PRACTICE1

HeatConductioninaCylinder
IntroductiontoGeneralHeatConductionEquation
Frequentlyweconsideredonedimensionalheatconductionandassumedheatconduction
inotherdirectionstobenegligible.Mostheattransferproblemsencounteredinpracticecan
beapproximatedasbeingonedimensional,andwewillmostlydealwithsuchproblemsin
thistext.
However,thisisnotalwaysthecase,andsometimesweneedtoconsiderheattransferin
otherdirectionsaswell.Insuchcasesheatconductionissaidtobemultidimensional,and
in this section we will develop the governing differential equation in such systems in
rectangular,cylindrical,andsphericalcoordinatesystems.
Figure1.Threedimensionalheatconductionthrougharectangularvolumeelement

Considerasmallrectangularelementoflength
x,widthy,andheight
z, as
showninFigure1.AssumethedensityofthebodyisandthespecificheatisC.Anenergy
balanceonthiselementduringasmalltimeintervaltcanbeexpressedas:

Since,fromthedefinitionofthederivativeandFourierslawofheatconduction

Notingthattheheattransferareasoftheelementforheatconductioninthex,y,andz
directionsareAx=yz,Ay=xz,andAz=xy,respectively,andtakingthelimitas
x,y,zandt0yields

Theequationisthegeneralheatconductionequationinrectangularcoordinates.Inthecase
ofconstantthermalconductivity,itreducesto

Wheretheproperty=k/Cisthethermaldiffusivityofthematerial.
ThelastequationisknownastheFourierBiotequation,anditreducestotheseforms
underspecifiedconditions:

ModelDefinition
Themodelinginthispracticedescribesthecrosssectionof3DsolidasshowninFigure2.

Figure2:Modelgeometryandboundaryconditions

Yousetthreetypesofboundaryconditions:
Prescribedheatflux
Insulation/Symmetry
Prescribedtemperature

Thegoverningequationforthisproblemisthesteadystateheatequationforconduction
withthevolumetricheatsourcesettozero:
Remember:

Or

ModelingInstructions
UsethetutorialHeatConductioninaCylinderinPDF.
Fortheresults,inadditiontoevaluateapointyoucanmaketheinformationthroughaline.

Toobtainthetemperatureprofileacrossorinbetweentheentiregeometry,youcancreatea
CutLinedatasetandusethe1DPlotGroupfeatureasfollows.

CutLine2DI

DataSets

1IntheModelBuilderwindow,expandtheResults>2DPlotGroup1node.

2RightclickResults>DataSetsandchooseCutLine2D.

3GototheSettingswindowforCutLine2D.

4LocatetheLineentrymethoddialogboxandchoosetwopoints.
5InthePoint1xeditfield,type0.06.
6InthePoint1yeditfield,type0.
7InthePoint2xeditfield,type0.06.
8InthePoint2yeditfield,type0.14.
9ClickPlot.

1DPlotGroup1
1IntheModelBuilderwindow,rightclickResultsandchoose1DPlotGroup.

1DLineGraph1
1IntheModelBuilderwindow,rightclick1DPlotGroup1andchoose1DLineGraph.
2LocatetheDataSetdialogboxandchooseCutLine2D1.
3ClickPlot.

CUESTIONARIO
1.Summarymoduleheattransferdocument
Frequently we considered onedimensional heat conduction and assumed heat
conductioninotherdirectionstobenegligible.Mostheattransferproblemsencountered
inpracticecanbeapproximatedasbeingonedimensional,andwewillmostlydealwith
suchproblemsinthistext.
Notingthattheheattransferareasoftheelementforheatconductioninthex,y,andz
directionsareAx=yz,Ay=xz,andAz=xy,respectively,andtakingthelimit
asx,y,zandt0yields

Theequationisthegeneralheatconductionequationinrectangularcoordinates.Inthe
caseofconstantthermalconductivity,itreducesto

Wheretheproperty=k/Cisthethermaldiffusivityofthematerial.
Thegoverningequationforthisproblemisthesteadystateheatequationforconduction
withthevolumetricheatsourcesettozero.

2.Arbitrarilymodifytheboundariesofheatinput,placingtwosections,sothatthereare
twoheatinputs,oneontopandoneonthebottom

a) Assignthesamevaluesofqinthetutorial(notethatyounowhavetwosectionsof
arbitrarysize,whereitwillentertheenergy).Analyzeandexplain.

Sepuedeobservarquealcambiarlosvaloresdetemperaturadeunaformaarbitrariaa
unaformamsdeterminada,selogracomprenderquelasregionesdondesedeterminan
dichocalor,elprogramalasmantieneconstante,comosinoexistieracambiodeenerga
alguno.

b) Changingthevalueofq,sothatheattransferisgreateratthetop.Forbothclauses,
plotatleastthreetemperatureprofilesthroughtheverticalsectionoftheflatplate.
Discussthebehavioroftheseresults.

Cambiando los valores de temperatura y su

transferencia, se logra ver que existen
modificaciones que a simple vista son
gigantescas, es decir, el sistema cambia
completamente,yesalgoquecomoingenieros
qumicos tenemos que tener en cuenta en el
aspecto que en una empresa se sufren estos
tiposdecambiocotidianamente.

c) Boundaries include cooling by convection and radiation (in arbitrary borders).

Analyzeandexplain.

Podemos observar que cuando se cambia a convencin y radiacin los valores

determinados se modifican de forma abrupta, es decir, desde la grfica en primera
dimensinascomotambinelmodelopresentadoenterceradimensinsufrencambios
considerablesgraciasaqueselerestringelaentradaysalidadeenergaenformade
calor.

3.Explainhowitapplies,itmeansorhowitshouldbeunderstoodinourmodel,the
equation:
Losaplicaraanivelindustrial,esdecir,enequiposquedespidancalor,yestemismosea
calculableascomotambinparedesdondepuedaexistirradiacin
oconviccin.
Sendbyemail:
a)Thesimulationfile,whichresultsfromquestion1bofthequestionnaire.
b)Thegraphswithappropriatecomments
c)TheanswertoQuestion2

Nota: Debeentregarsetodoloquesesolicita,deformacontrariano

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