Hatchery Sanitation and Biosecurity

S.T.Moubarak
Cairo University

Dirty
eggs
from
farm

Dirty
vehicles

Inadequate
cleaning
and
disinfection
of hatchery
areas

Poor
personal
hygiene

Hatchery Work Flow

Egg Receiving Area

Egg Holding Area

Egg Cooler

Setters

Hatcher Room

Tray Dumping

Chick Processing Area

Chick Holding Area

Chick Loading Area

Tray ' Wash Room

Cleaning and Disinfection

FUNDAMENTALS OF CLEANING
(Detergency Processes)
1. Good contact ------------- Wetting
2. Displacement ------------- Saponifying the Fat
------------- Peptizing the Proteins
------------- Dissolving the Minerals
3. Dispersion -------------- Deflocculation or Emulsification
4. Preventing re-deposition --------- Rinsing

Chemical Action

Soils are electro-chemically bonded to the

surface.
We must break that bond to remove the soils
Cleaning happens at Neutral (pH = 7)

Oily, Sticky Organic Soils

pH Scale

10 million times
stronger than water

Increasing Acidity

0
10x

10x 10x

Dry, Loose Mineral Soils

10x

10x

10x

10x

10 million times
stronger than water

Increasing Alkalinity
8

10x 10x

10

11 12

10x

10x

14
13

10x

10x 10x

Caustic Soda (Lye)

Floor Strippers

Degreasers

Spray & Wipe Cleaners

Pure
Water

Window Cleaner
Extraction Cleaner
Hand Soap

Neutral

Neutral Cleaner

Disinfectant Cleaners

Nutra-Rinse

Boric Acid

Vinegar

Rust Remover

Descaler
CSP
Creme Clean

Hydrochloric Acid

6.5 - 7.5

Cleaning With Chemistry

1. Identify the relative pH of the soil

2. Apply a product with the opposite pH
3. Wait for some time for the chemistry to
work

Types Of Cleaners

Neutral Cleaners
Alkaline Cleaners
Acid Cleaners
Disinfectant Cleaners
Abrasive Cleaners & Cleaning Abrasives
Enzymatic Cleaners
Specialty Cleaners

Surfactants

Alkaline Builders

- Anionic

Acid Builders

- Cationic

Conditioners

- Amphoteric

Oxidizing Agents

- Non-ionic

( )
( )

( )

( - -
)

Surfactants

Micelle Formation

Surfactants

Surfactants

Alkalis

Their functions include:

Neutralisation of acidic soiling
Saponification of fatty soil
Enhancement of soil removal, for example, with anionics
Improving soil suspension and preventing re-deposition

Alkalis

The alkalis generally used in detergents are:

Sodium / Potassium* Silicates
Sodium / Potassium* Carbonates
Sodium / Potassium* Hydroxides
* The potassium salts are used for liquid detergent
products due to their higher solubility.

Builders

Detergent builders are chemicals which

remove hard water ions
(Calcium and Magnesium)
from the wash liquor.

Builders
Detergent Builders remove calcium and magnesium
ions by
one of two mechanisms:

Ion Exchange: e.g. Zeolites

Complexing: e.g. EDTA, Sodium citrate,
Condensed phosphates

Builders
In the absence of builders
Ca2+ + Silicate Calcium Silicate Scale
Ca2+ + Carbonate Calcium Carbonate Scale (Limescale)
Ca2+ + Stearic Soap Calcium Stearate

Functions of Inerts
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
Emulsifier
Solvent
Cleaning
Fog enhancement

Acid Cleaners

Used to clean mineral deposits and/or

rust stains left by hard water
In Hatcheries: use acid cleaner every
4-6 weeks

Acid Cleaners
Select by the type of acid and its strength
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid should only be used by trained
persons.
Phosphoric acid cleaners 8 to 20% will not
damage chrome or stainless steel surfaces.
Products as strong as 33% are used as
descalers.

Acid cleaners always require Personal Protective Equipment

Biofilm

Biofilm

Biofilm

Aspergillus molds in poultry

- Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus.
- A. fumigatus grows easily on organic material
such as eggs, down and poultry litter,
while A. flavus is more likely to grow on feed grains.
- Other Aspergillus molds, such as A.niger,
A.nidulans and A. versicolor, are also seen in
poultry production.

A.Fumigatus
Blue-green appearance with a white border.
The base of the mold growth, on the underside of
the plate, is colorless or yellowish white.

A.Flavus

A.Niger

Aspergillus
Aspergillus spores have a diameter of 2.5
microns. A small speck of dirt or fecal
material on an egg can contain many
thousands of spores
For example, a single gram of chick fluff
may contain up to 190,000 mold spores.

Aspergillus in the Hatchery

Foaming the Hatcher

Egg Washing

Washing Dirty Eggs

Egg Washing

Peroxygen
Peracetic Acid
Glutaraldehyde
Quaternary Ammonium
Compounds
Phenolics and Cresylics

Iodophores

Hypochlorites

1950 1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

Evolution of Chemical Disinfectants in Poultry Industry

Thank you Questions ?