs
Economic Unit
Costs
Economic Unit
Costs

Life model used for analysis of road user effects (constant or optimal). See
below
Passenger Car Space Equivalent factor
The number of wheels per vehicle
The number of axles per vehicle

E2, E3
E2-2, E2-3

Type of tyre for motorised vehicle type: radial ply, bias ply or super-single.
See below
The base number of recaps per tyre carcass

E2-3

Retread cost as a percentage of new tyre cost (%)

E2-7

The average number of kilometres driven (km)

The number of hours per year devoted to undertaking the essential tasks of
making complete round trips (hours)
The average vehicle service life (years)
Percentage of vehicle use on private trips (%)
The average number of passengers for the vehicle type

E2-7

E2-8, E2-9,
E2-11, E3-5
E2-8, E2-11,
E2-13, E3-5
E2-8, E2-9,
E2-11, E3-5
E2-11, E2-12,
E2-13
E2-14, E3-5

The percentage of passenger trips which are work related (%)

E2-14

The average operating weight of the vehicle type

E2, E3

Units in which operating weight is given (tonnes, pounds or Kg). See below

E2, E3

Number of equivalent standard axles

B1-5, C3

Economic cost of new vehicle

E2-11

Economic cost of a replacement tyre

E2-7

Economic cost of fuel per litre

E2-5

Economic cost of lubricants per litre

E2-6

26

EUC_LABOUR

Float

10

27

EUC_CREW

Float

10

28

EUC_OHEAD

Float

10

29

EUC_INTRST

Float

10

30

EUC_WORK

Float

10

31

EUC_NONWRK

Float

10

32

EUC_CARGO

Float

10

33

FUC_VEH

Float

10

34

FUC_TYRE

Float

10

35

FUC_FUEL

Float

10

36

FUC_OIL

Float

10

37

FUC_LABOUR

Float

10

38

FUC_CREW

Float

10

39

FUC_OHEAD

Float

10

40

FUC_INTRST

Float

10

41

AF

Float

42

CD

Float

43

CDMULT

Float

44

CR_B_A0

Float

45

CR_B_A1

Float

46

CR_B_A2

Float

47

PDRIVE

Float

10

48

PDRV_UNITS

Numeric

49

PBRAKE

Float

10

50

PBRK_UNITS

Numeric

51

PRAT

Float

10

52

PRAT_UNITS

Numeric

Economic cost of maintenance labour per hour

E2-10

Economic cost of wages for all crew per hour

E2-12

Economic overhead cost

E2-13

Economic interest rate (%)

E2-11

Economic cost of passenger working time per hour

E2-14

Economic cost of passenger non-working time per hour

E2-14

Economic cost of cargo holding per hour

E2-15

Financial cost of new vehicle

E2-11

Financial cost of a replacement tyre

E2-7

Financial cost of fuel per litre

E2-5

Financial cost of lubricants per litre

E2-6

Financial cost of maintenance labour per hour

E2-10

Financial cost of wages for all crew per hour

E2-12

Financial overhead cost

E2-13

Financial interest rate (%)

E2-11

Frontal area of vehicle (m2)

E2-3

Aerodynamic drag coefficient

E2-3

A multiplier of the aerodynamic drag

E2-3

Parameter of the rolling resistance model

E2-3

Parameter of the rolling resistance model

E2-3

Parameter of the rolling resistance model

E2-3

The maximum used driving power

E2-3

Units in which driving power is given (hp, kW, mhp or ps). See below

E2-3

The maximum used braking power

E2-3

Units in which braking power is given (hp, kW, mhp or ps). See below

E2-3

Rated engine power

E2-5

Units in which rated engine power is given (hp, kW, mhp or ps). See below

E2-5

Economic Unit
Costs
Economic Unit
Costs
Economic Unit
Costs
Economic Unit
Costs
Economic Unit
Costs
Economic Unit
Costs
Economic Unit
Costs
Financial Unit
Costs
Financial Unit
Costs
Financial Unit
Costs
Financial Unit
Costs
Financial Unit
Costs
Financial Unit
Costs
Financial Unit
Costs
Financial Unit
Costs
Forces
Calibration
Forces
Calibration
Forces
Calibration
Forces
Calibration
Forces
Calibration
Forces
Calibration
Forces
Calibration
Forces
Calibration
Forces
Calibration
Forces
Calibration
Forces
Calibration
Forces
Calibration

