Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Jan. 2004
WARNING
Improper operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair of this product can be dangerous and could result
in injury or death.
Do not operate or perform any lubrication, maintenance or repair on this product, until you have read and
understood the operation, lubrication, maintenance and repair information.
Operations that may cause product damage are identified by NOTICE labels on the product and in this publication.
DAEWOO cannot anticipate every possible circumstance that might involve a potential hazard. The warnings in
this publication and on the product are therefore not all inclusive. If a tool, procedure, work method or operating
technique not specifically recommended by DAEWOO is used, you must satisfy yourself that it is safe for you and
others. You should also ensure that the product will not be damaged or made unsafe by the operation, lubrication,
maintenance or repair procedures you choose.
The information, specifications, and illustrations in this publication are on the basis of information available at the
time it was written. The specifications, torques, pressures, measurements, adjustments, illustrations, and other
items can change at any time. These changes can affect the service given to the product.
Obtain the complete and most current information before starting any job. DAEWOO dealers have the most
current information available.
Index
Description of Fault Codes
Systems Operation
Operation
AEB Starter ........................................................... 17
- Display during AEB-Mode ................................ 18
- Display during ISK mode .................................. 19
- Introduction....................................................... 17
- List of abbreviations ......................................... 17
- Procedure to start AEB ..................................... 17
- Procedure to start ISK ...................................... 19
Cold start .............................................................. 16
Controller DW - 3 (Table - 11) ............................... 32
Driving and Shifting............................................... 15
Driving preparation and Maintenance ................... 15
Electro - Hydraulic control with
proportional valves (Table- 9) ............................... 29
Fully - Automatic control EST - 37A
Circuit diagram standard (Table - 10) ................... 30
Gearbox Diagram (Table - 6) ................................ 26
Installation Front view (Table - 2) .......................... 21
Installation Rear view (Table - 3) .......................... 22
Layout(Table - 1)................................................... 20
Oil circuit diagram
Forward 1st Speed (Table - 5) .............................. 25
Oil temperature ..................................................... 16
Power flow Forward speed (Table - 7) .................. 27
Power flow Reverse speed (Table - 8).................. 28
Schedule of measuring points and
connections (Table - 4) ......................................... 23
Stopping and Parking............................................ 16
Towing................................................................... 16
Transmission control in the
Driving mode Automatic........................................ 16
Index
IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS
Oil level check:
In the cold start phase, the engine must be running about 2 3 minutes at idling speed and the marking on
the oil dipstick must then be lying above the cold start mark.
The oil level check in the transmission must be carried out at engine idling speed and operating
temperature of the transmission (80 to 90 C).
At stationary engine, the oil level in the transmission is rising essentially, according to the installation
conditions !
At every oil change, the Fine filter must be exchanged. In addition, it is recommended to start the
autonomous calibration of the shifting elements (AEB).
The independent calibration of the shifting elements (AEB) must be started after the initial installation of
the transmission and the Electronics in the vehicle at the Vehicle Manufacturer and after every
replacement of the transmission, the electrohydraulic control or the TCU in case of a failure.
After every AEB-start the ISK (Inch-Sensor-Calibration) should be started for vehicles with inching device.
Put the Controller at the starting of the engine always to the Neutral position.
At running engine and transmission in Neutral, the parking brake must be engaged or the service brake be
actuated, to prevent the vehicle from rolling.
Prior to every start off, loosen the parking brake.
The engagement of the speed out of Neutral is only possible under the programmed transmission input
speed (turbine speed).
Neutral position of the selector switch at higher vehicle speeds (above stepping speed) is not admissible.
Either a suitable gear is to be shifted immediately, or the vehicle must be stopped at once.
At stopped engine, there is on the Controller, despite a preselected gear, no power flow between
transmission and engine, i.e. the transmission is in the idling position.
The parking brake must therefore be completely actuated !
When leaving the vehicle, secure it additionally by brake blocks !
The towing speed must in no case be higher than 10 km/h, the towing distance not longer than 10 km.
It is imperative to observe this Specification because otherwise the transmission will be damaged due to
insufficient oil supply !
At a longer distance, the best solution would be to transport the defective vehicle with a Low loader.
Operating temperature behind the converter at least 65 and 100 C in continuous operation, a short-time
increase up to max. 120 C is permitted.
Temperature in the sump 60 - 90 C.
By overstepping results by 105 C notice "WS" on the display.
In case of irregularities on the transmission, put the vehicle out of service and ask for Specialists.
Protective measures for the Electronics at electrical operations on the vehicle:
At the following operations, the ignition must be switched off and the control unit plug must be pulled off
from the Electronics:
At any kind of electrical operations on the vehicle.
At welding operations on the vehicle.
At insulation tests on the electric system.
Power Shift Transmission
Systems Operation
Systems Operation
Function of the Converter
Function of a hydrodynamic Torque converter (Schematic view)
Pump wheel
Turbine
wheel
TT
From
engine
TP
To
gearbox
2,5
NT = 0
Vehicle standing still
<1,5
<2,5
n T = Mot
Condition at the
time of starting
1,5
Intermediate
condition
Condition in the
coupling point
TR
Reaction element
(Reaction wheel)
<n
0.8n
The converter is working according to the TrilokSystem, i.e. it assumes at high turbine speed the
characteristics, and with it the favourable efficiency of
a fluid clutch.
The converter is designed according to the engine
power so that the most favourable operating
conditions are obtained for each installation case.
Mot
nT =
Systems Operation
Powershift transmission
The
multi-speed
reversing
transmission
in
countershaft design is power shiftable by hydraulically actuated multi-disk clutches.
Transmission control
Systems Operation
Display
ed
bc
Spec. charact.
a, f
b, c, d, e
Controller DW-3
- see Table-11
Left Side
Left
Side
Central Right
Side
Side
Display
Automatic range
(up- and downshifting)
Preselected gear
EST-37A has recognized an
error, is flashing
Disturbance in AEB mode /
Calibration ISK
For the moment still without
function
On the two alphanumeric 16segment displays, the EST37A issues the actual state
of gear and driving direction.
