Marathi Primer

simplified from the text

“Learn Marathi in 30 Days” by Sanjay
(for learning spoken Marathi)

This book was simplified from Sanjay’s text by eliminating the use of
Devanagari script, thus hopefully saving many days of initial hard work,
and making the process of learning spoken Marathi considerably easier.

Part 1: Marathi speech sounds

A. Vowels: there are 6 important Marathi vowel sounds.
a/e a i u e o
a is pronounced as in "but" (terminal “uh” is written: e).
a is pronounced as in "pot".
i is pronounced as in "pit" (short), i as in "beet" (long).
u is pronounced as in "put" (short), u as in “boot" (long).
e is pronounced as in "bet" (or “bait”).
o is pronounced as in "boat".

Please notice several things:

1. Spelling consistency: It is important when learning, to always use the
same symbol to designate each significantly different sound. The italic
"a" vowel mustn’t be confused with the "a" vowel. The italic “e” vowel
on the end of some words; though generally pronounced (“uh”) like the
“a” vowel, may also (as in written Marathi) be pronounced “eh”.

2. The "i" vowel & the "u" vowel can be pronounced either long or short.
The correct choice (long vs short) isn’t critical, but for the student the
long vowels have been underlined to differentiate them here: i & u.
(Note that many underlinings got inadvertently dropped in this text)

3. There are 2 other vowels given separate letters in Marathi: the "i" in a
few Sanskrit loan-words like rishi, and the "æ" in a few English loan-
words like tæxi. It’s sufficient to simply mention these. Marathi also has
2 diphthongs (combinations of the vowels ai & au), pronounced in
sequence, somewhat merged together. Special symbol for nasalization: ~.
B. Consonants: these are best examined in a table.
_______________________________________________________
Voiceless Voiced Nasal
Unaspirated Aspirated Unaspirated Aspirated
1. Back k kh g gh n
2. Palatal ch chh j jh n
3. Retroflex t th d dh n
4. Dental t th d dh n
5. Labial p ph b bh m
Semivowels & combos: y r l w sh s h l ksh dny
Back: back of tongue against back of palate. Palatal: middle of tongue against palate.
Retroflex: tip of tongue against center of palate (it is flexed somewhat backwards).
Dental: tip of tongue against the teeth. Labial: the lips together. Voicing is produced
by vibration of the vocal cords. Aspiration is the production of an audible huff or
puff of air with the consonant (the h-sound).

Aside from the nasals and the row of semivowels & combos, there are
just 5 groups of consonants, which are subdivided mainly by tongue
placement. They each have different sounds according to whether they
are voiced or unvoiced, aspirated or unaspirated. Fortunately, most of
them resemble English, and need not be specially learned. An "h" is
added like a puff of air to the consonants in the "unaspirated" columns, to
form the consonants in the "aspirated" columns. Practice might be
required to pronounce aspirates correctly (eg, pronounce bhau by first
saying bahau, then deleting the a; the others can be treated similarly).
Retroflex vs. dental. The d's and t's in the dental row parallel similar
sounds in the retroflex row; they are differentiated from each other by the
placement of the tip of the tongue. At first it’s necessary to pay attention
to where you put the tip of your tongue when speaking "t" or "d", and
little by little your pronunciation will start to resemble that of Marathi
speakers. Actually hearing these differences will happen more slowly.
Cursive (or italic) script designates retroflex in this table, as opposed to
normal script designating dental (a simpler handritten way of indicating
retroflex is to put a dot under the retroflex letter).
Nasals. There’s a slightly different n-sound for every tongue position, but
we only deliberately distinguish retroflex n (cursive) from the other n's
(normal) in speaking. Retroflex n is spoken with the tongue in the
retroflex position; otherwise, the tongue just goes to its regular position.
Semivowels & combos. The y semivowel is pronounced ya at the end of
a word; the r is slightly trilled; pronounciation of the w sound is
somewhere between English w and v; the l semivowel is a retroflex, and
sounds Japanese (“so solly”). The two combo vowels ksh & dny sound
like their component letters, pronounced more or less simultaneously.
 Part 2: Some Start-up Vocabulary
Nouns (with gender):
aushadh: (N) medicine bæg: (F) bag bagula: (M) flanged pot
bai: (F) woman bashi: (F) saucer batli: (F) bottle
bhande: (N) cooking vessel bhint: (F) wall bichhana: (M) bedding
bred: (F) bread chadar: (F) bedsheet chaha: (M) tea
chappal: (F) sandals chhatri: (F) umbrella chitra: (N) picture
daba: (M) box, can darwaja: (M) door diwa: (M) lamp
dudhwala: (M) milkman dudh: (N) milk gadi: (F) car
ghadyal: (N) clock, watch glas: (M glass jamin: (F) floor
jewan: meal jhakan: (N) cover, lid kagad: (M) paper
kam: (N) work, job kap: (M) cup kapad: (N) cloth
kapat: (N) cupboard kapde: (M Pl) clothes khat: (F) cot, bed
khidki: (F) window khurchi: (F) chair manus: (M) man
naw: (N) name padda: (M) curtain paise: (M Pl) money
pakad: (F) pliers pani: (N) water pensil: (F) pencil
peti: (F) box pinjara: (M) cage (food) pishwi: (F) bag
pustak: (N) book saman: (N) luggage sandas: (M) toilet
tawa: (M) frying pan tebal: (N) table wati: (F) small bowl
Adjectives/Adverbs:
agodar: 1st (to begin with) aj: today ajun: still
ase/tase: like this/that ata: now changle: good
chhote: small dur: far ikde/tikde: this/that way
ithe/tithe: here/there jada: more, extra jast: more, too much
jawal: near kadhikadhi: sometimes kahi: some, any
kal: yesterday kami: less, too little kharab: bad, spoiled
khup: much/many lagech: immediately lawkar: quickly
mag: then mothe: large nantar: afterwards
nehmi: always punha: again roj: every day
sawkash: slowly thode: few udya: tomorrow
Conjunctions:
ani, an: and ki, kiwa, agar: or pan, parantu: but
mhanun: therefore nahitar: otherwise karan: because

Verb-stems (Imperative Singular Form*)

aik: hear, listen an: bring as (ho): be, exist
bagh: look, see band kar: shut bas: sit
bol: speak bolaw: call chadh: climb up
chal: start out chal: go, move dakhaw: show
de: give dhar: hold dhaw: run
dhu: wash ga: sing ghe: take
ho: become ja: go jhad: sweep
jhop: sleep kadh: take out kap: cut
kar: do kha: eat law: apply, turn on
lihi/lih**: write malaw: extinguish mar: beat, kill
mhan: say ne: take, carry nas: not-be, not-exist
pad: fall (down) pah (paha): see pakad: grab
pathaw: send pi: drink pus: wipe
rah (raha): stay sang: tell sod: leave, let go
thamb: stop, wait thew: put, keep uchal: lift, pick up
ughad: open utar: climb down uth: get up
wach: read wapar: use ye: come
* in parentheses if different from verb-stem ** final i dropped before a vowel
(1) The respectful/plural imperative is formed by adding -a to the verb-
stem; e.g., kar- + -a = kara; pi- + -a = pya; de- + -a = dya, dhu- + -a =
dhuwa; ja + -a = ja; ho + -a = hwa. (2) The common auxiliary ‘ahe’ (“is”)
is irregular, with only present and past tenses (given later); it can be
used by itself (bæg ithe ahe: ‘the bag is here’), or along with other verbs.
(2) The Request for Permission: this is formed by adding -u to the verb-
stem, followed by the yes/no particle ka. Note: the word “mi” is a
pronoun meaning “I”, and “amhi” is a pronoun meaning “we”. Examples:
mi jau ka? = may I go? amhi jau ka? = may we go?
mi kam karu ka? = may I work? amhi kam karu ka? = may we work?
Exercises
(a) Using the words in the first 3 sections and the verbs above, form as
many sentences as you can: Open the door = darwaja ughad/ughada
May I drink water? = mi pani piu ka? Come here = ikde ye/ya etc, etc
(b) Pick out pairs of opposites from adjective/abverb and verb listings.
(c) Demonstrative pronoun table (singular, then plural):
to, te (M) } ha, he (M) }
ti, tya (F) } that, those hi, hya (F) }!this, these
te, ti (N) } he, hi (N) }
These demonstrative pronouns can also be used as adjectives:
to (M) glas (M): the/that glass ha (M) glas (M): this glass
ti (F) bæg (F): the/that bag hi (F) bæg (F): this bag
te (N) kam (N): the/that job he (N) kam (N): this job
Note: Marathi has no indefinite article “a” (it is omitted in translating).
(a) Keeping the genders of the nouns & pronouns in mind, link every
noun you know to its proper demonstrative (to manus ‘the man’, etc).
(b) Note the correspondence with 3rd person pronouns (see below)

Pronouns
Singular Plural
1st mi I amhi we
2nd tu you (sing) tumhi you (plural)
3rd to he or that (M) te they or those (M)
ti she or that (F) tya they or those (F)
te it or that (N) ti they or those (N)

Some Classified Vocabulary

Days of the Week
athawda: (M) week
Rawiwar: Sunday Somwar: Monday Mangalwar: Tuesday
Budhwar: Wednesday Guruwar: Thursday Shukrawar: Friday
Shaniwar: Saturday kal: yesterday aj: today
udya: tomorrow parwa: day after tomorrow/before yesterday
diwas: (M) day diwas + i = diwashi “in/on the day”
Similarly, Rawiwari (“on Sunday”), Somwari (“on Monday”), etc.
Time
wel, kal (M)
sekand: (M) second minit: (N) minute tas: (M) hour
pahat: (F) dawn sakal: (F) morning dupar: (F) afternoon
madhyaratra: (F) midnight sandhyakal: (F) evening ratra: (F) night
bara wajle: “it’s 12:00” Similarly: ek wajle, don wajle, tin wajle, etc
sade bara wajle “it’s 12:30” wajta: at the hour of bara wajta: at 12:00
Similarly: ek wajta, don wajta, tin wajta, etc
Note: sakal + i = sakali “in the morning”; similarly we have:
dupari (in the afternoon), sandhyakali (in the evening), ratri, etc.

Directions
disha (F)

uttar: (F) north dakshin: (F) south purwa: (F) east

pashchim: (F) west war: up, above, on khali: down, below
baju: (F) side ujwi baju: right side dawi baju: left side
samor: in front pudhe: ahead mage: behind
madhe: inside, within at: in, inside baher: out, outside
jawal: near dur: far kade: to, toward, at

Household
gharache bhag (M Pl)

bangla: (M) bungalow ghar: (N) house jhopdi: (F) hut

kholi: (F) room darwaja: (M) door khidki: (F) window
bhint: (F) wall chhat: (N) ceiling sandas: (M) lavatory
snangrih: (N) bathroom tebal: (N) table khurchi: (F) chair
bichhana: (M) bedding ghadyal: (N) clock kapat: (N) cupboard
mori: (F) washing space jhadu: (M) broom khat: (F) cot, bed
saipakghar: (N) kitchen bhande: (N) vessel pali: (F) ladle
tat: (N) plate kap: (M) cup chamcha: (M) spoon
suri: (F) knife kata: (M) fork shegdi: (F) stove

Relatives
natewaik (M/F Pl)

ai, mata: mother kaka: paternal uncle kaki: paternal aunt

wadil, pita: father mama: maternal uncle mami: maternal aunt
atya: father’s sister bhau: brother bahin: sister
thorle: elder dhakte: younger pati, nawra: husband
mulgi: daughter, girl mulga: son, boy patni, bayko: wife
awiwahit: unmarried purush: man stri: woman
shri: Mister (Mr.) shrimati: Mrs. kumari: Miss
sasra: father-in-law sasu: mother-in-law jawai: son-in-law
sun: daughter-in-law mehuni: sister-in-law mehuna: bro’-in-law
kutumb: (N) family nate: (N) relation parke: strange, other

Town
nagar (N)

shahar: (N) city gaw: (N) village rasta: (M) street, road marg:
(M) way, road sinema: (M) cinema bajar: (M) market
laj, hotel*: (N) lodge, hotel wimantal: (M) airport
upahargrih, hotel: (N) restaurant natakgrih: (N) theatre
myujhiyam: (M) museum vidyapith: (N) university
granthalay: (N) library pranisangrahalay: (N) zoo
*Taxi, Railway Station, Police Station, Telephone, Magistrate, Bus Stop,
and many such words are found without much alteration in Marathi.

Numbers (sankhya, F Pl):

(1/4) paw, (1/2) ardha, (3/4) paun, (1) ek, (2) don, (3) tin, (4) char,
(5) pach, (6) saha, (7) sat, (8) ath, (9) nau, (10) daha, (11) akra, (12) bara,
(13) tera, (14) chauda, (15) pandhra, (16) sola, (17) satra, (18) athra,
(19) ekonis, (20) wis, (21) ekwis, (22) bawis, (23) tewis, (24) chowis,
(25) panchwis,(30) tis, (40) chalis, (50) pannas, (60) sath, (70) sattar,
(80) ainshi, (90) nawwad, (100) shambhar or ekshe, (101) ekshe ek,
(200) donshe, (300) tinshe, (1000) ek hajar, (100,000) ek lakh,
(10,000,000) ek koti; Ordinal numbers: (1st) pahile, (2nd) dusre,
(3rd) tisre, (4th) chauthe, (5th) panchwe, (6th) sahawe, (7th) satwe, etc
Measures
mape (N Pl)
map: (N) measure lambi: (F) length rundi: (F) breadth
unchi: (F) height wajan: (N) weight mitar: (M) meter
kilogram: kilo (M) litar: (M) litre kami: less, too little
jast: more, too much barobar: correct chukiche: incorrect

Colors
rang (M Pl)
pandhre: white kale: black karde: grey
lal, tambde: red narangi: orange piwle: yellow
hirwe: green nile: blue jambhle: violet
bhure, tapkiri: brown rangit: colored mishre: mixed
khaki: yellow-brown color phikat: pale gadad: deep, dark
-sar: -ish (eg, kalsar: blackish; nilsar: bluish; piwlasar: yellowish; etc)
News
warta (F), samachar (M)
writtpatra: (N) newspaper
teliwhijan/tiwhi: (M) TV
post aphis: (N) post office
pakit: (M) envelope
chiththi: (F) note (paper)
mahiti: (F) information
dainik: daily masik: monthly
redio: (M) radio phon: (M) telephone
patta: (M) address tikit: (N) stamp
kard: (N) card kagad: (M) paper
patra: (N) letter batmi: (F) news item
nirop: (M) message uttar: (N) reply

Rocks & Minerals

pashan (M Pl) ani khanije (N Pl)
murum: (M) soft stone mati: (F) earth dagad: (M) stone
walu: (F) sand sone: (N) gold chandi: (F) silver
tambe: (N) copper pital: (N) brass lokhand: (N) iron
polad: (N) steel kolsa: (M) coal hira: (M) diamond

Flowers & Vegetation

phule (N Pl) ani wanaspati (F)
gawat: (N) grass jhudap: (N) bush jhad: (N) tree
bambu: (M) bamboo babhul: (F) acacia sag: (M) teak
gulab: (M) rosebush, rose niwdung: (M) cactus kamal: (N)lotus
suryaphul: (N) sunflower jhendu: (M) marigold jai: (F) jasmine
boganwel: (F) bougainvillea pan: (N) leaf kata: (M) thorn

Insects & Vermin

kitak (M Pl) ani krimi (N Pl)
mungi: (F) ant walwi: (F) termite mashi: (F) housefly
gandhilmashi: (F) wasp madhmashi: (F) bee jhural: (N) cockroach
phulpakhru: (N) butterfly patang: (M) moth koli: (M) spider
machchhar: (M) mosquito gom: (F) centipede winchu: (M) scorpion
sap (nag): (M) snake (cobra) gandul: (N) worm pal: (F) lizard (gecko)

Fish & Birds

mase (M Pl) ani pakshi (M Pl)
paplisht: (M) pomfret khekda (M) crab beduk: (M) frog
kawla: (M) crow kokila: (F) cuckoo kabutar: (N) pigeon
chimni: (F) sparrow kombda: (M) cock kombdi: (F) hen
saras: (M) crane mor: (M) peacock popat: (M) parrot
ghubad: (N) owl badak: (N) duck garud: (M) eagle

Beasts pashu (M Pl)

makad: (M) monkey kutra: (M) dog manjar: (N) cat
undir: (M) rat, mouse gay/gai: (F) cow mhais: (F) buffalo
bail: (M) bullock mendhi: (F) sheep bokad: (M) goat
ghoda: (M) horse gadhaw: (N) donkey sasa: (M) rabbit
simha: (M) lion wagh: (M) tiger hatti: (M) elephant

Articles of Food
khanyache padarth (M Pl)
nashta: (M) breakfast jewan: (N) meal upas: (M) fasting
khichdi: (F) rice-dal mix koshimbir: (F) salad bhaji: (F) cooked veg.
dudh: (N) milk tak: (N) buttermilk dahi: (N) curd
makhan: (N) butter tup: (N) ghee tel: (N) cooking oil.
matan: (N) mutton, meat masa: (M) fish ande: (N) egg
tandul: (M) uncooked rice bhat: (M) cooked rice maka: (M) corn
jwari: (F) sorghum, millet gahu: (M) wheat dal: (F) split pulse
shengdana: (M) peanut til: (M) sesame seed jira: (M) cumin seed
mirchi: (F) chili pepper lonche: (N) pickle chatni: (F) chutney
kali miri: (F) black pepper masala: (M) spice naryal: (M) cocoanut
sakhar: (F) sugar mith: (N) salt garam: warm, hot thande: cold
tikhat: hot, spicy god: sweet kharat: salty ambat: sour kadu: bitter

Fruits and Vegetables

phale (N Pl) ani bhajya (F Pl)
alambe: (N) mushroom bhendi: (F) okra gawar: (F) vetch
bhopla: (M) red gourd watana: (M) pea wal: (M) bean
karale: (N) bitter gourd kanda: (M) onion kakdi: (F) cucumber
dudhi: (M) green gourd wange: (N) eggplant tamato: (M) tomato
phulkobi: (F) cauliflower kobi: (F) cabbage batata: (M) potato
ratale: (N) sweet potato gajar: (N) carrot mula: (M) radish
bit: (M) beet lasun: (F) garlic ardrak: (M) ginger anjir: (M) fig
sitaphal: (N) custard apple amba: (M) mango kele: (N) banana
kalingad: (N) watermelon draksh: (N) grape manuk: (F) raisin
dalimb: (N) pomegranate peru: (M) guava chinch: (F) tamarind
sapharchand: (N) apple mosambi: (F) orange limbu: (N) lemon
kharbuj: (N) cantaloupe santre: (N) tangerine khajur: (M) date

Parts of the Body

sharirache bhag (M Pl)
ang: (N) body doke: (N) head chehara: (M) face
dola: (M) eye kan: (M) ear nak: (N) nose
tond: (N) mouth jibh: (F) tongue dat: (M) tooth
oth: (M) lip man: (F) neck chhati: (F) chest
pot: (N) stomach path: (F) back kambar: (F) waist hat: (M)
hand, arm pay: (M) foot, leg bot: (N) finger, toe
kes: (M Pl) hair nakh: (N) nail katdi: (F) skin
Feelings
bhawna (F Pl)
anand: (M) joy anandi: joyous rag: (F) anger
ragit: angry sukh: (N) pleasure sukhi: happy
duhakh: (N) sorrow duhakhi: sad chid: (F) irritability
chidke: irritable prem: (N) love premal: loving
dwesh: (M) hatred dweshi: hateful matsar: (M) jealousy
matsari: jealous lobh: (M) greed lobhi: greedy
daya: (F) pity dayalu: kind bhiti: (F) fear
bhitre: cowardly asha: (F) hope ashadayak: hopeful
shanka: (F) doubt sashank: doubtful maitri: (F) friendship
maitripurn: friendly hasya: (N) laugh radne: (N) crying
maph kara: excuse me! sari: sorry! thenkyu: thanks!

Seasons & Weather

ritu (M Pl) ani hawaman (N)
pawsala: (M) monsoon unhala: (M) summer hiwala: (M) winter
un: (N) sun heat & glare sawali: (F) shade hawa: (F) air
thandi: (F) cold weather garmi: (F) hot weather wara: (N) wind
dhuke: (N) mist, fog dhag: (M) cloud wadal: (N) storm
meghgarjna: (F) thunder wij: (F) lightning paus: (M) rain
musaldhar: downpouring jhimjhim: drizzling barph: (M) ice, snow

Work
kam (N)
malak: (M) owner, employer kamgar: (M) laborer nokar: (M) servant
mænejar: (M) manager shipai: (M) office peon klark: (M) clerk
nokri: (F) job, employment karkhana: (M) factory aphis (N): office
dukan: (N) store, shop pagar (M): salary suti: (F) time off

Professions
dhande (M Pl)
shetkari: (M) farmer sutar: (M) carpenter saipakin: (F) cook
dhobi: (M) washerman shimpi: (M) tailor nhawi: (M) barber
waidya: (M) doctor wakil: (M) lawyer wani: (M) grocer

Education
shikshan (N)
widyarthi: (M) student shala: (F) school kalej: (N) college
pradhyapak: (M) professor shikshak: (M) teacher warg: (M) class
abhyas: (M) study pariksha: (F) exam suti: (F) vacation
Part 3: Formation of Sentences
Some Colloquial Expressions

kripa karun, Please, “do a favor and”

pani an. Bring water.
he kam kar. Do this work.
he kapde dhu. Wash these clothes.
hi bhandi thew. Keep these vessels.
ikde ye. Come over here.
tikde ja. Go over there.
diwa law. Put on the light.
diwa malaw (band kar). Put out the light.
phale kha. Eat the fruits.
ghari ja. Go home.
jara thamb. Please wait (or stop).
kiti wajle? What is the time?
pach wajle. It is 5 o’clock.
kay pahije? What do you want?
kon pahije? Whom do you want?
lawkar uth. Get up early (or quickly).
nokar pathaw. Send the servant.
daba ughad. Open the can.
pani ukal. Boil the water.
dudh tapaw. Heat the milk.
ha kutra paha. See this dog.
majhe mhanne aik. Listen to what I say.
udya lawkar ye. Come early tomorrow.
ushir karu nako. Do not be late.
char wajta ye. Come at 4 o’clock.
hi kholi jhad. Sweep this room.
bhaji wikat an. Buy and bring some vegetables.
mi ghari rahin. I shall stay at home.
chitra sundar ahe. The picture is beautiful.
gadit saman thew. Keep the luggage in the car.
at jau nako. Do not go in.
khali basu nako. Do not sit down.
war pahu nako. Do not look up.
tula kay pahije? What do you want?
tumhi kuthe jata? Where are you going?
tumhi kewha jal? When will you go?
konala sodhat ahat? Whom are you looking for?
konasathi thambla ahat? Whom are you waiting for?
kiti ambe deu? How many mangoes shall I give?
gharache bhade kiti?
steshan kuthe ahe?
sinemala jau ya.
kal tu ka ala nahis?
mala ek kholi pahije.
amhala don kholya pahijet.
amhala ek nokar pahije,
bhandi ghasayla,
kapde dhuwayla.
What is the rent of the house?
Where is the station?
Let us go to a cinema.
Why didn’t you come yesterday?
I want a room.
We want two rooms.
We want a servant,
to wash (scrub) the vessels,
(and) to wash the clothes.

My House
majhe ghar (N)

majhe ghar jawal ahe. My house is near.

gharat pach kholya ahet. There are 5 rooms in the house.
pratyek kholila don darwaje ahet, To each room there are 2 doors,
ani ek kiwa don khidkya ahet. and 1 or 2 windows.
saipakgharat ek wijechi ani ek gæschi shegdi ahe.
There is one electric and one gas stove in the kitchen.
majhi ai jewan karte. My mother does the cooking (makes meals).
majhi tai jewan wadhte. My sister serves the meal.
amcha nokar bhandi ghasto, Our servant washes the vessels,
ani kapde dhuto. and washes the clothes.
mala don bhau ani ek bahin ahe. I have 2 brothers and 1 sister.
majha dhakta bhau shalet jato. My younger brother goes to school.
majha motha bhau ani mothi bahin kalejat jatat.
My elder brother and sister go to college.

In the Market
bajarat (M)
grahak: hya ambyãcha bhaw kay?
Purchaser: What is the price of these mangoes?
wikreta: tin rupaye dajhan, saheb.
Salesman: Three rupees a dozen, sir.
grahak: don rupaye bhawane denar ka?
Purchaser: Will you give at the rate of 2 rupees?
wikreta: nahi saheb, bhaw ekach.
Salesman: No sir, the rate is fixed (there’s a single rate).
grahak: bare tar, ardha dajhan de pahu.
Purchaser: Okay then, please let me have half a dozen.
wikreta: he ghya, saheb. Salesman: Here, take them, sir.
grahak: ha ghe rupaya. Purchaser: Here, take this rupee.
At the Grocer’s
wanyakade

grahak: mala kahi jinnas hawe ahet.

