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This is very important work in the field. This is done by experienced surveyors. This
should be more accurate because the hall building is located by this work and it is very
difficult to adjust if anything done wrongly. And also repairing is very expensive.
4.1
4.2
Reinf or c ement
mar k ing
t ape &
aer r ow mar k
In our site the concrete thickness was varied. Normal concrete thickness
was 150mm but for the shower areas concrete thickness was 125mm these were
marked and provide stop board with 2 2 wooden block. We called this as drop
area marking. Like wise the catch pits, water line voids also provided.
4.3
Marking column outline is very useful in making column formwork & aligns
the formwork vertically. Supports were adjusted according to coincide the plump
pop with this out lines in all sides.
4.4
4.4.1
Set scaffolding in a place as far as from the previous point which could be seen
from theodolite telescope. Set a plumb pop in the scaffolding and align the plumb pop
by observing through the telescope crosswire. These two points were jointed with the
marking string. The same procedure was carried out to transfer the perpendicular grid
line also. Then the instrument was set on the intersection point of the transferred grid
lines. The theodolite was Aligned along the first grid line and turned by 90 and checked
whether the second line was in aligned or not. If it was not in align the procedure
should be repeated.
4.4.2
center over the secondary grid point on the previous floor level at that location by
looking through the optical plumb as shown in the Figure.
After centering the theodolite, a piece of timber plank is placed across the hole and
nailed to slab and then a nail is driven to the plank looking through the optical plumb
such that a point marked at the center of the head of the nail coincide with the center of
the optical plumb. In this process grate care must be taken to not disturb the instrument
in fixing the plank and driving the nails because after placing the plank across the hole
we will not be able to see the reference point through the optical plumb and therefore
any change in instrument position cannot be found until the process ends up with a
failure.
After transferring the first secondary grid point onto the new floor successfully,
the theodolite is moved to the next points to be transferred and they are transferred
one after the other, employing the above procedure.
After transferring all the required grid points, the next step is to check whether those points are in
line. This is simply done by using the theodolite set over one point and bisecting the other points.
If the points are found to be not inline we have to repeat the above process and retransfer the
secondary grid points.
After obtaining the correct points the secondary grid lines are marked on the
floor. For that the theodolite is set over one grid point and the telescope is directed
along the grid line by bisecting a nail at another grid point and then by looking through
the telescope, points were marked with a pencil on the floor. In the same way the grid
line perpendicular to the base grid line is also marked by turning the theodolite that has
been set over the required grid point, by 90angle from the direction of the basic grid
line.