Besides, a two-digit error
code will be indicated via
these two segments.
Controller DW-3
Gear positions
Type plate
F
F
Systems Operation
V:
N:
R:
Display 1, 2, 3
The number of the lines indicates the driving range, resp. the gear
preselection:
1 Bar:
Manual Mode 1 speed
2 Bars: Manual Mode 2 speed
3 Bars: Manual Mode 3 speed
Error display:
Forward
Neutral
Reverse
If more than one error is pending, the different error numbers will be
indicated one after the other on the Display in cycles (about 1 second).
The error code will be only then indicated if the
Controller is in Neutral !
Warning display:
Warning
Temperature behind Converter
Temperature in the Sump
Engine speed
Priority
1
2
3
Systems Operation
Display PN
F or R flashing
Display EE
10
Systems Operation
First Number
1 hex
2 hex
3 hex
4 hex
5 hex
6 hex
7 hex
8 hex
9 hex
A hex
B hex
C hex
D hex
E hex
F hex
11
Systems Operation
7
14
10
5
1
13
12
9
11
15
(1) Display (2) Controller DW-3 (3) Power supply connection (4) Switch for enable inching
(5) Automatic Transmission Switch (6) TCU (7) Wiring
(8) Cable to Inductive transmitter Speed Central gear train (9) Cable to Inductive Speed Engine
(10) Cable to Inductive transmitter Speed Turbine
(11) Cable to Temperature measuring point behind the Converter No. 63
(12) Cable to Plug connection on the electrohydraulic Control unit
(13) Cable to filter contamination switch (14) Cable to Speed sensor Output
(15) Cable from angle sensor/inch-sensor
12
Systems Operation
At the operating of the transmission, the paper friction linings, installed in the transmissions are
settling, i.e. the plate clearance becomes creater.
Because these settling appearances can affect the shifting quality, it is recommended to repeat the
AEB-Cycle at the Maintenance intervals.
At a deterioration of the shifting quality, it is recommended likewise as first measure to repeat the AEBCycle.
13
Systems Operation
Inching device
It allows to reduce the driving speed infinitely variable without modification of the engine speed in such a way that
driving with a very low speed will be possible. In this way, the driver can move the vehicle very exactly to a
determined position.
At the same time, an important part of the engine power for the output of the hydraulic system is at disposal by the
high engine speed.
Operation is carried out by a separate inching pedal, where an angle of rotation sensor is mounted.
By means of the proportional valve technology the TCU regulates the pressure in the driving direction clutch in
such a way that the driving speed is adjusted in accordance with the inch rotating angle sensor position. Clutch
overloading is avoided thanks to the electronic protection.
After each new adjustment of the inch linkage , the ISK (Inch Sensor Calibration) must be carried out.
During the inch calibration modus the position of the inch pedal in neutral position and with full
actuation is controlled by the calibration process and stored in the TCU.
The inching function is only active after successful completion of AEB and ISK start.
14
Systems Operation
OPERATION
Driving preparation and Maintenance
Prior to the commissioning of the transmission, take care that the recommended oil grade will be filled in with the
correct quantity. At the initial filling of the transmission has to be considered that the oil cooler, the pressure filter as
well as the pipes must get filled with oil.
According to these cavities, the quantity of oil to be filled in, is greater than at the later oil fillings in the course of
the usual Maintenance service.
Because the converter and also the heat exchanger, installed in the vehicle, as well as the pipes can
empty at standstill into the transmission, the
Oil level check must be carried out at engine idling speed and operating
Temperature of the transmission.
15
Systems Operation
Cold start
At an oil temperature in the shifting circuit < -12 C, the transmission must be warmed-up for some minutes.
This must be carried out in Neutral with an increased engine speed (about 1500 min-1).
Until this oil temperature is reached, the Electronics remains in Neutral, and the symbol of the cold start phase will
be indicated on the Display.
Indication on the Display :
After the indication on the Display is extinguished, the full driving programm can be utilized out of NEUTRAL.
Towing
See Important Instructions Page 5.
Oil temperature
The oil temperature in the transmission sump is monitored by a temperature sensor in the electrohydraulic control
unit.
The service temperature in the sump of 60 - 90C must not be exceeded!
By overstepping results by 105 C notice "WS" on the display.
At a trouble-free unit and an adequate driving mode, a higher temperature will not occour. The notice "WS"
results at the display, the vehicle has to be stopped and controlled for external oil loss and the engine must run
with a speed of 1200 1500 min-1 at NEUTRAL POSITION of the transmission.
Now, the temperature must drop quickly (in about 2 3 minutes) to normal values. If this is not the case, there is a
trouble pending, which must be eliminated prior to continue working.
The monitoring of the oil temperature is additionally realized behind the converter with an indication on the Display.
Operating temperature behind the converter at least 65C and 100C in continuous operation, a short-time
increase up to max. 120C is permitted.
The temperature is measured on the measuring point 63
(see Schedule of measuring points Table-4 !)
16
Systems Operation
AEB STARTER
- Introduction
The AEB-Starter is s tool to start the AEB and ISK of ergopower
transmissions.
It's useful to work with the Transmission Display because
all messages about the AEB state is shown in the Display.
The AEB-Starter itself doesn't show any informations.
AEB Storter
Stort
Diagnostic plug
TCU
3WG116
3WG161
- List of abbreviations
AEB : Automatic Filling Parameter Adjustment
ISK : Inching Sensor Calibration
TCU : Transmission Control Unit
Warm up transmission
Turn off the engine ignition
switch
Plug in AEB-Starter
Rotate shift lever to "N"
position. Engage parking brake.
Turn the engine ignition switch
to 'Start' Position
Disply message
Normal operating messages
Nothing
Start engine
'PL'
9
10
11
Remarks
Set the transmission oil temperature
around 85
'K3'
17
Systems Operation
Meaning
AEB-Starter is plugged at the diagnostic
plug
AEB-Starter-button is pressed
Calibrating clutch K1.. K3, KV, KR
Wait for start, initialization of clutch Kx,
x : 1,2,3,V,R
Fast fill time determination of clutch Kx
Compensating pressure determination of
clutch Kx
OK
STOP
STOP and Kx
Spanner and Kx
E
E
T
T
FT
FB
FO
Outputspeed_not_zero
FN
FP
Parking brake_not_applied
STOP
Remarks
To prevent the transmission oil temperature from falling down during AEB calibration, keep the transmission
oil temperature about 85C before starting AEB.