Purchaser: I need some grocery items.
wani: konte jinnas hawet?
Grocer: What items do you need?
grahak: don kilo sakhar, ardha kilo watane,
Purchaser: Two kilos sugar, one-half kilo peas,
paw kilo mith ani ek litar khobrel.
one-fourth kilo salt and 1 litre cocoanut oil.
wani (thodya welane): he ghya jinnas.
Grocer (after some time): Here, take these items.
grahak: kiti paise dyayche?
Purchaser: How much do I have to pay?
wani: ath rupaye sath paise.
Grocer: Eight rupees and sixty paise.
grahak: hi ghya daha rupayachi not.
Purchaser: Here is a ten-rupee note.
wani: hi ghya baki, ek rupaya chalis paise.
Grocer: Here is the change, one rupee forty paise.
To the Coffee House
Kaphi Hausla
A Bombayite invites his/her American friend to eat out.
B: mi kaphi hausla jato/jate. chal majhyabarobar.
I’m going to the Coffee House. Come along with me
A: yeto/yete ki! ek minit thamb, I’m coming! Wait a minute,
mi paise gheun yeto/yete. I’ll get some money and come.
In the Coffee House the waiter brings the menu and they look it over.
A: tu kay ghenar (ahes)? What are you going to have?
B: mi idli sambar ghenar ahe. I’m going to have idli sambar.
ani kaphi, ithe kaphi phar chhan milte.
And coffee, you get very good coffee here.
A: mi kay gheu? tu sang. What shall I have? You say.
B: uttappa changla milto, ani pepar masala dosa. aj tu dosa ghe.
You get good uttapa, and paper masala dosa. Today, have a dosa.
The waiter returns to take their order.
W: kay pahije tumhala? What would you like?
M: ek pepar masala dosa, ek idli sambar ani don kaphi.
One paper masala dosa, one idli sambar and two coffees.
ani ek bislerichi batlihi dya. And give (us) a bottle of Bisleri.
W: kaphi atta deu ka? Shall I give the coffee right now?
B: nako, nantar dya. No, give it later.
The waiter brings the bill.
A: kiti paise jhale? How much did it come to?
B: sath rupaye, pan mi deto/dete. Sixty rupees, but I’ll pay it.
A: nako, majhe ti rupaye ghe ki! No, take my thirty rupees!
B: che, che, hya weli mi deto/dete. Not at all, this time I’m paying.
The American looks at the green seeds given along with the bill.
A: he kay ahe? What is this?
B: hi badishep-- mhanje ænis. chhan lagte, khaun bagh.
It’s badishep-- that is, anise. It tastes good, try (eat) it and see.
Train-journey
aggadicha prawas
At the Ticket-office
prawasi: bara tarikheche mumbai-pune rijharweshan pahije.
Travellor: I want a reservation for Bombay-Poona for the 12th.
klark: kontya gadiche? kontya wargache?
Clerk: Of what train? Which class?
prawasi: dekkan ekspresche sekand klas e-si madhe.
Travellor: Of the Deccan express, in air-conditioned 2nd class.
klark: milu shaktil. kiti pahijet.
Clerk: They’d be available. How many do you want?
prawasi: ekach. he paise.
Traveller: Just one. Here’s the money.
klark: he tikit, hi baki.
Clerk: Here’s the ticket, and here’s the change.
On the Railway Platform
utaru 1: aho, gadi kewha yeil?
Passenger 1: Say, when will the train arrive?
utaru 2: sumare daha minitani.
Passenger 2: In about ten minutes.
utaru 1: kiti wel thambel, thauk ahe ka?
Passenger 1: How long will it wait, do you know?
utaru 2: phakta pach minite thambel ithe.
Passenger 2: It will stop here for five minutes only.
utaru 1: dhanyawad.
Passenger 1: Thanks.
At the Destination
utaru 1: e hamal! ikde ye. he saman, bol kay gheshil?
Pass. 1: Hey porter! Come here. Say, how much’ll this luggage take?
hamal: don rupaye dya, saheb.
Porter: Give two rupees, sir.
utaru 1: chhe, chhe, don rupaye phar jhale.
Passenger 1: No, no, two rupees is too much.
ek rupaya dein, hyapeksha jast nahi. I will give 1 rupee only, no more.
At Jimmy Lodge
jimi lajmadhe
prawasi: rahnyachi soy ata milte ka?
Travellor: Is lodging accomodation available now?
mænejar: ho ahe ki; kiti jan ahat?
Manager: Yes indeed; how many are you?
prawasi: kewal mi ani majhi patni. Travellor: Me and my wife only.
mænejar: tar tumhi bara nambarchi kholi ghya.
Manager: Then take room No. 12.
prawasi: kholi kashi ahe? Travellor: How is the room?
mænejar: tithe don palang ahet, jodun snangrih ahe.
Manager: There are 2 beds, with attached bathroom.
prawasi: kay padel? Travellor: What’ll it come to?
mænejar: manashi saha rupaye diwasala.
Manager: Six rupees per head per day.
prawasi: thik ahe. Travellor: All right.
mænejar: are, hyanche saman nambar barat gheun ja.
Manager: Hey, take their luggage to no. 12.

Fourth Part: Grammar

Interrogatives
kon: who koni: (by) whom konala: to/for whom
kewha, kadhi: when kuthe: where kuthun: from where
ka, kashala: why kay: what kiti: how many/much kase:
how konta (M), konti (F), konte (N): which
kasache: what kind of konacha (M), konachi (F), konache (N): whose
Gender

There are three genders in Marathi-- masculine (M), feminine (F), and
neuter (N). Words which denote males are masculine, and words which
denote females are feminine. Among the other words denoting inanimate
objects, most of those words coming from Sanskrit have the same gender
as they do in Sanskrit. Of the other Marathi words:--
(1) words ending in -e are neuter;
(2) words ending in -i (or -i) are feminine;
(3) for words ending in a non-vowel, -a, or -u (-u),
there is no fixed rule to determine their gender.

Examples: surya (“sun”) is masculine, as in Sanskrit.

kele (“banana”) ends in -e, therefore neuter.
mali (“gardener”) is a male, therefore masculine.
bai (“woman”) is a female, therefore feminine.
chawi (“key”) ends in -i, therefore feminine.
Number (Singular & Plural)
Formation of the Plural
Here are some rules:
(1) Masculine nouns ending in -a have plural ending -e:
raja (king); raje (kings) kutra (male dog); kutre (male dogs)
Other masculine nouns have the same form in singular & plural.
(2) Feminine nouns ending in -i have plural ending -ya:
nadi (river); nadya (rivers) kathi (stick); kathya (sticks)
(3) Feminine nouns ending in non-vowels have plural ending -a or -i:
bag (garden); baga (gardens) bhint (wall); bhinti (walls)
Other feminine nouns have the same form in singular & plural.
(4) Neuter nouns ending in -e have plural ending -i:
ande (egg); andi (eggs) kele (banana); keli (bananas)
(5) Neuter nouns ending in non-vowels (or -u) have plural ending -e:
shet (farm); shete (farms) limbu (lime), limbe (limes)

Postpositions:
Postpositions are relational words similar to English prepositions, except
that they follow rather than precede the word modified. Postpositions and
other suffixes are attached to the oblique form of nouns (see below).
Some of the postpositions below can also be used alone as adverbs.
-un/-tun/pasun: from -t/-at: in -hun/-peksha: (more) than
-khali: below, down -war: on, above -samor: before (in front of)
-mage: behind -baher: outside -pudhe: before, ahead of
-jawal: near, with -dur: far. -barobar/-shi: with
-la/-kade: to, at -sathi: for -madhe: in, within
-madhun: from within, through -warun: from on/above, over

Postpositions & Other Suffixes

Case Meaning Suffixes: Singular Plural

1. Nominative ----------- ------- -----
2. Accus./Dative “to”/”for” -la (-s*) -na
3. Instrumental “by, with” -ne -ni
“with” -shi -shi
4. Postpositive “from, on, in, etc” -un, -war, -t, etc
5. Possessive “of” -cha,-chi,-che -che,-chya,-chi
6. Locative “in”/”at” -i -----
7. Vocative “hey” ** -no
*uncommon **bare oblique (see below)

Oblique form: before taking postpositions & other suffixes, nouns

undergo an oblique change* in their final vowel (or an addition to the
non-vowel), as shown below: *but there’s no change before the locative)
Nouns ending in: (non-vowel) -a -i -u -e
Masculine -a (men) -a -i -u ---
(others) -ya
Feminine -i (sing) -e -i -u ---
(plur) -a -ya
Neuter -a --- -i -a -ya

Declension of a Noun
The Neuter noun ghar (“house”) when singular becomes ghara before
adding a suffix; plural ghare (“houses”) becomes gharã.* This oblique
form (see above) may be usable if the gender of the noun is unknown:
*tilde (indicating nasalization) is added before oblique to indicate noun’s plurality
Singular Plural
1. Nominative ghar ghare
2. Accus./Dative gharala gharãna
3. Instrumental gharane gharãni
4. Postpositive gharatun, -war, etc gharãtun, -war, etc
5. Possessive gharacha,-chi,-che (M,F,N) gharãche,-chya,-chi
6. Locative ghari ------

Declension of Pronouns
1st person 2nd person 3rd person
Case Sing Plural Sing Plural Sing Plural
1. Nominative mi amhi tu tumhi to (M) he te (M) }
I we you you ti (F) she tya (F) }they
te (N) it ti (N) }
2. Accus./Dative mala amhala tula tumhala tyala (M)
to/for me to/for us to/for you to/for you tila (F) tyana
tyala (N) to/for them
to/for him,her,it
3. Instrumental mi amhi tu tumhi tyane (M)
by me by us by you by you tine (F) tyani
tyane (N) by them
by him,her,it
4. Postpositive majhya-t amchya-t tujhya-t tumchya-t tyachya-t (M)
in me in us in you in you tichya-t (F) tyanchya-t
tyachya-t (N) in them
(t = postposition: -t “in”, -war “on”, etc) in him,her,it

5. Possessive* majhe amche tujhe tumche tyache (M)

my our your your tiche (F) tyanche
tyache (N) their
his,hers,its
*Endings are given for possessives of neuter sing. objects; the full endings for majhe:
[Sing] majha (M), majhi (F), majhe (N); [Plur] majhe (M), majhya (F), majhi (N).
Use of the Possessive

(1) Example of masculine noun: ghoda (horse):

(a) Noun in singular (b) Noun in plural

majha ghoda (my horse) majhe ghode (my horses)
tujha ghoda (your horse) tujhe ghode (your horses)
tyacha ghoda (his horse) tyache ghode (his horses)
ticha ghoda (her horse) tiche ghode (her horses)
tumcha ghoda (your horse) tumche ghode (your horses)
tyancha ghoda (their horse) tyanche ghode (their horses)
ramcha ghoda (Ram’s horse) ramche ghode (Ram’s horses)

(2) Example of feminine noun: kathi (stick):

(a) Noun in singular (b) Noun in plural

majhi kathi (my stick)
tujhi kathi (your stick)
tyachi kathi (his stick)
tichi kathi (her stick)
tumchi kathi (your stick)
tyanchi kathi (their stick)
ramchi kathi (Ram’s stick)
majhya kathya (my sticks)
tujhya kathya (your sticks)
tyachya kathya (his sticks)
tichya kathya (her sticks)
tumchya kathya (your sticks)
tyanchya kathya (their sticks)
ramchya kathya (Ram’s sticks)

(3) Example of neuter noun: pustak (book):

(a) Noun in singular (b) Noun in plural

majhe pustak (my book)
tujhe pustak (your book)
tyache pustak (his book)
tiche pustak (her book)
tumche pustak (your book)
tyanche pustak (their book)
minache pustak (Mina’s book)
majhi pustake (my books)
tujhi pustake (your books)
tyachi pustake (his books)
tichi pustake (her books)
tumchi pustake (your books)
tyanchi pustake (their books)
minachi pustake (Mina’s books)

Exercise

(1) Add Possessives & Postpositions to each of these nouns:

kam (N) “work” diwa (M) “lamp” mali (M) “gardener”
jay (M) “victory” peti (F) “box” shala (F) school
ardar (F) “order” shet (N) “farm” aushadh (N) medicine
(2) Add Possessives & Postpositions to the plurals of the same nouns.
Adjectives

The adjectives in Marathi can be classified into two groups:--

(1) those whose neuter singular form ends in -e:
e.g., changle (good), piwle (yellow), etc.
(2) those whose neuter singular form does not end in -e:
e.g., sundar (beautiful), lahan (young), etc.

The adjectives of the first group are “variable”: they agree in gender and
number with the nouns they modify. The variable endings are as below:
Singular Plural
changla ghoda (M) changle ghode (M)
changli kathi (F) changlya kathya (F)
changle pustak (N) changli pustake (N)
The adjectives of the 2nd group are “invariable”: they do not change.
Example: sundar ghoda (M), sundar kathi (F), sundar pustak (N), etc.
Some More Adjectives:
alshi: lazy anandi: happy barik: thin, small
butke: short chhan: nice chhote: small
duhakhi: sad garam: warm, hot ghan: dirty, filthy
god: sweet hushar: clever jad: thick, fat
lahan: small, young lamb: long mothe: big/great, elder
pahile: first patal: thin (liquid) premal: loving
pramanik: honest rund: broad saral: straight
shuddh: pure swachchh: clean taje: fresh
thande: cold thode: small amount udyogi: industrious
unch: tall wait: bad wakde: crooked, bent
Exercise

Use the adjectives given above, and nouns from the previously given
vocabulary lists, to translate the following expressions:

A good dog; elder brother; a small boy; a clever girl; an honest servant; a
sweet song (gane); a tall man; dirty clothes; tall trees; cold water; hot
milk; crooked road; thick books; the bad men (plural of manus: manase);
great men; fresh flowers; pure air; straight roads; clever servants.

Adjectives and Nouns (cont’d)

When a noun is in a case other than the nominative, the variable
adjectives and possessive pronouns modifying it take the suffix ‘-ya’;
invariable adjectives remain unchanged. See examples:
 pustak (a book) pustakat (in a book)
majhe pustak (my book) majhya pustakat (in my book)
changle pustak (a good book) changlya pustakat (in a good book)
majhe marathiche pustak (my Marathi book)
majhya marathichya pustakat (in my book of Marathi)
But the invariable adjectives ‘jad’ and ‘lamb’ don’t change:
jad pustakat tya lamb tebalawar (in a fat book on that long table)

Exercise
Translate the following expressions into Marathi:
For this good dog; by my elder brother; to that small boy; to those tall
men; in dirty clothes; on the tall trees; in cold water; on a crooked road;
in thick books; to bad men; from bad men; to great men; by great men; in
pure air; on a straight road; by a clever servant; by clever servants.

Use of the Suffix: -wala

(1) To denote ownership or possession:
gharwala: house-owner gadiwala: car-owner paisewala: rich man
(2) To denote a ‘seller’ of some merchandise:
kelewala: banana seller phalwala: fruit vender dudhwala: milkman

Verbs and Tenses

Two kinds of verbs can be distinguished: Transitive verbs take an object
(the verbal action is done on something); intransitive verbs do not.

Present Tense
The conjugation for verb-stem kar 'do' (transitive) in present tense:
1s mi karto (karte)* ‘I do’ 1pl amhi karto ‘we do’
2s tu kartos (kartes)* ‘you do’ 2pl tumhi karta ‘you do’
3s (M) to karto ‘he does’ 3pl (M) te kartat }
(F) ti karte ‘she does’ (F) tya kartat }!‘they do’
(N) te karte ‘it does’ (N) ti kartat }
*in parentheses: feminine forms

The conjugation for ho ‘become’ (intransitive) has the same endings:

1s mi hoto (hote)* ‘I become’ 1pl amhi hoto ‘we become’
2s tuhotos (hotes)* ‘you become’ 2pl tumhi hota ‘you become’
3s (M) to hoto ‘he becomes’ 3pl(M) te hotat }
(F) ti hote ‘she becomes’ (F) tya hotat }!‘they
(N) te hote ‘it becomes’ (N) ti hotat } become’
*in parentheses: feminine forms
Other verbs are conjugated as above: e.g., ja- (go), ye- (come), etc, etc.

The following is the irregular auxiliary ‘ahe’:--

1s mi ahe ‘I am’ 1pl amhi ahot ‘we are’,
2s tu ahes ‘you are’ 2pl tumhi ahat ‘you are’
3s (M) to ahe ‘he is’ 3pl (M) te ahet }
(F) ti ahe ‘she is’ (F) tya ahet }!‘they are’
(N) te ahe ‘it is’ (N) ti ahet }

Past Tense
Intransitive Verbs
1s mi baslo (basle)* I sat
2s tu baslas (baslis) you sat
3s to basla,ti basli,te basle he,she,it sat
1pl amhi baslo we sat
2pl tumhi basla you sat
3pl te basle,tya baslya,ti basli they sat
*in parentheses: feminine forms

Transitive Verbs

In past tense, transitive verbs use the passive voice (“it was done by me”):
accordingly, the subject is in the instrumental -ne case, and the verb
agrees in gender and number with its object (adjective endings).

Masc. Fem. Neut. ‘He gave me ...

tyane mala ek amba dila
tyane mala ek gadi dili
tyane mala ek bhande dile
tyane mala don ambe dile
tyane mala don gadya dilya
tyane mala don bhandi dili
Another example:
tyane (tine) amba ghetla.
tyane (tine) saykal ghetli.
tyane (tine) pustak ghetle
tyane (tine) ambe ghetle.
tyane (tine) saykali ghetlya.
tyane (tine) pustake ghetli
... a mango’
... a car’
... a vessel’
... 2 mangos’
... 2 cars’
... 2 vessels’
‘He (she) took the mango.’
‘He (she) took the bicycle.’
‘He (she) took the book.’
‘He (she) took the mangoes.’
‘He (she) took the bicycles.’
‘He (she) took the books.’
Irregular Verbs
A number of verbs are said to be “irregular” because the past tense
endings are added to a different stem (compare English: go & went):
bagh- (baghit-); bhi- (bhyay-); de- (di-); dhu- (dhut-), ghal- (ghat-); ghe-
(ghet-); ho- (jha-); ja- (ge-); kar- (ke-); kha- (khal-); mag- (magit-); mar-
(me-); mhan- (mhana-); mil- (mila-); nigh- (nigha-); pah- (pahi-); pal-
(pala-); pi- (pyay-); poh- (poho-); rah- (rahi-); sang- (sangit-); ud- (uda-);
wah- (wahi-); ye- (a-).
But the endings are the same as given previously (e.g, past tense of ho-):
1s mi jhalo (jhale)* ‘I became’
2s tu jhalas (jhalis) ‘you became’
3s to jhala, ti jhali, te jhale ‘he, she, it became’
1pl amhi jhalo ‘we became’
2pl tumhi jhala ‘you became’
3pl te jhale, tya jhalya, ti jhali ‘they became’
*in parentheses: feminine forms
Compare the past tense of the irregular auxiliary ‘ahe’; this is not to be
confused with the present tense of ho- ‘become’ (it has the same stem):
1s mi hoto (hote)* ‘I was’
2s tu hotas (hotis) ‘you were’
3s to hota, ti hoti, te hote ‘he, she, it was’
1pl amhi hoto ‘we were’
2pl tumhi hota ‘you were’
3pl te hote, tya hotya, ti hoti ‘they were’
*in parentheses: feminine forms

Future Tense
Endings after a vowel (or vowel plus -h), and with most transitive verbs:
1s mi jain ‘I will go’
2s tu jashil ‘you will go’
3s to, ti, te jail ‘he, she, it will go’
1pl amhi jau ‘we will go’
2pl tumhi jal ‘you will go’
3pl te, tya, ti jatil ‘they will go’

With some verbs, 1st & 3rd person Sing. endings contain e instead of i;
the example below is the future of as- (the regular form of ‘be’), which
can also be used like ahe or hot- as an auxiliary:
1s mi asen ‘I shall be (there)’
2s tu asashil ‘you will be (there)’
3s to, ti, te asel ‘he, she, it will be (there)’
 1pl amhi asu ‘we will be (there)’
2pl tumhi asal ‘you will be (there)’
3pl te, tya, ti astil ‘they will be (there)’

Continuous, Perfect & Prospective Tenses

(1) The present participle is obtained by adding -t (or -at/-it*) to the stem:
ja- à jat (going); dhaw- à dhawat (running); kar-à karit (doing), etc.
*the -it ending is optional with some verbs
The present participle is used to form the continuous tenses:
e.g., mi jat ahe. ‘I am going.’
to dhawat hota. ‘He was running.’
te kam karat/karit astil. ‘They will be doing work.’

(2) Perfect tenses: By adding ahe, hot-, or as- (the present, past, or future
auxiliary) to a sentence in the simple past, one can obtain the present
perfect, the past perfect, and the future perfect, respectively.

mi te gane aikle ahe. ‘I’ve heard that song.’

ti mala dillila bhetli hoti. ‘She’d met me in Delhi.’
to mumbaila gela asel. ‘He’ll have gone to Bombay.’

(3) Prospective: By adding suffix -nar to the verb-stem, a type of future

tense is obtained, indicating verbal action which is “going to” take place;
an auxiliary (ahe, hot-, or as-) is used, as in the previous section.
to aj janar ahe. ‘He is going to go today.’
to aj janar hota. ‘He was going to go today.’
to aj janar asel. ‘He will be going to go today.’

Verbal Derivatives

(1) The verbal nominitive (‘infinitive’): By adding the suffix -ne to the
verb-stem--
e.g., kar- à karne; de- à dene; bol- à bolne; thew- à thewne; etc.
we obtain a word meaning: ‘to do or doing the verbal action.’ The verb is
essentially changed into a neuter singular noun (the usual dictionary
citation form). Thus:
phar bolne changle nahi. ‘To talk a lot isn’t good.’
mi tyache bolne aikle. ‘I listened to his talking.’

(2) The verbal accusative: By adding the suffix -ayla to the verb-stem--
e.g., kar- à karayla; de- à dyayla; bol- à bolayla, etc.
we obtain a word meaning: ‘for doing’ or ‘to (in order to) do’ the verbal
action (thus complementing another verb or noun etc). Thus:
karayla: ‘for doing’, ‘in order to do’; dyayla: ‘for giving’, ‘in order to
give’
khayla: ‘for eating’, ‘in order to eat’; jhopayla: ‘for sleeping’, ‘to sleep’
kam karayla ye. ‘Come (in order) to do work.’
tyala kahi dyayla pahije. ‘I want to give him something.’
tyala jewan khayla de.‘Give him a meal to eat.’
jhopayla ja. ‘Go to sleep.’

(3) The verbal possessive. By adding suffix -nyache (adjective endings

agree with the object in gender & number) to the verb-stem--
e.g., kar- à karnyacha,-chi,-che (M,F,N) de- à denyacha,-chi,-che
we obtain a word meaning ‘of doing the verbal action.’ Thus:
tyala kam karnyachi awad (F) ahe ‘He has a liking of doing work.’

Note: ‘-ayche’ in section 7 below can be substituted for -nyache, with the
same meaning; this differs from its meaning (“needful”) in that section.

tyala kam karaychi awad (F) ahe ‘He has a liking of doing work.’

(4) Sequential conjunction: By adding suffix -un to the verb-stem--

e.g., kar- à karun, de- à deun, ghe- à gheun, bol- à bolun, etc.
we obtain a word meaning: ‘after doing the action denoted by the verb’
(the sequence may be one of cause-effect: kripa karun ‘do a favor & …’),
thereby con-joining two clauses having the same subject. Thus:
gheun ye: ‘take & come (fetch)’; gheun ja: ‘take & go (take away)’, etc.
mi majhe kam karun alo. ‘After doing my work, I came.’

(5) Simultaneous conjunction: By adding suffix -tana to the verb-stem--

e.g., kar- à kartana; de- à detana; bol- àboltana, etc.
we obtain a word meaning: ‘while doing the action of the verb.’ Thus:
to khatana wachto. ‘He reads while eating.’
ti dhawtana padli. ‘While running, she fell down.’
(6) Combining suffix: By adding -u to a verb-stem--
e.g., kar- à karu; de- à deu; bol- à bolu, thew-à thewu, etc.
this can become the first verb in certain double-verb idioms: karu de (‘let
or allow to do’), karu lag- (‘begin to do’), karu shak- (‘be able to do’).
tyala karu de. ‘Let him do it.’
te radu lagle. ‘They began to weep.’
tujhe tond band karu shaktos ka? ‘Can you shut your mouth?’
To form the “inclusive” imperative: add -u to the verb-stem plus the
imperative ya:
te karu ya ‘let’s do it’; tyachyakade jau ya ‘let’s go to his place’, etc.

(7) The “needful” -ayche. By adding suffix -ayche (the ending agrees
with the object if any) to the verb-stem:
e.g., kar- à karayche, etc; de- à dyayche, etc.
We obtain a word meaning ‘wants or needs to be done’ or ‘is to be done’.
This is often used when asking or telling/describing what’s to be done.
This can also act like a simple prospective (conveying strong intention).
Kay karayche? What’s to be done?
Ithe thambayche ka? Am I to wait here?
Mi kam karayche. I have to (need to) work.
Mi kamala jayche. I have to go to work.
Ti aj yaychi She’s (definitely) coming today.

(8) The Desiderative (“should”): By adding suffix -awe to the verb-stem--

e.g., kar- à karawe; de- à dyawe; thew- à thewawe, etc.
We obtain a word meaning: ‘should do the verbal action’ (expressive of
mild obligation). The form of the subject and the agreement of the ending
follow the same rules as the perfect tense previously studied:
karawe: ‘should do’ dyawe: ‘should give’
sangawe: ‘should tell’ dhawawe: ‘should run’
mi kay karawe, kuthe jawe? ‘What should I do, where should I go?’
tyane jiw wachawayla palawe’ ‘He should run in order to save his life.’

(9) Strong Desiderative (“must”): To indicate necessity, the word ‘pahije’

follows the verb in past tense (particle -ch is added whenever greater
emphasis is needed). Also note: the subject noun is put in accusative -la
form, as is the usual case with the irregular verb ‘pahije’ (see next page).
mi jato. ‘I go.’ mala gelech pahije. ‘I must go.’
tu kam kartos. ‘You work.’ tula kam kelech pahije. ‘You must work.’
to thambto. ‘He waits.’ tyala thamblech pahije. ‘He must wait.’
Expressions of Possession
There are several ways to express possession. We’ve seen the use of the
possessive pronoun: ‘ti majhi billi ahe’ (“she’s my cat”), ‘tiche naw kay?’
(“what’s her name?”). Extrinsic possession (of objects) employs post-
positions -jawal, -kade, or -pashi: ‘majhyakade ek manjar ahe’ (“I have
a cat”). Intrinsic possession (relations or attributes) employs the accus-
ative case in reverse position: ‘tyala sola nakhe ahet’ (“it has 16 claws”).

Pahije & Nako and Other “Reversed” Verbs

There is a group of verbs, many dealing with desire, feeling, or
perception, which usually have regular subjects in English, but in the
corresponding Marathi sentence the desire, feeling, etc, is “happening to”
the subject (in the accusative case); and the verb endings agree with the
object if any (in the nominative case). These verbs are labelled “R”
(subject-object “reversed”) in the dictionary, and include awad, dis, lag,
mil, samaj, sapad, and wat (tumhala samajte ka? ‘do you understand?’).
Pahije and nako (respectful plural form: naka) are uniquely invariable (no
endings required). Mala aiskrim pahije means “I want ice cream”; the
negative of this is mala aiskrim nako, “I don’t want ice cream”.
mala aiskrim awadte ‘I like ice cream’ (lit: 'ice cream is pleasing to me')
sakali mala bhuk/tahan lagte. ‘In the morning I am hungry/thirsty.’
tumhala te paise kuthe sapadle? ‘Where’d you find the money?’
majhya bhawala bare watat nahi. ‘My brother doesn't feel well.’
tumhala to kasa disto? ‘How does he appear to you?’

