CONCRETE PAVEMENT CHARACTERISTIC AND BEHAVIOR

Slide no. 5
BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT that is exposed to loading and
environmental effect entirely depends upon

QUALITY OF CONCRETE

SUB GRADE

BASE COURSE

Slide no. 7
CONCRETE IS STRONG IN resisting COMPRESSION load BUT considerably WEAK
IN resisting TENSION tensile stresses.
Slide no. 8
Just like other materials
CONRETE ALSO EXPAND AND CONTRACT DUE TO TEMPERATURE CHANGES
It expands when wet and contracts when dried. After pouring, concrete shrinks
as the mortar hardens and the cement hydrates. Concrete pavement changes in
length with time of day for being exposed to different elements of weather
changes.
Slide no. 9
That is why CURL TENDENCY is very likely to occur DUE TO EFFECT OF DAILY
AND SEASONAL TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TOP AND
BOTTOM OF SLAB
Slide no. 10
CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN assumes the following considerations:
Slide no. 11
1.

THAT, THE PAVEMENT SLAB WAS DESIGN AS PLAIN CONCRETE BEAMS

Slide no. 12
2.
THAT, TRANSVERSE CRACKS ON THE CONCRETE PAVEMENT CANNOT BE
AVOIDED The designer however, presumes that pavement cracks could be
controlled by providing reinforcements to the slab joints with the following

ASSUMPTIONS:

A.
WITH REINFORCEMENT, CRACKS ON THE SLAB WILL BE CONFINED TO A
WEAKENED PLAIN JOINTS SPACED AT 4.50 TO 6 METERS DISTANCE
B.
VERTICAL OFFSETTING ACROSS THE NARROW CRACKS WILL BE PREVENTED
BY AGGREGATE
INTERLOCK, OR BY DOWEL BARS.
Many slab designers rely on aggregate interlock even though American Concrete
Institute (ACI) publications for many years have cautioned against this practice and
have recommended doweled joints when load transfer is required. ACI 302.1R-04
Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction states that Doweled construction
and contraction joints are recommended when load transfer is required ...
C.
WITH SIMPLY REINFORCED SLAB, CRACKS WILL ONLY APPEAR AT WEAKENED
PLANE JOINTS
SPACED AT 12 TO 20 METERS INTERVALS. HAIR CRACKS TO BE
HELD TIGHTLY BY STEEL BETWEEN JOINTS.
D.
WITH CONTINUOUS REINFORCEMENT, TRANSVERSE JOINTS ARE OMITTED.
HAIR CRACKS ARE CHECKED BY THE STEEL AND DEVELOPED AT CLOSE INTERVALS.
E.

FAULTING IS COUNTERED BY AGGREGATE INTERLOCK AND STEEL BARS.

Slide no. 18
3.
THAT LONGITUDINAL CRACKS ON THE PAVEMENT SLAB MORE THAN ONE
LANE WIDE IS INEVITABLE
Inevitable means hindi maiiwasan (unavoidable)
4.
PAVEMENT SLAB IS SUPPORTED BY FOUNDATION THAT
LOADED BUT RECOVER WHEN THE LOAD IS REMOVED

DEFLECTS WHEN

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Slide no. 20
DETERIORATION
DETERIORATION OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT IS DUE TO STRESS BROUGHT
ABOUT BY LOAD, MOISTURE AND TEMPERATURE.
Deterioration means pagkasira

Slide no. 21
DISTRESS OF CONCRETE Distress means risk or danger, is generally group into
the following categories.
A. DISTORTION
B. CRACKING
C. DISINTEGRATION

DEFINITION OF TERMS

DISTORTION means pagbaluktot

IS A VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT OF CONCRETE SLAB AT THE JOINTS OR
CRACKS. IT IS DUE TO FAILURE OR WEAKNESS OF CONCRETE JOINTS.
FAULTING
IS A CHANGE IN ELEVATION ACROSS A CRACK THAT CAN BECOME A TRIPPING
HAZARD
CAUSES ARE:
A. LOSS OF SLAB SUPPORT
B. EROSION OF SUB BASE
CRACKING
COULD BE THE RESULT FROM:
A. APLIED LOAD
B. TEMPERATURE
C. MOISTURE CHANGES

TRANSVERSE CRACKS

CORNER CRACKS

DISINTEGRATION
RESULT OF MIX DESIGN OR CONSTRUCTION RELATED PROBLEMS LIKE:
A. DURABILITY CRACKING
B. SCALING

C. SPALLING

DURABILITY CRACKING

SCALING

SPALLING

LONGITUDINAL SPALLING

TRANSVERSE SPALLING

Slide no. 31
CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE CONTENT create a slab curling, flexure
stresses and overall lengthening and shortening of slabs
SLAB SHORTEN DUE TO TEMPERATURE DROP OR DRYING THAT CREATE TENSILE
STRESSES
SLAB LENGTHEN DUE TO TEMPERATURE RISE OR INCREASED IN MOISTURE THAT
CREATES COMPRESSION STRESSES
TO AVOID PROBLEM:

COMPRESSION STRENGTH OF 4000 PSI

AIR ENTRAINING ADMIXTURE AMOUNT

564 LBS. OF CEMENT/YARD

WATER CEMENT RATIO OF 0.45 MAX

PLACING OR DEPOSITING CONCRETE

1. Placing of concrete between transverse joints without the use of intermediate
bulkheads. Necessary hand spreading shall be done with shovels not rakes.
Workers are not allowed to walk on.
2.

Where concrete is to be placed adjoining a previously constructed lane, and

mechanical equipment will be operated upon the existing lane, that previously
constructed lane must have attained the strength for 14 day concrete. If
finishing equipment is carried on the existing lane pavement adjoining lanes
may be permitted only after 3 days.

3. Vibrators should not be allowed to come in contact with a joint assembly, grade
or side form. In no case it be operated longer than 15 seconds in any one
location.

4. Concrete should be deposited as near as possible to the expansion and

contraction joints without disturbing them, but should not be dumped from the
discharge bucket or hopper into a joint assembly unless the hopper is well centered
on the joint assembly.