Solución Numérica de Sistemas de Un Grado de Libertad

DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERA CIVIL
Programa de Maestra en Ingeniera Ssmica y

Estructuras
Estudiantes: Jhordan Alejandro Bejarano

Matrcula: 1068150
Profesor: Ing. M. Sc. C. Ph. D Eduardo Miranda
Curso: Ingeniera Ssmica MIS-507
Semana: 3
Actividad: Asignacin 1
Fecha de entrega: 31 de agosto de 2016
Equipo: N/A
Ttulo de la prctica: Solucin numrica a sistemas de 1
grado de libertad y espectros de respuesta
Maestra en Ingeniera Estructural

Instituto Tecnolgico de Santo Domingo
Jhordan Alejandro Bejarano

ID: 1068150
RESUMEN
El desarrollo de esta asignacin se enfoca en hacer un breve repaso de los mtodos
numricos ms empleados, para la resolucin de la respuesta ssmica de un
sistema de un grado de libertad (S1GDL). En esta oportunidad, y con base en el
material de estudio de las tres primeras semanas, se han programado en hojas de
clculo de Excel, los mtodos de Iwan o de Recurrencia y el mtodo de Newmark
en sus dos variables principales (mtodo de aceleracin promedio y mtodo de
aceleracin linea). Los resultados obtenidos por cada uno de los mtodos se han
comparado y teniendo en cuenta las respuestas mximas del sistema, se han
construido diferentes espectros de respuesta.


ID: 1068150
TABLA DE CONTENIDO
1.
INTRODUCCIN ............................................................................................. 4
2.
OBJETIVOS..................................................................................................... 4
2.1. Objetivo general ......................................................................................... 4
2.2. Objetivos especficos ................................................................................. 4
3.
DESCRIPCIN DEL PROBLEMA................................................................... 4
4.
DESARROLLO DEL PROBLEMA .................................................................. 6

4.1. Desarrollo del punto 1 ................................................................................ 6
4.2. Desarrollo del punto 2 .............................................................................. 13
4.3.1. Mtodo de Iwan (Recurrencia)........................................................... 19
4.3.2. Mtodo de Newmark.......................................................................... 22
4.4.1. Comparacin entre Mtodo de Iwan, Newmark Aceleracin promedio y
Newmark Aceleracin constante con Tn = 1 s y =2% .................................. 28
Newmark Aceleracin constante con Tn = 0.1 s y =2%................................ 30
4.4.3. Comparacin entre los dos mtodos Newmark (Aceleracin promedio
y Aceleracin constante) con Tn = 0.02 s y =2%.......................................... 33
5.
CONCLUSIONES .......................................................................................... 37


ID: 1068150
1. INTRODUCCIN
Para el desarrollo y entendimiento del curso de Ingeniera ssmica, previamente es
necesario tener claros algunos conceptos bsicos de dinmica de estructuras. En
esta oportunidad de hace un repaso de la ecuacin de equilibrio dinmico de un
S1GDL, y los mtodos de solucin numrica de dicha ecuacin, ms empleados
como lo son el mtodo de Iwan y el mtodo de Newmark, visto en sus dos variables
principales, como lo son el mtodo de la aceleracin promedio y el mtodo de la
aceleracin lineal.
2. OBJETIVOS
2.1.
Entender y diferenciar el comportamiento o respuesta ssmica de un S1GDL,

a partir de sus propiedades dinmicas y caractersticas de la excitacin a la
cual se ve sometido.
2.2.
Objetivo general
Objetivos especficos
Repasar la ecuacin de equilibrio dinmico.

Entender y programar los mtodos numrica a la ecuacin del equilibrio
dinmico, como lo son el mtodo de Iwan o Recurrencia y el mtodo de
Newmark.
Observar y comparar el comportamiento dinmico de un S1GDL, al variar
propiedades dinmicas como lo son su periodo natural de vibracin y sus
caractersticas de amortiguamiento.
Calcular los parmetros de respuesta del S1GDL, para as determinar sus
valores mximo o picos, con el fin de construir los espectros de respuesta.
3. DESCRIPCIN DEL PROBLEMA

La asignacin consiste en la resolucin de 5 puntos que se muestran a continuacin:


ID: 1068150


ID: 1068150
4. DESARROLLO DEL PROBLEMA

4.1.
Desarrollo del punto 1

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ID: 1068150
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33.835

ID: 1068150
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11
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4.32
4.34
4.36
4.38
4.40
4.42
4.44
4.46
4.48
4.50
4.52
4.54
4.56
4.58
4.60
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4.66
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5.00
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ID: 1068150
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12
8.37357
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4.2.