Sentences: positive / negative

(1) Present tense: to obtain the negative form of a statement in simple

present, substitute the present participle (stem + -t/-at) and add nahi.
to jato ‘He goes.’ to jat nahi ‘He doesn’t go.’
to dhawto ‘He runs.’ to dhawat nahi ‘He doesn’t run.’

(2) Past tense: to obtain the negative of the simple past, add nahi to the
positive expression.
to gela. ‘He went.’ to gela nahi. ‘He didn’t go.’
to dhawla. ‘He ran.’ to dhawla nahi. ‘He didn’t run.’

(3) Future tense: to obtain the negative of the simple future, substitute the
prospective (stem + -nar) and add nahi.
to yeil. ‘He will come.’ to yenar nahi. ‘He won’t come.’
to karel. ‘He will do.’ to karnar nahi. ‘He won’t do.’
(4) Imperative: to obtain the negative of the imperative, add suffix -u to
the verb-stem, plus an appropriate form of nako (“don’t”).
tu ja. ‘You go.’ tu jau nako. ‘Don’t go.’
tumhi ja. ‘You (Pl) go.’ tumhi jau naka. ‘Don’t go.’
tu wach. ‘You read.’ tu wachu nako. ‘Don’t read.’
tumhi wacha. ‘You (Pl) read.’ tumhi wachu naka. ‘Don’t read.’
(5) Desiderative: to obtain the negative of the desiderative, add suffix -u
to the verb-stem, plus naye (“shouldn’t”).
tu jawe: ‘You should go.’ tu jau naye: ‘You shouldn’t go.’
tumhi jawe: ‘You should go.’ tumhi jau naye: ‘You shouldn’t go.’

(6) Negative auxiliaries: the negatives of ahe, hot-, and as-:

1s mi nahi ‘I am not’ 1pl amhi nahi ‘we aren’t’
2s tu nahis ‘you aren’t’ 2pl tumhi nahi ‘you aren’t’
3s to nahi ‘he isn’t’ 3pl te nahit ‘they aren’t’

The negative of hot- (the past auxiliary: “was”) is formed by adding neg.
prefix na- (medial -o- à -w-), so ‘hoto’ à ‘nahwto’, ‘hote’ à ‘nahwte’,
etc.
The negative of as- (the future auxiliary: “will be”) is similarly formed
by adding neg. prefix na, so that ‘asen’ à ‘nasen’, ‘asel’ à ‘nasel’, etc.

Use of Apan
The pronoun apan has two meanings. It may mean: (1) We (including the
speaker), or (2) You (the honorific form, used for special respect). The
honorific form may not be employed, but it should be recognized.
Its cases are: (1) Nominative: apan; (2) Accus./Dative: aplyala; (3).
Instrumental: apan; (4) Postpositive: aplya-postposition; (5) Possessive:
(Sing) apla (M), apli (F), aple (N), (Plural) aple (M), aplya (F), apli (N).
apan kuthe jata? ‘Where are you going?’
apan ghari jau ya. ‘Let’s go home.’
aplyala kuthe jayla pahije? ‘Where are we/you wanting to go?’
apla kutra chhan ahe. ‘Our/your dog is nice.’
aple naw kay? ‘What is your name?’
aplya chhatrya kuthe ahet? ‘Where are our umbrellas?’
Fifth Part: Exercises
Exercise 1
Rule 1: In the active voice, when the object of a verb is animate it is
usually in the accusative case, and when inanimate it is in the nominative
case: (mi tumhala sangto “I tell you’; mi kam karto “I work”).
Translate into Marathi (and in all exercises following)--
I go. We eat. He speaks. She runs. Boys (mulge) laugh. Girls (muli)
sing. See the moon. Bring water. Bring your dog. Hold my hand. May
I come here? Where may I go? I read a book. We hear a sound. He
washes his hands. She gives him a mango. He beats her. He sends a
servant. What do you see? What do you want? What is this? What does
he want?

Exercise 2

Eat this mango. Drink this milk. Read that book. You sing well
(changle). They (M) tell me. They (F) give me books. They (M) go to
Bombay. They (F) bring fruit. Rama shows me a picture. My friends
are here. This is my friend Suresh. Where is Sita? Where is your house?
Where is the nearest station?

Exercise 1: Answers

mi jato/jate. amhi khato. to bolto. ti dhawte. mulge hastat. muli gatat.

chandra paha. pani an. tumcha/tujha kutra an. majha hat dhar. mi
ikde yeu ka? mi kuthe jau? mi pustak wachto. amhi awaj aikto. to hat
dhuto. ti tyala amba dete. to tila marto. to nokarala pathawto. tu kay
pahtos/pahtes? tula kay pahije? he kay ahe? tyala kay pahije?

Exercise 3

Rule 2: In order to form the past tense intransitive verbs are used in the
active voice (subject in nominative case; verbs agree with subject), and
transitive verbs are used in the passive voice (subject in instru-mental
case; verbs agree with object).

I went to Bombay. We came to Madras. He spoke the truth. She stayed

in this house. What did you do? They (M) ran fast. He killed a tiger.
We opened the door. He caught the thief. They looked down. They
gave back the money.
Exercise 2: Answers

ha amba kha. he dudh pi. he pustak wach. tu changle gatos/gates. te

mala sangtat. tya mala pustake detat. te mumbaila jatat. tya phale antat.
rama mala chitra dakhawto. majhe mitra ithe ahet. ha majha mitra
suresh. sita kuthe ahe? tujhe ghar kuthe ahe? jawalche steshan kuthe
ahe?
Exercise 4

I discussed with Kamal. Do not talk with him. He cuts a mango. I cut a
mango with a knife. He came with me to my house. We discussed
politics for an hour. He killed the enemy with his sword. Come with me.
Go with him to the market. She killed a tiger with her rifle. He killed a
fly. I heard the story with my own ears. We came by plane. He went by
his car. He went 30 miles on bicycle.

Exercise 3: Answers

mi mumbaila gelo. amhi madrasla alo. to khare bolla. ti hya gharat

rahili. tu (tumhi) kay keles (kele)? Te jorane dhawle. tyane wagh marla.
amhi darwaja ughadla. tyane chor pakadla. tyani khali pahile. tyani
paise parat kele/dile.

Exercise 5

This is my book. In my book there are nice stories. All (people) gathered
at his house. His bicycle does not have brakes. His bicycle is new. Our
car is old. We went for a picnic in our car. Our house has many
windows. Their house is small. The back side of their house is in front
of our house. Where is my pencil? What is his telephone number?
These are my books. What is your address?

Exercise 4: Answers

mi kamalbarobar charcha keli. tyachyashi bolu nako. to amba kapto.

mi surine amba kapto. to majhyabarobar majhya ghari ala. amhi ek tas
rajkaranawar charcha keli. tyane talwarine shatrula thar kele (marle).
majhyabarobar chal. tyachyabarobar bajarat ja. tine bandukine wagh
marla. tyane mashi marli. mi hi gosht majhya kanãni aikli. amhi
wimanane alo. to tyachya motarine gela. to saykalne tis mail gela.
Exercise 6

He is in his room. We climbed up that tree. We hid behind a wall. He

bought three horses. These rivers are in India. You have made many
mistakes. The prison walls are high. He has two bicycles. Rama is taller
than I. But I am more intelligent than him. Your umbrella is heavier than
my umbrella. Suresh is older than Ajay. Our school is near our house.

Exercise 5: Answers
he pustak majhe ahe. majhya pustakat chhan goshti ahet. sarwa jan
tyachya ghari jamle. tyachya saykalla brek nahit. tyachi saykal nawi
ahe. amchi motar juni ahe. amchya motaritun amhi piknikla
(wanbhojanala) gelo. amchya gharala anek khidkya ahet. tyanche ghar
lahan ahe. tyanchya gharachi magchi baju amchya gharasamor yete.
majhi pensil kuthe ahe? tyacha teliphon nambar kay ahe? hi majhi
pustake ahet. tujha patta kay ahe?
Exercise 7
To err is human. Help me to clean the house. His reading has improved.
Tell him to run faster. Show us how to climb a mountain. What do you
wish to read? I have come to return your book. He has gone to the
market to bring some fruit. Stop crying. I wish to learn Marathi. I wish
to sing. He likes to play.
Exercise 6: Answers
to tyachya kholit ahe. amhi tya jhadawar chadhlo. amhi bhintimage
laplo. tyane tin ghode wikat ghetle. hya nadya bharatat ahet. tumhi
anek chuka kelya ahet. turungachya bhinti unch ahet. tyachyajawal don
saykali ahet. rama majhyahun unch ahe. parantu mi tyachya-peksha
buddhiman ahe. tujhi chhatri majhya chhatrihun jad ahe. surekh
ajayhun motha ahe. amchi shala amchya gharatun jawal ahe.
Exercise 8
Note: Paired conjunctions are used in various relative constructions: jar
- tar (‘if - then’); jari - tari (though - still); jewha - tewha (‘when - then’);
jitke - titke (‘as many’ - that many’)..
What are you doing? I am reading a novel. Where are they going? They
are going for a walk. He was climbing a tree. We were looking through
a window. If you come at 4:00 (then) we (you & I) shall go for a walk.
Though she’s become old (still) she works hard. When I saw him, (then)
he was fishing. Eat as many bananas as you wish.
Exercise 7: Answers
chuk karne ha manushya swabhaw ahe. mala ghar saph karayla madat
kar (kara). tyache wachne (wachan) sudharle ahe. tyala adhik jorane
(jalad) dhawayla sang (sanga). parwat kasa chadhaycha te amhala
dakhawa. tula kay wachnyachi ichchha ahe? mi tujhe pustak parat
karayla alo ahe. to kahi phale anayla (anyasathi) bajarat gela ahe. radne
band kar. mala marathi bhasha shikaychi ahe. mala ganyachi ichchha
ahe. tyala khelayla awadte.

Exercise 9

Note: the subordinating conjunction (kar + -un = karun: “after doing”) is

used when one action follows another (awaj aikun to khidkikade dhawla
‘hearing the noise he ran to the window’; kam karun to ghari gela ‘he did
his work and went home’).
Jumping over the wall the thief ran away. Close the door and come here.
He played cricket, then went home. Open the door and see who is there.
Climbing up a tree he looked towards the east. He should go by this road.
What should I do? Please (i.e.: “Do a favor and”) sit here.

Exercise 8: Answers
tu (tumhi) kay karat ahes (ahat)? mi ek kadambri wachat ahe. te kuthe
jat ahet? te phirayla jat ahet. to jhadawar chadhat hota. amhi
khidkimadhun baghat hoto. jar tu char wajta alas tar apan phirayla jau.
jari ti mhatari jhali ahe tari ti khup kam karte. jewha mi tyala pahile
tewha to mase marat hota. tula jitki keli khayla pahije titki kha.

Exercise 10

If he gives me his book I’ll return it next day. My mother was in Bombay,
therefore we went there. Because you’re my friend, you are dear to me.
Let him work. Let him come in. We began to sing. He'll be able to
come tomorrow. After doing our studies let’s go to a cinema. My
bicycle has a puncture in the front wheel. I went to meet my brother. I
have come to meet my brother.

Exercise 9: Answers

bhintiwarun udi marun chor palun gela. darwaja band karun ikde ye.
kriket khelun to ghari gela. darwaja ughadun tithe (baher) kon ahe paha.
jhadawar chadhun tyane purwela pahile. tyane hya rastyane jawe. mi
kay karawe? kripa karun ithe basa.
Exercise 10: Answers

jar tyane mala tyache pustak dile tar mi te dusrya diwashi parat karin.
majhi ai mumbaila hoti mhanun amhi tikde gelo. tu majha mitra ahes
mhanun mala priy ahes. tyala kam karu de. tyala at yeu de. amhi gau
laglo. to udya yeu shakel. apla abhyas karun sinema jau ya. majhya
saykalchya pudhchya chakat pankchar ahe. mi majhya bhawala bhetayla
gelo. mi majhya bhawala bhetayla alo ahe.

Moti Shodhnara Panbudya

The Pearl-Diver
a Discourse by Meher Baba

“Jewha mi premi banlo, tewha dhyeyrupi moti mala milala ase watle.
When I became a lover then the Goal-form pearl was obtained so I felt
Pan mala murkhala tyaweli he mahit nahwte ki, ha moti sagarachya
But to me, a fool, at that time it wasn’t known that this pearl the sea’s
agdi talashi asto ani to milawnyasathi sagarachya asankhya latãna
very bottom is at and for obtaining it the sea’s countless waves
tond det tyãna bajula sarit atishay kholat budi marun tyacha thang
facing pushing them aside to extreme depth after diving its bottom
ghyawa lagto.” --Haphij
have to attain -Hafiz

Suruwatila satyacha shodh karnara manushya tya

In the beginning the Truth-seeking man (the)
manasapramane asto, to ek amulya moti samudrachya
is like (the) man he a priceless pearl of the Ocean
talashi ahe he aikun samudrachya kinaryawar jato ani
at the bottom is after hearing this on the seashore goes and
pratham samudrachya aphatpanache kautuk karto ani
at first the Ocean’s vastness admires and
nantar samudrachya uthal panyat udi gheun, tithech
later of the Ocean in the shallow water takes a leap right there
hat-pay marit rahun manala ulhasit karnarya hya mastit
stays thrashing arms & legs delighting in mind in this intoxication
mung houn moti milawaycha ahe, he wisarun jato.
becoming absorbed of obtaining the pearl this completely forgets
Je ase kartat tya anek lokãtun ekhadyala kahi kala-
Those who do this out of the many people someone some time
nantar aplya dhyeyache smaran hote ani nantar to
later of his goal is reminded and afterwards he
pohne shikto ani pohayla suruwat karto.
learns swimming and starts to swim
Je pohne suru kartat asha anekãtun ekhada pohnyat
Those who begin to swim out of so many someone in swimming
parangat hoto ani khulya sagarat pohochto ani bakiche
becomes proficient and reaches the open sea and the remaining
lok latatach nahise hotat.
people disappear in the waves
Je pohnyat parangat hotat asha anekãtun ekhada
Those who become proficient in swimming out of so many some
koni samudrat budi marayla suruwat karto ani bakiche
someone to dive in the Ocean begins and the rest
pohnyat prawin jhalyachya anandat magna houn
in swimming in the joy of having become expert becoming absorbed
moti milawaycha he wisarun jatat.
of obtaining the pearl they completely forget
Je budi marnyacha abhyas kartat asha anekãtun
Those who of diving make a study out of so many
koni ekhada talashi pohochto ani to moti hastgat karto.
some someone reaches the bottom and he gets the pearl in hand
Moti milawnarya anekãpaiki ekhadach moti gheun
Someone from among the many pearl-obtainers after getting the pearl
pohat war yeto ani bakiche tya motyakade ashcharyane
comes swimming upward and the rest at the pearl in wonderment
pahat tya talalalach chikatun rahtat.
gazing remain stuck at the very bottom
Moti gheun parat war yenarya anekãpaiki
After getting the pearl from among the many returners upward
ekhadach samudrachya kinaryawar parat yeto.
someone to the seashore comes back
Ha mhanje Sadguru (Kutub) asto ani to apla moti
He that is the Sadguru (Qutub) is and He His pearl
dusryãna dakhawto.-- samudrat budi marnare, pohnare,
shows to others-- in the ocean the divers swimmers
bhumiwar payi chalnare ani asha prakare tyãna
the ground-walkers (waders) and in this manner them
tyãnchya prayalat utsahit karto. Parantu hya Sadgurula
in their exertions encourages But to the Sadguru
ichchha jhali tar dusryala pohnyachi wa budi marnyachi
(if) desired then to another of swimming and diving
widya na shiktahi tya motyacha adhikari banawu shakto.
knowledge without even learning He can make a pearl-possessor
Parantu Ishwar-purush athwa Awatar ha Sadgurûcha
But the Godman or Avatar He of Sadgurus
Sadguru asto; ani to ichchhepramane watel titkya
Sadguru is and He as many as He desires
lokãna moti deu shakto. Sadguru (Kutub) purntya purn
people (to) can give the pearl The Sadguru (Qutub) perfectly Perfect
asto pan lokãna madat karnyachya babatit tyache
is but in respect of helping people His
karyakshetra swathachya sthanamule maryadit aste.
sphere of action due to His own position is limited
Awatarachya karyakshetrala kontich maryada naste ani
To the Avatar’s sphere of action there is no limit whatsoever and
tyachi shakti wa shaktiche parinam amaryadit astat.
His power and the effect of His power are unlimited
Sadguruche purn purnatwa Awatarasarkhech saman
The Sadguru’s perfect Perfection just the same as the Avatar’s
aste. Pan karyakshetrachya drishtine tyãchyat pharak
is But from the perspective of sphere of action a difference between them
asto; Sadguruche karyakshetra maryadit tar Awatarache
is (If) the Sadguru’s sphere of action is limited then the Avatar’s
amaryadit aste.
is unlimited

The Pearl Diver

“When I became a lover I thought I had gained the Pearl of the Goal;
foolish I did not know that this Pearl lies on the floor of an ocean which
has innumerable waves to be encountered and great depths to be
sounded”
--Hafiz

In the beginning the seeker of Truth is like a man who, having heard
that a priceless pearl is to be got from the depths of the ocean, goes down
to the sea-shore and first admires the vastness of the ocean and then
paddles and splashes about in the shallows and, intoxicated with this new
excitement, forgets about the pearl.
Out of many who do this, one after a while, remembers his quest and
learns to swim and starts to swim out.
 Out of many who do this, one masters swimming and reaches the open
sea; the others perish in the waves.
Out of many who master swimming, one begins to dive; the others in
their enjoyment of mastery, again forget about the pearl.
Out of many who practise diving, one reaches the ocean bed and
grasps the pearl.
Out of many who get hold of the pearl, one swims back up to the
surface with it, the others stay stuck on the floor gazing with wonder at
the pearl.
Out of many who swim up to the surface, one returns to the shore.
This one is the Perfect Master (Qutub) and He shows His pearl to the
others -- the divers, the swimmers, the paddlers, and so encourages them
in their efforts. But He can if He wishes cause another to become the
possessor of the pearl without that one having to learn swimming and
diving.
But God-Man or Avatar is the Master of Masters, and can give
possession of the Pearl to any number he likes. The Qutub is perfect
Perfection, but is circumscribed by His office in regard to His help to
men. The Avatar is beyond limits of function. His power and the effects
of His power are boundless. The absolute Perfection of the Perfect Master
is the same as the God-Man’s. The difference between them is the scope
of their functioning. One is limited, the other is unlimited.

Glossary
-a: (prefix) negative.
-abhyas: (M) study.
-abhyas karne: to study.
-adhikari: (M) officer, person in charge; owner (“possessor”).
-agdi: quite, very, completely, wholly.
-aikne: (T) to hear; to listen, attend (and obey).
-amaryadit: unlimited.
-amol: invaluable (-amulya ‘invaluable, priceless’).
-anand: (M) happiness, joy (anandat ‘in happiness, happily’).
-anek: many.
-ani: and.
-aphat: vast, huge.
-aphatpana: (M) vastness.
-aple: our (inclusive); “one’s own” (reflexive).
-asankhya: numberless, countless.
-ase: such, thus; like this.
-ashcharya: (N) surprise, wonder.
-asne: (I) to be (auxiliary form); to exist.
-at/-t: (post) in, inside, within; among, between.
-athwa: or, or else.
-atishay: extremely, very; very much; excessive.
-atun: from within; (post) out from, through.
-babat: (Fi) matter; (post) about, regarding.
-babatit: in respect, in the matter.
-baju: (F) side.
-bajula: to one side, on the side, aside.
-baki: the rest (of), remaining (-bakiche ‘remaining’).
-banawne: (T) to make, manufacture, construct.
-banne: (I) to be made, shaped; to become.
-bhumi: (F) land, region; ground.
-budi: (F) dive.
-budi marne: to dive.
-ch: (emphatic particle suffix) just, only, etc.
-chalne: (I) to walk, move, go, proceed.
-che: (possessive suffix) its, one’s, etc.
-chikatne: (I) to stick, adhere.
-chikatun rahne: to (continue to) stick or adhere to.
-dakhawne: (T) to demonstrate, show.
-dene (past -dile): (T) to give, let, allow.
-dhyey: (N) aim, ideal, objective, goal.
-drishti: (F) sight; vision; point of view, perspective.
-dusre: second, other, another.
-ek: one, a.
-ekhade: someone, anyone; some, any.
-ghene (past -ghetle): (T) to take; to seize; to attain.
-gung: absorbed (in an activity).
-ha/-hi/-he/-hya: he/she, it, this; they, these.
-hastgat: gone into the hands of, taken possession of.
-hat: (M) hand; arm.
-hatpay: (M Pl) hands and feet; arms and legs.
-hi: (emphatic particle suffix) too, also, even, likewise.
-hone: (past -jhale): (I) to become, happen, occur.
-ichchha: (F) wish, desire, longing.
-Ishwar: (M) God.
-jane (past -gele): (I) to go, go on.
-jar: if (-jar ... tar: if ... then (jar sometimes omitted)).
-jo/-ji/-je/-jya: he/she who, that which; those who.
-jewha: when (jewha ... tewha: ‘when ... then’).
-jhale: became, happened, occurred, finished.
-kade: (post) at, to, towards; belonging to.
-kahi: some(thing), any, a few.
-kal: (M) time; duration.
-karne (past -kele): (T) to do, make.
-karya: (N) task, work, action (karyakshetra ‘sphere of action’).
-kautuk: (N) making much of, admiration (kautuk karne ‘to admire’).
-khol: deep (-kholat ‘in the depth’).
-khule: open.
-ki: that.
-kinara: (M) margin, border, shore, coast.
-koni: somebody, anybody.
-konte: which, what (-kontech ‘whatsoever’).
-kshetra: (N) area; field, locality; sphere, domain.
-lagne:(R) to require; (2nd verb) (R) to be forced to (“have to”).
-lat: (F) wave.
-lok: (M Pl) people, folk.
-madat: (F) help (madat karne ‘to help’).
-magne: absorbed in.
-mahit: known (mala mahit ahe ‘I know’).
-mala: to/for me.
-man: (N) mind, heart.
-manus: (M; neuter in plural: manase) man, human.
-manushya: (M) man, human.
-marne: (T) to beat, strike; to throw at etc (used variously in idioms).
-maryada: (F) limit, boundary; limitation.
-maryadit: limited.
-masti: (F) intoxication.
-mhanje: that is (to say), meaning (defining) “is”.
-mi: I, me.
-milawne: (T) to earn, obtain, acquire.
-milne: (R) to get, obtain, receive (milale nahi ‘wasn’t obtained’).
-mol: (N) price, worth.
-moti: (M) pearl.
-mule: (post) because of, due to.
-murkh: (M) idiot, fool.
-na: not (neg. particle); without (na karta ‘without doing’).
-nahise: disappeared (nahise hone ‘to disappear, vanish’).
-nahwte: wasn’t (spelled nawhte in Devanagari).
-nantar: afterwards, later on; (post) after.
-nare: (verbal suffix) the one doing (karnara ‘the doer’).
-nasne: (I) to not be; “to be lacking”.
-pahne (past -pahile): (T) to see, look at, perceive.
-paiki: (post) from among; of that number.
-pan: but; also; yet, nevertheless.
-pana: (M suff) -ness (abstract noun-maker).
-panbudya: (M) diver.
-pani: (N) water.
-parangat: proficient.
-parantu: but, yet, however.
-parat: back, again, in return (parat yene ‘to come back, return’).
-parinam: (M) effect, result.
-pay: (M) foot; leg.
-payi: afoot, on foot (payi chalnara (M) ‘walker’).
-pharak: (M) difference, change.
-pohne (past: -pohole): (I) to swim, float.
-pohochne: (I) to arrive, reach, get to.
-prakar: (M) sort, kind, type of thing.
-prakare: in a manner or way (asha prakare ‘in such/like manner’).
-pramane: (post) according to; like.
-pratham: in the first place, at first; first.
-prawin: expert.
-prayal: (M) strenuous exertion.
-premi: (M) lover.
-purn: whole, entire, full, complete, perfect.
-purnatwa: (N) wholeness, perfection, completeness.
-purntya: (Hindi) completely, entirely, perfectly.
-purush: (M) man, male.
-rahne (past -rahile): (I) to live, stay, remain; (2nd verb) continue, keep.
-rupi: (suff) having the form or appearance of.
-sadguru: (M,F) Sadguru, Perfect Master, Qutub.
-sagar: (M) sea, ocean.
-saman: equal, alike, “the same”.
-samudra: (M) sea, ocean.
-sarkhe: (post) like, similar to, equal to.
-sarne: (T) to push, push aside.
-sathi: (post) for, for the sake of.
-satya: (N) truth.
-shakne: (I) to be able, capable; (2nd verb) to be able to.
-shakti: (F) strength, power, energy.
-shi: (post) to/at; with.
-shikne: (S) to learn, study.
-shodh: (M) search.
-shodh karne: to search for.
-shodhne: (T) to seek, search/look for.
-smaran: (N) memory, recollection.
-smaran hone: to be reminded of, remember.
-sthan: (N) place; status, position.
-suru: started, begun.
-suru karne: to start something, begin.
-suruwat: (Fi) beginning, start (suruwat karne ‘to begin’).
-suruwatila: in the beginning.
-swatha: oneself; by oneself, on one’s own.
-swathache: one’s own, of oneself.
-tal: (M) bottom.
-tar: then, consequently (see jar ... tar).
-tewha: then, at that time.
-thang: (M) bottom, depth.
-tithe: there (tithech ‘right there’).
-titke: that much/many, so much.
-to/-ti/-te/-tya: he/she, it, that; they, those.
-tond: (N) opening; mouth; face.
-tond dene: to face.
-tyache (plural: -tyanche): his, its.
-tyala (plural: tyana): to or for him/it.
-wel: (F) period of time; occasion.
-weli: in/at time (tya weli ‘at that time’).
-udi: (F) jump, leap.
-udi ghene: to jump, leap.
-ulhas: (M) joy; enthusiasm.
-ulhasit karne: to delight.
-uthal: shallow.
-utsahit: enthusiastic; delighted (utsahit karne ‘to encourage’).
-wa: and (short form).
-war: up, upwards; (post) on, over, above; at, to, toward.
-watel: as one feels (so).
-watne:(R) to feel, think, seem, appear (mala watte ‘it seems to me’).
-widya: (F) knowledge; branch of learning..
-wisarne: (S) to forget (wisarun jane ‘to completely forget’).
-yene (past -ale): (I) to come; to become, befall, occur.