(Temperature Range : 70C ~90C)
18
Systems Operation
Display message
Nothing
' IP'
' IP'
' IP'
1
2
3
4
10
Remarks
Nothing
1) When 'IP' is displayed with ISK start after pressing the button of AEB starter with the engine ignition switch
turned at 'On' position, Turn the switch further to 'Start' position and then start to push down the inching
pedal.
2) In case of D100/150 truck models installed with air type brake, push down the inching pedal after air is
charged enough.
IP flashing
OK
FN and Stop
FS and Stop
FO and Stop
SL and Stop
SU and Stop
IL and Stop
IU and Stop
To and Stop
DL and Stop
DU and Stop
FI and Stop
Meaning
Push down the pedal slowly until end
position is reached and hold this
position
Release the pedal slowly until end
position is reached and wait until OK
is displayed
A problem occurred, release the
pedal slowly until end position is
reached
Finished inching pedal calibration
successful
Shift lever not in Neutral position
Sensor supply voltage AUI is out of
the specified range
Output speed is not zero
Sensor voltage below specified range
Sensor voltage above specified
range
Sensor position for released pedal
out of specified range
Sensor position for pressed pedal out
of specified range
Time-out calibration, pedal not
moved after calibration start
Angle between pedal positions
released and pressed to small
Angle between pedal positions
released and pressed to big
Sensor signal 1 and 2 dont match
together
19
Remarks
Calibration is aborted
Calibration is aborted
Calibration is aborted
Calibration is aborted
Calibration is aborted
Calibration is aborted
Calibration is aborted
Calibration is aborted
Calibration is aborted
Calibration is aborted
Calibration is aborted
Systems Operation
Layout
Table - 1
Gearbox diagram
3 5
10
12
11
(1) Engine connection (2) Converter (3) Input shaft (4) Transmission pump (5) Input gear (6) Clutch shaft K2
(7) Power take-off (8) Clutch shaft KV (9) Clutch shaft KR (10) Clutch shaft K1 (11) Output flange
(12) Clutch shaft K3/Output
20
Systems Operation
4
5
7
9
8
11
10
(1) Converter (2) Converter bell (3) Lifting lugs (4) Inductive transmitter n Central gear train
(5) Inductive transmitter n Turbin (6) Gearbox housing front section (7) Oil level tube with oil dipstick(rear side)
(8) Gearbox housing rear section (9) Transmission suspension holes
(10) Attachment possibility oil level tube with oil dipstick(rear side) 3 WG161 (11) Oil drain plug
21
Systems Operation
14
4
5
13
6
7
8
9
12
11
10
(1) Power take-off; coaxial (2) Lifting lugs (3) Breather (4) Electro hydraulic control
(5) Measuring point for temperature behind the converter (6) Connection to the heat exchanger
(7) Filter head (8) Connection from the heat exchanger (9) Exchange filter
(10) Transmission suspension holes (11) Speed sensor n Output (12) Output flange (13) Oil filler tube with oil dipstick
(14) Type plate
22
Systems Operation
65
54
51
10
49
60
57
48
34
53
52
55
58
55
56
63
21
15
16
Coding
47
Driving direction
Forward
Reverse
Speed
1
2
3
1
2
3
Neutral
d
K4
Engaged clutches
Position on the valve block
F
Consecutively No. of the measurement points 60
KR
E
55
K1
D
56
K3
C
58
KV
B
53
Engaged clutches
Y6
d
K1
KV
K3
KR
KR
KR
KV
K2
KV
K1
K2
K3
K2
A
57
The marked positions(e.g. 53) correspond with the positions on the table 5!
The measurements have to be carried out at hot transmission(about 80 - 95 C)
23
Systems Operation
NO.
CONNECTION
MARKING ON THE
VALVE BLOCK
11+2 bar
M10x1
52
4.3+3 bar
M14x1.5
53
Clutch Forward
16+2 bar
KV
M10x1
55
Clutch Reverse
16+2 bar
KR
M10x1
56
Clutch
16+2 bar
K1
M10x1
57
Clutch
16+2 bar
K2
M10x1
58
Clutch
16+2 bar
K3
M10x1
60
Not applicable
K4
M10x1
63
M14x1.5
65
System pressure
M10x1
16+2.5 bar
15/16 12 UN-2B
16
15/16 12 UN-2B
Inductive transmitter
n Turbine
34
Speed sensor
n Output
M18x1.5
47
Inductive transmitter
M18x1.5
48
Inductive transmitter
n Engine
M18x1.5
54
M14x1.5
CONNECTIONS:
10
Breather
49
24
Systems Operation
KR
60
Y1
55
Y2
NFS
K1
56
KV
58
Y3
NFS
K3
53
Y4
K2
Y5
NFS
NFS
57
Y6
NFS
NFS
RV-9
TEMP
HDV
65
Converter
51
WSV
Fine filter
63
Legend
= Main pressure
= Regulate main pressure
= Pilot pressure
= Converter input pressure
= Converter output pressure
= Lubrication
= Return into the sump
52
WT
FDV
WGV
BypassBypassvalve
p=1,5 bar
15
WS
Transmission pump
P = 16 + 2 bar
16
Coarsefilter
Oil sump
Lubrication
WT
WGV
WSV
HDV
RV-9
NFS
D
B
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
Y1...Y6
TEMP
UEDV
WS
FDV
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Heat exchanger
Converter back pressure valve
Converter safety valve
Main pressure valve
Pressure reducing valve
Follow-on slide
Vibration damper
Orifice
Not used
Proportional valve KR
Proportional valve K1
Proportional valve K3
Proportional valve KV
Proportional valve K2
Pressure regulators
Temperature sensor
Pressure relief valve
Maintenance switch
Filter pressure differential valve
(Bypass-valve)
Coding
4.3+3 bar
11+2 bar
16+2.5 bar
9 bar
Driving direction