ID: 1068150
13

ti
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.30
0.32
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.46
0.48
0.50
0.52
0.54
0.56
0.58
0.60
0.62
0.64
0.66
0.68
0.70
0.72
0.74
0.76
0.78
0.80
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.88
0.90
0.92
0.94
0.96
0.98
1.00
1.02
1.04
agsinsf
0.0063
0.0036
0.0010
0.0043
0.0076
0.0109
0.0068
0.0028
-0.0013
0.0037
0.0086
0.0136
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0.382
1.653
2.927
4.198
2.634
1.070
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1.421
3.337
5.252
2.808
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1.715
3.348
4.982
6.616
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-9.269
-3.831
1.607
2.039
6.384
10.732
pi
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-2.927
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0.494
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1.325
9.269
3.831
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u(t)
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ID: 1068150
u'(t)
0.000
-0.038
-0.056
-0.076
-0.121
-0.190
-0.256
-0.290
-0.292
-0.297
-0.339
-0.418
-0.490
-0.513
-0.522
-0.534
-0.530
-0.533
-0.567
-0.632
-0.728
-0.759
-0.629
-0.474
-0.426
-0.436
-0.492
-0.634
u''(t)
-2.433
-1.394
-0.361
-1.619
-2.871
-4.107
-2.499
-0.892
0.709
-1.168
-3.035
-4.885
-2.366
0.148
-1.044
-0.206
0.633
-0.933
-2.490
-4.034
-5.560
2.483
10.487
5.083
-0.310
-0.686
-4.960
-9.207
u''(t)total
0.000
0.011
0.021
0.034
0.056
0.091
0.135
0.177
0.215
0.253
0.302
0.367
0.442
0.511
0.578
0.647
0.714
0.781
0.858
0.948
1.056
1.158
1.218
1.252
1.297
1.353
1.424
1.526
p
1.027
1.023
-1.271
-1.274
-1.271
1.564
1.564
1.564
-1.916
-1.916
-1.916
2.445
2.445
-1.259
0.769
0.772
-1.634
-1.634
-1.634
-1.634
7.940
7.944
-5.438
-5.438
-0.433
-4.345
-4.349
-4.345
-0.233670
-0.860
-13.407
1.671
-0.253168
-0.275713
-0.299359
-0.323625
-1.070
-1.165
-1.199
-1.227
-7.617
-1.838
-1.549
-1.255
1.841
2.005
2.162
2.322
-3.445
1.877
-0.348392
-0.373200
-1.249
-1.213
-0.962
4.509
7.199
12.521
12.996
22.102
-0.396205
-0.415237
-0.428465
-0.434794
-1.069
-0.816
-0.505
-0.098
-17.510
17.510
-0.432093
-12.922
-12.362
-11.802
-11.242
12.922
12.362
11.802
11.242
-0.421330
-0.404131
-0.381059
-0.352423
-10.682
10.682
-0.318543
-15.896
-21.110
-26.323
-31.537
-26.439
-21.345
-16.251
-16.448
15.896
21.110
26.323
31.537
26.439
21.345
16.251
16.448
-0.279368
-0.233324
-0.178479
-0.112930
-0.035497
0.052223
0.147932
0.249671
p*
-6.277
-14.672
-19.141
-28.875
-46.131
-67.986
-83.022
-88.395
-87.617
-94.635
-112.876
-137.883
-152.123
-154.950
-159.198
-160.437
-159.043
-164.649
-179.617
-203.867
-227.721
-212.822
-163.175
-132.586
-129.421
-137.457
-167.270
-222.612
u(t)
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.002
-0.003
-0.005
-0.006
-0.006
-0.006
-0.006
-0.008
-0.009
-0.010
-0.010
-0.011
-0.011
-0.011
-0.011
-0.012
-0.014
-0.015
-0.014
-0.011
-0.009
-0.009
-0.009
-0.011
-0.015
u'(t)
-0.038
-0.018
-0.020
-0.045
-0.070
-0.066
-0.034
-0.002
-0.005
-0.042
-0.079
-0.073
-0.022
-0.009
-0.013
0.004
-0.003
-0.034
-0.065
-0.096
-0.031
0.130
0.156
0.048
-0.010
-0.056
-0.142
-0.226
u''(t)
1.039
1.034
-1.258
-1.252
-1.235
1.608
1.607
1.602
-1.878
-1.866
-1.850
2.519
2.514
-1.192
0.838
0.839
-1.566
-1.557
-1.543
-1.526
8.043
8.004
-5.404
-5.393
-0.376
-4.274
-4.246
-4.200
Fuerza
0.000
-0.003
-0.009
-0.017
-0.029
-0.048
-0.077
-0.112
-0.149
-0.186
-0.225
-0.273
-0.331
-0.395
-0.460
-0.527
-0.594
-0.661
-0.730
-0.805
-0.891
-0.987
-1.076
-1.144
-1.200
-1.255
-1.312
-1.382
5.619
-293.251
-0.019 -0.210
5.790
-1.476
5.615
0.131
0.135
0.131
-339.085
-355.646
-364.960
-372.510
-0.023
-0.024
-0.024
-0.025
-0.095
-0.034
-0.028
-0.022
5.779
0.288
0.295
0.293
-1.599
-1.742
-1.891
-2.044
2.483
2.632
5.322
5.322
-373.104
-346.015
-0.025 0.035
-0.023 0.145
5.471
5.434
-2.201
-2.357
9.943
15.328
15.816
24.871
2.744
2.808
2.821
2.769
5.322
0.475
9.107
-4.592
-286.245
-198.940
-95.199
40.624
-0.019
-0.013
-0.006
0.003
0.253
0.311
0.407
0.450
5.385
0.488
9.055
-4.711
-2.503
-2.623
-2.706
-2.746
0.352
20.160
2.650
-4.588
161.883
0.011
0.356
-4.737
-2.729
0.708
1.009
1.295
1.566
15.423
14.687
13.916
13.114
2.501
2.324
2.114
1.872
-0.560
-0.560
-0.560
-0.560
258.682
347.005
430.695
509.562
0.017
0.023
0.029
0.034
0.301
0.286
0.270
0.254
-0.737
-0.770
-0.802
-0.831
-2.661
-2.553
-2.407
-2.226
1.820
12.283
1.601
5.214
589.203
0.039
0.295
4.900
-2.012
2.114
2.506
2.994
3.576
4.148
4.605
4.947
5.226
17.182
22.017
26.774
31.441
25.725
19.974
14.198
13.689
1.286
0.907
0.450
-0.096
-0.714
-1.371
-2.053
-2.759
5.214
5.214
5.214
-5.098
-5.094
-5.094
0.197
0.201
692.508
824.884
985.867
1164.610
1319.341
1439.480
1530.178
1612.505
0.046
0.055
0.066
0.077
0.088
0.096
0.102
0.107
0.392
0.488
0.582
0.572
0.457
0.342
0.279
0.268
4.834
4.757
4.668
-5.716
-5.751
-5.776
-0.509
-0.537
-1.765
-1.474
-1.127
-0.713
-0.224
0.330
0.934
1.577
14