*English-Marathi Dictionary*
Taken from Berntsen & Nimbkar, Sanjay’s “Learn Marathi in 30 days”, etc.
Note: Cross-check with English synonyms to ensure that you found the correct
Marathi equivalent of the English word that you were searching for. Nouns are
denoted by gender, postpositions by a preceding dash, verbs by a following dash.
Abbrevs: (M), (F), (N): gender; (T), (I): (R) transitive, intransitive, reverse verbs.

A abroad: pardeshala.
able: samarth; (possible) shakya. absent: gairhajar.
*able, be: (R) shak-, sadh-, jam-. *absent, to be: nas-.
Aborigine: adiwasi (M) absolutely: ajibat, purnpane.
about (approx.): jawal jawal, sumare. *absorb:
about: -baddal, -babat, -wishayi. 1. shosh-, shoshun ghe-.
above: war, warti; -war. 2. (learn) atmasat kar-.
Abundance: relchel (F).
abundant: bharpur.
*accept: swikar-, swikar/manya kar-.
*acceptable, be: (R) chal-, pat-.
Acceptance: swikar (M).
accepted: manya.
Accident: apghat (M).
Accomodation (facility): (F) soy.
*accompany to destination: pochaw-.
accord (of one’s own acc.): apan houn.
according to: -pramane.
Account:
1. (bank) khate (N).
2. (calculation) hishob (M).
account (on acc. of): -nimitt.
Accountant: akauntant (M,F).
*accumulate:
1. (I) sach-, sath-, tumb-;
2. (T) sachaw-, sathaw-.
accurate: achuk.
Ache: duhakh (N).
*ache (be painful): dukh-.
Acquaintance
1. (with person) olakh (F); parichay
(M).
2. (with subject or thing): mahiti (F).
acquaintance (of one’s acq.): olakiche.
*acquainted with (to be): olakh-.
*acquire: milaw-.
acquired: milawlele; prapt.
Acre: ekar (M); per acre: ekri.
Acting: abhinay (M).
Action: kriya (F); kriti (F).
active: chapal; udyogi.
Activities: kamkaj (N).
Activity: udyog (M); (motion) halchal
(F).
Actor: nat (M).
Actress: nati (F).
actually: wastawik; kharokhar.
*add: berij kar-, berij ghal-.
Addition: berij (F).
addition (in add. to): -shiway.
additional: ankhi.
Address (of house, etc): patta (M).
Administration: karbhar (M).
*admit: kabul kar-
*adopt: dattak ghe-.
adopted: dattak.
Adult: motha manus (M).
adult: praudh.
Advance: ædwhans (M).
advance (in adv.): agau.
*advance: pudhe ja-, pudhe kar-.
Advantage: phayda (M).
Adventure: sahas (M).
adventure (spirit of adv.): dhadas.
adverse: pratikul.
Advertisement: jahirat (F).
Advice: salla (M); updesh (M).
*advise: salla de-.
Affection: prem (N); apulaki (F).
*afford: (R) parwad-.
afraid: ghabarlele; bhyaylele.
*afraid, to be: bhi-; ghabar-; (R) bhiti
wat-.
after: nantar; -war, -magun.
after (immed. aft.): pathopath,
magomag.
Afternoon: dupar (F).
afternoon (in the aft.): dupari.
afternoon (this aft.): aj dupari.
afterwards: nantar; tyanantar.
again: parat; punha.
against: wiruddh.
Age: way (N).
aged: wayask; mhatare.
ago (a while ago): maghashi.
*agree: kabul kar-, manya kar-.
*agree with (suit): (R) manaw-.
agreed: kabul; manya.
Agreement: ekmat (N); (contract)
karar (M).
Agriculture: sheti (F).
ahead: pudhe.
ahead of: -pudhe.
Aid: madat (F).
Air: hawa (F).
Airplane: wiman (N).
Airport: wimantal (M).
Aim (goal, purpose): dhyey (N).
Alarm: gajar (M); (calamity) sankat
(F).
Alarm clock: gajarache ghadyal (N).
Alcohol (beverage): daru (F).
alike: sarkhe.
alive: jiwant.
all: sagle; sarwa; -bhar.
all (of all/ in all): saglyat, sarwat.
all right: thik (ahe); bare (ahe).
Alley: galli (F). anybody: konihi.
Allowance: bhatta (M). anymore: ankhi.
almost: jawal jawal. anything: kahihi.
Alms: bhik (F); bhiksha (F). anywhere: kuthehi.
*alms, to give: bhiksha ghal-. Ape: wanar (N,M).
alone: ekte. *appear: (R) dis-, wat-, bhas-.
along: sobat; barobar; (near) warun. Appearance: disne, rup (N); bhas (M).
along with: -sobat, -barobar. Appetite: bhuk (F).
alongside: shejari. *applaud: wahwa kar-.
aloud: mothyane. Applause: wahwa (F).
Alphonso mango: hapus. Apple: sapharchand (N).
already: agodarach, adhich. Appliance: upkaran (N).
also: suddha; dekhil; -pan, -hi, - Application: arj (M).
suddha. *applied, to be: lag-.
*alter: (T) badal-. *apply: arj kar-; (put on) law-.
Alteration: badal (M); pharak (M). *appoint: nem-; nemnuk kar-.
although ... nevertheless: jari ... tari. Appointment: nemnuk, wel (F).
altogether: ekandar; ekun, sarwa *approach: jawal ja-.
milun. approximately: andaje, sadharan,
always: nehmi; sada. sumare
American: amerikan. sumaras, jawalpas, jawaljawal.
among: -paiki. Approximation: sumar (M).
among ... selves: apapsat. Area: kshetraphal (N); (region) bhag
Amount: rakkam (F). (M).
*amused, to feel: (R) maja wat-. *argue: wad kar-, charcha kar-.
Amusement: maja (F); karamnuk (F). Argument: wad (M); (quarrel) bhandan
Ancestors: wadwadil (M Pl); purwaj (N).
(M). Arithmetic: ganit (N).
ancient: prachin. Arm: hat (M); (upper arm) dand (M).
and: ani, an; (&) wa. Army: sainya (N); lashkar (N).
and so forth: wagaire. around: -bhowti.
Anger: chid (F); rag (M). *around, to get: hind-, phir-.
angry: ragawlele; chidlele. *arrange:
*angry, to be: ragaw-; chid-; rag ye-. 1. (set up, lay out): mand-, that-,
Animal: janawar (N); prani (M). rach-.
Anise: badishep (F). 2. (make arrangements): soy (etc)
Ankle: ghota (M). kar-.
Annihilation: sarwanash (M). *arranged, be: thar-.
Anniversary: wadhdiwas (M). Arrangement:
*announce: jahir kar-. 1. (laying out) mandni (F).
announced: jahir. 2. (prep) tajwij, wyawastha, rachna
Annoyance: toshis (F); katkat (F); tras (F).
(M). 3. (convenience): soy (F).
annual: warshik. Arrest: atak (F).
another: dusre, ankhi. *arrest: atak kar-.
Answer: uttar (N). *arrive: poch-, ye-.
*answer: uttar de-. Arrogance: garwa (M).
Ant: mungi (F); (big) mungla (M). arrogant: garwishth.
anxious: utsuk, kaljit. Art: kala (F).
any(thing): kahi. Article:
 1. (thing) wastu (F); gosht (F); jinnas 1. (mother’s sister) mawshi (F).
(M). 2. (father’s sister) atya (F).
2. (piece of luggage) dag (M); nag 3. (mother’s brother’s wife) mami
(M). (F).
3. (piece of food) jinnas (M); padarth 4. (father’s brother’s wife) kaki, kaku
(M). (F)
4. (piece of writing) lekh (M). auspicious: shubh.
artificial: kritrim. Author: lekhak (M); Authoress:
Artisan: karagir (M). lekhika (F).
Artist: kalakar (M). Authority (power): adhikar (M).
as: mhanun; pramane. automatically: apsukh.
as ... as: jase ... tase. Automobile: motar (F).
Asafoetida: hing (M). available: uplabdh.
Ascent: chadh (M). *available, be: mil-, uplabdh ho-.
Ascetic: sadhu (M); sannyasi (M). Avenue: marg (M).
Ashes: rakh (F). average: (ordinary) samanya.
Ashram: ashram (M). *avoid: (T) tal-, chukaw-.
*ask: wichar-. *avoided, to be: (I) tal-, chuk-.
*ask for: mag-. awake: jage.
asleep: jhoplele; nijlele. *awake, to remain: jag-, jage rah-.
*asleep, to fall: jhop-; nij-. *awaken: (T) uthaw-, jage kar-.
*assist: madat kar-. *aware, to be: (R) janiw as-.
Assistant: madatnis (M). Awareness: janiw (F).
Association: away: dur.
1. (club) mandal (N). awfully: bhayankar.
2. (contact) sambandh (M); sahwas Axe: kurhad (F).
(M). Axle: æksal (M).
*assume: grihit dhar-. B
assumed: grihit. Babble: badbad (F).
Assurance: ashwasan (N). *babble: badbad kar-.
astringent: turat. Baby: bal (N); mul (N).
at: -jawal, -pashi, -kade, -la. Back: (of body) path (F).
at all: ajibat. back: parat; mage, pathimage.
at least: nidan; matra. back (in the b.): -mage, -pathimage.
at once: ekdam; tabadtob. backward (socially): magaslele.
Athlete: kheladu (M). Backyard: paras (M).
Atmosphere: watawaran (N). bad:
*attach: law-, basaw-. 1. wait; bekar.
Attack: halla (M). 2. (rotten) kharab
*attack: halla kar-. 3. (wicked) dusht.
Attempt: prayatna (M). 4. (naughty) wede.
*attempt: prayatna kar-. *bad, to feel: (R) wait wat-.
Attention: laksh (N). Bag: pishwi (F); thaili (F); peti (F);
*attention, pay: laksh de-. bæg (F).
Attitude: manowritti (F). Bakery: bekari (F).
attractive: akarshak. Balance: tol (M); (remainder) shillak
Attraction: akarshan (N). (F).
Auction: lilaw (M). balanced: samtol.
Audience: shrote (M Pl). *balk: khalkhal kar-
Aunt:
Ball: chendu (M); (round object) gola Beard: dadhi (F).
(M). *beard, grow/wear: dadhi thew-.
Balloon: phuga (M). Beast: pashu (M).
Bamboo: bambu (M). *beat: mar-.
Ban: bandi (F). Beating: mar (M).
Banana: kele (N). *beating, get: mar kha-.
Band: (strip) patti (F); (group) toli (F). beautiful: sundar; (of a place) ramya.
Bandage: patti (F). beautifully: sundar ritine.
*bang: apat- because: karan.
Bangle: bangdi (F). because of: -mule.
Bank: *become: ho-; ban-.
2. (stream, etc) kath (M), kinara (M). *become (be fitting): (R) shobh-.
3. (financial) bænk (F). Bed: palang (M); khat (F).
Banyan tree: wad (M); wadache jhad *bed, go to: nij-, jhop-.
(N). *bed, to make a: anthrun ghal-.
Bar: (soap, etc) wadi (F). Bedbug: dhekun (M).
Barber: nhai, nhawi (M). Bedding: anthrun (N); bichhana (M).
Bargain: sauda (M). Bedroll: walkati (F).
*bargain: sauda kar-. Bedroom: jhopaychi kholi (F).
Bargaining: Bedspread: chadar (F).
1. sauda (M). Beedi: bidi (F).
2. (haggling) ghasaghis (F). Beef: biph (N).
Bark: (tree) sal (F). Beer: biar (F).
*bark: (dog) bhunk kar-, bhunk-. Beet: bit (M);.
Barrel: pimp (N); pip (N). before: purwi, adhi, agodar.
Base: paya (M); (basis) adhar (M). before: -purwi, -adhi, -agodar.
based: adharit. *beg: bhik mag-; bhiksha mag-.
bashful: lajre. Beggar: bhikari (M,F).
Bashfulness: laj (F). *begin: (T) chalu kar-; suru/surwat
basically: mulat. kar-.
Basil: (holy) tulashi (F); (ordinary) *begin: (I) chalu ho-; suru ho-.
sabji (F) *begin (2nd verb): lag-.
Basket: topli (F); pati (F); hara (M). Beginning: surwat/suruwat (F);
Bath: anghol (F); (bathing) snan (N). arambh (M)
*bathe: (I) anghol kar-; (T) anghol begun: suru.
ghal-. behalf (on beh. of): -tarph, -marphat.
Bathing space: mori (F). *behave: wag-.
Bathroom: bathrum (F); snangrih (N). *behave properly: shist pal-.
Bathroom (toilet): toylet (M), sandas Behavior: wagnuk (F), wagne (N).
(M). behind: mage; pathimage.
Battle: ladhai (F). behind: -mage, -pathimage, -ad.
Bayleaf: tej patta (M). behind (directly beh.): -magomag.
Bazaar: bajar (M); bajarhat (N). behind (from beh.): magun; -magun.
be: as- (not to be: nas-). Belief: wishwas (M).
Beach: kinara (M). *believe: man-; wishwas thew-.
Beans: (pod-type) sheng (F). Bell: ghanta (F); bel (F).
Beans: ghewda (M); (split dried) dal Belly: pot (N).
(F). *belong: -che ahe (e.g., mine: majhe
Bear: aswal (N). ahe).
*bear (suffer): sahan kar-, sos- Beloved: preyasi (F).
below: khali; -khali.
Belt: patta (M).
beneath: -khali.
Bench: bak (N).
*bend: (I) wak-; (T) wakaw-.
Benefit: phayda (M); hit (N).
bent: wakde; waklele.
beside: shejari; lagun.
besides: shiway; kherij; -kherij.
besides (what’s more): jhale tar.
best: uttam; (best of all) sarwottam.
*better, get: bare ho-.
between: -madhe, -madhye (written).
beyond: -palikade.
Bhajan: bhajan (N).
Bhakri (millet bread): bhakri (F).
Bicycle: saykal (F).
big: mothe.
big (how big): kewdhe; (so big):
ewdhe.
bill: (demand) bil (N); (banknote) not
(F).
*bind: bandh-.
binding: bandhankarak.
Bird: pakshi (M); pakhru (N).
Birth: janma (M).
*birth, to give (humans): balant ho-.
*birth, to give (animals): wi-.
Birthday: wadhdiwas (M),
janmadiwas (M).
Biscuit: biskit (N).
*bite: chaw-.
biting:
1. (pungent) tikhat.
2. (cold) chawre; jhombre.
bitter: kadu; kadwat.
Bitter gourd (carela): dodka (F).
Bitterness: kadwatpana (M).
black: kale.
Black pepper: kali miri (F).
Blackboard: phala (M).
blackish: kalpat.
Blacksmith: lohar (M).
Blade (grass) kadi (F); (knife) pate
(N).
Blame: dosh (M); waitpana (M).
*blame: dosh de-.
bland (of food): phikke; alni.
blank: kore.
Blemish: dag (M).
Blessing: ashirwad (M).
blind: andhale.
*block (of wood): thokla.
Blood: rakta (N).
Bloodshed: raktapat (M).
*bloom: phul-.
Blouse: polke (N); blauj (M); choli (F).
Blow:
1. war (M); phatka (M); tadakha
(M).
2. (with a fist) thosa (M); gudda (M).
*blow: (w. mouth) phunk-; (breeze)
wah-.
blue: nile.
blue-green: morpankhi.
*blush: laj-; lajene lal ho-.
Board:
1. (plank) phali (F).
2. (blackboard) phala (M).
3. (council) mandal (N).
Boarding house, inn: khanawal (F).
Boat: hodi (F); bot (F); jahaj (N).
Bodice: choli.
Body: ang/ang (N); sharir (N); deh
(M).
Boil: ukali (F); adhan (N).
*boil: (water) ukal-; (egg etc) ukad-.
*boil, come to a: ukali ye-; ukali phut-.
*boil down: (T) ataw-; (I) at-.
Bolt: (door) kadi (F); (cloth) taga (M).
Bond: bandhan (N).
Bone: had (N).
Book: pustak (N).
bookish: pustaki.
Border: (edge) kath (M); (limit) hadd
(F).
Boredom: kantala (M).
boring: kantalwane.
*born, be: janm-, janma ho-.
*borrow: usne ghe-.
borrowed: usne.
both: donhi; (of persons) doghe.
Bother: katkat (F); tras (M); toshis (F).
Bottle: batli (F).
Bottom: tal (M).
bottom: khalche.
Bowl: sat (M); (small metal) wati (F).
Box: khoke (N); peti (F); daba (M);
baks (F).
Boy: mulga (M); porga (M).
Boycott: bahishkar (M).
Brahman: brahman (MF).
Braid: weni (F).
Brain: mendu (M).
Branch:
1. (tree) phandi (F).
2. (organization) shakha (F).
brass: pital, pitali.
brave: shur.
Bravery: shaurya (N).
bravo!: shabas!
Bread: paw (M); bred (F,M); (sliced)
batar.
Breadth: rundi (F); jadi (F).
*break: phod-, mod-, phut-; (snap) tut-.
*break down: dhasal-.
*break down, for a car to: brekdaun
ho-.
Breakfast: nyahari (F); nashta (M).
Breast:
1. (chest): chhati (F).
2. (female) stan (M).
Breath: shwas (M); dam (M).
*breath, to get out of: (R) dam lag-.
*breathe: shwas ghe-.
Bribe: lach (F).
Brick: wit (F).
brick (made of brick): witeche.
Bride: nawri; wadhu (F).
Bridegroom: nawra, war (M).
Bridge: pul (M).
bright: chakchakit, satej; tejaswi.
bright (intelligent) hushar.
Brilliance: tej (N).
brilliant: tejaswi.
*bring: an-; gheun ye-.
broad: (wide) rund; (thick) jad.
broken-down: brekdaun.
Broker: dalal (M).
brooding (of a hen) khuduk.
Broom: jhadu (M); kersuni (F);
kharata (M).
Brother: bhau (M).
Brother-in-law: mehuna (M).
Brother’s wife: wahini (F).
brown: tapkiri; chakaleti.
*brush: jhad-.
*brush off: jhatak-.
*brush (one’s teeth): dat ghas-.
Bucket: badli (F).
Buffalo: mhais (F); reda (M).
Buffalo calf: redku.
*build: bandh-.
Building: imarat (F).
Bulb: (light) balb; (flower) kanda (M).
Bull: bail (M); (young) khond (M).
Bullet: goli (F).
Bulletin: warta (F).
Bullock: bail (M); (team) bailjodi (F).
Bullock cart: bailgadi (F).
Bun: ban (M).
Bunch:
1. (fruit) ghad (M).
2. (leafy veg) pendhi (F), jadi (F).
Bundle: gaththa (M); gathode (N).
Bungalow: bangla (M).
Burden: ojhe (N); boja (M).
Burial: daphan (N).
*burn: (I) jal-; (T) jal-, petaw-.
burned, to be: jalale, bhajlele.
burning:
1. (smarting) ag.
2. (from fever, heat of the sun)
talakhi.
3. (cremation) dahan.
*bury: pur-.
Bus: bas (F); gadi (F).
Bus-stand: stænd (M).
Bush: jhudap/jhudup (N); jhad (N).
Business:
1. (commerce) wyapar (M).
2. (trade, profession) dhanda (M).
3. (affairs) wyawahar (M).
Businessman: wyapari (M).
busy: kamat; gadbadit; (phone) engejd.
but: pan; parantu.
Butcher: khatik (M).
Butter: loni (N); (spread) makhan (N).
Butterfly: phulpakhru (N).
Buttermilk: tak (N).
Button: batan (N); gundi (F).
*buy: (wikat) ghe-; kharedi kar-.
by (near): jawal, bajune; -jawal.
by means of: -ne/ni; -tun.
C
Cabbage: kobi (F).
Cabinet: kapat (N).
Cafeteria: mes (F).
Cage (for food storage etc): pinjara
(M).
Cake: kek (M).
Calamity: sankat (N).
Calculation: hishob (M); ganit (N).
Calculator: kælkyuletar (M).
Calf: wasru (N); khond (M); kalwad
(F).
Call: hak (F).
*call: bolaw-, hak mar-; (name) mhan-
. Pl).
Camel: unt (M).
Camera: kæmara (M).
Camp: (encampment) chhawni (F).
*camp: tal de-.
Campaign: mohim (F).
Can: daba (M).
*can (be able): shak-.
Canal: kalwa (M); kænal (M).
*cancel: radd kar-
cancelled: radd.
Candidate: umedwar (M).
Candle: menbatti (F).
Canister: daba (M).
Cantonment: lashkar (N).
Cap: topi (F); (of a pen) topan (N).
capable: karyaksham; samarth.
capable: -yogya, -jogte, -joge.
Capital:
1. (city) rajdhani (F).
2. (funds) bhandwal (N); muddal
(N).
Capitalist: bhandwaldar (M).
Car: motar (F), gadi (F).
Caraway seed: shaha jire (N).
Card: kard (N); (playing card) patta
(M).
*cards, to play: patte khel-.
Cardamom: ilachi (F).
care: kalji.
*care for: pos-.
* care of, take: sambhal-; kalji ghe-.
Career: kariyar (F).
carefree: nishchint.
carefully: japun; sambhalun;
kaljipurwak
careless: nishkalji; bephikir.
Carelessness: nishkaljipana (M).
Carpenter: sutar (M).
Carpet: galicha (M); satranji (F).
Carrot: gajar (N).
*carry: gheun ja-; wahun ne-; ne-;
wah-.
*carry around: balag-.
Cart: gadi (F); (pushcart) gada (M).
Case (matter) prakaran (N).
case (in that case): tar mag; tya
babatit.
Cash: rokh rakkam (F); rokh paise (M
*cash: (T) wataw-.
Cash memo: rokhichi pawti.
*cashed, to be: (I) wat-
Cashew: kaju (M).
Caste: jat (F).
casually: sahaj.
Cat: manjar (N); billi (F); boka (M).
*catch (grab): pakad-; dhar-.
Cattle (beasts): gure (N Pl).
*caught, be: sapad-.
Cauliflower: phulkobi (phulwar) (M).
Cause: karan (N); nimitt (N).
cautiously: sawadhpane.
Cave: (natural) guha (F); (temple) lena
(N).
Ceiling: chhat (N); adhe (N).
*celebrate: sajare kar-.
celebrated: prasiddh.
Celebration: samarambh (M).
Center: madhya (M); kendra (N).
Center (shopping etc): sentar (N).
centered: kendrit.
Century: shatak (N).
Ceremony:
1. samarambh (M).
2. (religious) karya (N).
certainly: jarur; awshya; nakki.
Certainty: khatri (F).
Certificate: dakhla (M); pramanpatra
(N).
Chain: sankhali (F); (series) malika
(F).
Chair: khurchi (F).
Chalk: khadu (M).
Chance: daiwyog (N).
Change:
1. badal (M).
2. (money) mod (F), sute paise (M
Pl)
*change: badal-.
Chapati: chapati (F); poli (F).
Chappal: chappal (F).
Chapter: prakaran (N).
Charge:
1. (accusation): arop (M).
2. (expense) kharch (M); (fare)
bhade (N).
*charge (accuse): arop thew-.
Chase: pathlag (M).
*chase: pathlag kar-.
*chat: gappa mar-.
Chatting: gappa (F Pl).
cheap: swast; (common) sawang.
Cheating: phaswaphaswi (F).
Check: (bank, bill) chek (M).
*check: (examine) tapas-; chek kar-.
*check: (contain) thambaw-; thopaw-
Checkbook: chekbuk (N).
checkered: chauktiche.
Cheek: gal (M).
Cheese: chij (F); (cottage) paner (F).
Chess: buddhibal (N).
Chest:
1. (breast) chhati (F).
2. (box) peti (F), sanduk (F).
Chicken: kombdi (F).
Chickpea (gram) flour: besan (N)
Chief: pramukh (M); (chieftain) nayak
(M).
chief: (main) mukhya; pramukh.
chiefly: mukhyatha.
Child: mul (N); bal (N); por (N); lekru
(N).
Childhood: balpan (N); lahanpan (N).
childish: porkat.
Chili pepper: (lal/hirwi) mirchi (F).
Chili powder (spicy): tikhat (N).
Chills: thandi (F).
*chills, to get: thandi wajun ye-.
Choice: niwad (F); ichchha (F);
pasanti (F).
*choose: niwad-; niwad kar-.
*chop:
1. (fine): barik kap-.
2. (into pieces) tukde kap-
Church: charch (N).
Cigarette: sigaret; sigret (F); (beedi)
bidi (F)
Cinema: sinema, chitrapat (M); philm
(F).
Cinnamon: dalchini (F).
Circumstances: paristhiti (F).
Citizen: nagarik (M).
City: shahar (N); nagar (N).
Claim: dawa (M).
*claim: dawa kar-; hakk sang-.
Class: warg (M); (in school) iyatta (F).
classical: shastriya.
Clause: mudda; kalam.
clean: swachchh; saph.
*clean: swachchh kar-; saph kar-.
*clean grain: niwad-.
*clean house: jhadlot kar-.
*clean a vegetable: nis-.
Cleaning: saphsaphai (F).
Cleanliness: swachchhata (F).
Clerical work: karkuni (F).
Clerk: karkun (M); klark (M).
clever: hushar; chalakh, shahana.
Cliff: kada (M).
Climate: hawa (F), hawaman (N).
Climb: chadh (M).
*climb: chadh-.
*climb down: utar-.
Clippers: katri (F).
Clock: ghadyal (N).
close: jawalche; close by: jawal.
*close: (shut) law-, band kar-; (eyes)
mit-.
closed: band; lawlele; mitlele.
Closeness: jawalik (F); apulaki (F).
Cloth: kapad (N).
Cloth:
1. (rag) phadke (N).
2. (floor cloth) pochara/potere (N).
Clothes: kapde (M Pl).
Clothing:
1. (item) kapda (M).
2. (set of) poshakh (M).
Cloud: dhag (M); abhra (N).
cloudless: nirabhra; cloudy: dhagal.
Clove: lawang (F).
Club:
1. klab (M); mandal (N).
2. (sports) jimkhana (M).
Clutter: pasara (M).
Coal: kolsa (M).
Coat: kot (M).
Cobra: nag (M).
Cockroach: jhural (N).
Coconut: naryal (M); (dried) khobre
(N).
Coffee: kaphi (F).
Coin: nane (N).
Cold:
1. thandi (F), gartha (M).
2. (headcold) sardi (F), padse (N).
cold (feeling): gar; thand, thandi
*cold, to feel: (R) thandi waj-.
Collar: kalar (F).
Colleague: sahakari (M).
*collect:
1. (I) jam-; gola ho-; sach-.