Forward
Reverse
Speed
1
2
3
1
2
3
Neutral
d
K4
Engaged clutches
Position on the valve block
F
Consecutively No. of the measurement points 60
KR
E
55
K1
D
56
K3
C
58
KV
B
53
Engaged clutches
Y6
d
K1
KV
K3
KR
KR
KR
KV
K2
KV
K1
K2
K3
K2
A
57
405bar
p=5.5 bar
The marked positons (e.g. 53) correspond with the positions on the table-4
25
Systems Operation
Gearbox Diagram
Table 6
AN = Input
KV = Clutch forward
KR = Clutch reverse
K1 = Clutch 1st speed
K2 = Clutch 2nd speed
K3/AB = Clutch 3rd speed / Output
PTO = Power take-off
26
Systems Operation
1st speed-forward
2nd speed-forward
3rd speed-forward
Transmission diagram
AN = Input
KV = Clutch forward
KR = Clutch reverse
K1 = Clutch 1st speed
K2 = Clutch 2nd speed
K3/AB = Clutch 3rd speed / Output
PTO = Power take-off
27
Systems Operation
1st speed-reverse
2nd speed-reverse
3rd speed-reverse
Transmission diagram
AN = Input
KV = Clutch forward
KR = Clutch reverse
K1 = Clutch 1st speed
K2 = Clutch 2nd speed
K3/AB = Clutch 3rd speed / Output
PTO = Power take-off
28
Systems Operation
A
Y6
Y1
Y5
Y2
Y4
Y3
Cover
Cover
Housing
Valve block
Valve block
Duct plate
Intermediate plate
SECTION
A-A
Y5
Vibaration damper
Pressure regulator
Follow-on slide
SECTION
B-B
Proportional valve P5
29
Systems Operation
30
Systems Operation
ITEM
LEGEND
ITEM
LEGEND
A1
F1
FUSE 7,5 A*
A2
CONTROLLER DW-3
F2
FUSE 7,5 A*
A3
A5
DIAGNOSIS INTERFACE(PLUG)
H3
A6
DISPLAY
A7
CAN-INTERFACE(PLUG)
S3
A9
S8
S10
B1
S15
B2
S25
B3
S31
B4
ON/OFF(OPTION)
SWITCH ACKNOWLEDGMENT PARKING BRAKE
B6
INCHING POTENTIOMETER
K1
B15
K2
31
Systems Operation
Controller DW 3
Table 11
32
Systems Operation
open circuit
short circuit
operating mode
transmission control unit
electronic engine controller
power take off
Display
If a fault is detected, the display shows a spanner symbol
(g) for a fault. The display shows the fault code,
if the gear selector is on neutral position.
If more than one fault is detected, each fault code
is shown for about 1 second.
left
character
right
character
S
T
O
P
b c
33
Meaning
actual gear and direction
left digit shows actual gear
right digit shows actual direction
limp home gear
Clutch Cutoff
direction F or R selected while turbine
speed is too high
not neutral, waiting for neutral after
power up or a severe fault
oil temperature too low, no gear
available
oil temperature low, only one gear
available
manual mode 1st gear
Remarks
WR
WT
WE
PN
EE flashing
34
FO
FN
FP
STOP
Meaning
AEB - Starter is plugged at the
diagnostic plug
AEB-Starter-button is pressed
calibrating clutch K1..K3, KV or KR
resp.
wait for start, initialization of clutch Kx,
x: 1, 2, 3, V, R
fast fill time determination of clutch Kx
compensating pressure determination
of clutch Kx
calibration for all clutches finished
Remarks
35
Remarks
IP
Meaning
push down the pedal slowly until
endposition is reached and hold this
position
Release the pedal slowly until
endposition is reached
IP
IP
flashing
OK
FN and Stop
FS and Stop
FO and Stop
SL and Stop
SU and Stop
IL and Stop
IU and Stop
TO and Stop
DL and Stop
DU and Stop
FI and Stop
36
Calibration is aborted
Calibration is aborted
Calibration is aborted
Calibration is aborted
Calibration is aborted
Calibration is aborted
Calibration is aborted
Calibration is aborted
Calibration is aborted
Calibration is aborted
Calibration is aborted
LIMP-HOME
The detected failure in the system has strong limitations to transmission control. TCU can engage only one gear in
each direction. In some cases only one direction will be possible.
TCU will shift the transmission into neutral at the first occurrence of the failure. First, the operator must shift the
gear selector into neutral position.
If output speed is less than a threshold for neutral to gear and the operator shifts the gear selector into forward or
reverse, the TCU will select the limp-home gear .
If output speed is less than a threshold for reversal speed and TCU has changed into the limp-home gear and the
operator selects a shuttle shift, TCU will shift immediately into the limp-home gear of the selected direction.
If output speed is greater than the threshold, TCU will shift the transmission into neutral. The operator has to slow
down the vehicle and must shift the gear selector into neutral position.
TRANSMISSION-SHUTDOWN
TCU has detected a severe failure that disables control of the transmission.
TCU will shut off the solenoid valves for the clutches and also the common power supply (VPS1). Transmission
shifts to Neutral. The park brake will operate normally, also the other functions which use ADM 1 to ADM 8.
The operator has to slow down the vehicle. The transmission will stay in neutral.
TCU-SHUTDOWN
TCU has detected a severe failure that disables control of system.
TCU will shut off all solenoid valves and also both common power supplies (VPS1, VPS2). The park brake will
engage, also all functions are disabled which use ADM 1 to ADM 8.
The transmission will stay in neutral.