53

FPLIM

Float

54

B_VDES2

Float

55

B_VDES_A0

Float

56

B_VDES_A1

Float

57

B_VDES_A2

Float

58

B_VDES_CW1

Float

59

B_VDES_CW2

Float

60

C_VDES2

Float

61

C_VDES_A0

Float

62

C_VDES_A1

Float

63

C_VDES_A2

Float

64

C_VDES_CW1

Float

65

C_VDES_CW2

Float

66

U_VDES2

Float

67

U_VDES_A0

Float

68

U_VDES_A1

Float

69

U_VDES_A2

Float

70

U_VDES_CW1

Float

71

U_VDES_CW2

Float

72

VCURVE_A0

Float

73

VCURVE_A1

Float

74

VROUGH_A0

Float

75

ARVMAX

Float

76

SPEED_SIG

Float

77

SPEED_BETA

Float

78

COV

Float

79

CGR_A0

Float

Unpaved road impassability factor (1= fully passable, 3 = completely

impassable)
Desired speed on a bituminous two-lane road (km/h)

E2-16

Bendiness effect on desired speed parameter for bituminous roads

E2-3

Rate of increase of desired speed for a two or more lane bituminous road per
metre of road width ((m/s)/m)
Ratio of the minimum desired speed to the desired speed on a two lane
bituminous road ((m/s)/m)
The minimum width for a single-lane bituminous road (m)

E2-3

The minimum width for a two-lane bituminous road (m)

E2-3

Desired speed on a two-lane concrete road (km/h)

E2-3

Bendiness effect on desired speed parameter for a concrete road

E2-3

Rate of increase of desired speed for a two or more lane concrete road per
metre of road width ((m/s)/m)
Ratio of the minimum desired speed to the desired speed on a two lane
concrete road ((m/s)/m)
The minimum width for a single-lane concrete road (m)

E2-3

The minimum width for a two-lane concrete road (m)

E2-3

Desired speed on a two-lane unsealed road (km/h)

E2-3

Bendiness effect on desired speed parameter for an unsealed road

E2-3

Rate of increase of desired speed for a two or more lane unsealed road per
metre of road width ((m/s)/m)
Ratio of the minimum desired speed to the desired speed on a two lane
unsealed road ((m/s)/m)
The minimum width for a single-lane unsealed road (m)

E2-3

The minimum width for a two-lane unsealed road (m)

E2-3

Regression parameter of the VCURVE model

E2-3

Regression parameter of the VCURVE model

E2-3

Regression parameter for the VROUGH model

E2-3

Maximum average rectified velocity of suspension motion (mm/s)

E2-3

Standard error in the estimation of parameters of the steady-state speed

model
The shape determinant of the Weibull distribution

E2-3

Coefficient of speed variation within the traffic stream

Parameter for the critical gradient length model

E2-3

E2-3
E2-3

E2-3
E2-3

E2-3
E2-3

E2-3
E2-4, E2-5
E2-3

Forces
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration

80

CGR_A1

Float

81

CGR_A2

Float

82

RPM_A0

Float

83

RPM_A1

Float

84

RPM_A2

Float

85

RPM_A3

Float

86

RPM_IDLE

Float

87

IDLE_FUEL

Float

88

ZETAB

Float

89

EHP

Float

90

EDT

Float

91

PACCS_A0

Float

92

PCTPENG

Float

93

OILCONT

Float

94

OILOPER

Float

95

AMAXV

Float

96

FRIAMAX

Float

97

NMTAMAX

Float

98

RIAMAX

Float

99

AMAXRI

Float

100

WHEEL_DIAM

Float

101

TYRE_C0TC

Float

102

TYRE_CTCTE

Float

103

TYRE_CTCON

Float

104

TYRE_VOL

Float

105

PARTS_A0

Float

106

PARTS_A1

Float

Parameter for the critical gradient length model

E2-3

Parameter for the critical gradient length model

E2-3

Engine speed model parameter (RPM)

E2-5

Speed
Calibration
Speed
Calibration
Fuel Calibration

Engine speed model parameter (RPM/(m/s))

E2-5

Fuel Calibration

Engine speed model parameter (RPM/(m/s)2)

E2-5

Fuel Calibration

Engine speed model parameter (m/s)

E2-5

Fuel Calibration

Idle engine speed (RPM)

E2-5

Fuel Calibration

Idle fuel consumption rate (mL/s)

E2-5

Fuel Calibration

Base fuel to power engine efficiency factor (mL/kW/s)

E2-5

Fuel Calibration

Factor for decrease in engine efficiency at higher power

E2-5

Fuel Calibration

Drive-train efficiency factor

E2-5

Fuel Calibration

The ratio of engine and accessories drag to the rated engine power at 100
km/h
Engine drag as a percentage of total engine and accessories power (%)

