UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, JAMAICA

FACULTY SCIENCE AND SPORT

SYLLABUS OUTLINE
MODULE TITLE:

Anatomy & Physiology II

MODULE CODE:

ANP 2001

DURATION:

90 hours
3 hours / week Lecture
3 hours / week Practical

CREDIT VALUE:

PRE-REQUISITES

ANP 1001 or
CAPE, A Level or equivalent Biology

1.0

MODULE DESCRIPTION
The aim of this course is to provide an understanding of anatomy, the science of
body structure and physiology the study of body functions as a continuation of
ANP 1001. Each body system is adapted to carry out specific functions. These
functions are integrated with those of other systems to ensure a constant internal
environment, or steady state, for the body. Students will be able to link the
knowledge gained about the system to other Biological and Biomedical
disciplines and so make applications to real life situations.

2.0

MODULE OBJECTIVES
Upon successful completion of this course the students will:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

3.0

Have an awareness that the body functions as a complete unit and that
each component contributes to life.
Realize that all activities in living organisms are directed to survival
Have knowledge of the structures found in the body and their functions
Know the mechanisms by which the functions carried out by organ
systems are affected in the body.

MODULE CONTENT AND CONTEXT

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

The Cardiovascular System

The Lymphatic System
The Respiratory System
The Urinary System
The Integumentary System
The Endocrine System
The Reproductive System
The Digestive System
Regulations of Fluids and Electrolytes

UNIT 1

The Cardiovascular System

(Week 1, 2)

After completing this unit students should be able to:

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21

Describe the composition of blood plasma

Outline the functions of plasma proteins
Describe the structure and functions of the blood cells
Summarize the chemical events of blood clotting
Identify the antigen and antibody associated with each ABO blood type
Explain the reason for matching blood types
Explain the cause of Rh incompatibility
Explain the microscopic structure of the organs of the cardiovascular
system
Describe the gross structure of the heart
Describe the functions of each region of the heart
Trace the pathway of blood through the heart
Trace the pathway of blood through the vessels of the coronary circulation
Explain how the cardiac cycle is controlled
Trace the path of a muscle impulse through the heart
Identify the path of a normal ECG pattern
Discuss the significance of an ECG pattern
Compare the structure and functions of the major types of blood vessels
Discuss the factors that influence blood pressure
Describe the mechanism that aids in the return of venous blood to the
heart
Compare the pulmonary and systemic circuits of the cardiovascular
system
Identify and describe the location of the major arteries and veins of the
pulmonary and systemic circuit
(6 hours)

UNIT 2

The Lymphatic System

(Week 3)

After completing this unit students should be able to:

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6

Describe the general functions of the lymphatic system

Trace the major lymphatic pathways
Explain the formation of tissue fluid and lymph
Explain the function of lymph
Explain how lymphatic circulation is maintained and the consequence of
lymphatic obstruction
Discuss the functions of the thymus, spleen and tonsils
(2 hours)

UNIT 3

The Respiratory System

(Week 4, 5)

After completing this unit students should be able to:

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8

Describe the location of the organs of the respiratory system

Describe the location of the major sinuses
Describe the structure and function of each organ in the respiratory system
Discuss the superficial anatomy of the lungs and their connective tissue
organization into lobes and lobules
Compare the structure of bronchi, bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles
Discuss the role of the surfactant and phagocytic cells in the alveoli
Define vital capacity and other measurements of pulmonary ventilation
Compare the composition of inhaled air with that of exhaled air

3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17

Describe the anatomical dead space and its effects in alveolar gas
concentrations
Locate the respiratory center
Explain how the respiratory center controls breathing
Discuss factors which affect the respiratory center
Describe the structure and function of the respiratory membrane
Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transferred in the blood
Discuss the significance of the saturation curve for haemoglobin
Discuss the significance of the saturation curve
Summarize the major events that occur during cellular respiration
(6 hours)

UNIT 4

The Urinary System

(Week 6, 7)

After completing this unit students should be able to:

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14

Describe the microscopic structure of the kidney

Trace the pathway of blood from the renal artery through the kidney to the
renal vein
Describe the structure of a nephron
Explain the functions of each segment of the nephron
Explain how the glomerular filtrate is produced
Discuss the factors which influence glomerular filtration rate
Discuss the role of tubular reabsorption in the formation of urine
Explain why the osmotic concentration of the glomerular filtrate changes
as it travels through a renal tubule
Describe the mechanisms of acid ammonia secretion
Describe the counter current mechanism and its role in concentrating urine
Explain the role of tubular secretion in urine formation
Explain the role of hormones in urine production
Trace a sample of filtrate from the Bowmans capsule to the renal pelvis
Explain how the process of micturition is controlled
(5 hours)

UNIT 5

The Integumentary System

(Week 7)

After completing this unit students should be able to:

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7

Describe the structure of the various layers of the skin

List the general functions of each layer of the skin
Describe the accessory organs associated with the skin
Explain the functions of each accessory organ in the skin
Explain how the skin functions in regulating body temperature
Summarize the factors that determine skin colour
Discuss the manner in which the skin responds to injuries
(3 hours)

UNIT 6

The Endocrine System

(Week 8)

After completing this unit students should be able to:

6.1
6.2
6.3

Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands

Describe three major kinds of substances that function as hormones
Explain how hormones exert influence on target tissues

6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10

Discuss how hormone secretions are regulated by negative feedback

mechanisms
Explain how hormone secretions may be controlled by the nervous system
Describe the location of the major endocrine glands
List the hormones secreted by each endocrine gland
Discuss the consequences of over-secretion and under-secretion of various
hormones
Distinguish between physical and psychological stress
Describe the general stress response.
(3 Hours)

UNIT 7

The Reproductive System

(Week 9, 10)

After completing this unit students should be able to:

7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5

Label a diagram of the male reproductive system

Relate the functions of each part of the male reproductive system
Describe the structure of the testis
Explain spermatogenesis
Trace the path followed by sperm cells from their site of formation to the
period of fertilization
7.6
Explain the environmental changes which sperm cells undergo as they
travel from the testes
7.7
Explain how the parts of the penis function to produce an erection
7.8
Explain how hormones control the activities of the male reproductive
organs.
7.9
Explain how hormones are related to the development of male secondary
sexual characteristics
7.10 Describe the functions of each part of the female reproductive system
7.11 Describe the structure of an ovary
7.12 Explain how follicles are produced
7.13 Explain oogenesis
7.14 Describe how hormones control the activities of the female reproductive
system
7.15 Describe how hormones are related to the development of female
secondary sexual characteristics
7.16 Describe the major events that occur during a menstrual cycle ie.
hormonal, uterine, and ovarian changes
7.17 Describe the hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy
7.18 Describe the process of fertilization
7.19 Describe the birth process
7.20 Describe the role of hormones in the birth process
7.21 Explain how each of the common methods of contraception interferes with
normal reproductive processes.
(6 hours)
UNIT 8
Regulation of Fluids and Electrolytes
(Week 11)
After completing this unit students should be able to:
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10
8.11

Locate the fluid compartments of the body

Summarize the principal routes for fluid input and fluid output
Describe how water input and output are regulated
Compare the fluid composition of the compartments
Describe how fluids move from one compartment to another
Define electrolyte balance
List the functions of the six major electrolytes
Explain how electrolytes enter and leave the body
Explain how input and output of the electrolytes are regulated
Discuss the factors leading to dehydration and water intoxication
List several causes of oedema

8.12
8.13
8.14
8.15
8.16
8.17
8.18
8.19

Describe the mechanisms responsible for sodium and potassium

homeostasis
Describe the consequences of sodium and potassium imbalance
Explain what is meant by acid-base balance
Describe how hydrogen ion concentrations are expressed
List the major sources of hydrogen ions in the body
Explain how changing pH values of body fluids are minimized by
chemical buffer systems, the respiratory center and the kidneys
Distinguish between acidosis and alkalosis
Explain how acidosis and alkalosis may arise and be controlled
(3 hours)

UNIT 9

The Digestive System

(Week 12, 13)

After completing this unit students should be able to:

9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10
9.11
9.12
9.13

Describe the structure and functions of the salivary glands

Describe the mechanism of swallowing
Describe the microscopic structure of the stomach
Describe the role of the stomach in digestion
Summarise the functions of the pancreas, liver and gall bladder in
digestion
Describe how digestive secretions are regulated
List the function of each enzyme secreted in the digestive system
Explain how digestive reflexes function to control the movement of
material through the alimentary canal
Describe the structure of an intestinal villus
Describe the role of villi in the absorption of nutrients
Summarize carbohydrate, lipid and protein digestion
Describe the functions of the large intestines
Outline the role of hormones in digestion
(6 hours)

4.0

LEARNING AND TEACHING APPROCHES

The content of each unit will be delivered by way of lectures, practical sessions
and tutorials.
Overhead projections and in some cases multi-media projections will be used in
delivering lectures.
Practical sessions will involve reviewing and reinforcing the content of each unit
covered in lectures. Students will be required to complete short questions,
label diagrams of the various organ systems, view live specimen from animals
and, in some instances examine their own bodies.
Past paper questions will be used in the tutorial sessions to review the content of
each unit.

5.0

ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
Weightings (%)

6.0

Test #1 (Week 6)
Multiple choice and short answer questions based
on case studies to test students ability to apply the
concepts learnt in Units 1-5

20

Test # 2 (Week 11)

Questions on Units 6-9 allowing students to apply
the concepts learnt in life situations

20

Practicals
Designed to test students understanding of concepts

10

Final Examination

50

BREAKDOWN OF HOURS
Lectures
Practicals
Independent learning
Assessment

7.0

3 X 13 = 39 hrs
3 X 13 = 39 hrs
8 hrs
4 hrs.
TOTAL 90 hours (4 credits)

TEXTBOOKS
Recommended Texts:
Fundamentals of Anatomy 5th Edition
Frederic Martini, Prentice Hall
Resource Text:
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
Tortora, Derrickson, Wiley Publishers

8.0

SYLLABUS WRITER
Mrs. Marcia Andrade
Revised by Dr. Joseph Grannum

9.0

DATE OF PRESENTATION AND REVISION

Presentation, March 2001
Revised, June 2007

10.0

DATE OF ACCEPTANCE
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Head of Division

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Date

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OCDE

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Date