37
SPN
FMI
MEANING OF THE
FAULT CODE
possible reason for fault
detection
LOGICAL ERROR AT
DIRECTION SELECT
SIGNAL
TCU detected a wrong
signal combination for the
direction
cable from shift lever to
TCU is broken
cable is defective and is
contacted to battery
voltage or vehicle
ground
shift lever is defective
Reaction of
the TCU
12
5010
12
21
5090
22
5090
TCU shifts
transmission
to neutral
OP-Mode:
transmission
shutdown
S.C. TO BATTERY
VOLTAGE AT CLUTCH
CUTOFF INPUT
the measured voltage is
too high:
cable is defective and is
contacted to battery
voltage
clutch cut off sensor has
an internal defect
connector pin is
contacted to battery
voltage
clutch cutoff
function is
disabled
OP-Mode:
normal
S.C. TO GROUND OR
O.C. AT CLUTCH
CUTOFF INPUT
the measured voltage is
too low:
cable is defective and is
contacted to vehicle
ground
cable has no connection
to TCU
clutch cut off sensor has
an internal defect
connector pin is
contacted to vehicle
ground or is broken
clutch cutoff
function is
disabled
OP-Mode:
normal
38
Possible steps to
repair
Remarks
fault is taken
back if TCU
detects a valid
signal for the
direction at the
shift lever
Fault
Code
(hex)
SPN
FMI
MEANING OF THE
FAULT CODE
possible reason for fault
detection
S.C. TO BATTERY
VOLTAGE OR O.C. AT
TRANSMISSION SUMP
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
INPUT
the measured voltage is
too high:
cable is defective and is
contacted to battery
voltage
cable has no connection
to TCU
temperature sensor has
an internal defect
connector pin is
contacted to battery
voltage or is broken
Reaction of
the TCU
25
5110
26
5110
2B
5313
no reaction,
TCU uses
default
temperature
OP-Mode:
normal
S.C. TO GROUND AT
TRANSMISSION SUMP
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
INPUT
the measured voltage is
too low:
cable is defective and is
contacted to vehicle
ground
temperature sensor has
an internal defect
connector pin is
contacted to vehicle
ground
no reaction,
TCU uses
default
temperature
OP-Mode:
normal
12
INCHSENSOR-SIGNAL
MISMATCH
the measured voltage from
CCO and CCO2 signal
dont match:
cable is defective
sensor has an internal
defect
During inching
mode: TCU
shifts to
neutral
While not
inching: no
change
OP-Mode:
normal
39
Possible steps to
repair
Remarks
Fault
Code
(hex)
SPN
FMI
MEANING OF THE
FAULT CODE
possible reason for fault
detection
S.C. TO BATTERY
VOLTAGE OR O.C. AT
ENGINE SPEED INPUT
TCU measures a voltage
higher than 7.00 V at
speed input pin
cable is defective and is
contacted to battery
voltage
cable has no connection
to TCU
speed sensor has an
internal defect
connector pin is
contacted to battery
voltage or has no
contact
Reaction of
the TCU
31
5140
32
5140
33
5140
OP-Mode:
substitute
clutch control
S.C. TO GROUND AT
ENGINE SPEED INPUT
TCU measures a voltage
less than 0.45V at speed
input pin
cable / connector is
defective and is
contacted to vehicle
ground
speed sensor has an
internal defect
OP-Mode:
substitute
clutch control
12
LOGICAL ERROR AT
ENGINE SPEED INPUT
TCU measures a engine
speed over a threshold
and the next moment the
measured speed is zero
cable / connector is
defective and has bad
contact
speed sensor has an
internal defect
sensor gap has the
wrong size
OP-Mode:
substitute
clutch control
40
Possible steps to
repair
Remarks
This fault is
reset after power
up of TCU
Fault
Code
(hex)
SPN
FMI
MEANING OF THE
FAULT CODE
possible reason for fault
detection
S.C. TO BATTERY
VOLTAGE OR O.C. AT
TURBINE SPEED INPUT
TCU measures a voltage
higher than 7.00 V at
speed input pin
cable is defective and is
contacted to battery
voltage
cable has no connection
to TCU
speed sensor has an
internal defect
connector pin is
contacted to battery
voltage or has no
contact
Reaction of
the TCU
34
5150
35
5150
36
5150
OP-Mode:
substitute
clutch control
if a failure is
existing at
output speed,
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
S.C. TO GROUND AT
TURBINE SPEED INPUT
TCU measures a voltage
less than 0.45V at speed
input pin
cable / connector is
defective and is
contacted to vehicle
ground
speed sensor has an
internal defect
OP-Mode:
substitute
clutch control
if a failure is
existing at
output speed,
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
12
LOGICAL ERROR AT
TURBINE SPEED INPUT
TCU measures a turbine
speed over a threshold
and at the next moment
the measured speed is
zero
cable / connector is
defective and has bad
contact
speed sensor has an
internal defect
sensor gap has the
wrong size
OP-Mode:
substitute
clutch control
if a failure is
existing at
output speed,
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
41
Possible steps to
repair
Remarks
This fault is
reset after power
up of TCU
Fault
Code
(hex)
SPN
FMI
37
5160
38
5160
39
5160
MEANING OF THE
FAULT CODE
possible reason for fault
detection
S.C. TO BATTERY
VOLTAGE OR O.C. AT
INTERNAL SPEED INPUT
TCU measures a voltage
higher than 7.00 V at
speed input pin
cable is defective and is
contacted to battery
voltage
cable has no connection
to TCU
speed sensor has an
internal defect
connector pin is
contacted to battery
voltage or has no
contact
Reaction of
the TCU
Possible steps to
repair
OP-Mode:
substitute
clutch control
S.C. TO GROUND AT
OP-Mode:
INTERNAL SPEED INPUT substitute
TCU measures a voltage
clutch control
less than 0.45V at speed
input pin
cable / connector is
defective and is
contacted to vehicle
ground
speed sensor has an
internal defect
12
OP-Mode:
LOGICAL ERROR AT
INTERNAL SPEED INPUT substitute
TCU measures a internal
clutch control
speed over a threshold
and at the next moment
the measured speed is
zero
cable / connector is
defective and has bad
contact
speed sensor has an
internal defect
sensor gap has the
wrong size
42
Remarks
This fault is
reset after power
up of TCU
Fault
Code
(hex)
SPN
FMI
MEANING OF THE
FAULT CODE
possible reason for fault
detection
S.C. TO BATTERY
VOLTAGE OR O.C. AT
OUTPUT SPEED INPUT
TCU measures a voltage
higher than 12.5 V at
speed input pin
cable is defective and is
contacted to battery
voltage
cable has no connection
to TCU
speed sensor has an
internal defect
connector pin is
contacted to battery
voltage or has no
contact
Reaction of
the TCU
3A
5170
3B
5170
3C
5170
special mode
for gear
selection
OP-Mode:
substitute
clutch control
if a failure is
existing at
turbine speed,
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
S.C. TO GROUND AT
OUTPUT SPEED INPUT
TCU measures a voltage
less than 1.00V at speed
input pin
cable / connector is
defective and is
contacted to vehicle
ground
speed sensor has an
internal defect
special mode
for gear
selection
OP-Mode:
substitute
clutch control
if a failure is
existing at
turbine speed,
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
12
LOGICAL ERROR AT
OUTPUT SPEED INPUT
TCU measures a output
speed over a threshold
and at the next moment
the measured speed is
zero
cable / connector is
defective and has bad
contact
speed sensor has an
internal defect
sensor gap has the
wrong size
special mode
for gear
selection
OP-Mode:
substitute
clutch control
if a failure is
existing at
turbine speed,
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
43
Possible steps to
repair
Remarks
This fault is
reset after power
up of TCU
Fault
Code
(hex)
SPN
FMI
MEANING OF THE
FAULT CODE
possible reason for fault
detection
OUTPUT SPEED ZERO
DOESNT FIT TO OTHER
SPEED SIGNALS
if transmission is not
neutral and the shifting
has finished,
TCU measures
outputspeed zero and
turbine speed or internal
speed not equal to zero.
