Bullets: Communicable

Disease
By Jonas Marvin Anaque RM, RN
Epidemiology is defined as the study of the

occurrence and distribution of health

conditions such as as disease, death,
deformities or disabilities on human
populations
DRUG OF CHOICE

Tetanus: PEN G Na; DIAZEPAM (Valium)

Meningitis: MANNITOL (osmotic diuretic);

DEXAMETHASONE (anti-inflammatory);
DILANTIN/PHENYTOIN (anti-convulsive);
PYRETINOL/ENCEPHABO L (CNS stimulant)
Rabies Vaccines: LYSSAVAC, VERORAB PCEC

Purified chick embryo

Immunoglobulins: ERIG or HRIg (Passive)

lEPTospirosis Erythromycin, Pen G, Tetracycline

TB exposure Isoniazid
PTB 1 and PTB 3 Intensive phase ( 2 months RIPE )
Maintainance phase (4 months RI)
PTB 2 - Intensive phase ( 2 months RIPES ) & 1 month
RIPE
Maintainance phase (5 months RIE)

DIAGNOSTIC TEST

Tetanus: WOUND CULTURE

Meningitis: LUMBAR PUNCTURE

Encephalitis: EEG

Polio: EMG; Muscle testing

Rabies: Brain biopsy (Negri bodies) Fluorescent rabies

antibody test

Dengue: TOURNIQUET test (Rumpel lead)

Malaria: Malarial smear; QBC (Quantitative Buffy Coat)

Scarlet: DICK'S TEST; SCHULTZ-CHARLTON TEST

Diphtheria: SCHICK'S TEST; Moloney's Test

Pertussis: Nasal swab; agar plate

Tuberculosis: MANTOUX test

Leprosy: SLIT SKIN SMEAR

Pinworm: SCOTCH TAPE SWAB

Typhoid: WIDAL'S test

HIV/AIDS: ELISA; WESTERN BLOT; PCT: Polymerase

Chain Reaction Test
CAUSATIVE AGENTS

Tetanus: CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI (bacteria)

Meningococcemia: NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS

Rabies: RHABDOVIRUS

Poliomyelitis: LEGIO DEBILITANS (Type I Brunhilde);

(Type II Lansing); (Type III Leon)

Dengue Fever: ARBOVIRUSES (Chikunggunya);

(Onyong-nyong); (West Nile); (Flaviviruses) (Common in
the Phil.)

Malaria: PLASMODIUM (protozoa) P. Falciparum (most

fatal); P. Vivax P. Malariae; P. Ovale

Filariasis: WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI; BRUGIA

MALAYI

Leprosy: MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE

Measles: PARAMYXO VIRUS

German measles: TOGA VIRUS

Chicken pox: VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS

Herpes zoster: HERPES ZOSTER VIRUS

Scarlet fever: Group A HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS

(bacteria)

Scabies: SARCOPTES SCABIEI (itch mite)

Bubonic plague: YERSINIA PESTIS (bacteria)

Diphtheria: KLEBS LOEFFLER (bacteria)

Pertussis: BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS (bacteria)
Tuberculosis: MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
(bacteria)

Typhoid: SALMONELLA TYPHI

Cholera/Eltor: VIBRIO CHOLERA - most common in

rainy seasons

Amoebiasis: ENTAMOEBA HYSTOLITICA

Leptospirosis: LEPTOSPIRA Spirochete

Schistosomiasis: Schistosoma japonicum

Gonorrhea: N. GONORRHEAE

Syphilis: TREPONEMA PALLIDUM

Chlamydia: C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis

Genital herpes: HERPES SIMPLEX 2

Communicable Disease PHARMACOLOGY

Malaria: CHLOROQUINE

Schistosomiasis: PRAZIQUANTEL

Scabies: EURAX/ CROTAMITON

Chicken pox: ACYCLOVIR/ZOVIRAX

Tuberculosis: R.I.P.E.S.

Pneumonia: COTRIMOXAZOLE; Procaine Penicillin

Helminths: MEBENDAZOLE; PYRANTEL PAMOATE

Diseases with their pathognomonic signs and symptoms:
Amoebiasis - bloody mucoid stool.
Ascariasis - vomiting, passing out of worm.
Candidiasis - cheeselike discharge.
HPV- cauliflower like cells or condylomata
Trichomoniasis- frothy discharges or strawberry cervix
Vaginosis clue cells
Syphilis- painless ulcers or sores/ chancre
PID severe pelvic pain with flu like symptoms and foul
discharges
Moniliasis pruritus vulva or vaginitis and cheesy pathches
Gonorrhea- purulent yellow discharges
Chicken pox - vesiculopopular lesions.
Cholera - rice-watery stool.
Dengue/Hemorrhagic Fever - Hermans sign. It appears
on the upper andlower extremities, purplish or violaceous
red with blanched areas about 1 cm or less in size.
Diptheria - pseudomembrane, a localized inflammatory
process; Grayish-white,leathery consistency.
Enterobiasis - nocturnal itchiness
Filariasis - Elephantiasis.
German Measles/Rubella - Forscheimers spots, a mild
enanthem of petechiallesions.
Gonorrhea - thick purulent discharge.
Herpes Zoster - lesions follow peripheral nerve pathway.
Leptospirosis - orange eyes.Malaria - fever and chills.
Measles/Rubeola - Kopliks spots, little spots inside the
mouth. The spots look like a tiny grains of white sand, each
surrounded by a red ring. They are foundespecially on the
inside of the cheek (the buccal mucosa) opposite the 1st
and2nd upper molars.
Meningitis - nucchal rigidity.
Mumps - Parotitis- swollen parotid glands.
Pertussis - paroxysmal coughs ending with whoop.
Pneumonia - rusty sputum
Polio - flaccid paralysis, weakness or paralysis and reduced
muscle tone without other obvious cause (e.g., trauma).
Rabies - hydrophobia, a morbid fear of water. Because of
this name, manyp eople think that rabies makes one afraid
of water. In fact, this is not the case ( although rabies does
cause mental confusion of other kinds). The name
hydrophobia comes from the fact that animals and people
with rabies get spasms in their throat muscles that are so
painful that they cannot eat or drink,and so will refuse
water in spite of being very thirsty.
Scabies - weeping itch.
Scarlet Fever - raspberry tongue.
Syphilis - painless chancre or ulceration.
Tetanus - locked jaw or trismus.
Tuberculosis - initially ASYMPTOMATIC.
Typhoid Fever - 3 cardinal signs: ladderlike fever, rose
spots, spleenomegaly(enlargement of spleen beyond its

normal size)