2. (T) jamaw-; jama/gola kar-;
sachaw-.
3. (demand payment) wasul kar-.
collected: jama; gola.
College: kalej (N).
Collision: takkar (F).
Colony: (housing) kalani (F); wasahat
(F).
Color: rang (M).
*color: rangaw-.
colored: rangit.
Comb: kangwa (M); phani (F).
*comb: winchar-.
*come: ye-; (come back) parat ye-.
*come down (descend): utar-.
*come off/out: nigh-.
*come on: chala.
*come undone: sut-.
Comfort: aram (M.
*comfort: (console) santwan kar-
comfortable: aramshir.
comfortably: aramat.
comic (funny): winodi.
coming: yete.
Command: hukum (M); adnya (F).
Committee: samiti (F).
common:
1. samanya; sarwasamanya; sumar.
2. (in poor taste) sawang.
commonly: samanyatha.
commonplace: samanya; sumar.
Community: (society) samaj (M).
Companionship: sangat, maitri, sobat
(F).
company:
1. (firm) kampani (F).
2. (being together) sahawas (M);
sobat (F).
*compare: tulna kar-.
Comparison: tulna (F).
Competition: spardha (F); ahmahmika
(F).
Competitive event: spardha (F).
*complain: takrar kar-.
Complaining: orada (M); takrar (F).
complaining, given to: radka.
Complaint: takrar (F).
complete:
1. (entire) sabandh; sampurn.
2. (finished) purn.
*complete: sampaw-; pure/purn kar-.
completely: purnpane; sampurn; purte.
par; agdi; ajibat.
Complication: guntagunt (F); bhangad
(F).
Compromise: tadjod (F).
Compulsion: sakti (F).
Computer: kampyutar (M).
*conceal: (T) lapaw-.
*concealed, to be: (I) lap-.
*concentrate (mind): ekagra kar-.
Concert: maiphal (F).
Concession: sawlat (F).
Conclusion: nishkarsh (M).
*conclusion, to draw a: nishkarsh
kadh-.
Condition: sthiti (F); at (F).
Conference: parishad (F); sabha (F).
Confidence: khatri (F); wishwas (M).
Confluence: sangam (M).
Confusion: ghotala (M); gondhal (M).
Congratulation: abhinandan (N).
*connected, to get: lag-.
Connection: (relationship) sambandh
(M).
*conquer: mat kar-; jink-.
Consciousness: shuddhi (F); janiw (F).
Consent: manyata (F).
*consider: wicharat ghe-.
constant: sarkhe, nitya.
constantly: sarkhe.
Constitution: (of country etc) ghatna
(F).
Constraint: sankoch (M).
Construction: bandhkam (N).
Consumer: grahak (M).
Contact: sampark, sparsh, sambandh
(M)
*contact, to come in: (I) lag-, sparsh
ho-.
*contact, to make: (T) law- sparsh kar-
. Corner: kopra (M).
Contention: wad (M); bhandan (N).
Contest: spardha (F); ahmahmika (F).
Continent: khand (M).
continually: waramwar, rahun rahun.
continuous: satat.
continuously: sarkhe; eksarkhe.
Contract: kantrat, kantrækt (N); karar
(N)
Contraction: sankoch (M).
Contractor: kantratdar, kantræktar
(M).
contrary (on the contrary): -ulat.
Contribution: wargni (F).
Control:
1. (regulation) niyantran (N).
2. (power to control) taba (M).
*control: niyantran thew-; taba thew-.
*control, keep under: tabyat thew-.
*control (keep within limits): ala (M)
ghal-.
Convenience: soy (F).
convenient: soyiskar; soyiche.
Conversation: sanwad (M);
sambhashan (N)
*convince: (T) pataw-.
*convinced, to be: (R) pat-.
Cook: saipaki (M), saipakin (F); achari
(M).
*cook:
1. (I) shij-; (T) shijaw-.
2. (cook by boiling) ukhad-.
3. (do cooking) saipak kar-.
cooked: shijle.
Cookie: biskit (N).
Cooking: saipak (M).
Cooking stove: stowh (M); chul,
shegdi (F).
cool: gar.
*cool down: niw-.
Coolie (porter): kuli (M); hamal (M).
*cooperate: sahakarya kar-.
cooperative: sahakari.
Cooperation: sahkarya (N); sahkar
(M).
Copy: prat (F); kapi (F); nakkal (F).
Coriander: kothmir (F); (seed) dhane
(M).
Cork: (stopper) buch (N).
Corn (maize): maka (M).
correct: thik; barobar; achuk; shuddh.
*correct:
1. durust kar-.
2. (check, as exam papers) tapas-.
correctly: barobar.
corroborative: poshak.
Cost:
1. (price) kimmat (F);
2. (expense) kharch (M).
*cost: paise pad-.
costly: mahag; bhari.
cosy (warm): ubdar.
Cot: khat (F).
Cottage: bangla (M).
Cotton:
1. (crop) kapus (M); kapashi (F).
2. (thread) sut (N); dora (M).
cotton (material): suti.
Cough: khokla (M).
*cough, to have a: (R) khokla ye-.
Council: (village) panchayat (F).
*count: moj-.
Country: desh (M); (nation) rashtra
(N).
country (all over the cou.): deshbhar.
Courage: himmat (F); dhairya (N);
dhir (M).
courageous: shur; dhairyawan.
Court: (legal) kort (N); (royal) darbar
(M).
Cover: jhakan (N); (sheet) panghrun
(N).
*cover: jhak-; panghrun ghe-; panghar-
.
Cow: gay (F).
cowardly: bhitre.
Cowdung: shen (N).
Crack: tada (M); chir (F).
*crack: tadak-; tada ja-.
Cracker: biskit (N).
Craftsman: karagir (M).
*cram in: komb-.
Cramp: kal (F); phetka (M).
Crate: khoke (N).
crazy: wede; wedgal; wed laglele.
Cream:
1. (milk) say, malai (F).
2. (cold cream) krim (F).
Cremation: dahan (N).
Cricket: kriket (N).
Crime: gunha (M); gunhegari (F).
Criminal: gunhegar (M).
crippled:
1. apang.
2. (lame) langde.
3. (paralyzed) lule.
crisp: kurkurit.
*criticise: tika kar-.
crooked:
1. (bent) wakde.
2. (slanting) tirke.
3. (scheming): labad.
Crop: pik (N).
cross: (ill-humored) chidkat.
Cross: (“x”) phuli (F).
*cross (go across): oland-; kras kar-.
*cross (to mark with a): phuli kar-.
*cross out: phuli mar-.
Crow: kawla (M).
Crowd: jamaw (M); (& crowding)
gardi (F).
crude: kachche.
cruel: dusht.
*cry: rad-; (do a bird/animal cry) orad-
. Daughter: mulgi (F); lek (F).
crying (given to crying) radke.
Cuckoo: kokil (M), kokila (F).
Cucumber: kakdi.
Culture: sanskriti (F).
cultural: sanskritik.
Cumin seed: jira (M).
Cup: kap (M); (metal) pela (M).
Cupboard: kapat (N).
Curds: dahi (N).
*cure: (make well) bare kar-.
Currency note: not (F).
Current: (flow) prawah (M).
current (ongoing) chalu.
currently: sadhya; halli.
Curry: bhaji (F); kalwan (N); rassa
(M).
Curtain: padda (M).
Custom: chal (F); rit (F); riwaj (M)
Customs (manners): (FPl) chali-riti.
Customer: girhaik (N); grahak (F).
Cut: (wound) jakham (F); (blow) war
(M).
*cut: kap-; chir-.
*cut down (pluck): tod-.
D
daily: roj, darroj; (of the day) rojache.
Dal (cooked pulse): waran (N).
Dam: dharan (N); bandhara (M).
Damage: nuksan (N); hani (F).
*damage: nuksan kar-.
damp: ole; damat.
Dampness: ole, sardi (F); damatpana
(M).
Dance: nach (M); nritya (F).
*dance: nach-; nach kar-.
Danger: dhoka (M), sankat (N).
dangerous: dhokyache.
Daring: dhadas (N); dharisht (N).
dark:
1. andhar.
2. (color) gadad.
*dark, become: andhar pad-.
darkish: kalpat.
Darkness: andhar (M).
*dash, dash down/against: adal-; apat-.
Date:
1. (calendar) tarikh (F); dinank (M).
2. (by lunar calendar) tithi (F).
3. (fruit) khajur (M).
Daughter-in-law: sun (F).
Dawn: pahat (F).
Day: diwas (M); (of week) war (M).
Sunday: rawiwar;
Monday: somwar;
Tuesday: mangalwar;
Wednesday: budhwar
Thursday: guruwar;
Friday: shukrawar;
Saturday: shaniwar .
day (all day long): diwasbhar.
day (during the day) diwsa.
day (every day): roj.
day (in the day): diwashi.
day after day: diwasendiwas.
day (after tomorrow/before yest.):
parwa.
dead: melele; mrit; (killed) thar.
deaf: bahire.
Deal (bargain): sauda (M).
Dealings: wyawahar (M).
dear: priy.
Death: maran (N); nidhan (N); mrityu
(M).
Debt: karj (N).
Decade: dashak (N).
*decay: nas-; kuj-.
Deception: phaswaphaswi (F).
*decide: (T) tharaw-; nirnay kar-/ghe-.
*decided, to be: thar-.
Decision: nirnay (M).
*decrease: kami ho-; kami kar-.
deep: khol; (of color) gadad.
Deer: harin (N); bhekar (N).
Defeat: parabhaw (M).
*defecate: hag-; sandas kar-.
*defecate, go: sandasala ja-.
Defecation: sandas (M).
Deficit:
1. (shortage) tutawda (M).
2. (shortfall) tut (F).
definite: pakke; nishchit.
definitely: nakki; jarur; nishchit.
Degree:
1. (measure) ansh (M).
2. (academic) padwi (F); digri (F).
Deity: daiwat (N); dew (M).
*delay: ushir kar-.
deliberately: janunbujun; muddam.
delicious: swadisht.
delicate: najuk.
delightful: ramya.
*deliver: pochaw-.
delivered (a child): balant.
Delivery (of a child): balantpan (N).
Demand: magni (F); (obstinate) hatt
(M).
Demon: rakshas (M).
*deny: nakar-.
Department: khate (N); wibhag (M).
*depend on: awlamb-; awlambun as-
/rah-.
Deposit: thew (F).
*deposit: thew-; bhar-.
deprived: wanchit.
*descend: utar-.
*describe: warnan kar-.
Description: warnan (N).
Desert: walwant (N), osad pradesh
(M).
*deserve: patrata as-; layki as-.
Design: nakshi (F); dijhain (N).
*designate: mhan-.
Desire: ichchha (F).
Desk: tebal (N).
Despair: nirasha (F).
despairing: nirash.
*destroy: nasht kar-.
destroyed: nasht.
Destruction: nash (M).
Detail: tapshil (M).
Determination: nirdhar (M).
Development: wikas (M); pariposh
(M).
Devotee: bhakta (M).
Devotion: bhakti (F).
Dhoti: dhotar (N).
Diagnosis: nidan (N).
Dialogue: sanwad (M).
Diaper: langot (M).
Diarrhea: julab (M Pl).
*diarrhea, to have: julab ho-.
Dictator: hukumshaha (M).
Dictatorship: hukumshahi (F).
Dictionary: shabdakosh (M);
dikshanari (F).
*die: mar-; war-; maran paw-.
*die(be killed) thar ho-.
died: mele.
Diet: ahar (M).
Difference: pharak (M); antar (N).
different:
1. wegle, nirale.
2. (various) wegwegle; nirnirale.
difficult: kathin; awghad.
Difficulty: adchan (F); tras (M).
*dig: khan-; khod-.
*digest: (R) pach-; (T) pachaw-.
dignity, without: lachar.
dim: mand; aspasht.
*dine: jew-; jewan kha-/ghe-.
Dinnertime: jewaychi wel (F).
direct: saral.
directly: thet; paraspar.
Direction: disha (F).
Director:
1. sanchalak (M); sanchalika (F);
2. (movie) digdarshak (M).
Dirt: ghan (F); mal (M). *divorce: ghatsphot ghe-.
dirty: ghan; ghanerde; malkae; malkat. Dizziness: chakkar (F).
*dirty: (T) malaw-. *dizzy, to feel: chakkar ye-.
*dirty, to get: (I) mal-. *do: kar-
*disappear: disenase/nahisa/gadap ho-. Dock: dhakka (M).
disappointed: nirash. Doctor: daktar (M).
Disappointment: nirasha (F). Dog: kutra (M); kutri (F); kutre (N).
Disciple: shishya (M). Doll: bahuli (F).
Discipline: shist (F). domestic: gharguti.
Discontent: asantosh (M). Domestic life: prapanch (M); samsar
Discount: sut (F). (M).
Discourse: (religious) prawachan (N). Donation: denagi (F).
*discover: shodh law-. *done, get: (I) urak-; atap-; samp-.
Discovery: shodh (M). *done, get: (T) urak-; atap-; sampaw-.
*discuss: charcha kar-. Donkey: gadhaw (N).
Discussion: charcha (F); wadwiwad Door: dar (N); darwaja (M).
(M). Doorbell: ghanta (F); bel (F).
Disease: rog (M). Dormitory: hastel (N); wastigrih (N).
Disgust: double: dabal; duppat.
1. (revulsion) kilas (F). Doubt: shanka (F), sanshay (M).
2. (contempt) titkara (M). doubtful: sashank.
Dish: down: khali.
1. (vessel) bhande (N). *down, get: utar-.
2. (food) padarth (M), jinnas (M). Dowry: hunda (M).
*dismiss: kadhun tak-. Dozen: dajhan (M).
*dispatch: pathaw-. Draft:
Dispensary: dawakhana (M). 1. (bank) drapht (M).
Display: pradarshan (N). 2. masuda (M).
Disrepair: nadurusti (F). 3. (breeze) wara (M).
Dissemination (of info): prachar (M). *drag (pull): odh-.
*dissolve: (I) wirghal-; (T) wirghalaw- Drain: mori (F); gatar (N).
. *drain: (I,T) nithal-.
distant: dur, durche. Drama: natak (N).
Distance: antar (N). *draw: kadh-.
distinct: spasht. Drawer: drawhar (M); kappa (M),
distressed: duhakhi; hawaldil. khan (M).
distribute: (T) wat-. Dream: swapna (N).
Distribution: watap (N); watni (F). *dream: swapna pah-.
District: jilha (M). Dress: phrak (M); jhaga (M); poshakh
*disturb: tras de-. (M).
Dive: sur (M). *dress: kapde ghal-; chadhaw-.
*dive: sur mar-. Drink: pey (N).
*divide: bhag kar-. *drink: pi-
Division: *drink, to give to (suckle): paj-.
1. wibhagni (F); phut (F). *drip: gal-.
2. wibhag (M); tukdi (F). *drive: chalaw-.
3. watni (F). Driver: draywhar (M); chalak (M).
4. (math) bhagakar (M). Drop: themb (M).
*divide: (math) bhag-; wibhagni kar-. *drop: (I) pad-..
Divorce: ghatsphot (M). *drop: (T) tak-; sod-.
*drown: budun mar-.
*drowse; peng-.
Drum: damru, dhol, tabla, dagga (M);
pakhwaj, mridang (M).
Drumstick (food): shewga (M).
dry: suke; korde; wallele; ruksh.
*dry: (I) suk-; wal-.
*dry up: (I) at-; (T) ataw-.
Duck: badak (N).
Dues: wargni (F).
dull:
1. (boring) kantalwane.
2. (in color) majid; malkhau.
3. (dull-witted) mandbuddhi, murkh.
dumb:
1. (mute) muke.
2. (doltish) adani; murkh.
Dust: dhul (F); phupata (M).
Duty: kartawya (N).
E (M).
each: pratyek.
each other: ekmek; paraspar.
eager: utsuk
Ear: (hearing) kan (M); (grain) kanis
(N).
earlier (previously): agodar, tyapurwi.
earlier (in a series): adle; -adhiche.
early: lawkar.
*earn: kamaw-; milaw-.
Earnings: milkat (F); utpann (N).
Earth:
1. (planet) prithwi (F); jamin (F);
2. (soil) mati (F).
Earthquake: bhukamp (M).
easily: sahaj.
East: purwa(F).
easy: sope.
*eat: kha-; (eat a meal) jew-.
eccentric: wikshipt.
Eccentricity: wikshiptpana (M).
Eclipse: grahan (N).
economic: arthik.
Economy:
1. (thrift) katkasar (F).
2. arthik paristhiti (F).
Edge:
1. (knife) dhar (F).
2. kad (F); kath (M).
*edit: sampadan kar-.
Editor: sampadak (M).
Edition: awritti (F).
educated: sushikshit.
Education: shikshan (N).
Effect: parinam (M).
efficient: karyaksham.
Effort:
1. yatna, prayatna (M);
2. (strenuous) atapita (M).
effort, without: ayte; sahaj.
Egg: ande (N).
Eggplant: wange (N).
either: (suff) hi; (... or ...) ... kiwa ...
elder: thorle.
elderly: wayask; wayaskar.
*elect: niwad-; niwadun de-.
*elected, to be: niwadun ye-.
Election: niwadnuk (F).
electric: wijeche.
Electric light: wijecha diwa (M); lait
Electrician: wayarman (M).
Electricity: wij (F).
Elephant: hatti (M).
else: dusre.
else, or (otherwise): nahi tar.
else, someone: dusra koni.
Embrace: mithi (F).
*embrace: mithi mar-.
Embroidery: bharatkam (N).
Emotion: bhawna (F).
Emperor: badshaha (M).
Emphasis: jor (M); bhar (M).
*emphasize: jor de-; bhar de-.
Empire: rajya. (N)
Employee: nokar (M).
Employment:
1. kam (N); nokri (F);
2. (daily) rojgar (M).
Emptiness: pokli (F).
empty: rikame; mokle.
*encourage: uttejan de-.
Enemy: shatru (M).
End:
1. shewat (M); akher (F).
2. (point) tok (N).
end (in the end): akher; akheris;
shewti.
end (at the end of):
-shewti; -akher; -chya tokala.
*end (finish): (I) samp-; (T) sampaw-.
engaged: kamat; (phone or taxi)
engejd.
Engagement: sakharpuda (M).
Engine: enjin (N).
Engineer: (not RR) injiniyar (M).
English: ingraji (N).
*enjoy: (R) maja wat-.
*enjoy (to enjoy oneself) maja kar-
/mar-.
Enjoyment: gamat (F); maja (F).
enormous: prachand.
enough: pure; bas; purese; kamapurte.
Enquiry: chaukshi (F).
*enter: shir-; at ja-, prawesh kar-.
Entertainment: karamnuk (F).
Enthusiasm: haus (F); utsah (M).
enthusiastic: utsahi.
entire: sabandh; sampurn.
Entry: prawesh (M); shirkaw (M).
Envelope: pakit (N).
Environment: watawaran, paryawaran
(N).
Environs: parisar (M).
Envy: hewa (M).
*envy: (R) hewa wat-.
equal: sarkhe; -barobar.
equal (of equal standing etc)
barobariche
Equality: barobari (F); samta (F).
*erase: khod-.
Eraser: rabar (N); dastar (M).
especially: wishesh; wisheshtha.
Essay: nibandh (M).
*establish: sthapan kar-.
Estate: istet (F); malmatta (F).
Estimate: andaj (F).
*estimate: andaj kar-.
etcetera: wagaire; ityadi.
even: -suddha, -dekhil; -hi.
even if ... then: jari ... tari.
Evening: sandhyakal (F).
evening (in the eve.): sandhyakali.
evening (this eve.): aj sandhyakali.
Event: ghatna (F).
ever: (in yes/no questions) kadhi.
evergreen: sadaharit; suchiparn.
every: sarwa, sagle; pratyek.
every day: roj, darroj; rojache.
every month: darmahina.
every other day: ek diwasad.
every year: darsal; darwarshi.
Everybody: saglejan, sarwajan (M Pl).
Everyone: sarwa/sagle lok (M Pl).
everything: sagle; sarwa.
everywhere: saglikade, sarwatra.
Evidence: purawa (M).
Examination:
1. pariksha (F).
2. (medical) tapasni (F).
*examine: tapas-; pariksha ghe-.
Example: udaharan (N); (ideal) adarsh
(M).
example (for example): udaharanarth .
excellent: uttam; mast.
except with: -shiway.
excessive: phar; jast; ati.
Excitement: gadbad (F); khalbal (F).
Excreta: gu (N); wishta (F).
Excuse: sabab (F); nimitt (N).
*excuse: maph kar-.
*excuse me: sari!
Exercise: wyayam (M).
*exercise: wyayam kar-.
Exertion: shram (M Pl).
exhausted: damlele; thaklele.
*exhausted, to be: (tired out) dam-;
thak-;.
Exhaustion: thakwa (M); shin (M).
Expansion:
prasaran (N); wistar (M); wadh
(F).
*expect: apeksha kar-.
Expectation: apeksha (F).
Expense: kharch (M).
expensive: mahag; bhari.
Experience: anubhaw (M).
*experience: anubhaw-.
Experiment: prayog (M).
*experiment: prayog kar-.
Expert: tadnya (M).
expert (skilled): patait; kushal; sarait.
expertly: saphaine; saraitpane.
Expiation: parimarjan (N).
Explanation: spashtikaran (N).
Explosion: sphot (M).
Export: niryat (F).
*export: niryat kar-.
exported: niryat.
Express: (train or bus) ekspres (F).
*express: wyakt kar-.
expressed: wyakt.
*extend: wadhaw-; lambaw-.
*extinguish (put out): malaw-.
extra: jada.
Eye: dola (M).
F fat (plump): lathth; dhole; jad.
Face: tond (N); chehara (M).
*face, make a: tond kar-.
Facility:
1. (convenience) soy (F).
2. (ease in performance) saphai (F).
Fact: khari gosht (F); wastusthiti (F).
fact (in fact) khare mhanje.
Factory: karkhana (M).
Factory owner: karkhanadar (M).
*fail: ayashaswi ho-; napas ho-.
Failure: apyash (N).
faint: phikat, phike; aspasht.
*faint: beshuddh pad-.
Fair: jatra (F); mela (M).
fair: (just) nyayy; (pale skin) gore.
Faith: wishwas (M);shraddha (F).
*faith, put (in): wishwas thew-.
*fall: pad-; (crash down) kosal-.
*fall off (sink) gal-, galun pad-.
fallen down: padke.
fallow: padik.
false: khote.
*falter: adakhal-.
familial: kautumbik.
Family: kutumb (F); (joint) ekatra
kutumb.
famous: prasiddh; suprasiddh.
Fan: pankha (M); (admirer) chahata
(M).
far: dur; lamb.
far (how far) kuthparyant; kiti dur,
lamb.
far (as far as): -paryant.
far-fetched: odhuntanun anlele.
far-fetched manner, in a: odhuntanun.
far-reaching: durgami.
Farce: phars (M); tamasha (M).
Fare: (charge) bhade (N); (food) ahar
(M).
Farm: shet (N).
Farm produce: shetmal (M).
Farmer: shetkari (M).
Farming: sheti (F).
*farming, to do: sheti kar-.
Fashion: phæshan (F); paddhat (F).
Fast (abstention from food): upas (M).
fast: jaldi; phataphat; jorat; wegane.
*fasten: law-; basaw-; adakaw-.
Fat: charabi (F).
Fate: daiw (N); nashib (N).
Father: bap, wadil, pita (M).
Father-in-law: sasra (M).
Fatigue: shram (M Pl); shin (M).
Faucet: nal (M).
Fault:
1. chuk (F), dosh (M);
2. khod (F); uniw (F).
fault, at: doshi; apradhi.
faultless: nirdosh.
Favor: marji (F).
favor (in favor of) anukul.
favorite: awadte; ladka.
Fear: bhiti (F); bhay (N).
*fear (something): (R) tyachi bhiti
wat-.
fearful (afraid): bhitre; bhyaylele.
fearless: nirbhay.
fearsome: bhayanak; bhitidayak.
Feast: mejwani (F); jewan (N); parti
(F).
Feather: pis (N).
Feces: gu (N); sandas (M); wishta (F).
*fed up, become: waitag-, kantal-.
Fee: phi (F); shulk (N).
*feel: (R) wat-, bhas-.
*feel afraid: (R) ghabar-, bhiti wat-.
*feel bad (about ...): (R) wait wat-.
*feel cold: (R) thandi waj-.
* feel hungry, thirsty:(R) bhuk/tahan
lag-.
Feeling: bhawna (F).
Felicitation: abhinandan (N).
Female: madi, stri (F).
Fennel: (N) badishep.
Fenugreek:
1. methi bhaji (F).
2. (seeds) methi dane (M).
fertile: supik; kasadar.
Fertilizer: khat (N).
Festival: san (M); utsaw (M).
Fever: tap (M).
*fever, to get a: (R) tap ye-.
few (a few): thode.
Field: shet (N), wawar (N); maidan Flesh: mãs (N).
(N). flexible: lawchik.
Fig: anjir (M). Flight: uddan (N).
Fight/fighting: maramari (F); ladha *float: tarang-.
(M). Flood: pur (M).
*fight: marmari kar-; ladha de-, ladh- Floor: jamin (F); (tiled) pharshi (F).
*fill: (I) bhar-; (T) bharaw-. Flour:
Filth: ghan (F); mal (M). 1. (general) pith (N).
filthy: ghan; ghanerde. 2. (wheat) kanik (F), maida (M); ata
final: shewatche; akherche. (M).
finally: shewti; akher. Flow: prawah (M).
financial: arthik; sampattik. *flow: wah-.
*find: (R) sapad-; adhal-, adhalun ye-. Flower: phul (N); pushpa (N).
*find out: shodhun kadh-. *flower: phul-.
Fine (penalty): dand (M). Flu: phlyu (M).
fine: (small) barik; (in texture) talam. fluent: saphaidar.
Finger: bot (N). fluently: askhalit; saphaidarpane.
Fingernail: (N) nakh. Fly: (insect) mashi (F).
*finish: sampaw-; purn kar-; urak-; *fly: (I) ud-; (T) udaw-.
atap-. Foam: phes (M).
*finish up: sampawun tak-. *foam: (R) phes ye-.
*finished, be: (I) samp- Focus: kendrabindu (M).
finished, done: sample. *focus: kendrit kar-.
Fire: ag (F); jal (M); wistaw (M). focused: kendrit.
*fire (to dismiss from job): kadhun Fodder: wairan (F); kadba (M).
tak-. Fog: dhuke (N).
