Customer Training Material

L t
Lecture
1
Introduction to Reacting
g
Flow modeling

Combustion Modeling
using ANSYS FLUENT
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

L1-1

Release 13.0
December 2010

Advanced Combustion Modeling Course

Agenda

Customer Training Material

Time

Topic

8.30 - 9.00

Introduction to Reacting flow modeling

9.00 - 9.45

Species transport models

9.45 - 10.30

Hands-on exercise session

10.30 - 11.15

Non-premixed combustion models

11 15 - 12.00
11.15
12 00

H d
Hands-on
exercise
i session
i

12.00 - 1.00

Lunch break

1.00 - 1.45

Premixed combustion models

1.45 - 2.15

Hands-on exercise session

2.15 - 3.00

Discrete phase modeling

3.00
3
00 - 3
3.30
30

Hands-on
a ds o e
exercise
e c se sess
session
o

3.30 - 4.00

Surface chemistry and Pollutants modeling

4.00 - 4.30

Hands-on exercise session

4 30 - 5.00
4.30
5 00

B t
Best-practices
ti
/ wrap-up

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

L1-2

Release 13.0
December 2010

Advanced Combustion Modeling Course

Introduction to Reacting Flow Modeling

Customer Training Material

Outline

Introduction and examples

Features of FLUENT reacting flow models
Aspects of reaction modeling
Reacting flow models in FLUENT

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

L1-3

Release 13.0
December 2010

Advanced Combustion Modeling Course

Reacting Flow Modeling

Customer Training Material

Reacting flows
Furnaces, Boilers, IC engines,
Gas turbines, Rocket engines,
Cement kilns, Chemical vapor
deposition, etc.
Include homogeneous
g
as well as
heterogeneous reactions

Climate change &

Energy sustainability

Environment &
Emissions control

Biomedicine &
Biochemistry

Propulsion &
Engines

Micros & Nanos

Modeling interests
Predictions of flow field and mixing
characteristics
Temperature
T
t
field
fi ld
Species concentrations
Particulates and pollutants

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

L1-4

Fire & Fire protection

Release 13.0
December 2010

Advanced Combustion Modeling Course

Features of FLUENT Reacting Flow Models

Customer Training Material

Turbulence Reacting flows

Infinitely fast chemistry approximation
Models with single
g or two step
p chemistry
y
Equilibrium

Diffusion as well as premixed combustion models

Single phase as well as particle reactions
Liquid droplets
Combusting particles such as coal, biomass

Surface chemistry models

Detailed chemical kinetics for better accuracy
State of the art detailed chemistry models
Ability to handle stiff chemistry

Variety of radiation models

Pollutant
P ll t t models
d l
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

L1-5

Release 13.0
December 2010

Advanced Combustion Modeling Course

Features of FLUENT Reacting Flow Models (cont..)

Customer Training Material

Additional distinctive capabilities

Materials database
Robust and accurate solver
Solution-adaptive mesh refinement (conformal and hanging-node)
Industry-leading parallel performance
User-friendly
y GUI,, post-processing
p
p
g and reporting
p
g
Highly customizable through user defined functions
Zone-based definition of volumetric and surface reaction mechanisms
Reactions can be turned off/on in different fluid zones
Allow different reaction mechanisms in different fluid zones

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

L1-6

Release 13.0
December 2010

Advanced Combustion Modeling Course

Aspects of Reaction Modeling

Customer Training Material

Dispersed Phase Models

(Solid/liquid fuels)
Droplet/particle dynamics
Evaporation
Devolatilization
Heterogeneous reaction
Infinitely fast chemistry
Da >> 1
Governing Transport
Equations
Mass
Momentum (turbulence)
E
Energy
Chemical Species
Finite rate chemistry
Da ~ 1

Pollutant Models
NOx
SOx
Soot
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Reaction Models
- Eddy Dissipation model
- Premixed model
- Non-premixed model
- Partially premixed model

Reaction Models
- Laminar Flamelet model
- Laminar Finite rate model
- EDC
- Composition PDF