1.06
1.08
1.10
1.12
1.14
1.16
1.18
1.20
1.22
1.24
1.26
1.28
1.30
1.32
1.34
1.36
1.38
1.40
1.42
1.44
1.46
1.48
1.50
1.52
1.54
1.56
1.58
1.60
1.62
1.64
1.66
1.68
1.70
1.72
1.74
1.76
1.78
1.80
1.82
1.84
1.86
1.88
1.90
1.92
1.94
1.96
1.98
2.00
2.02
2.04
2.06
2.08
2.10
2.12
2.14
2.16
2.18
-0.0431
-0.0243
-0.0055
0.0134
0.0322
0.0510
0.0699
0.0887
0.0452
0.0018
-0.0417
-0.0851
-0.1286
-0.1720
-0.1291
-0.0861
-0.0890
-0.0919
-0.0948
-0.0932
-0.0917
-0.0948
-0.0979
-0.1290
-0.0765
-0.0240
0.0285
0.0810
0.1335
0.1860
0.2385
0.2199
0.2014
0.1828
0.1642
0.1456
0.1614
0.1773
0.1322
-16.649
-9.377
-2.105
5.167
12.440
19.712
26.984
34.256
17.472
0.691
-16.093
-32.877
-49.658
-66.442
-49.851
-33.263
-34.380
-35.500
-36.619
-36.009
-35.399
-36.604
-37.805
-49.828
-29.552
-9.273
11.003
31.278
51.558
71.833
92.109
84.937
77.761
70.586
63.414
56.238
62.344
68.454
51.036
16.649
9.377
2.105
-5.167
-12.440
-19.712
-26.984
-34.256
-17.472
-0.691
16.093
32.877
49.658
66.442
49.851
33.263
34.380
35.500
36.619
36.009
35.399
36.604
37.805
49.828
29.552
9.273
-11.003
-31.278
-51.558
-71.833
-92.109
-84.937
-77.761
-70.586
-63.414
-56.238
-62.344
-68.454
-51.036
0.356883
0.468858
0.582887
0.695772
0.804333
0.905415
0.995896
1.072694
1.134377
1.185953
1.234032
1.285204
1.346023
1.422985
1.520302
1.633235
1.755990
1.887481
2.027785
2.176840
2.334102
2.499016
2.671490
2.852256
3.042749
3.236504
3.424928
3.599483
3.751702
3.873213
3.955760
3.993046
3.986218
3.938355
3.852625
3.732276
3.579747
3.394014
3.174823
0.0871
0.0420
-0.0031
-0.0482
-0.0933
33.619
-33.619
16.205
-1.213
-18.630
-36.048
-16.205
1.213
18.630
36.048
-0.1384
-0.1835
-53.462
-70.879
-0.2286
-0.2737
-0.3188
-0.2502
-88.297
-105.711
-123.128
-96.643
-0.1817
-0.1131
-0.0445
0.0241
0.0927
0.1612
0.2298
5.494
5.677
5.699
5.563
5.267
4.815
4.207
3.447
2.776
2.436
2.427
2.745
3.391
4.359
5.314
5.921
6.355
6.794
7.236
7.663
8.057
8.435
8.813
9.299
9.678
9.626
9.145
8.240
6.913
5.170
3.017
0.736
-1.393
-3.367
-5.179
-6.828
-8.441
-10.147
-11.708