*fire, to light a: wistaw ghal-; petaw-. Fold: ghadi (F).
Firecracker: phataka (M). *fold: ghadi kar-, ghadi ghal-.
Firewood: sarpan (N); jalan (N). Folk: lok (M Pl).
firm: ghatt, dridh; pakke, tham. *follow:
firmly: ghatt; nakki; tham. 1. magun ye-/ja-; pathlag kar-.
first: pahile; agodar; adhi; pratham. 2. (advice, orders etc) pramane kar-.
first, at: purwi, suruwatila. following: pudhle;(according to)
First aid: prathamik upchar (M). anusarun
Fish: masa (M). Food: ann, ahar (M); jewan, khane
Fisherman: koli (M); masemar (M). (N).
Fissure: bheg (F). foolish: murkh; wede.
*fit: (I) jul-, bas-; (T) julaw-, basaw-. Foolishness: murkhpana; wedepana.
*fit (as a garment): (R) bas-. Foot: pay (M); paul (N).
*fix: (repair) durust kar-; (decide) Foot (of a hill): (M) paytha.
tharaw-. foot (on foot): payi.
*fixed, to be: (I) durust ho-; thar-. for: -sathi, -karita/-karata.
Flag: jhenda (M); dhwaj (M). Force:
Flame: jwala (F). 1. shakti (F); bal (N), jor (M);
Flashlight: (F) bætri. 2. jabardasti (F).
Flat: (tire) pankchar (N). *force: lad-; (to do, etc) karayla law-.
flat (level): sapat. forced (in a f. manner): odhuntanun.
*flat tire, to fix a: pankchar kadh-. Forehead: tapal (N).
Flaxseed (linseed): jawas (M). foreign: parakiy; wideshi, paradeshi.
“edible” Foreign country: paradesh (M).
Foreman: mukadam (M).
Forest: jangal (N); wan (N).
Forest fire, range fire: wanwa (M).
*forget: wisar-.
*forgive: maph kar-; kshama kar-.
Forgiveness: kshama (F).
Fork:
1. (eating utensil) kata (M).
2. (in a tree) belke, bechke (N).
3. (in a road) phata (M).
fork, for a road to: phata phut-.
Form:
1. akar (M); akriti (F); rup (N).
2. (document) pharm (M).
*form: (to shape) akar de-; ghadaw-.
formal: aupcharik.
Fort: killi (M); (hill fort) gad (M).
Fortnight: pandhrawda (M).
fortunately: nashibane.
Fortune:
1. (fate) nashib (N); daiw (N).
2. (future) bhawishya (N).
3. (wealth) sampatti (F).
*found (establish): sthapan kar-.
*found, be: sapad-.
Foundation: paya (M); adhar (M).
four (of persons): chaughe.
fourth: chauthe.
fourth (1/4): paw; (1/4 of pie etc)
chatkor.
Frame: chaukat (F).
frank: manmokla; spasht.
free:
1. (unhampered) mokle.
2. (independent) swatantra.
3. (no charge) mophat; phukat.
*free: sodaw-.
Free time: sawad (F).
Freedom:
swatantrya (N); mubha, moklik
(F).
freely: moklepanane.
French beans: phansi sheng (F).
fresh: taje.
*freshen up: (I) fresh ho-.
fried: tallele.
Friend: mitra (M), maitrin (F); dost
(M).
friendly: maitripurn.
frightened: ghabarlele; bhyaylele.
*frightened, to become: ghabar-; bhi-.
Frock: phrak (M); jhaga (M).
from: -hun, -un/tun, -pasun, -kadun.
from above, over: -warun.
from inside: -atun.
front: samorche.
front (in front of): samor; -samor.
Fruit: phal (N).
Fruitvender: phalwala (M).
*fry (deep-fry): tal-.
Function: (ceremony) samarambh (M).
*function: (run) chal-.
functioning, going: chalu.
Fuel: jalan (N); indhan (N).
-ful: (suff) bhar.
full: bharlele.
Fun: maja (F); gammat (F).
*fun, to have: maja mar-; (R) maja ye-
.
funny: majeshir; (odd) chamatkarik.
Furniture: pharnichar (N).
Future: bhawishya (N); bhawishyakal
(M).
G
Gain: phayda (M); labh (M).
*gain: (T) milaw-; (R) mil-.
Game: (sport) khel (M); (quarry)
shikar (F)
Gang: toli (F).
Garage: gærej (N); warkshap (N).
Garbage: kachra (M); ker (M).
Garden: bag (F).
Gardener: mali (M).
Gardening: bagkam (N).
*gargle: gulnya kar-.
Garland:
1. har (M);
2. (flowers in hair) weni (F); gajra
(M).
Garlic: lasun (F,M).
Garnish (chutney): chatni.
Gas: wayu (M); (cooking) gæs (M).
Gas station: (M) petrol pamp.
Gasoline: petrol (M).
Gate: phatak (N); (town-) wes (F).
*gather: (T) gola kar-; jamaw-.
*gather (I) gola ho-; jam-
gaudy: bhadak.
general: samanya; sadharan.
generally: sadharanpane;
samanyapane.
generally (not generally): sahasa nahi..
Generation: pidhi (F).
generous: udar.
gentle: saumya; komal; haluwar;
mand.
Gentleman: grihasth (M).
gentlemanly: sabhya.
gently: haluwarpane; algad.
genuine: assal; khare.
Geography: bhugol (M).
Gesturing (w. arms, hands) hatware (M
Pl)
*gesture: hatware kar-.
*get: (R) mil-; (T) milaw-; (take) ghe-.
*get around: hind-; phir-.
*get down/out: utar-
*get up: (I) uth-; (T) uthaw-.
Ghee (clarified butter): tup (N); ghi
(N).
Ghost: bhut (N).
Giant: rakshas (M).
Gift: bakshis (N); bhet (F).
Ginger: (green) ardrak (M); (root) ale
(N).
Girl: mulgi (F); por, porgi (F).
*give: de-.
Give and take: dewghew (F).
*give back: parat de-.
*give up: sodun de-.
Glance: najar (F); drishti (F).
*glance: bagh-; pah-.
Glass: kach (F); (tumbler) glas, pela
(M).
glass, made of: kacheche.
Glasses: chashma (M).
Glue: dink (M).
*go: ja-.
*go back (return): parat ja-.
*go out: baher ja-/pad-.
Goat: bakra, bokad (M); bakri, sheli
(F).
*gobble up: khaun tak-.
God: dew (F); ishwar, parameshwar
(M).
*God knows: dew jane.
Goddess: dewi (F).
Gold: sone (N).
-golden: soneri; (of gold) sonyache.
Goldsmith: sonar (M).
Golf: (M) galph.
Good: (benefit) hit (N); kalyan (N).
good: changle; bare; bhale; sajjan.
Good God: bapre!
good-looking: sundar; dekhne.
Good luck: sudaiw (N).
Goodies: khau (M).
Goods: mal (M); saman (N).
Government: sarkar (N); shasan (N).
governmental: sarkari.
Grade:
1. (quality) prat, pratwari (F); darja
(M).
2. (class) iyatta (F).
gradually: haluhalu; kramakramane.
Grain:
1. dhanya (N); (individual grain)
dana (M).
2. (particle) kan (M).
Grammar: wyakaran (N).
Grandchild: natwand (N).
Granddaughter: nat (F).
Grandfather: ajoba (M).
Grandmother: aji (F).
Grandson: natu (M).
Grant: denagi; (F) grænt (F).
granted: grihit.
*granted, to take for: grihit dhar-.
Grape: draksh (N).
*grasp: dhar-; pakad-.
Grass: gawat (N).
*grate: kis-.
grave (serious): gambhir; siriyas.
Gravel: khadi (F); (sand) walu (F).
Gravity: (attitude) gambhirpana (F).
gray: rakhi; karade.
*graze: (I) char-; (T) char-.
great: (big) mothe; (illustrious) mahan.
Greed: lobh (M); hawratpana (M).
greedy: lobhi; hawrat.
green:
1. (color) hirwe; parwe; popati.
2. (unripe) kachche; hirwe.
3. (inexperienced)
nawkhe;ananubhawi.
Green gourd: dudhi bhopla (M).
Green onion: hirwa kanda (M).
Green pea: hirwa watana (F).
Green pepper:
 1. hirwi mirchi (F).
2. (capsicum) bhopli mirchi (F).
*grew up: mothe jhale; wadhle.
Grief: duhakh (N).
*grieve: duhakh kar-; shok kar-.
Grill (screen): jali (F).
*grind: dal-; wat-.
*groan: wiwhal-.
Groceries (exc. fresh produce): kirana
(M).
Ground: jamin (F); (sports) maidan
(N).
Group: gat (M); grup (M); mandal
(N).
*grow: (I) wadh-; (as a crop) pik-.
*grow: (T) wadhaw-; (crop) pikaw-;
law-.
grown-up: mothe.
Growth: wadh (F).
Guarantee: hami (F); gæranti (F).
Guard: paharekari (M); wachman (M).
*guard: rakh-; rakhan kar-.
Guarding: rakhan (F).
Guava: peru (M).
Guess: andaj (M); tark (M); anuman
(N).
*guess: andaj kar-; kalpna kar; olakh-.
Guest: pahuna (M).
Guidance: margdarshan (N).
Guide: watadya (M).
*guide: margdarshan kar-.
Guilt: apradh (M).
guilty: apradhi; doshi.
Gulp: ghutka (M); ghot (M).
*gulp: gil-; (to take a gulp) ghot ghe-.
Gum (glue): dink (M).
Gun: banduk (F); pistul (F).
Guts: himant (F).
Gymnasium: talim (F); wyayamshala
(F).
H Head man (of village): patil (M).
Habit: saway (F).
*habit (for habit to form): (R) saway
lag-.
Hair: (a hair) kes (M).
*hair, to do one’s: weniphani kar-.
half: ardhe; nimme.
half, one & one- (1-1/2): did.
half-done: ardhawat.
Hall (large room): hal (M);
diwankhana (M).
*halt: thamb-; (stay) utar-.
Hamlet: wadi (F).
Hammer: hatodi (F).
Hand: hat (M).
handful: muthbhar; onjalbhar.
Handkerchief: (M) rumal.
Handle: danda (M); muth (F); hændal
(N).
*handle: hatal-.
handsome: dekhne; sundar.
Handwriting: akshar (N); hastakshar
(N).
*hang: tang-; (execution) phashi de-.
*hanged, to be: phashi ja-.
*happen: (I) ho-; ghad-.
Happiness: anand (M); sukh (N).
happy: anandi; sukhi.
*harass: chhal-; tras de-.
*harassment: chhal.
Harbor: bandar (N).
hard: kathin; awghad.
hard (forcefully): jorat, jorane.
hardworking: kashtalu; kamasu.
harmful: ghatak.
harmless: ahimsa.
Harshness: kathorpana (M).
Harvest: pik (N); kapni, todni kadhni
(F).
*harvest: tod-; kap-; kadh-.
Harvest season: sugi (F).
Haste: ghai (F); gadbad (F).
Hat: topi (F); hæt (F).
*hate: dwesh kar-.
Hatred: dwesh (M).
*have: (R) as-.
Head:
1. (skull/brain) doke (N).
2. (chief) nayak (M).
Health:
1. (of individuals) prakriti. (F);
2. (in general) arogya (N).
healthy: sashakta; nirogi.
Heap: dhig (M); dhigara (M).
*hear: aik-; aiku ye-.
Heart: hriday (N); man (N).
Heat: ushnata (F); ukada (M).
*heat: (I) tap-; (T) tapaw-.
Heater: (M) hitar.
Heater, water: bamb (M).
Heaven: swarg (M).
heavens: bapre!
heavy: jad; bojad; awjad.
heavy (rain): musaldhar.
Height: unchi (F).
Hell: narak (M).
Help: madat (F); hatbhar (M).
*help: madat kar-; hatbhar law-.
Helper: madatnis (M).
helpless: agatik; asahayy.
Hen: kombdi (F).
here: ithe; (this way: hither) ikde.
here, from: ithun; ikdun; ithapasun.
here, up to: ithaparyant.
here and there: madhunmadhun.
hereditary: (genetic) anuwanshik.
Hermitage: ashram (M); math (M).
Hero:
1. (brave man) wir (M);
2. (of a story) nayak (M).
Heroine: (of a story) nayika (F).
*hesitate: pudhe mage kar-.
Hiccough: uchki (F).
*hide: (I) lap-, dad-; (T) lapaw-,
dadaw-.
high: unch; (-priced) mahag, bhari.
higher (education): uchch.
Hill: tekdi (F); (big) dongar (M).
Himalayas: himalay (M); himgiri (M).
Hindi (language): hindi (N).
hindu: hindu.
Hint: suchna (F).
*hint: suchaw-; suchit kar-.
*hire: kamawar ghe-; nokri de-.
historical: aitihasik.
History: itihas (M).
*hit: mar-.
Hoarding: sathebaji (F).
Hobby: chhand (M); nad (M).
*hold, hold on to: dhar-; pakad-.
Hole: bhok (N); bil (N); (pit) khadda
(M).
Holiday:
(festival) san (M); (vacation) sutti
(F).
hollow: pokle.
holy: pawitra.
Home: ghar (N); (at/to home) ghari.
*home, to go: ghari ja-.
honest: pramanik.
Honey: madh (M).
Honor: man (M); sanman (M); abru
(F).
*honor: man de-.
Hoodlum, hooligan: gund (M).
Hook: khunti; huk.
Hooliganism: gundgiri (F).
Hope: asha (F).
*hope: asha kar-; (R) asha wat-.
*hope, cherish: balag-.
hopeful: ashadayak.
horizontal: adwe.
Horn: (animal) shing (N); (vehicle)
harn (M).
Horoscope: patrika (F); kundli (F).
Horse: ghoda (M).
*horse, to ride a: ghodyawar bas-.
Hospital: haspital (N).
Host: yajman (M).
Hostel: bording, hastel (N); wastigrih
(N).
hot: garam; ushna; (pungent) tikhat.
*hot, to feel: (R) ukad-.
*hot, to get: (I) tap-; garam ho-.
*hot, to make: (T) tapaw-.
Hot season: unhala (M).
Hotel (restaurant): hotel, upahargrih
(N).
Hour: tas (M); ghanta (M).
hour (at the hour of): wajta.
House: ghar (N); bangla (M); (big)
wada (M).
Housewife: grihini (F).
Housework: gharache kam, gharkam
(N).
how: kase., kontya ritine.
how big/small: kewdhe.
how come (why): kashane, kashamule.
how do you do: kase kay (challe).
how many/few: kiti.
how much: kiti, kewdhe.
how much is it? kewdhyale ghetle?
however: matra; parantu; tathapi.
huge: prachand.
human: manwi.
Human being: manus (M); manaw
(M).
Human race: manawjat (F).
Humanities: arts (N).
humid: damat.
Humidity: olawa (M); damatpana (M).
Humor: winod (M).
humor, in good: khushit.
humorous: winodi.
hundred: (100) shambhar.
hundred (with preceding numeral): -
she.
hundred, group of (per hundred):
shekda.
hundreds: shekdo.
Hunger: bhuk (F).
hungry: bhuklele.
*hungry, to feel: (R) bhuk lag-.
Hunt: shikar (F).
*hunt: shikar kar-.
Hunter: shikari (M).
Hurly burly: dhumdhadaka (M).
Hurry: ghai (F); gadbad (F).
*hurry: ghai kar-
*hurry, to be in a: ghai as-; (R) ghait
as-.
*hurt: (I) dukh-; (T) dukhaw-, dukh
de-.
*hurt, to be (as accident): (R) lag-.
Husband: nawra, pati, mistar (M).
Hut: jhopdi (F); khopat (N); khop (F).
hypocritical: bhondu.
I inauspicious: ashubh.
Ice: barph (N).
Ice cream: aiskrim (N).
Idea: kalpna (F); wichar (M).
idiotic: murkh.
Idol: murti (F).
if: jar (if ... then: jar ... tar).
*ignite: (I) pet-; (T) petaw-.
ignorant: adani.
*ignore: durlaksh kar-.
ill: ajari; (seriously ill) siriyas.
Illness: ajar (M); dukhne (N).
Image:
1. murti (F).
2. (reflection) pratibimb (N).
3. (idea) kalpna (F).
4. (likeness) pratima.
imaginary: kalpnik.
Imagination: kalpnashakti (F).
*imagine: kalpna kar-.
Imitation: (mimicry) nakkal (F).
imitation: (bogus) nakli; khote.
immediately: tabadtob; lagech; tatdine.
immediately after: -pathopath.
immense: prachand.
*immerse: budaw-.
*immersed, to be: bud-.
Impetus: prerna (F).
Implement (tool): awjar (N); hatyar
(N).
Import: ayat (F).
*import: ayat kar-.
Importance: mahattwa (N).
*importance, to give: mahattwa de-.
important: mahattwache; mothe.
imported: ayat.
*impose: lad-.
impossible: ashakya.
*impress: chhap pad-; sangun thew-.
Impression:
1. chhap (F); parinam (M).
2. (lasting) sanskar (M).
*improve: sudhar-.
Improvement: sudharna (F).
impure: ashuddh; bhesal kelele.
Impurity: ashuddhata (F); bhesal (F).
in: at; -at/t, -madhe, -madhye (written).
in that: tyat.
Inauguration: udghatan (N).
*inaugurate: udghatan kar-.
Incantation: mantra (M).
Incense:
1. ud (M); dhup (M);
2. (stick) udbatti, agarbatti (F).
Inch: inch (N).
Incident: ghatna (F).
Inclination: kal (M).
*incline: kal-.
*include: samawesh/samawisht kar-.
Income: utpann (N); milkat (F); prapti
(F).
Inconvenience: gairsoy (F); adachan
(F).
inconvenient: gairsoyache.
incorrect: chukiche.
Increase: wadh (F).
*increase: (I) wadh-; (T) wadhaw-.
indefinite: anishchit; mogham.
indefinitely: mogham.
Independence: swatantrya (N).
independent: swatantra.
India: bharat (M); hindustan (M).
Individual:
wyakti (F); manus (M, N in Pl);
asami (M).
individual: waiyaktik.
*indulge: lad kar-.
Indulgence: lad (M Pl).
industrial: audyogik.
Industrialist: udyogpati, karkhandar
(M).
industrious: udyogi, mehnati.
Industry: udyog (M).
infectious: sansargik.
inferior: kami pratiche; gachal.
Influence:
1. (effect) prabhaw (M).
2. (personal inf.) wajan (N); washila
(M).
*inform: kalaw-.
informal: anaupacharik.
Information: mahiti (F).
Injection: injekshan (N).
Injustice: anyay (M).
Ink: shai (F).
inland: antardeshiy.
Inlet (of the sea) khadi (F).
inner: atil.
innocent: nishpap; nirdosh; nirparadh.
*inquire: chaukshi kar-; wichar-.
Inquiry: chaukshi (F); wicharna (F).
Insect: khida (M); kitak (M); (worm)
ali (F).
Insecticide: kitaknashak (N).
inside: at, atmadhe; -at/t, -madhe.
Insistence: agrah (M).
*insist: agrah kar-; thasun sang-
Inspection: pahni (F); tapasni (F).
Inspiration: prerna (F); sphurti (F).
*install: basaw-.
Installment: hapta (M).
instead of: -aiwaji.
Institution: sanstha (F).
Instrument:
1. shastra, hatyar, upkaran, sadhan
(N).
2. (musical) wadya (N).
Insult: apman (M).
*insult: upman kar-.
Intellect: buddhi (F).
intellectual: bauddhik.
Intelligence: buddhi (F); (brain) doke
(N).
intelligent: hushar; dokebaj;
buddhiwan.
intense: tiwra.
Intensity: tiwrata (F).
Intention: bet (M); uddesh (M).
intentionally: muddam; buddhya.
Interest:
(liking) ras (M); (premium) wyaj
(N).
*interest, to take: ras ghe-.
interest, at: wyaji.
interesting: manoranjak;
manowedhak.
*interfere: (I) madhe pad-.
*interfere: (T) dhawladhawal kar-.
Interpreter: dubhashya (M).
Interruption: wyatyay (M).
*interrupt: wyatyay an-; madhe bol-.
Intersection: (of streets) chauk (M).
interval, in the: darmyan.
Interview: mulakhat (F).
*interview: mulakhat ghe-.
intimate: jawalche; ghanisht.
*introduce: olakh karun de-.
inured: nirdhawlele.
*inured, to be: nirdhaw-.
Invasion: akraman (N).
*invade: akraman kar-.
*invest: guntaw-.
Investment: guntawnuk (F).
*invite: bolaw-; amantran de-.
Invitation: amantran, nimantran (N).
irascible: ragit.
Iron: (Ferrum) loh, lokhand (N);
Iron (appliance) istri (F).
iron, made of: lokhandi.
*iron clothes: istri kar-.
irresponsible: bejababdar.
*irrigate: bhijaw-; pani de-.
irrigated (under irrigation): bagait.
*irrigated, to be: bhij-.
*irritated, to be: chid-.
Island: bet (N).
Itch: khaj (F); kand (F).
itself: swadd.
itself (by itself): apoap; apsukh.
J
Jaggery: gul (M). *kill: mar-; thar kar-, thar mar-.
Jail: (M) jel. *killed, to be: thar ho-.
Jar: barni (F); batli (F). Killing: hatya, himsa (F); himsachar
Jaw: jabda (M). (M).
jealous: matsari. Kiln: bhatti (F).
*jealous, to feel: (R) matsar wat-. Kilogram: kilo (M).
Jealousy: matsar (M). kind: (sort) prakar; jat; tarha.
*jeer: tar udaw-; upahas kar-. kind (kindly): dayalu.
Jerk: hisaka (M). kind, of a: tarheche; prakarche.
*jerk: hisak-. kind (what kind of): kase, kasle.
Jewelry: King: raja (M).
1. dagdagine (M Pl); Kingdom: rajya (N).
2. (piece of) dagina, dag (M). Kiss:
Job: kam (N), nokri (F). 1. chumban (N); muka (M);
*job, hold a: nokri kar-. 2. (childish) papa (M); papi (F).
*join: (I) mil-; samil ho-. *kiss: chumban ghe-; papa/papi ghe-.
*join together: (T) jod-. Kitchen: saipakghar (N).
Joint: sandha (M). Kite: patang (M); (bird) ghar (F).
Joke: winod (M); maskari (F). *kite, to fly a: patang udaw-.
*joke: winod kar-. *knead: mal-.
Jolt: dhakka (M). Knee: gudgha (M).
Journey: (M) prawas. knew: kalle.
Jowar: jwari (F); jondhla (M); shalu Knife:
(M). 1. (pocket) chaku (M);
Joy: anand (M); harsh (M). 2. (kitchen) sura (M), suri (F).
Judge: nyayadhish (M); nyaymurti Knock: thap (F).
(M). *knock on a dar: darawar thap mar-.
Judgement: nirnay; nikal. Knot: gath (F).
Juice: ras (M). *knot: gath mar-.
Jump: udi (F). *know: (T) jan-.
*jump: udi mar-. *know: (R) mahit as-, thauk as-, kal-.
Jungle: jangal (N). *know by sight (recognize): (R) olakh-
junior: kanisht. .
just: Knowledge:
1. (fair) nyayy; (of a person) nyayi. 1. (learning) dnyan (N); widya (F);
2. (only) phakta; nuste. 2. (information) mahiti (F); olakh
just now: atta; atach. (F).
just recently: nukte. known: mahit; thauk.
Justice: nyay (M). L
K Labor: kam (N); shram, kasht (M Pl).
*keep: thew-; rakh-; thewun de-. *labor: kam kar-; shram/kasht kar-.
*keep on -ing: -un rah-. Laborer: gadi (M); bai (F); kamgar
*keep a pet: pal-. (M).
Kerosene: rakel (N). Lack: abhaw (M); uniw (F); kamtarta
Kettle: kitli (F). (F).
Key: chawi (F); killi (F). Ladder: shidi (F).
Khadi: khadi (F). Ladle: pali (F).
Kick: lath (F). Lady: stri (F).
*kick: lath mar-. Lake talaw (M); tala (N); sarowar (N).
*kidnap: palaw-; palawun ne-. lakh (one hundred thousand): lakh.
lame: langde; apang. left over: urlele.
Lamp: diwa (M). *left over, to be: ur-; shillak rah-.
Land: jamin (F); sheti (F); bhumi (F). leftwards: dawya bajula; dawikade.
Lane: galli (F); ali (F); patti (F). Leg: pay (M).
Language: bhasha (F). legal: kaydeshir.
Lap: mandi (F). Leisure: sawad (F).
large: mothe; (huge) wishal. Leisure time: phawla wel (M).
last: gele; magche; (final) shewtche. Lemon: limbu (N).
*last: tik-, pur-. Lemonade: limbache sarbat (N).
late: ushira; let. *lend: usne de-.
*late, to be: (R) ushir ho-. Length: lambi (F).
lateness: ushir. *lengthen: lambaw-.
later: nantar; magun. Leopard: biblya (M); bibla wagh (M).
Laugh: hasya (N). Leper: kushtrogi (M).
*laugh: has-. less: kami.
laughable: hasyaspad. *lessen: kami ho-.
Laundryman: dhobi (M). Lesson:
Law: kayda (M). 1. dhada (M);
lawful: kaydeshir (unlawful: bekayda). 2. (study) abhyas (M), path (M).
Lawn: hirwal (F). *let (permit): parwangi de-
Lawsuit: khatla (M); dawa (M). *let it go: jau de-, sodun de-.
Lawyer: wakil (M). *let me know: mala kalaw-.
Laxative: julab (M). Letter: patra (N).
*lay out: mand-; thew-. Level: patli (F); payri (F); sapati (F).
Layer: thar (M). level (flat): sapat.
Lead (metal): shise (N). Liberation (final): moksh (M); nirwan
*lead: ne-; netritwa kar-. (N).
Leadership: netritwa (N). Library: laybrari (F), granthalay (N).
Leader: neta (M); pudhari (M). License
Leaf: 1. (permission): parawana (M);
1. pan (N); 2. laysens (M).
2. (leaves) pala (M); (fallen) pachola *lick: chat-
(M). Lid: jhakan (N).
*leak: gal-. *lie: khote bol-.
Leap: jhep (F); udi (F). *lie down: nij-, pad-; kaland-; jhop-.
*leap: udi mar-; jhep ghe-; jhepaw-. Life:
*learn: shik-; atmasat kar-; (R) kal-. 1. jiwan (N); (lifespan) ayushya (N);
learned: widwan. 2. (living matter) jiw, pran (M).
Learned man: pandit (M). Life, worldly: samsar (M); prapanch
Learning: dnyan (N). (M).
Leather: chamade (N); katade (N). Lifestyle: rahni (F).
leathery: chamat. *lift: uchal-.
Leave (leave of absence, etc): raja (F). Light:
*leave: (I) ja-, nighun ja-; (T) sod-. 1. (illumination) ujed (M); prakash