speed sensor has an
internal defect
sensor gap has the
wrong size
Reaction of
the TCU
Possible steps to
repair
Remarks
special mode
for gear
selection
OP-Mode:
substitute
clutch control
if a failure is
existing at
turbine speed,
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
This fault is
reset after power
up of TCU
3E
5180
71
5480
S.C. TO BATTERY
VOLTAGE AT CLUTCH K1
the measured resistance
value of the valve is out of
limit, the voltage at K1
valve is too high.
cable / connector is
defective and has
contact to battery
voltage
regulator has an internal
defect
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
if failure at
another clutch
is pending
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
1) see
72
5480
S.C. TO GROUND AT
CLUTCH K1
the measured resistance
value of the valve is out of
limit, the voltage at K1
valve is too low.
cable / connector is
defective and has
contact to vehicle
ground
cable / connector is
defective and has
contact to another
regulator output of the
TCU
regulator has an internal
defect
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
if failure at
another clutch
is pending
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
1)
44
chapter
Measuring of
resistance
see chapter
Measuring of
resistance
Fault
Code
(hex)
SPN
FMI
MEANING OF THE
FAULT CODE
possible reason for fault
detection
O.C. AT CLUTCH K1
the measured resistance
value of the valve is out of
limit.
cable / connector is
defective and has no
contact to TCU
regulator has an internal
defect
Reaction of
the TCU
73
5480
74
5490
75
76
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
if failure at
another clutch
is pending
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
1) see
S.C. TO BATTERY
VOLTAGE AT CLUTCH K2
the measured resistance
value of the valve is out of
limit, the voltage at K2
valve is too high.
cable / connector is
defective and has
contact to battery
voltage
regulator has an internal
defect
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
if failure at
another clutch
is pending
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
1) see
5490
S.C. TO GROUND AT
CLUTCH K2
the measured resistance
value of the valve is out of
limit, the voltage at K2
valve is too low.
cable / connector is
defective and has
contact to vehicle
ground
cable / connector is
defective and has
contact to another
regulator output of the
TCU
regulator has an internal
defect
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
if failure at
another clutch
is pending
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
1) see
5490
O.C. AT CLUTCH K2
the measured resistance
value of the valve is out of
limit.
cable / connector is
defective and has no
contact to TCU
regulator has an internal
defect
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
if failure at
another clutch
is pending
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
1) see
45
Possible steps to
repair
Remarks
chapter
Measuring of
resistance
chapter
Measuring of
resistance
chapter
Measuring of
resistance
chapter
Measuring of
resistance
Fault
Code
(hex)
SPN
FMI
MEANING OF THE
FAULT CODE
possible reason for fault
detection
S.C. TO BATTERY
VOLTAGE AT CLUTCH K3
the measured resistance
value of the valve is out of
limit, the voltage at K3
valve is too high.
cable / connector is
defective and has
contact to battery
voltage
regulator has an internal
defect
Reaction of
the TCU
77
5500
78
5500
79
84
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
if failure at
another clutch
is pending
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
1) see
S.C. TO GROUND AT
CLUTCH K3
the measured resistance
value of the valve is out of
limit, the voltage at K3
valve is too low.
cable / connector is
defective and has
contact to vehicle
ground
cable / connector is
defective and has
contact to another
regulator output of the
TCU
regulator has an internal
defect
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
if failure at
another clutch
is pending
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
1) see
5500
O.C. AT CLUTCH K3
the measured resistance
value of the valve is out of
limit.
cable / connector is
defective and has no
contact to TCU
regulator has an internal
defect
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
if failure at
another clutch
is pending
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
1) see
5520
S.C. TO BATTERY
VOLTAGE AT CLUTCH KV
the measured resistance
value of the valve is out of
limit, the voltage at KV
valve is too high.
cable / connector is
defective and has
contact to battery
voltage
regulator has an internal
defect
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
if failure at
another clutch
is pending
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
1) see
46
Possible steps to
repair
Remarks
chapter
Measuring of
resistance
chapter
Measuring of
resistance
chapter
Measuring of
resistance
chapter
Measuring of
resistance
Fault
Code
(hex)
SPN
FMI
MEANING OF THE
FAULT CODE
possible reason for fault
detection
S.C. TO GROUND AT
CLUTCH KV
the measured resistance
value of the valve is out of
limit, the voltage at KV
valve is too low.