ID: 1068150
13.152
5.131
-2.866
-10.820
-18.712
-26.520
-34.226
-41.811
-25.265
-8.734
7.749
24.138
40.388
56.467
39.046
21.608
21.850
22.040
22.174
20.526
18.833
18.911
18.937
29.708
8.143
-13.348
-34.705
-55.878
-76.819
-97.468
-117.778
-110.326
-102.625
-94.701
-86.578
-78.269
-83.047
-87.597
-68.442
-3.497
-4.246
-4.971
-5.653
-6.272
-6.808
-7.242
-7.555
-7.793
-8.042
-8.344
-8.739
-9.269
-9.974
-10.805
-11.656
-12.529
-13.459
-14.445
-15.484
-16.566
-17.693
-18.868
-20.120
-21.409
-22.621
-23.702
-24.600
-25.261
-25.635
-25.669
-25.389
-24.864
-24.115
-23.164
-22.031
-20.702
-19.143
-17.406
-7.272
-7.272
-7.272
-7.272
-7.272
-7.272
-7.272
16.784
16.780
16.784
16.784
16.780
16.784
-16.591
-16.587
1.116
1.120
1.120
-0.610
-0.610
1.205
1.201
12.022
-20.276
-20.279
-20.276
-20.276
-20.279
-20.276
-20.276
7.172
7.176
7.176
7.172
7.176
-6.106
-6.110
17.418
17.418
1684.126
1715.020
1697.820
1632.786
1520.299
1360.855
1155.068
927.723
775.712
723.121
769.647
914.726
1157.535
1463.658
1698.544
1846.266
1977.666
2110.206
2241.821
2365.261
2480.338
2594.057
2718.758
2865.060
2914.124
2833.955
2625.349
2289.412
1827.554
1241.517
560.790
-102.692
-719.871
-1289.403
-1810.077
-2294.073
-2793.462
-3296.686
-3708.353
-8.021
-7.998
-7.954
-7.891
-7.808
-7.706
-7.585
16.546
16.532
16.483
16.389
16.250
16.079
-17.422
-17.438
0.242
0.190
0.134
-1.648
-1.693
0.078
0.026
10.771
-21.564
-21.491
-21.357
-21.173
-20.941
-20.649
-20.310
7.452
7.700
7.924
8.123
8.309
-4.777
-4.551
19.155
19.241
2.254
2.962
3.682
4.395
5.081
5.719
6.291
6.776
7.165
7.491
7.795
8.118
8.502
8.988
9.603
10.316
11.092
11.922
12.809
13.750
14.743
15.785
16.875
18.016
19.220
20.444
21.634
22.736
23.698
24.465
24.987
25.222
25.179
24.877
24.335
23.575
22.612
21.438
20.054
2.928261
-12.884 -49.201 -15.582
17.414
-4004.317 -0.266 -0.791 19.274
18.496
2.662021
2.383810
2.101331
1.822263
-13.676 -29.926
-14.081 -10.660
-14.103 8.547
-13.741 27.646
-13.721
-11.872
-10.083
-8.402
17.418
17.418
17.418
17.414
-4184.365
-4248.555
-4197.243
-4031.085
-0.278 -0.406
-0.282 -0.021
-0.279 0.362
-0.268 0.742
19.267
19.207
19.098
18.939
16.815
15.057
13.273
11.510
53.462
70.879
1.554244
1.304844
-12.998 46.584
-11.879 65.324
-6.877
-5.555
17.418
17.418
-3751.029 -0.249 1.119