*leave (set out): (I) nigh-. (M).
*leave (of a train etc): sut-. 2. (sunlight) un (N).
Leavings (of food) ushte (N). 3. (lamp) diwa (M); lait (M).
Lecture: wyakhyan (N); lekchar (N). light (pale color): phikke; phikat.
left: (direction) dawe; (remaining) light, lightly: halke, halkech.
shillak. light: (rain) jhimjhim.
*light a lamp: diwa law-.
Lightning: wij (F).
lightweight: halke.
like: -sarkhe, -pramane.
like that: tase; tyapramane.
like this: ase; hyapramane, asha ritine.
*like: (R) awad-, ruch-, pasant as-.
liked: pasant.
Liking: haus (F); awad (F).
Lime: limbu (N).
Limit: maryada (F); hadd (F).
*limit: maryadet thew-.
limited: maryadet; maphak.
limited extent, to a: maphak pramanat.
Limits (as of a town): hadd (F).
limp: (flaccid) wiswishit.
*limp, walk with a: langad-.
Line:
1. regh (F); resh (F).
2. (queue) rang (F).
3. (of business etc) lain (F).
lined: (ruled) akhiw; (wrinkled)
surkutlele.
Lion: simha (M).
Lip: oth (M).
Liquid: draw (M).
Liquor: daru (F).
List: yadi (F); suchi (F).
*listen: aik-.
Listener: aiknare (N); shrota (M).
Liter: litar (M).
Literacy: saksharata.
literate: sakshar.
Literature: sahitya (N); wadmay (N).
Litter (animals): win (F).
*litter, to bear a: wi-.
little:
1. (small, young) lahan; chhote.
2. (small amount) thode; jarese.
little, just a: thodese.
little, too: kami.
live (alive): jiwant.
*live: (to be alive) jag-; (stay) rah-.
Livelihood: nirwah (M).
Load: ojhe (N); boja (M); bhar (M).
*load: bhar-; chadhaw-; lad-.
Loaf (of bread): paw (M); bred (M,F).
Loan: usne (N), karj (N).
*loan: karj de-; usne de-.
*loan, to take out a: karj kadh-.
local: sthanik; deshi.
Lock: kulup (N).
*lock: kulup law-; kulup ghal-.
Lodge: laj (N).
lonely: ekte; ekaki; (desolate) nirjan.
*lonely, to feel: (R) ekte wat-.
long: lamb; (time) dirgh.
long (-long): -bhar.
long, too: jast, phar wel.
*long for: asus-.
longterm: dirghkalache.
*look:
1. (look at) bagh-; pah-.
2. (look for) shodh-.
3. (appear to) (R) dis-.
Looks (appearance): rup (N).
Loom: mag (M); (handloom) hatmag
(M).
loose:
1. sail; dhile.
2. (baggy) dhagal.
3. (disconnected) sute.
Loose change: mod (F); sute paise (M
Pl).
*loosen (come loose): nisat-; sail ho-.
Loot: lut (F).
*loot: lut-.
Lorry: lari (F); trak (M).
*lose: (I) muk-; (T) haraw-, har-.
Loss: tota (M); nuksan (N).
*lost, to be: (R) haraw-.
lots of: barech; pushkal; khup; phar,
lai..
loud: mothe.
loudly: mothyane; jorane, jorat.
Louse: u (F).
Love: prem (N); maya (F).
*love: prem kar-; maya kar-.
Lover: premkar (M), preyasi (F).
loving: premal; mayalu.
low:
1. (in status) khalchya darjache.
2. (low-lying) sakhal.
3. (in intensity or volume) mand.
4. (of price) kami.
5. (in height) thengne; baithe.
6. (without dignity) lachar.
lower: khalche.
*lower: kami kar-; khali kar-; khali
sod-.
*lower (the fire) dhima kar-.
loyal: wishwasu; imani.
Luck: nashib (N); bhagya (N).
lucky: nashibwan; bhagyawan.
Luggage: saman (N).
Lump: gola (M); gath (F).
Lunch:
duparche jewan (N); (packed) daba
(M).
Luster: tej (N).
lustrous: tejaswi.
Luxury: chain (F); chhanchhoki (F).
M *marketing, to do: bajar kar-.
Mace: jaypatri (F).
Machine: yantra (N).
mad: wede.
made: banawlele; banlele.
Madness: wed (N).
Magazine: (monthly) masik (N).
Magic: jadu (F).
Maharashtra: maharashtra (M).
maharashtrian: marathi; maharashtriy.
Maidservant: molkarin (F).
Mail: dak (F); tapal (N).
*mail: postat tak-.
main: mukhya; pramukh.
mainly: mukhyatha; pramukhyane.
Maize: maka (M,F).
major: mukhya.
Majority: bahumat (N).
majority of (most): bahutek.
*make: kar-; banaw-;(create) nirman
kar-
*make (cause to): law-.
*make: (get done) karun ghe-
*make: (prepare) tayar kar-.
Male: purush (M); nar (M).
Man: manus (M; N in Pl); purush (M).
Manager: mænejar, wyawasthapak
(M).
Mango: amba (M); (green) kairi (F).
Manner: paddhat (F); rit (F); tarha (F).
Manners: shishtachar (M); mænars (M
Pl).
Manual labor: majuri (F); molmajuri
(F).
Manufacture: utpadan (N).
*manufacture: banaw-; utpadan kar-.
Manure: khat (N); shenkhat (N).
Manuscript: hastlikhit (N).
many: pushkal; khup; anek/kityek;
barech.
many (how many): kiti.
many times: pushkalda, pushkal wela.
Map: nakasha (M).
Marathi (language): marathi (N).
Marble: (plaything) goti (F).
Mark: (sign) khun (F); chinha (N).
Market: bajar (M); (vegetable) mandai
(F).
Market area: (F) bajarpeth.
Marketing: bajar (M).
Marriage: lagna (N); wiwah (M).
married: wiwahit.
*marry: lagna kar-.
*married, get: lagna ho-.
Mason: (M) gawandi.
Massacre: kattal (F).
*massacre: kattal kar-.
Master: mastar (M); swami (M);
malak (M).
Masur:
1. (black lentil): akha (whole) masur
(M).
2. dal (split skinless): masurachi dal
(F).
Match:
1. (sports) mæch (F); samna (M);
2. (lighting) kadi (F).
*match: (I) jul-; (T) julaw-
Matchbox: kadyapeti (F); agpeti (F).
Material (cloth): (N) kapad.
Materials: saman (N); sahitya (N); mal
(M).
Mathematics: ganit (N).
Matter: gosht (F); babat (F); prakaran
(N).
Matter: mamla (M); padarth (M).
Mattress: bichhana (M), gadi (F).
mature: (adult) praudh; pragalbh.
maybe: kadachit.
Meal: jewan (N).
*meal, to prepare: saipak kar-.
Meaning: arth (M); ashay (M).
meaningful: arthpurn.
meaningless: nirarthak.
Means: sadhan (N).
means (that is): mhanje.
meanwhile: darmyan.
meanwhile (in the m.): madhyantari.
*measure: map ghe-; (count) moj-.
Measure(ment): map (N).
Meat: matan (N); mãs (N).
Meat-eating: masahar (M).
Mechanic: mekænik (M).
medical: waidyakiy.
Medicine: aushadh (N).
*meditate: dhyan kar-.
Meditation: dhyan (N).
Meet: (sports) spardha (F Pl).
*meet (accidentally): gath ghe-; gath
pad-.
*meet: (deliberately) bhet-; bhet kar-.
Meeting:
1. baithak (F); sabha (F); miting (F).
2. (encounter) gath (F); bhet (F).
*melt: wital-.; paghal-.
Member: sabhasad, sadasya, ghatak
(M).
Membrane: padda (M).
*memorize: path kar-.; tondpath kar-.
Memory:
1. (recollection) athawn (F).
2. (retentive ability) smaranshakti
(F).
*mend: durust kar-.
Mention: ullekh (M).
*mention: ullekh kar-.
Menu: bet (M); menyu (M).
Merchant: wyapari (M).
Merit: gunwatta (F); (religious) punya
(N).
Mess (dining hall): mes (F).
Message: nirop (M); sandesh (M).
Meter: mitar (M).
Metal: dhatu (M).
Method: paddhat (F); tarha (F); rit (F).
methodical: paddhatshir.
middle: madhya; (in the middle)
madhe.
middle (in the m.): -madhe; -madhun.
midnight: madhyaratra.
mild: saumya; kowle; mand.
Mile: mail (M).
Milk: dudh (N).
Milkman: dudhwala (M), gawali (M).
Mill: girni (F); chakki (F); dhane (N).
Millet (pearl): bajri (F).
Millionaire: lakhpati, lakshadhish (M).
Mind: man; (state of) manasthiti (F).
*mind (pay heed): laksh de-; aikun
ghe-.
Mine (gold-, coal-, etc): khan (F).
Minister: mantri (M).
minus: une.
Minute: (time) minit (N).
minute: (small) kichkat; sukshma.
Mirror: arsa (M).
miscellaneous: kirkol; awantar;
sankirn.
miserable: duhakhi; bichare; hawaldil.
Misfortune: durdaiw (N); durbhagya
(N).
*miss (fail to catch etc): chuk-; huk-.
*miss an app’t etc: budaw-, wel
chukaw-.
*miss (someone): (konachi) athawn
ye-.
Mist: dhuke (N).
Mistake: chuk (F).
*mistake, to make a: chuk kar-; chuk-.
*mistaken, be: chuk-.
misty: dhusar.
Misunderstanding: gairsamaj (M).
Mixture:
1. mishran (N);
2. (hodgepodge) khichdi (F).
Mixup: ghotala (M).
modern: adhunik; nutan; abhinaw.
modest:
1. (not arrogant) namra; winayashil.
2. (proper, chaste) maryadshil.
Modesty: namrata (F); laj (F).
moist: ole; damat; olsar.
Moisture: ol (F); olawa (M);
damatpana (M).
Molasses (jaggery): gul (M).
Mold: (fungus) burshi (F); (form)
sacha (M).
moldy: buraslele.
*mollify: samajaw-; samajut ghal-.
Moment: kshan (M); ghatak (F).
Monastery: math (M).
Money: paisa (M); (plural) paise.
Moneylender: sawkar (M).
Monkey: makad (N); wanar (M,N).
Monsoon: pawsala (M); mansun (M).
Month: mahina (M); mas (M).
Monthly period: masik pali (F).
Monthly periodical: masik (N).
monthly (every/per month):
darmahina.
Mood: manasthiti (F); mud (M).
Moon: chandra (M); chandoba (M).
Moonlight: chandne (N).
moral: naitik.
Morality: niti (F).
more: ankhi; adhik; jast.
more than: -peksha, -hun.
moreover: shiway; parat.
Morning: sakal (F); (early hours) pahat
(F).
morning (in the morning): sakali.
morning (this morning) aj sakali.
Mosque: mashid (F).
Mosquito: das (M); machchhar (M).
Mosquito net: machchhardani (F).
most: (the majority of) bahutek.
most (at the most): phar tar.
most (whatever) of all: saglyat, sarwat.
most of the time: bahutek weli;
bahudha.
Mother: ai (F); mata, may (F).
Mother-in-law: sasu (F).
Mother tongue: matribhasha, mayboli
(F).
Motive: hetu (M).
Motor car: motar (F).
Motor scooter: (M) skutar.
Motorcycle: phatphati, motarsaykal
(F).
Mountain: dongar (M), parwat (M).
Mountain range: parwat (M).
Mouse: undir (M).
Mouth: tond (N); mukh (N).
Mouthful: ghas (M); (liquid) ghot,
ghutka (M).
*move: (I) hal-, chal-; (T) halaw-.
Movement:
1. (activity) halchal (F).
2. (agitation) andolan (N); chalwal
(F).
Movie: chitrapat, bolpat (M); sinema
(M).
Mr: shri; Mrs: shrimati; Miss: kumari.
much: khup, pushkal, bharpur, barech.
much (about so much): itpat.
much (as much): -itke, -ewdhe.
much (as m.... that m.): jewdhe...
tewdhe
much (for how much): kase;
kewdhyala.
much (how much): kiti; kewdhe.
much (not very m.): pharse/titkese
nahi.
much (so/this much): itke, ewdhe.
much (that much): titke, tewdhe.
much (too much): jast/jasti, phar.
much (very much): atishay.
Mud: chikhal (M).
Mug: (M) mag.
Multiplication: gunakar (M).
*multiply: gun kar-.
Mung bean: akha (whole) mug (M).
Mung dal (split skinless) : mugachi dal
(F).
Murder: khun (M).
*murder: khun kar-.
Muscle: snayu (M).
Museum: myujhiyam (M).
Music: sangit (N).
Music (classical): shastriy sangit.
Musician:
1. (composer) sangitkar (M).
2. (singer) gayak (M); gayika (F).
3. (player of an instrument) wadak
(M).
musical: surel.
Musical note: swar (M); sur (M).
Musical instrument: wadya (N).
Muslim: musalman (M).
Mustard: mohri (F), rai (F).
*mutter: phutphut-.
Mutton (goat/chicken meat): matan
(N).
mutual: paraspar; ekmek.
myself: mi swatha.
mysterious: gudh.
Mystery: rahasya (N).
Mystery story: rahasya katha (F).
N
Nail: (finger/toe) nakh (N); (spike)
khila (M).
Name: naw (N).
1. (given name) swathache naw (N).
2. (surname) adnaw (N).
*name (appoint): nem-.
namely: mhanje; nawache.
Napkin: (M) næpkin. Nirvana: nirwan (N).
narrow: arund. no: nahi; (don’t!) nako/naka; (interj)
Nation: rashtra (N). chhe!
national: rashtriy. nobody: koni nahi.
Native place: (N) gaw. nobody else: dusre koni nahi.
natural: nasargik, swabhawik. *nod: man halaw-; (drowse) peng-.
naturally: sahajik. Noise:
Nature: 1. (sound) awaj (M).
1. (natural world) nisarg (M). 2. (din, racket) gondhal (M); gadbad
2. (essential character) swarup (N). (F).
3. (temperament) swabhaw (M). non-vegetarian: masahari.
naughty (of a child): wede. Non-veg food: nan-whej (N).
near: jawal, -jawal; nearby: jawalche. North: uttar (F).
nearly: bahutek. Nose: nak (N).
neat: nitnetake; wyawasthit. not: nahi; (it’s not that) ase nahi.
neatly: nit; nitnetake; nitnetakepanane. Note:
Neatness: nitnetakepana (M). 1. (message) chiththi (F);
necessary: awshyak. 2. (noting) nond (F).
Neck: man (F); gala (M). 3. (currency): (F) not.
Necklace: mal (F). *note down:
Neckline: gala (M). 1. nond kar-.
Need: jarur (F); garaj (F); awshyakta 2. (take notes) nond ghe-.
(F). Notebook: wahi (F).
*need: (R) jarur as-, garaj as-, lag-. Notes (musical): swar (M); sur (M).
Needle: sui (F). nothing: kahi nahi.
needlessly: nishkaran; winakaran.- Notice: dakhal (F).
negative/negatively: nakararthi. *notice: dakhal ghe-.
Neglect: durlaksh (n); haygay (F). Nourishment:
*neglect: durlaksh kar-; haygay kar-. 1. poshan (N);
Neighbor: shejari (M), shejarin (F). 2. poshak ann (N); poshak ahar (m).
Neighborhood: shejar (M). Novel: kadambri (F).
neighboring: shejarche. now: ata; (just now) atta, itkyat.
neither ... nor: na ... na. now (by now): ewhana.
Nest: gharte (N). now & then: adhunmadhun;
Net: jale (N). kadhikadhi;
never: kadhi nahi. kadhimadhi; madhunmadhun.
nevertheless: tarisuddha/taripan; nowadays: halli; alikade; ajkal.
tathapi nowhere: kuthehi nahi.
new: nawa; nawin. Nuisance: updraw (M); katkat (F).
News: (-item) batmi (F); (gen.) Number:
batmya. 1. akda (M); sankhya (F);
Newspaper: wartmanpatra (N); pepar. 2. (rank) nambar (F).
next Nurse: (F) nars.
1. (coming): pudhche; pudhle; yete. Nutmeg: jayphal (N).
2. (near) shejarche. nutritious: sakas; poshak.
next to (next-door to): -shejari. O
nice: changle; chhan, god. Oar: walhe (N).
Night: ratra (F). Oath: shapath (F).
night (at night): ratri. obedient: adnyadharak.
night (tonight): aj ratri. *obey: adnya pal-, adnya aik-.
Object: (thing) wastu (F); (goal) dhyey *omit: gal-; wagal-; sod-.
(N). omniscient: sarwadnya.
*object: harkat ghe-; akshep ghe-. on: -war.
Objection: harkat (F); akshep (M). once: ekda.
Objective: dhyey (N). once in a while: kwachit.
Obligation: bandhan (N). oneself: swatha.
oblique: tirke. one’s own: swathache.
*observe: pah-; nirikshan kar-. Onion: kanda (M).
Observation: pahani (F), nirikshan (N). only: phakta; kewal; nuste; (alone)
obstinate: hatti. ekte.
*obstruct: adaw-; adthala an-. only child, an (unique): ekulte.
*obstructed, to be: ad-; nad-. open: ughade; khule; manmokle.
*obtain: (R) mil-; (T) milaw-, prapt *open: ughad-.
kar-. Operation: shastrakriya (F); apareshan
*obtained, be: mil-. (N).
Occasion: prasang (M). Opinion:
occasionally: adhunmadhun; 1. mat (N);
kadhikadhi; 2. (diff. of opinion) matbhed (M).
kadhimadhi; madhunmadhun. Opponent: wirodhak (M); pratispardhi
Occupation: udyog (M); wyawasay (M).
(M). Opportunity: sandhi (F); (scope) waw
*occur: (M).
1. (happen): ho-; ghad-. *oppose: wirodh kar-.
2. (as an idea): (R) such-. opposing: wirodhi.
Ocean: mahasagar (M). opposite: -wiruddh.
o’clock: wajta. opposite (facing): samorche; -samor.
octroi: jakat. Opposition: wirodh (M).
of course: arthat; arthatach. or: kiwa; ki.
*offer: de-; deu kar-; (in worship) Orange: mosambi (N); (see tangerine).
wah-. orange (color): naringi.
Office: aphis (N); karyalay (N); Orchard: bag (F); phalbag (F).
kacheri (F). Ordeal: diwya (N).
Office worker: karkun (M); shipai, Order:
pyun (M). 1. (command) hukum (M);
Office worker (clerical): (M,F) klark. ardar (F); adnya (F).
Officer: adhikari (M). 2. (sequence) kram (M); anukram
Official: adhikari (M). (M).
official (authorized): adhikrit. 3. (orderliness) nitnetkepana (M).
often: pushkalda; khupda; barechad. *order:
Oil: tel, (edible) gode tel (N); (motor) 1. hukum de-; adnya kar-; ordar de-.
oil (N). 2. magaw-.
Ointment: malam (N). *order, to go out of: bighad-.
okay: bare, thik; (that’ll do) chalel. order, out of: bighade, bighadlele.
Okra: bhendi (F). order to, in: -sathi.
old: orderly: wyawasthit.
1. (of things) june. ordinary: samanya; sadharan.
2. (of biological age) mhatare. *organize
3. (tough) jun; nibar. 1. (as a group) sanghatit kar-.
Old age: mhatarpan (N). 2. (arrange) wyawastha kar-.
older (elder): thorle; mothe. organized: sanghatit.
Origin: mul (N).
original: mul.
*originate: udbhaw-.
Orphan: anath mul (N).
other: itar; dusre; (alien) parke.
otherwise: erwi; nahi tar.
out of: -tun.
Outcasting: bahishkar (M).
*outcaste: bahishkar tak-.
outer: baherche.
outside: baher; -baher.
Oven: bhatti (F).
over: war; -war; -warun.
*over/finished, to be: ho- (ie, jhale);
samp-.
overseas: paradeshat; paradeshi.
Owl: ghubad (N).
own: aple, swathache.
Owner: malak (M).
Ox: bail (M).
P Party (feast): parti (F); mejwani (F).
Paan (spicy chew): pan (N); wida (M).
*pacify: samajaw-; samajut ghal-.
Packet: puda (M), pudi (F); pakit (N).
Page (book etc): pan (N).
Pail: badli (F).
Pain: kal (F); dukh (N).
*pain: dukh-.
Paint: rang (M).
*paint: rangaw-; rang de-.
Painter:
1. rangari (M); pentar (M);
2. (artist) chitrakar (M).
Painting (picture): chitra (N).
Pair: jod (N); jodi (F).
Paisa: paisa (M).
Pajama: payjama (M); salwar (F).
Palace: mahal (M); rajwada (M).
pale:
1. phike, phikat; nistej;
2. (sunlight) kowle.
Palm:
1. talhat, talwa (M), panja (M);
2. (tree) tad (M).
Pamphlet: patrak (N).
Pan: bhande (N); (frying) tawa (M).
Pane: tawdan (N).
Pants: pænt (F); (loose) lenga (M).
Papad (pulse flour wafer): papad (M).
1. (black lentil): akha (whole) masur
(M).
2. (masur dal): masurachi dal (F).
.
Papaya: papai (F); papaya (M).
Paper: kagad (M).
paper (made of paper): kagadache.
paralyzed: lule.
Parcel: parsal (N); pudke (N).
Pardon: maphi (F); kshama (F).
*pardon: maph kar-; kshama kar-.
Parents: aibap, aiwadil (M Pl),
matapita (N)
Park: bag (F); udyan (N).
Parrot: popat (M).
Part: bhag (M); wibhag (M).
*part, take: bhag ghe-.
*part one’s hair: bhang pad-.
particular: wishisht.
Partner: bhagidar (M).
*pass
1. (an exam): pas ho-; pas kar-.
2. (overtake): pas kar-.
Passenger: utaru (M).
Past: bhutkal (M).
past (gone): gele; magche, magle.
Path: wat, paywat (F); path (M).
Patient (sick): rogi (M); rugna (N).
Pause: khal (M); khand (M).
*pause: thamb-; thabak-.
*pay: paise de-; pagar de-.
*pay: bhar-, phed-, de-.
Pea: watana (M).
Peace: shantata (F); (mental) shanti
(F).
Peak: shikar (N).
Peanut: sheng dana (M).
Pebble: khada (M); gota (M).
peculiar: wichitra; chamatkarik.
Peel: sal (F).
*peel: sol-.
*peep in or out: dokaw-.
Peepul tree: (M) pimpal.
Peg: khunti (F); mekh (F).
Pen: pen (N); lekhni (F).
Pencil: pensil (F).
*penetrate: shir-.
Penknife: chaku (M).
Pension: penshan (N).
People: lok (M Pl); manase (N Pl);
janta (F).
Pepper:
1. (black pepper-corn): miri (F).
2. (black): kali miri (F); (chili)
mirchi (F).
3. (pepper powder) mirpud (F).
Percent: takka (M).
Percolation tank: pajhar talaw (M).
Performance: (play etc) prayog (M).
perhaps: kadachit.
Period (time): kal (M); (term) mudat
(F).
Permanence: shashwati (F).
permanent:kayam/kayamche;shashwat
permanently: kayam.
Permission: parawangi (F); anumati
(F).
Person: manus (M); wyakti (F); purush
(M).
personal: khajgi; waiyaktik.
Personality: wyaktimattwa (N).
Perspiration: gham (M).
*perspire: (R) gham ye-.
Pet (adj.):
1. (favorite) ladke, awadte.
2. (animal) pallele.
*pet (indulge): lad kar-.
Petticoat: parkar (M).
Petrol: petrol (N).
Philosophy: tattwadnyan (N).
Photograph: photo (M).
*photograph: photo kadh-.
Photography: photographi (F).
physical: sharirik.
*pick:
1. (harvest) tod-; wech-.
2. (choose) niwad-.
*pick through (grains): niwad-.
*pick up: uchal-.
Pickle: lonche (N).
Picnic: sahal (F); wanbhojan (N).
Picture: chitra (N).
*picture, to draw: chitra kadh-.
Piece: tukda (M); (portion) bhag (M).
*pierce: toch-.
Pig: dukkar (N).
Pile: (heap) dhig (M); (stack) gaththa
(M).
Pilgrim: warkari (M); yatrekaru (M).
Pilgrimage: wari (F); yatra (F).
Pill: goli (F).
Pillar: khamb (M).
Pillow: ushi (F).
Pin: tachni (F).
Pineapple: ananas (N).
pink: gulabi.
Pipe: nal (M); paip (M).
Pit: khadda (M).
pitiable: bichare.
Pity: kiw (F); daya (F).
*pity: kiw kar-; daya kar-.
Place: jaga (F); thikan (N); sthal, sthan
(N).
place (in a place/places): thikani; jagi.
place (of this/that place): ithle/tithle.
place (of which place): kuthle.
place (at whose place): konakade.
place (at which place): kuthe.
place (in place of): (its) baddali.
Plain (level land): maidan (N).
plain (simple): sadhe; saral.
plainly: spasht; spashtpane.
Plan: bet (M); yojna (F).
*plan: bet kar-.
Plane: wiman (N).
Planning: niyojan (N).
Plant: wanaspati (F); rop (N).
*plant (a crop): law-; lagan kar-.
Planting: lagan (F); lagwad (F).
Plantation: mala (M).
Plastic: plastik (N).
Plate:
1. tat (M), tatli (F).
2. (saucer) bashi (F).
Plateau: pathar (N).
Platform: phalat (M); (lectern)
wyaspith (N).
Play: khel (M); (drama) natak (N).
*play: khel-; (musical instr.) wajaw-
Playground: maidan (N); graund (N).
please: kripa karun.
pleasant, pleasing: sukhad;
alhaddayak.
pleased: khush, khushi.
*pleased, to be: khush ho-.
*pleased with, to be: (R) pasant as-
/pad-.
Pleasure: sukh (N).
plenty of: khup.
Pakad: cooking pincers (F).
Plumber: plamar, plambar (M); phitar
(M).
plump: gubgubit.
plunder: lut.
*plunder: lut-.
plus: adhik.
Pocket: khisa (M).
Pod (of a legume): sheng (F).
Poem: kawita (F).
Poet: kawi (M).
Poetry: kawya (N).
Point: mudda (M); (geom) bindu (M).
*point out: dakhaw-.