E2-5

Fuel Calibration

E2-5

Fuel Calibration

Oil loss due to contamination per 1000 veh-km (L/1000 km)

E2-6

Fuel Calibration

Oil loss due to operation per 1000 veh-km (L/1000 km)

E2-6

Fuel Calibration

Maximum acceleration noise for vehicle (m/s)

E2-4

Maximum acceleration noise due to side friction (m/s)

E2-4

Maximum acceleration noise due to non-motorised transport (m/s)

E2-4

Maximum acceleration noise due to roughness (m/s)

E2-4

Roughness at which maximum acceleration noise RIAMAXk occurs (m/km)

E2-4

Parameter related to the material properties of the tyre (dm3)

E2-7

Acceleration
Effects
Acceleration
Effects
Acceleration
Effects
Acceleration
Effects
Acceleration
Effects
Tyre Calibration
/ Basic Chars
Tyre Calibration

Tyre wear coefficient (dm3/J-m)

E2-7

Tyre Calibration

Incremental factor of tyre wear related to congestion fuel

E2-7

Tyre Calibration

The volume of wearable rubber per tyre (dm3)

E2-7

Tyre Calibration

Constant term of the parts consumption model

E2-9

Roughness dependent parameter of the parts consumption

E2-9

Maintenance
Calibration
Maintenance
Calibration

The diameter of a wheel (m)

E2-3, E3-4

107

PARTS_KP

Float

108

RI_SHAPE

Float

109

RIMIN

Float

110

CPCON

Float

111

PARTS_K0PC

Float

112

PARTS_K1PC

Float

113

LAB_A0

Float

114

LAB_A1

Float

115

LAB_K0LH

Float

116

LAB_K1LH

Float

117

OPTLIFE_A0

Float

118

OPTLIFE_A1

Float

119

OPTLIFE_A2

Float

120

OPTLIFE_A3

Float

121

OPTLIFE_A4

Float

122

EM_HC_0

Float

123

EM_HC_1

Float

124

EM_CO_0

Float

125

EM_CO_1

Float

126

EM_NOX_0

Float

127

EM_NOX_1

Float

128

EM_PART_0

Float

129

EM_PART_1

Float

130

EM_CO2_0

Float

131

EM_SO2_0

Float

132

EM_LEAD_0

Float

133

EN_FUELTYP

Numeric

Age effect parameter in the parts consumption model

E2-9

Shape smoothing factor for the parts consumption model

E2-9

The minimum roughness to use in the parts consumption model

E2-9

Incremental factor of parts consumption related to congestion fuel

E2-9

Rotation factor for calibrating the parts consumption model

E2-9

Translation factor for the parts consumption model

E2-9

Constant term of the labour hours model

E2-10

Parts consumption exponent of the labour hours model

E2-10

Rotational calibration factor of the labour hours model

E2-10

Translation calibration factor of the labours hours model

E2-10

Regression coefficient for the optimal life model

E2-11

Regression coefficient for the optimal life model

E2-11

The minimum residual value of a vehicle as a percentage of the new vehicle

price (%)
The maximum residual value of a vehicle as a percentage of the new vehicle
price (%)
The maximum average roughness below which the maximum vehicle
residual value is achievable (m/km)
Calibration factor for the hydrocarbon emission model

E2-11

Calibration factor for the hydrocarbon emission and fuel consumption

relationship
Calibration factor for the carbon monoxide emission model

F3-2

Calibration factor for the carbon monoxide emission and fuel consumption
relationship
Calibration factor for the nitrous oxide emission model

F3-2

Calibration factor for the nitrous oxide emission and fuel consumption
relationship
Calibration factor for the particulates emission model

F3-2

Calibration factor for the particulates emission and fuel consumption

relationship
Calibration factor for the carbon dioxide emission model

F3-2

Calibration factor for the sulphur dioxide emission model

F3-2

Calibration factor for the lead emission model

F3-2

Type of fuel (petrol or diesel). See below

F2-3

E2-11
E2-11
F3-2

F3-2

F3-2

F3-2

F3-2

Maintenance
Calibration
Maintenance
Calibration
Maintenance
Calibration
Maintenance
Calibration
Maintenance
Calibration
Maintenance
Calibration
Maintenance
Calibration
Maintenance
Calibration
Maintenance
Calibration
Maintenance
Calibration
Optimal Life
Calibration
Optimal Life
Calibration
Optimal Life
Calibration
Optimal Life
Calibration
Optimal Life
Calibration
Emissions
Calibration
Emissions
Calibration
Emissions
Calibration
Emissions
Calibration
Emissions
Calibration
Emissions
Calibration
Emissions
Calibration
Emissions
Calibration
Emissions
Calibration
Emissions
Calibration
Emissions
Calibration
Not in User
Interface