cable / connector is
defective and has
contact to vehicle
ground
cable / connector is
defective and has
contact to another
regulator output of the
TCU
regulator has an internal
defect
Reaction of
the TCU
85
5520
86
5520
87
5530
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
if failure at
another clutch
is pending
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
1) see
O.C. AT CLUTCH KV
the measured resistance
value of the valve is out of
limit.
cable / connector is
defective and has no
contact to TCU
regulator has an internal
defect
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
if failure at
another clutch
is pending
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
1) see
S.C. TO RATTERY
VOLTAGE AT CLUTCH KR
the measured resistance
value of the valve is out of
limit, the voltage at KR
valve is too high.
cable / connector is
defective and has
contact to battery
voltage
regulator has an internal
defect
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
if failure at
another clutch
is pending
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
1)
47
Possible steps to
repair
Remarks
chapter
Measuring of
resistance
chapter
Measuring of
resistance
see chapter
Measuring of
resistance
Fault
Code
(hex)
SPN
FMI
MEANING OF THE
FAULT CODE
possible reason for fault
detection
S.C. TO GROUND AT
CLUTCH KR
the measured resistance
value of the valve is out of
limit, the voltage at KR
valve is too low.
cable / connector is
defective and has
contact to vehicle
ground
cable / connector is
defective and has
contact to another
regulator output of the
TCU
regulator has an internal
defect
Reaction of
the TCU
88
5530
89
5530
91
5560
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
if failure at
another clutch
is pending
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
1) see
O.C. AT CLUTCH KR
the measured resistance
value of the valve is out of
limit.
cable / connector is
defective and has no
contact to TCU
regulator has an internal
defect
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
if failure at
another clutch
is pending
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
1) see
S.C. TO GROUND AT
RELAY REVERSE
WARNING ALARM
TCU detected a wrong
voltage at the output pin,
that looks like a s.c. to
vehicle ground
cable is defective and is
contacted to vehicle
ground
backup alarm device has
an internal defect
connector pin is
contacted to vehicle
ground
backup alarm
will be on until
TCU power
down even if
fault vanishes
(loose
connection)
OP-Mode:
normal
1)
48
Possible steps to
repair
Remarks
chapter
Measuring of
resistance
chapter
Measuring of
resistance
see chapter
Measuring of
resistance
Fault
Code
(hex)
SPN
FMI
92
5560
93
5560
B1
5660
MEANING OF THE
FAULT CODE
possible reason for fault
detection
S.C. TO BATTERY
VOLTAGE AT RELAY
REVERSE WARNING
ALARM
TCU detected a wrong
voltage at the output pin,
that looks like a s.c. to
battery voltage
cable is defective and is
contacted to battery
voltage
backup alarm device has
an internal defect
connector pin is
contacted to battery
voltage
Reaction of
the TCU
Possible steps to
repair
Remarks
no reaction
OP-Mode:
normal
1) see
O.C. AT RELAY
no reaction
REVERSE WARNING
OP-Mode:
ALARN
normal
TCU detected a wrong
voltage at the output pin,
that looks like a o.c. for
this output pin
cable is defective and
has no connection to
TCU
backup alarm device has
an internal defect
connector has no
connection to TCU
1) see
SLIPPAGE AT CLUTCH
K1
TCU calculates a
differential speed at closed
clutch K1. If this calculated
value is out of range, TCU
interprets this as slipping
clutch.
low pressure at clutch
K1
low main pressure
wrong signal at internal
speed sensor
wrong signal at output
speed sensor
wrong size of the sensor
gap
clutch is defective
check pressure at
clutch K1
check main
pressure in the
system
check sensor gap
at internal speed
sensor
check sensor gap
at output speed
sensor
check signal at
internal speed
sensor
check signal at
output speed
sensor
replace clutch
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
if failure at
another clutch
is pending
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
49
chapter
Measuring of
resistance
chapter
Measuring of
resistance
Fault
Code
(hex)
SPN
FMI
B2
5665
B3
5670
MEANING OF THE
FAULT CODE
possible reason for fault
detection
SLIPPAGE AT CLUTCH
K2
TCU calculates a
differential speed at closed
clutch K2. If this calculated
value is out of range, TCU
interprets this as slipping
clutch.
low pressure at clutch
K2
low main pressure
wrong signal at internal
speed sensor
wrong signal at output
speed sensor
wrong size of the sensor
gap
clutch is defective
Reaction of
the TCU
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
if failure at
another clutch
is pending
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
check pressure at
clutch K2
check main
pressure in the
system
check sensor gap
at internal speed
sensor
check sensor gap
at output speed
sensor
check signal at
internal speed
sensor
check signal at
output speed
sensor
replace clutch
SLIPPAGE AT CLUTCH
K3
TCU calculates a
differential speed at closed
clutch K3. If this calculated
value is out of range, TCU
interprets this as slipping
clutch.
low pressure at clutch
K3
low main pressure
wrong signal at internal
speed sensor
wrong signal at output
speed sensor
wrong size of the sensor
gap
clutch is defective
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
if failure at
another clutch
is pending
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
check pressure at
clutch K3
check main
pressure in the
system
check sensor gap
at internal speed
sensor
check sensor gap
at output speed
sensor
check signal at
internal speed
sensor
check signal at
output speed
sensor
replace clutch
50
Possible steps to
repair
Remarks
Fault
Code
(hex)
SPN
FMI
MEANING OF THE
FAULT CODE
possible reason for fault
detection
SLIPPAGE AT CLUTCH
KV
TCU calculates a
differential speed at closed
clutch KV. If this calculated
value is out of range, TCU
interprets this as slipping
clutch.
low pressure at clutch
KV
low main pressure
wrong signal at internal
speed sensor
wrong signal at turbine
speed sensor
wrong size of the sensor
gap
clutch is defective
Reaction of
the TCU
B5
5680
B6
5685
B7
5700
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
if failure at
another clutch
is pending
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
check pressure at
clutch KV
check main
pressure in the
system
check sensor gap
at internal speed
sensor
check sensor gap
at turbine speed
sensor
check signal at
internal speed
sensor
check signal at
turbine speed
sensor
replace clutch
SLIPPAGE AT CLUTCH
KR
TCU calculates a
differential speed at closed
clutch KR. If this
calculated value is out of
range, TCU interprets this
as slipping clutch.