-3358.282 -0.223 1.491
18.740
18.491
9.817
8.242
88.297
105.711
123.128
96.643
1.081558
0.891777
0.742778
0.638779
-10.388 83.815
-8.530 102.007
-6.311 119.864
-4.177 93.553
-4.482
-3.704
-3.264
-3.090
17.414
17.418
-26.486
-26.486
-2854.342
-2240.994
-1564.168
-1001.463
1.858
2.219
2.134
1.607
18.192
17.857
-26.311
-26.428
6.832
5.633
4.692
4.035
-70.157
70.157
0.572193
-2.570
67.124
-3.033
-26.482
-597.684 -0.040 1.078
-43.675
-17.190
9.296
35.781
43.675
17.190
-9.296
-35.781
0.532454
0.508976
0.491179
0.468515
-1.492
-0.944
-0.924
-1.430
40.650
14.188
-12.189
-38.417
-3.026
-3.001
-2.894
-2.636
-26.486
-26.486
-26.486
-26.486
-353.119
-267.677
-340.860
-571.767
62.267
-62.267
0.430500
-2.458
-64.430
-2.163
88.753
-88.753
0.366730
-4.004
-90.163
-1.411
15
0.112
0.114
0.113
0.109
0.101
0.090
0.077
0.062
0.052
0.048
0.051
0.061
0.077
0.097
0.113
0.123
0.131
0.140
0.149
0.157
0.165
0.172
0.181
0.190
0.194
0.188
0.175
0.152
0.122
0.083
0.037
-0.007
-0.048
-0.086
-0.120
-0.153
-0.186
-0.219
-0.247
-0.190
-0.149
-0.104
-0.067
0.183
0.023
-0.137
-0.295
-0.452
-0.607
-0.760
-0.671
-0.340
-0.010
0.319
0.645
0.969
0.955
0.607
0.435
0.439
0.442
0.427
0.394
0.377
0.378
0.486
0.379
-0.052
-0.481
-0.906
-1.327
-1.743
-2.152
-2.281
-2.130
-1.973
-1.813
-1.648
-1.613
-1.706
-1.560
-1.176
-26.474
3.614
-0.023 0.548 -26.461

-0.018 0.020 -26.378
-0.023 -0.506 -26.228
-0.038 -1.028 -26.013
3.363
3.215
3.103
2.959
-26.486
-959.105 -0.064 -1.546 -25.733
2.719
-26.486
-1501.192 -0.100 -2.057 -25.390
2.316

2.20
2.22
2.24
2.26
2.28
2.30
2.32
2.34
2.36
2.38
2.40
2.42
2.44
2.46
2.48
2.50
2.52
2.54
2.56
2.58
2.60
2.62
2.64
2.66
2.68
2.70
2.72
2.74
2.76
2.78
2.80
2.82
2.84
2.86
2.88
2.90
2.92
2.94
2.96
2.98
3.00
3.02
3.04
3.06
3.08
3.10
3.12
3.14
3.16
3.18
3.20
3.22
3.24
3.26
3.28
3.30
3.32
0.2984
0.2320
0.1655
0.0991
0.0327
-0.0337
-0.1001
-0.1666
-0.2330
-0.2994
-0.0042
0.2910
0.2238
0.1566
0.0894
0.0222
-0.0450
0.0183
0.0816
0.1449
0.2082
0.1897
0.1713
0.1376
0.1039
0.0703
0.0366
0.0030
-0.0307
-0.0056
0.0195
0.0446
0.0647
0.0848
0.1049
0.0590
0.0130
-0.0329
-0.0788
-0.0356
0.0077
0.0510
0.0101
-0.0307
-0.0716
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-51.637 19.1015
-51.283 -20.3875

4.48
4.50
4.52
4.54
4.56
4.58
4.60
4.62
4.64
4.66
4.68
4.70
4.72
4.74
4.76
4.78
4.80
4.82
4.84
4.86
4.88
4.90
4.92
4.94
4.96
4.98
5.00

ID: 1068150
0.0514
19.855
-19.855
8.126468
-2.420
-0.064 -1.609 -19.620
51.331
0.1042
0.1570
40.242
60.630
-40.242
-60.630
8.062631
7.962712
-4.029 -90.259 -50.017 -20.3875 -1502.812 -0.100 -1.998 -19.304