134

EN_PRODVEH

Float

135

EN_PCTPART

Float

136

EN_PCTVEH

Float

137

EN_TYREWGT

Float

138

EN_TAREWGT

Float

139

EN_TAREUNT

Numeric

140

NM_WHEEL

Numeric

141

NM_PAYLOAD

Float

142

NM_VDESP

Float

143

NM_VDESU

Float

144

NM_A_RGH

Float

145

NM_CRGR

Float

146

NM_A_GRD

Float

147

NM_A_RMC

Float

148

NM_B_RMC

Float

149

NM_KEF

Float

150

EUC_PSGR

Float

10

151

EUC_ENERGY

Float

10

152

FUC_PSGR

Float

10

153

FUC_CARGO

Float

10

154

FUC_ENERGY

Float

10

155

CURRENCY

Character

20

156

EMRAT_A0

Float

10

157

EMRAT_A1

Float

10

158

EMRAT_A2

Float

10

159

KPFAC

Float

160

KPEA

Float

Energy used in production of vehicle (GJ)

F2-3

Average weight of load carried by vehicle

E3-2

Desired speed of vehicle on paved roads (km/h)

E3-4

Energy
Calibration
Energy
Calibration
Energy
Calibration
Energy
Calibration
Energy
Calibration
Energy
Calibration
Basic
Characteristics
Basic
Characteristics
NM Calibration

Percentage of parts made in the country of analysis (%)

F2-3

Percentage of vehicle made in the country of analysis (%)

F2-3

Average weight of tyre (Kg)

F2-3

Average unladen weight of vehicle (tonnes)

F2-3

Units in which unladen weight is given (tonnes, pounds, Kg). See below

F2-3

Desired speed of vehicle on unpaved roads (km/h)

E3-4

NM Calibration

Roughness coefficient of the speed model

E3-4

NM Calibration

Critical gradient for vehicle type

E3-4

NM Calibration

Gradient dependant coefficient of the speed model

E3-4

NM Calibration

Repair and maintenance cost model calibration factor

E3-5

NM Calibration

Repair and maintenance cost model calibration factor

E3-5

NM Calibration

Energy efficiency factor

E3-5

NM Calibration

Average economic cost of passenger time (per hour)

E3-5

Economic cost of energy used by NMT vehicle (cost/Joule)

E3-5

Average financial cost of passenger time (per hour)

E3-5

Average financial cost of cargo delay (per hour)

E3-5

Financial cost of energy used by NMT vehicle (cost/Joule)

E3-5

Currency in which all fleet unit costs are specified. Must be the same for all
vehicle types.
Inertial resistance parameter

N/A

Economic Unit
Costs
Economic Unit
Costs
Financial Unit
Costs
Financial Unit
Costs
Financial Unit
Costs
Fleet Info

E2-5

Inertial resistance parameter

E2-5

Inertial resistance parameter

E2-5

TBS

TBS

Calibration factor for total engine and accessories power

E2-5

Wheel type (pneumatic, steel or wood). See below.

E3-2, E3-4

Not in User
Interface
Not in User
Interface
Not in User
Interface
Not in User
Interface
Not in User
Interface

Values for the enumerated fields are as follows:

Vehicle Category
0 = motorised (MT)
1 = non-motorised (NM)
Base Vehicle Type
(MT)
0 = motorcycle
1 = small car
2 = medium car
3 = large car
4 = light delivery
5 = light goods
6 = four wheel drive
7 = light truck
8 = medium truck
9 = heavy truck
10 = articulated truck
11 = mini bus
12 = light bus
13 = medium bus
14 = heavy bus
15 = coach
(NM)
0 = pedestrian
1 = bicycle
2 = rickshaw
3 = animal cart
Vehicle Class
(MT)
0 = motorcycles
1 = passenger cars
2 = utilities
3 = trucks
4 = buses
(NM)
0 = pedestrian
1 = bicycle
2 = rickshaw
3 = animal cart
MT Life Model
0 = constant life
1 = optimal life
MT Tyre Type
0 = radial ply
1 = bias ply
2 = super single

Weight Units
0 = tonnes
1 = pounds
2 = kg
Power Units
0 = hp
1 = kW
2 = mhp
3 = ps
MT Fuel Type
0 = petrol
1 = diesel
NM Tyre Type
0 = steel
1 = pneumatic
2 = wooden