Radiative Heat
Transfer Models

L1-7

Release 13.0
December 2010

Advanced Combustion Modeling Course

Homogeneous Reaction Systems

Customer Training Material

Non-Premixed Combustion
Separate streams for Fuel and oxidizer
Convection or diffusion of reactants from
either side into a flame sheet
Turbulent eddies distort the laminar flame
shape and enhance mixing
May be simplified to a mixing problem

Fuel
Combustion chamber
Oxidizer

Premixed combustion
Fuel and oxidizer are already mixed at the
molecular level prior to ignition
Cold reactants propagate into hot products
Rate of propagation (flame speed) depends
on the internal flame structure
Much more difficult to model than nonpremixed combustion problems
Turbulence distorts the laminar flame shape
and thus accelerates flame propagation

Fuel + Oxidizer

Combustion chamber

Fuel + Oxidizer
Combustion chamber
Oxidizer OR Fuel

Partially premixed combustion

Reacting systems with both non-premixed
and premixed fuel/oxidizer streams
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

L1-8

Release 13.0
December 2010

Advanced Combustion Modeling Course

Difficulties in Modeling Reacting Flows

Customer Training Material

Turbulence
Most industrial flows are turbulent
DNS of non
non-reacting
reacting and reacting turbulent flows is not possible
because of the wide range of time and length scales

Chemistry
Realistic chemical mechanisms cannot be described by a single
reaction equation
Tens of species,
species hundreds of reactions
Known in detail for only a limited number of fuels

Stiff kinetics (wide range of reacting time scales)

Turbulence-chemistry interaction
The sensitivity of reaction rates to local changes is complicated by
enhanced mixing of turbulent flows
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

L1-9

Release 13.0
December 2010

Advanced Combustion Modeling Course

Reacting Flow Models in FLUENT-13

Customer Training Material

Flow Configuration
Premixed
Combustion

Non-Premixed
Combustion

Partially Premixed
Combustion

Eddy Dissipation Model (Species Transport)

Fast Chemistry

Premixed
C b ti M
Combustion
Model
d l

Che
emistry

Reaction Progress
Variable

Non-Premixed
o
e
ed
Equilibrium Model
Mixture Fraction

Partially Premixed
Model
Reaction Progress
Variable
+
Mixture Fraction

Laminar Finite-Rate Model

Eddy-Dissipation Concept (EDC) Model
Finite Rate Chemistry

Composition
C
iti PDF ttransportt Model
M d l
Laminar Flamelet model
(Steady/Unsteady)

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

L1-10

Release 13.0
December 2010

Advanced Combustion Modeling Course

Applications: Fast chemistry models

Customer Training Material

Combustible
Burnout Zone

Overfire air

NOx and
NOx Precursor
Reduction Zone

Natural gas/FGR

CO mass fraction

NOx Formation Zone

Wood Waste
and Sludge

Ash
h

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

L1-11

Undergrate air

Release 13.0
December 2010

Advanced Combustion Modeling Course

Applications: Finite rate chemistry models

Ignition & extinction
Non-equilibrium phenomena
Slow chemistry

Customer Training Material

Velocity
(m/s)

Reentry
y package

Velocity field experienced

by re-entry capsule

Flame Flashback

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

L1-12

Release 13.0
December 2010

Advanced Combustion Modeling Course

Customer Training Material

Mach number

Reynolds number
UL Inertial force
~
Re =

Viscous force
, U, L, are characteristic

Ma =

Mixture fraction model are valid at

Ma < 0.3 (incompressible)

density, velocity, length and

dynamic viscosity, respectively
e.g. Inlet conditions

Boltzman number

Turbulence models valid at high

Re

Bo =

Damkohler Number
D =
Da

L/U
k/
mixing time scale
~
~
ad / Rslow ad / Rslow chemical time scale

ad Adiabatic flame density

Rslow S
Slowest
o es reaction
eac o rate
aea
at

Tad

and stoichiometric concentrations

Gas phase turbulent combustion
models valid at high Da

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

U convection speed
~
acoustic speed
c

L1-13

( Uc pT )inlet

Tad4

convection heat flux

radiation heat flux

Stefan-Boltzman
Stefan Boltzman constant
(5.672 10-8 W/m2K4)
Assumes convection overwhelms
conduction
Radiation
R di i iis iimportant at B
Bo < 10

Release 13.0
December 2010