-6.027 -109.563 -48.934 -20.3914 -2161.594 -0.144 -2.381 -18.945
50.928
50.297
0.2098
0.2626
0.1700
0.0773
81.021
101.408
65.639
29.869
-81.021
-101.408
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7.818991
7.623895
7.373747
7.079961
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-50.784 -20.3875
-47.487
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-41.209
-20.3875
35.7698
35.7698
35.7660
-960.124
-2934.297
-3762.291
-4418.607
-4846.213
-0.195
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-2.755 -18.532
-2.562 37.929
-1.802 38.033
-1.041 38.037
-0.0153
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5.897
6.757745
-16.568 -33.041 -38.938 35.7698
-5045.074 -0.335 -0.281
-0.1079
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25.022
41.667
77.437
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35.7698
-51.2294
-51.2294
18.5685
49.389
48.157
46.577
44.721
37.952
42.686
-0.333 0.476 37.769

-0.322 0.361 -49.276
-0.325 -0.622 -49.037
-0.342 -0.903 20.936
40.567
38.460
36.425
34.373
0.0167
6.453
-6.453
5.099338
-17.538 -34.697 -28.243 18.5685
-5358.934 -0.356 -0.485
20.929
32.210
-0.0314
-0.0795
-0.1275
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-0.2237
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0.0680
0.1813
0.1446
0.1080
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0.0347
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26.269
70.010
55.860
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13.413
12.115
30.684
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67.821
86.389
104.958
61.217
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4.743031
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2.524446
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1.718795
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68.829
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18
-25.883
-23.582
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-14.619
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18.5685
18.5685
18.5685
18.5685
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-43.7410
-43.7449
-43.7410
14.1504
14.1504
14.1465
14.1504
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1.173
1.578
1.355
0.509
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-1.173
-1.428
-1.101
-0.773
-0.444
-0.495

4.3.

ID: 1068150
4.3.1. Mtodo de Iwan (Recurrencia)

A continuacin, se muestran los parmetros de entrada, las respuestas mximas y
las grficas del historial de desplazamientos relativos y aceleraciones totales del
S1GDL, para condiciones de periodos de vibracin de 0.5, 1 y 2 s, con una fraccin
de amortiguamiento crtico de 2%, utilizando el mtodo de Iwan.
19


ID: 1068150
20


ID: 1068150
21


ID: 1068150
4.3.2. Mtodo de Newmark

A continuacin, se presentan los parmetros de entrada, las respuestas mximas y
las grficas del historial de desplazamientos relativos y aceleraciones totales, para
un S1GDL con periodos de vibracin de 0.5, 1 y 2 s, manteniendo constante el
amortiguamiento, con fraccin de amortiguamiento crtico de 5%, utilizando el
mtodo de Newmark de Aceleracin Promedio.
22


ID: 1068150
23


ID: 1068150
24


ID: 1068150
25


ID: 1068150
TABLA RESUMEN DE RESPUESTAS PICO

=2%
Periodoalor mximo (pico)
u(t)
u'(t)
u''(t)
u''total(t)
0.5
2.345
28.237
369.514
371.218
1
5.034
33.913
232.864
198.939
2
3.030
17.829
166.268
29.941
=5%
Periodo
Valor mximo (pico)
u(t)
u'(t)
u''(t)
u''total(t)
0.5
2.074
25.462
321.439
329.027
1
3.841
24.849
225.917
152.587
2
2.070
16.794
163.354
20.932
26


ID: 1068150
Al observar las anteriores grficas, que muestran las respuestas pico o respuestas
mximas del S1GDL, para condiciones diferenciadas de periodos de vibracin y
amortiguamiento, se pueden hacer las siguientes afirmaciones:
Influencia del periodo de vibracin:
Claramente se observa que, de acuerdo al periodo de vibracin natural propio del