low pressure at clutch
KR
low main pressure
wrong signal at internal
speed sensor
wrong signal at turbine
speed sensor
wrong size of the sensor
gap
clutch is defective
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode: limp
home
if failure at
another clutch
is pending
TCU shifts to
neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
check pressure at
clutch KR
check main
pressure in the
system
check sensor gap
at internal speed
sensor
check sensor gap
at turbine speed
sensor
check signal at
internal speed
sensor
check signal at
turbine speed
sensor
replace clutch
OVERTEMP SUMP
TCU measured a
temperature in the oil
sump that is over the
allowed threshold.
no reaction
OP-Mode:
normal
51
Possible steps to
repair
Remarks
Fault
Code
(hex)
SPN
FMI
MEANING OF THE
FAULT CODE
possible reason for fault
detection
DIFFERENTIAL
PRESSURE OIL FILTER
TCU measured a voltage
at differential pressure
switch out of the allowed
range
oil filter is polluted
cable/connector is
broken or
cable/connector is
contacted to battery
voltage or vehicle
ground
differential pressure
switch is defective
Reaction of
the TCU
BA
5730
D1
5810
D2
D3
no reaction
OP-Mode:
normal
S.C. TO BATTERY
VOLTAGE AT POWER
SUPPLY FORSEN SORS
TCU measures more than
6V at the pin AU1 (5V
sensor supply)
5810
S.C. TO GROUND AT
POWER SUPPLY FOR
SENSORS
TCU measures less than
4V at the pin AU1 (5V
sensor supply)
5820
LOW VOLTAGE AT
shift to neutral
BATTERY
OP-Mode:
measured voltage at
TCU shutdown
power supply is lower than
10 V (12V device)
lower than 18 V (24V
device)
52
Possible steps to
repair
Remarks
Fault
Code
(hex)
SPN
FMI
D4
5820
D5
5830
ERROR AT VALVE
shift to neutral
POWER SUPPLY VPS1
OP-Mode:
TCU switched on VPS1
TCU shutdown
and measured VPS1 is
off or TCU switched off
VPS1 and measured
VPS1 is still on
cable or connectors are
defect and are contacted
to battery voltage
cable or connectors are
defect and are contacted
to vehicle ground
permanent power supply
KL30 missing
TCU has an internal defect
check fuse
check cables from
gearbox to TCU
check connectors
from gearbox to
TCU
replace TCU
5840
shift to neutral
ERROR AT VALVE
OP-Mode:
POWER SUPPLY VPS2
TCU shutdown
TCU switched on VPS2
and measured VPS2 is off
or TCU switched off VPS2
and measured VPS2 is still
on
cable or connectors are
defect and are contacted
to battery voltage
cable or connectors are
defect and are contacted
to vehicle ground
permanent power supply
KL30 missing
TCU has an internal
defect
check fuse
check cables from
gearbox to TCU
check connectors
from gearbox to
TCU
replace TCU
D6
MEANING OF THE
FAULT CODE
possible reason for fault
detection
HIGH VOLTAGE AT
BATTERY
measured voltage at
power supply is higher
than 18 V (12V device)
higher than 32.5 V (24V
device)
Reaction of
the TCU
shift to neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
53
Possible steps to
repair
Remarks
Fault
Code
(hex)
SPN
FMI
MEANING OF THE
FAULT CODE
possible reason for fault
detection
S.C. TO BATTERY
VOLTAGE AT DISPLAY
OUTPUT
TCU sends data to the
display and measures
allways a high voltage
level on the connector
cable or connectors are
defective and are
contacted to battery
voltage
display has an internal
defect
Reaction of
the TCU
E3
5860
E4
5860
F1
no reaction
OP-Mode:
normal
S.C. TO GROUND AT
DISPLAY OUTPUT
TCU sends data to the
display and measures
allways a high voltage
level on the connector
cable or connectors are
defective and are
contacted to vehicle
ground
display has an internal
defect
no reaction
OP-Mode:
normal
5890
GENERAL EEPROM
FAULT
TCU can't read non
volantile memoy
TCU is defective
no reaction
OP-Mode:
normal
replace TCU
often shown
together with
fault code F2
F3
5910
13
APPLICATION ERROR
something of this
application is wrong
transmission
stay neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
replace TCU
F5
5930
CLUTCH FAILURE
AEB was not able to adjust
clutch filling parameters
One of the AEB-Values is
out of limit
transmission
stay neutral
OP-Mode:
TCU shutdown
check clutch
54
Possible steps to
repair
Remarks
Fault
Code
(hex)
SPN
FMI
F6
5930
13
MEANING OF THE
FAULT CODE
possible reason for fault
detection
CLUTCH ADJUSTMENT
DATA LOST OR
INCHPEDAL
CALIBRATION DATA
LOST
TCU was not able to read
correct clutch adjustment
parameters
interference during
saving data on non
volatile memory
TCU is brand new
Reaction of
the TCU
default values
= 0 for AEB
offsets used
OP-Mode:
normal
no Inchmode
available
55
Possible steps to
repair
Remarks
execute AEB
Measuring of resistance at
actuator/sensors and cable
actuator
cable
R12
R12 R;
R1G 0, R2G R or
R1G R, R2G 0
(for s.c. to ground, G is
connected to vehicle
ground)
2 Actuator/
Sensor
C (chassis)
Gnd
open circuit:
P (power supply)
TCU
1
R1G
Bat
R2G
open circuit:
R12
R12 0;
R1C R2C 0,
R1P R2P
R12 0,
R1C R2C
,
R1P R2P 0
R1P
R1C
R2P
R2C
R12 R;
R1G 0, R2G R or
R1G R, R2G 0
(for s.c. to battery, G is
connected to battery
voltage)
56