sistema, los valores de respuestas dinmicas mximas o picos, varan
considerablemente. Es posible notar que hay una gran incidencia del periodo de
vibracin, en la respuesta de desplazamientos mximos, hallndose un valor
intermedio que representa un pico dentro de la grfica de respuestas mximas, que
en este caso es de 1 segundo. Los valores posteriores y anteriores al periodo de
vibracin de 1 segundo, presentan descenso en las magnitudes mximas de
desplazamientos. De igual manera, se puede observar un comportamiento similar
en la grfica de velocidades pico. En lo que concierne a las aceleraciones mximas,
el periodo de vibracin no muestra una incidencia de proporciones parecidas a las
dos grficas referidas anteriormente, aunque hay una variacin relativamente
pequea entre periodos de vibracin diferentes, en este caso, parece ser el
amortiguamiento aquella variable que rige con ms ponderacin el comportamiento
del sistema.
Influencia del amortiguamiento:
De manera general, es posible decir que entre ms alto sea el valor del
amortiguamiento del sistema, menores son los valores de las respuestas mximas
del mismo, incluyendo tanto los desplazamientos relativos, como las velocidades
relativas y las aceleraciones absolutas.
Las diferencias de las respuestas mximas entre sistemas con diferentes valores
de amortiguamiento, pero con el mismo periodo de vibracin, varan de acuerdo al
mismo periodo de vibracin. En otras palabras, si se observa la grfica de
desplazamientos mximos, la diferencia de respuesta entre los sistemas con
diferentes amortiguamientos, es relativamente baja en un periodo de vibracin de
0.5 segundos, pero se ampla considerablemente cuando se tiene un periodo de
vibracin de 1 segundo. Las otras grficas presentan comportamientos de variacin
similares, pero con comportamientos particulares, por ejemplo, al enfocarse en la
grfica de aceleraciones mximas, es posible notar que la diferencia de respuestas
entre los sistemas, es considerablemente alta cuando se tienen periodos de
vibracin bajos, pero dicha diferencia se reduce de manera importante cuando se
llega a periodos de vibracin altos, en este caso igual a 2 segundos.
27

4.4.

ID: 1068150

Newmark Aceleracin constante con Tn = 1 s y =2%
28


ID: 1068150
29


ID: 1068150
La anterior grfica muestra el historial de desplazamientos relativos para el S1GDL

con un periodo de vibracin de 1 segundo y una fraccin de amortiguamiento crtico
igual al 2%. En la grfica se han superpuesto los resultados obtenidos por medio de
los mtodos de Iwan (Recurrencia), Newmark con aceleracin promedio y Newmark
con aceleracin constante. En la grfica, no es posible identificar con facilidad el
trazado de cada una de las respuestas, por la similitud entre stas, con lo cual se
puede concluir que los resultados obtenidos por los tres mtodos, es esencialmente
el mismo.
Newmark Aceleracin constante con Tn = 0.1 s y =2%
30


ID: 1068150
31


ID: 1068150
32


ID: 1068150
Es evidente que, al reducir el periodo de vibracin del sistema, las diferencias de

los resultados obtenidos entre cada uno de los mtodos empleados, se hacen
mucho ms notorias, concluyendo as, que los mtodos pueden perder precisin
cuando se tratan sistemas con rigideces altas, es decir, con periodos de vibracin
bajos. Aunque los resultados de las respuestas mximas, pueden ser comparables
entre los diferentes mtodos empleados, claramente el error crece cuando se
reduce el periodo de vibracin.
4.4.3. Comparacin entre los dos mtodos Newmark (Aceleracin promedio y
Aceleracin constante) con Tn = 0.02 s y =2%
33


ID: 1068150
Al tomar las condiciones de periodo de vibracin bastante pequeo (0.02), lo que

se asemeja a una estructura demasiado rgida, puede notarse que hay resultados
sumamente diferentes dependiendo del mtodo empleado, ya sea Newmark con
aceleracin promedio o Newmark con aceleracin constante. En clase se explic
que Newmark con aceleracin promedio es un mtodo estable, lo que significa
independientemente de los parmetros empleados como datos de entrada, arroja
resultados coherentes, mientras que, por otra parte, el mtodo de Newmark con
aceleracin constante, es un mtodo inestable que presenta resultados totalmente
34


ID: 1068150
errneos al manejar ciertos valores de parmetros de entrada. En este caso, el

mtodo de Newmark con aceleracin constante, ha presentado inestabilidad al
tomar un periodo de vibracin bajo.
4.5.
Tomando como base la hoja de clculo en la que se program el mtodo de Iwan o

Recurrencia para calcular la respuesta dinmica de un S1GDL ante una carga
ssmica, y teniendo en cuenta la explicacin del video Semana3d, a continuacin,
se presentan los espectros de respuesta, con las especificaciones descritas en el
numeral 3 punto 5.
35


ID: 1068150
Los espectros de respuesta difieren a pesar de ser registros del mismo sismo, a una
misma distancia focal y en el mismo tipo de suelo. Las discrepancias entre los
diferentes espectros de respuesta pueden deberse a alguna de las siguientes
razones expuestas:
La orientacin del aparato de medicin con respecto a la direccin de llegada

de las ondas, pues puede ser que las ondas ssmicas tuvieran una
orientacin N-S mientras que el aparato de medicin pudiera no estar
ubicado de manera paralela a dicho sentido, lo que va a producir variaciones
en los registros ssmicos.
La topografa y geologa local de la zona en la cual se ubica el aparato de

medicin, pues es de saberse que pueden ocurrir fenmenos de refraccin
y/o reflexin que podran variar los registros entre un aparato de medida y
otro, de acuerdo a si el aparato se halla en un valle, cima o terreno llano.
Las caractersticas particulares de cada una de las estaciones sismogrficas,

sus condiciones de mantenimiento, calibracin, tipos de elementos de
medicin entre otros.
Las condiciones de ruido o dems seales que pueden estar registrando

cada estacin y que no tienen que ver con las ondas ssmicas.
36


ID: 1068150
5. CONCLUSIONES
1. Ha sido posible determinar la respuesta dinmica de un S1GDL, causada por
cargas ssmicas, a partir de la programacin de 3 mtodos numricos. Fue
posible corroborar la gran similitud de sus resultados cuando se trabajan con
ciertos valores particulares de periodos de vibracin y amortiguamiento, y sus
discrepancias al utilizar otros valores singulares.
2. Se han podido observar los resultados errneos del mtodo de Newmark con
aceleracin constante, debido a que es un mtodo inestable cuando se
trabaja con periodos de vibracin bajos (estructuras muy rgidas).
3. Mediante la variacin de parmetros como el periodo de vibracin y el
amortiguamiento, se ha podido constatar la incidencia que stos parmetros
tienen, ante la respuesta dinmica del S1GDL, mostrando que entre ms
grande sea el amortiguamiento, los valores pico o respuestas mximas
disminuyen sin importar el periodo de vibracin, mientras que las respuestas
dinmicas varias de manera singular dependiendo del periodo natural con
que vibra el sistema.
4. A partir de 5 registros sismogrficos de un mismo sismo, se han logrado
obtener los espectros de respuesta de un S1GDL, teniendo en cuenta que
dichos elementos representan las respuestas mximas del sistema,
dependiendo de su periodo de vibracin.
37

Solución Numérica de Sistemas de Un Grado de Libertad

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DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERA CIVIL

Programa de Maestra en Ingeniera Ssmica y

Estudiantes: Jhordan Alejandro Bejarano

Maestra en Ingeniera Estructural

Jhordan Alejandro Bejarano

Maestra en Ingeniera Estructural

Jhordan Alejandro Bejarano

DESCRIPCIN DEL PROBLEMA................................................................... 4

DESARROLLO DEL PROBLEMA .................................................................. 6

Maestra en Ingeniera Estructural

Jhordan Alejandro Bejarano

Entender y diferenciar el comportamiento o respuesta ssmica de un S1GDL,

Repasar la ecuacin de equilibrio dinmico.

3. DESCRIPCIN DEL PROBLEMA

Maestra en Ingeniera Estructural

Jhordan Alejandro Bejarano

Maestra en Ingeniera Estructural

Jhordan Alejandro Bejarano

4. DESARROLLO DEL PROBLEMA

Desarrollo del punto 1

Maestra en Ingeniera Estructural

Jhordan Alejandro Bejarano

Maestra en Ingeniera Estructural

Jhordan Alejandro Bejarano

1.49715 16.15126 3.22901

Maestra en Ingeniera Estructural

Jhordan Alejandro Bejarano

Maestra en Ingeniera Estructural

Jhordan Alejandro Bejarano

Maestra en Ingeniera Estructural

Jhordan Alejandro Bejarano

Maestra en Ingeniera Estructural

Jhordan Alejandro Bejarano

Maestra en Ingeniera Estructural

Jhordan Alejandro Bejarano

Desarrollo del punto 2

Maestra en Ingeniera Estructural

Jhordan Alejandro Bejarano

Maestra en Ingeniera Estructural

Jhordan Alejandro Bejarano

-12.884 -49.201 -15.582

-4004.317 -0.266 -0.791 19.274

-3751.029 -0.249 1.119

-597.684 -0.040 1.078

-0.023 0.548 -26.461

-959.105 -0.064 -1.546 -25.733

-1501.192 -0.100 -2.057 -25.390

Maestra en Ingeniera Estructural

Jhordan Alejandro Bejarano

-0.315 25.651 -2143.827 -0.143 -2.041 27.013

Maestra en Ingeniera Estructural

Jhordan Alejandro Bejarano

-4.293233 16.837 -21.142

0.330 -0.751 -32.805

3.585 -108.798 -52.026 19.1015

0.015 -1.598 19.366

Maestra en Ingeniera Estructural

Jhordan Alejandro Bejarano

-0.064 -1.609 -19.620

-4.029 -90.259 -50.017 -20.3875 -1502.812 -0.100 -1.998 -19.304

-16.568 -33.041 -38.938 35.7698

-5045.074 -0.335 -0.281