Poison: wish (N).
poisonous: wishari.
Police: polis (M); hawaldar (M);
kotwal (M).
Police station: polis chauki (F).
Policy: dhoran (N).
Polish:
ujla (M); chakaki (F); (skill) saphai
(F).
*polish: ujla de-; palish kar-.
polished: chakchakit; saphaidar.
polite: sabhya.
Politics: rajkaran (N).
Pollution:
1. (environmental) pradushan (N).
2. (ritual) wital (M).
Pond: tale (N); (puddle) dabke (N).
Pool: tale (N); talaw (M); kunde (N).
poor: garib, daridri; (pitiful) bichare.
Popcorn: makyachi lahi (F).
Poppyseed: khaskhas (F).
popular: lokpriy.
Popularity: lokpriyta (F).
Pork: dukarache mas (N).
Port: bandar (N).
Porter: kuli, hamal (M).
Position: (place) sthan (N); (post)
hudda (M).
*possess: malakiche as-.
Possession: malakichi wastu (F).
possession, in one’s: tabyat.
Possibility: shakyata (F); sambhaw
(M).
possible: shakya ahe.
possible, as far as: shakyatowar.
Post:
1. dak (F), tapal (N);
2. chauki (F), thane (N).
*post (a letter): tak-.
Post office: post aphis (N).
Postcard: post kard (N).
*postpone: pudhe kar-; pudhe dhakal.
Pot:
1. bhande (N); (flanged) bagula (M).
2. (earth) madke (N); dera (M); math
(M).
Potato: batata (M).
Pothole: khadda (M).
Potter: kumbhar (M).
*pour: ot-.
Poverty: garibi (F); daridrya (N).
Powder: pud (F); pawdar (F); kut (N).
Power:
1. (physical) shakti (F); bal (N).
2. (political) satta (F).
powerful: balwan.
powerless: durbal; hatbal.
practical:
1. (of something) wyawaharik.
2. (of a person) wyawahari.
Practice (exercise): talim (F); saraw
(M).
*practice: talim kar-; saraw kar-.
Praise: stuti (F); tariph (F); wahwa (F).
*praise: stuti kar-; tariph/wahwa kar-.
*prattle: badbad-.
Prayer: prarthna (F).
precise/precisely: nemke.
Predicament: pech (M).
Prediction:
1. (estimate) andaj (M);
2. (future) bhawishya (N).
*prefer: pasant kar-.
pregnant: garodar; garbhar, potushi.
Prejudice: purwagrah (M); wait mat
(N).
Preparation:
1. tayari (F).
2. (food) padarth (M).
*prepare: banaw-; tayar kar-.
Presence: hajeri (F); upasthiti (F).
present: hajar.
present, at: sadhya.
Present: (gift) bhet (F); bakshis (N).
present (at present): sadhya; halli; turt.
present (in attendance): hajar.
*present (make presentation) sadar
kar-.
Preserve: (jam) muramba (M).
*preserve: rakh-; jatan kar-.
President: adhyaksh (M).
Pressure: dab (M); dadpan (N); dabaw
(M).
*pretend: song kar-; dhong kar-.
pretty: surekh; sundar.
*prevent: tal-.
previous: adle, magche.
previously: purwi.
Price: kimmat (F); bhaw (M); mulya
(N);
dar (M); akar (M).
Price-rise: bhawwadh (F).
Prick: boch (F).
*prick: (R) toch-, boch-.
Pride:
1. abhiman (M);
2. (self-respect) swabhiman (M)
Priest: bhataji (M); pujari (M).
primary: prathamik.
Principal:
1. (school) pracharya (M); prinsipal
(M).
2. (investment) muddal (N).
principal (main): mukhya; pramukh.
Principle: tatwa (N).
Print: chhap (M).
*print: chhap-.
print, in: chhapil, chhaplele.
printed: chhapil; (pr. material) printed.
Prison: turung (M); jel (F).
Prisoner: kaidi (M).
private: khajgi, praywhet.
Prize: bakshis (N).
probable: shakya; sambhawaniy.
probably: bahutek; bahudha.
Problem: prashna (M).; samasya (F).
Process: kriya (F); prakriya (F).
*process: prakriya kar-.
Processing: prakriya (F).
Procession: mirawnuk (F).
*procure (as a ticket): kadh-.
Produce:
1. utpadan (N); nirmiti (F);
2. (agric) shetmal (M).
*produce: utpadan kar-; nirmiti kar-.
Producer: utpadak (M); nirmata (M).
Profession: wyawasay (M); udyog
(M).
Professor: pradhyapk, prophesar
(M,F).
Profit: napha (M); phayda (M).
Program:
1. karyakram (M); progræm (M).
2. (plan) bet (M); yojna (F).
Progress: pragati (F).
progress (in progress): chalu.
*progress: pragati kar-.
*prohibit: bandi ghal-; manai kar-.
Prohibition: bandi (F); manai (F).
Project: prakalp (M); yojna (F);
prajekt (M).
*prolong: lambaw-.
Promise: ashwasan (N), (word)
wachan (N)
*promise: ashwasan de-; kabul kar-.
promising: hotkaru.
Promotion: wadhati (F).
prone (horizontal): adwe.
*pronounce: uchchar kar-.
Pronunciation: uchchar (M).
Propaganda: prachar (M).
proper: barobar; yogya.
properly: barobar; wyawasthit; nit,
thik.
Property: malmatta (F).
Proportion: praman (N).
Prose: gadya (N).
*protect: rakshan kar-; sanrakshan
kar-.
Protection: sanrakshan (N).
*prove: siddh kar-.
Proverb: mhan (F).
Province: prant (M).
Protest: nishedh (M); (march) morcha
(M).
*protest: nishedh kar-.
*provide: puraw-.
Provision:
1. (providing) purawtha (M).
2. (proviso) tartud (F).
Provisions: saman (N).
*proviso, to make a: tartud kar-.
public (common): sarwajanik.
public (known): jahir.
Publicity: jahirat (F); prachar (M).
*publish: prasiddh kar-; prakashan Queen: rani (F).
kar-. Question: prashna (M).
Publisher: prakashak (M). *question (ask): wichar-; prashna kar-.
*puff: dhapa tak-. Questionnaire: prashnawali (F).
Puffed rice: murmura (M). Queue: rang (F).
Pull: odh (F). quickly: lawkar, jaldi; chatkan;
*pull: odh-. patkan.
Pulp: lagda (M); (flesh of fruit) gar quiet: shant.
(M). Quilt: rajai (F).
Pulse (dried split beans): dal (F). Quire: dasta (M).
Pump: pamp (M). *quit: sod-; sodun de-.
Pumpkin: lal bhopla (M). quite: agdi.
Puncture: pankchar (N). quite a lot: barechase.
*puncture, to get: pankchar ho-. R
*puncture, to repair: pankchar kadh-. Rabbit: sasa (M).
pungent: tikhat; (of smell) ugra. rabid (an animal): pisallele.
*punish: shiksha kar-. Race (contest): sharyat (F); spardha
Punishment: shiksha (F). (F).
Purchase: kharedi (F). Racket: gadbad (F); gondhal (M).
*purchase: karedi kar-; wikat ghe-. Radio: redio (M).
pure: shuddh; niwwal. Radish: mula (M).
purely: niwwal; kewal. Rag: chindhi (F).
Purity: shuddhata; (ritual) sowle. ragged: phatke; phatketutke.
purple: jambhle. Raid (by police): chhapa (M).
Purpose: nimitt (N); hetu (M). *raid (police): chhapa ghal-.
purpose, for what: kashasathi. Railroad: relwe (F).
purpose of, for: -nimitt, -nimittane. Railway: (F) relwe.
Purse: pishwi (F). Rain: paus (M).
*push: dhakal-. *rain: paus pad-.
*put: thew-. Rainy season: pawsala (M); mansun
*put in: tak-; ghal-. (M).
*put on (as garment): ghal- Raincoat: renkot, pausali kot (M).
*put on (as wraparound garment): nes-. Raise: (pay) pagarwadh (F).
*put on (light): law-. *raise (lift) uchal-; war kar-.
*put up: utar-. Raisin: manuk (F).
*put in order: law-. ramshackle: khilkhile; dabde.
Q Range: (mountains) parwat (M).
Quality: Rank:
1. (property) gun; (M) gundharm 1. darja (M); nambar (M);
(M). 2. (position) hudda (M).
2. (grade) prat (F); darja (M); kwaliti Rape: balatkar (M).
(F). rapidly: bharabhar.
3. (merit) gunwatta (F). rarely: kwachitach.
Quarrel: bhandan (N). Rate:
*quarrel: bhand-; bhandan kar-. 1. bhaw (M); dar (M); akar (M).
quarrelsome: bhandkhor. 2. (interest) wyajacha dar (M).
quarter (1/4): paw. raw: kachche.
quarter after one: sawwa, sawwa ek. Ray (beam): kiran (M).
quarter to one: paun, pawne ek. *reach: poch-, ye-.
*queasy, to feel: (R) malmal as- *read: wach-.
Reader: wachak (M).
Reading: wachan (N).
Reading room: wachanalay (N).
ready: tayar.
readymade: redimed; tayar; ayte.
real (genuine): khare; assal.
realistic: wastaw.
*realize: (R) kal-, umaj-, lakshat ye-.
Reality: wastaw (M).
really: khare, kharech; kharokhar.
really (Is that so?): ase ka?
Reason: karan (N).
reason, without: ugech; nishkaran.
reasonable:
1. (able to understand) samajutdar.
2. (fair) yogya.
3. (limited) maphak.
*rebel: band kar-.
Rebellion: band (N).
Receipt: pawti (F); poch (F).
*receive: (T) ghe; (R) mil-.
received: milale.
recent: alikadche.
recently: alikade; nukte; madhyantari.
Recital: maiphal (F).
reckless: bephikir; awichari.
recklessly: bepham; bephikirpane.
Recognition: olakh (F); manyata (F).
*recognition, give (sanction): manyata
de-
*recognize: (R) olakh pat-.
recognized: olakhle.
Recollection: athawn (F).
*recommend: shipharas kar-.
Recommendation: shipharas (F).
Record: rekard (F).
Records: kagadpatra (M Pl).
red: lal; (rusty) tambde.
*reduce: kami kar-.
*refer to: ullekh kar-.
Reference: ullekh (M); sandarbh (M).
*reference, to give: sandarbh de-.
Reform: sudharna (F).
Refrigerator: shit peti (F).
Refusal: nakar (M).
*refuse: nahi sang-; nakar-; nakar de-.
regarding: -babat; -babatit; -baddal.
Regime: (rule) rajya (N).
Region: pradesh (M); mulukh (M);
bhag (M).
regional: pradeshik.
*register: nond kar-; rajistar kar-.
regular: niyamit.
regularly: niyamitpane.
Regulation: niyam (M).
Rehearsal: talim (F).
*rehearse: talim kar-.
*reject: nakar-; nakar de-.
Relationship: sambandh (M); nate (N).
Relative: nate (N); natewaik (M).
Relative by marriage: soyara, pahuna
(M)
*relax: aram kar-.
Relaxation: aram (M).
*release: sod-.
Religion: dharm (M).
religious: dharmik.
Religious observances: dewdharm
(M).
Reluctance: nakhushi (F); khalkhal
(F).
*remain:
1. (stay) rah-.
2. (be left over): ur-.
remaining: shillak; baki.
Remedy: upay (M); ilaj (M).
*remember: (R) athaw-, athawn ho-
*remind: athawn kar-.
Rent: bhade (N).
*rent: bhadyane ghe-.
*rent, to pay: bhadyane de-.
*repair: durust kar-.
repair, out of: nadurust.
Repairing: durusti (F).
*repairing, to do: durusti kar-.
*repeat:
1. (say again) parat/punha mhan-
/sang-
2. (do again) parat/punha kar-.
replete: tript.
Reply: uttar (N).
*reply: uttar de-; uttar-.
Report: riport (M).
*report: riport kar-; sang-.
Reporter: patrakar (M).
Representative: pratinidhi (M).
Reputation: naw (N); kirti (F);
pratishtha (F)
Request: winanti (F).
*require: (R) lag-, garaj as-.
Research: sanshodhan (N).
*research: sanshodhan kar-.
*reserve: rakhun thew-.
reserved: rakhiw.
Reservoir: (lake) talaw (M).
*resign: rajinama de-.
Resignation: rajinama (M).
Resolution: nishchay (M).
Respect: man (M); adar (M).
*respect: man de-.
respectable: pratisthit; mananiy.
respected: pratisthit.
*respond: uttar de-; dad de-.
Response: uttar (N); dad (F).
Responsibility: jababdari (F).
responsible: jabadar.
Rest: aram (m); wishranti (F).
rest: (remaining) baki; rahilele; urlele.
*rest:
1. aram kar-; wishranti ghe-.
2. (lean against) (I) tek-; (T) tekaw-.
Restaurant: restarant (N); hotel (N).
*restrain: thopaw-; ala ghal-.
Restriction: bandhan (N); nirbandh
(M).
Restroom (public): swachchhtagrih.
Result:
1. (outcome) nikal (M).
2. (consequence) parinam (M).
result (as a result): parinami.
*result, to be declared: nikal lag-.
*retire: niwritt ho-; ritayar ho-.
retired: niwritt.
Retirement: niwritti (F).
*retreat: parat-, mage ye-.
*return: parat-; parat ye-; parat kar-
/de-.
Revenge: sud (M).
*revenge, to take: sud ghe-.
Revengefulness: sudbuddhi (F).
*review: ujalni kar-.
Revision: ujalni (F).
Reward: bakshis (N).
Rice:
1. (grain) tandul (M).
2. (cooked) bhat (M).
3. (puffed) murmura (M).
Rice plate: rais plet (F).
rich:
1. (wealthy) shrimant.
2. (well-endowed) samriddh.
Rickshaw: riksha (F).
Rickshaw driver: rikshawala (M).
*ride (on, in): bas-.
*ride a horse: ghodyawar bas-.
ridiculous: hasyaspad.
Right: (just claim) hakk (M).
right (correct): barobar, yogya.
right (direction): ujwe.
right away: lagech.
rightwards: ujwya bajula; ujwikade.
Rind: sali (F).
Ring: (ornament) angthi (F).
*ring (bell): (I) waj-; (T) wajaw-.
Riot: danga (M); dangal (F).
ripe: piklele; tayar jhalele.
*ripen: (I) pik-; (T) pikaw-.
*rise: (get up) uth-; (as the sun) ugaw-.
Ritual: widhi (M).
ritual, according to: widhipurwak.
River: nadi (F).
Road: rasta, rod (M); marg (M); path
(M).
*roam: bhatak-; hind-.
*roast: bhaj-.
*rob: chori kar-; hirawun ne-; daroda
ghal-
Robber: darodekhor (M); chor (M).
Robbery: chori (F); daroda (M).
Rock: (mass) khadak (M); (stone)
dagad (M)
Role: bhumika (F).
Roll: (of cloth) taga (M).
*roll out: lat-.
Rolling pin: latne (N).
romantic: romæntik; pranayramya.
Roof: chhappar (N).
Room: kholi (F).
Root: mul (N).
*root, to take: ruj-; mul dhar-.
Rope: dori (F); dor (M).
Rose: (bush & flower) gulab (M).
*rot: nas-; kuj-.
rotten: naske; kujke; kharab.
rough: khadbadit; kharbarit.
Roughneck: gund (M).
round: gol.
Route: marg (M).
Row: (line) rang (F), ol (F).
*row (propel a boat): walhaw-.
*rub: chol-. saltless: alni.
Rubber: rabar (N). salty: kharat.
rudimentary: prathamik; thaturmatur. Salvation: moksh (M).
Ruin: nash (M). same: tech; ekech.
ruins, in: padik. Sample: namuna (M).
Rule: *sanction: manjur kar-.
1. (regulation) niyam (M); sanctioned: manjur.
2. (reign) rajya (N). Sand: walu (F); reti (F).
*rule: rajya kar-. Sandal: sændal (M); (strapless)
ruled (lined): akhiw. chappal (F)
Ruler (foot-): phutpatti (F). Sanskrit: sanskrit (N).
Run: Sari:
1. (cricket) dhaw (F); 1. sadi (F); patal (N);
2. (musical notes) tan (F). 2. (traditional) lungde (N).
*run: Satchel: bæg (F); (schoolbag) daptar
1. dhaw-; pal-. (N).
2. (function) chal-. Satisfaction: samadhan (N).
3. (manage) chalaw-. satisfied: khush; samadhani; tript.
running (going; in progress): chalu. *satisfy: samadhan kar-.
Rupee: rupaya (M). Saucer: bashi (F).
rural: gramin. *saute: parat-.
Rural area: gramin bhag (M). savage: ranti.
Rust: ganj (M). *save: (T) wachaw-; rakh; thew-.
*rust: ganj-. *saved, to be: (I) wach-.
Rut: chakori (F). Savings: shillak (F); bachat (F).
S savory: khamang.
Sack: pote (N). Savory fritter: (M) wada.
sacred; pawitra. Saw: karwat (F).
sad: duhaki; (saddening) *say: mhan-, sang-.
duhakhdayak. say!: aga; aho; are, re.
*sad, to feel: (R) wait wat-. Saying: mhan (F).
Sadness: duhakh (N). Scale:
Sadhu: sadhu (M). 1. (weighing) kata (M); taraju (M).
Safe: (strongbox) tijori (F). 2. (portion) praman (N).
safe: surakshit; khushal. 3. (of fish) khawla (M).
safely: sukhrup. *scale (climb): (I,T) chadh-.
Safflower: kardi (F). Scar: wan (M).
Saffron: keshar (N). Scarcity: tanchai (F); tutawda (M).
saffron-colored: keshari; naringi; Scarf: skarph, maphlar (M); galpatta
shendri. (M).
Sago (tapioca): sabu dana (F). *scatter (throw about): wiskat-.
said: mhanale. scattered: turlak; wikhurlele.
Sail: shid (N). Scene:
*sail: botine ja-. 1. thikan (N); sthal (N).
Saintly person: sant (M). 2. (sight) drishya (N).
Salad: koshimbir (F), salad. 3. (narrative) prasang (M); dekhawa
Salary: pagar (M); wetan (N). (M).
Sale: wikri (F). Scenery: dekhawa (M).
Saliva: thunki (F). Schedule: karyakram (M); progræm
Salt: mith (N). (M).
Scheme: yojna (F).
scheming: labad.
School: shala (F); widyalay (N).
school, in/of the: shaletle.
Science: shastra (N); widnyan (N).
scientific: shastriy.
Scissors: katri (F).
*scold: ragaw-; dam de-.
Scooter: skutar (F).
Scope: waw (M).
Scorn: tuchchhta (F); titkara (M).
*scorn: tuchchh lekh-;
titkara kar-; (R) titkara wat-.
Scorpion: winchu (M).
*scour: ghas-.
Scrap:.
1. (piece) tukda (M); (paper) chithore
(N).
2. (of plastic, metal, etc) bhangar
(N);
3. (scrap paper) raddi (F).
Scratch: orkhada (M); bochkara (M).
*scratch: khajaw-; orkhad-; bochkar-.
Screen: jali (F); (curtain) padda (M).
Screen door: jali darwaja (M).
Screw: skru (M).
Script: (writing) lipi (F).
*scrub: ghas-.
Sculpture: shilp (N).
Sculptor: shilpkar (M).
Scythe: wila (M).
Sea: samudra (M); sagar (M).
Search: shodh (M).
*search: shodh-.
Seashore: samudrakinara (M).
Season:
1. ritu (M); sijhan (M);
2. (of harvest: fruit, etc) bahar (M).
Seat: (place) jaga (F); baithak (F).
*seat (install): basaw-.
Second: (unit of time) sekand (M).
second: dusre
Second class: sekand klas; dusra warg.
second time: dusryanda.
secondary: gaun; duyyam.
secondary (of education): madhyamik.
Secret: gupit (N); rahasya (N).
secret: gupt.
Section: bhag (M); wibhag (M).
Secretary:
chitnis (M); sekretari (M,F);
sachiw (M,F)
Sect: panth (M).
Section (of city): (F) peth.
Security: surakshitata (F); adhar (M).
*see: (T) bagh-, pah-; (R) dis-.
Seed: bi (F); (food) dana (M).
Seeds: (NPl) bi-biyane.
Seeing: darshan (N).
Seedling: rop (N).
*seem: (R) dis-, bhas ho-.
seldom: kwachitach.
*select: niwad-; pasant kar-.
self: swatha.
Self interest: swarth (M).
Self respect: swabhiman (M).
self-respecting: swabhimani.
self-willed: hatti.
selfish: swarthi.
*sell: wikat de-; wikri kar-.
Semolina (wheat grains): rawa (M).
*send: pathaw-; dhad-.
*send away: ghalaw-; ghalawun de-.
senior: siniyar; warishth.
Sense: akkal, buddhi (F); shahanpana
(M).
sensible: shahane; samajutdar.
sensitive: halwe; sanwedanshil.
Sentence:
1. (words) wakya (N).
2. (legal) shiksha (F).
*sentence: shiksha de-.
separate:
1. nirale; wegle; nirnirale.
2. (loose) sute.
*separate: wegle ho-/kar-; wibhakte
ho-.
separately: nirale; wegle; nirnirale.
Series: malika (F).
serious: gambhir; (ill) siriyas.
Seriouness: gambhirpana (M).
Sermon: prawachan (N).
Servant: nokar, gadi (M); bai,
molkarin (F).
*serve sewa kar-; (a meal): wadh-.
Service: nokri (F); sewa (F).
Sesame seed: til (M).
Session: baithak (F); satra (N).
Set: (group) sanch (M); set (M).
*set:
 1. (set forth) mand-.
2. (set up, display) mand-; that-.
3. (as the sun) mawal-.
*set out (leave) : nigh-; chal-.
*settle:
1. (a dispute) mitaw-.
2. (take up residence) sthayik ho-.
*settled, to be (a dispute): (I) mit-.
Settlement: wasahat (F); (small) wasti
(F).
several: kityek.
severe: kadak; tiwra.
*sew: shiw-.
Sewing: shiwankam (N); shilai (F).
Sewing machine: shiwanache mashin
(N).
Shade: sawali (F); (of color) chhata
(F).
Shadow: sawali (F); chhaya (F).
*shake: (T) halaw-; (tremble) kap-.
*shake out: jhatak-.
shallow: uthal.
Shame: laj (F); sharam (F).
shameless: nirlajj; besharam.
Shampoo:
shampu (M); (-ing pods) shikekai
(F).
Shantytown: jhopadpatti (F).
Shape: akar (M).
*shape: (T) ghadaw-; (to give) akar
de-.
*shape, to take: akar ghe-.
Share: bhag (M); wata (M); hissa (M).
*share: watun ghe-; watni kar-.
sharp:
1. (a knife) dhar.
2. tiwra.
*sharpen: dhar law-.
Sharpness: dhar (F); tiwrata (F).
*shatter: phut-; phod-.
*shave: dadhi kar-.
Sheep: mendhru (N); mendhi (F).
Sheet: (bedcover) chadar (F).
Sheet metal: patra (M).
sheet metal, made of: patryache.
Shelf: shelph (N); ghadwanchi (F).
Shell: (egg, etc) tarphal (N); kawach
(N).
Shelter: niwara (M).
Sherbet: sarbat (N).
Ship: jahaj (N); bot (F).
Shirt: sadra (M); shart (M); kudta (M).
shiver: tharthar.
*shiver: kap-; kudkud-; (R) hudhudi
bhar-
Shock: dhakka (M); shak (M).
*shock, to get a: (R) dhakka/shak bas-.
Shoe: but (M), joda (M).
Shoemaker: chambhar (M).
*shoot: goli mar-; goli ghal-.
Shop: dukan (N).
Shopkeeper: dukandar (M).
Shopping:
bajar (M); shaping (N); kharedi
(F).
*shopping, to do: bajar kar-, shaping
kar-.
Shore: kinara (M).
short:
1. (in length) akhud.
2. (in height) butke; thengne.
short, in: thodkyat.
Shortage: tanchai (F); tutawda (M).
Shorts: chaddi (F).
Shoulder: khanda (M).
Shout: aroli (F).
*shout: orad-.
Shouting: orda (M); orda-orda M).
*shove: dhakal-.
Show: (performance) prayog (M).
*show: dakhaw-.
Shower (rain): sar (F).
*shower, for there to be a: sar pad-.
Shrew (musk rat) chichundri (M).
shrewd: dhurt; chatur.
*shrink: at-; akunchan paw-.
*shut (fastened): (I) lag-.
*shut: (T) band kar-; law-; (eyes) mit-.
shy: lajre; bujre.
*shy, to be: laj-; buj-; sankoch kar-.
Shyness: laj (F).
Sibling: bhawand (N).
sick: ajari.
*sick, to be: ajari pad-.
sickly: rogat.
Sickness: ajar (M).
Side: baju (F).
side, on this: alikade.
side, on the far: palikade.
side (on the far side of): -palikade.
Sieve: chalni (F); (screen) jali (F).
*sieve: chal-
Sigh: suskara (M); nihashwas (M).
*sigh: suskara sod-; suskara tak-.
Sight:
1. najar; drishti (F).
2. (scene) drishya (N).
Sign:
1. chinha (N); khun (F).
2. (board) pati (F).
Signature: sahi (F).
Significance:
1. (meaning) arth (M); ashay (M).
2. (importance) mahattwa (N).
Silence:
1. (quiet) shantata (F).
2. (refraining from speech) maun
(N).
*silence, to observe: maun pal-.
silent: gapp, muke.
*silent, to remain: gapp bas-.
silently: gapchup.
Silk: reshim (N); silken: reshmi.
Silver: chandi (F).
silver, made of: chandiche.
similar: -sarkhe.
Similarity: samya (N); sarkhepana
(M).
similarly: tyachpramane; tasech.
simple: (plain) sadhe; (easy) sope.
Sin: pap (N).
since: pasun.
*sing: ga-; mhan- (also means “say”).
Singer: gayak (M), gayika (F).
Singing: gayan (N).
single: ekulte; ekte; (unmarried)
awiwahit
*sink: (I) bud-; (T) budaw-.
Sister: bahin (F).
Sister-in-law: mehuni (F).
*sit, sit down: bas-.
Situation: sthiti, paristhiti (F).
Size: akar (M); saij (M).
Skeleton: sangada (M); sapla (M).
Skill: kaushalya (N); saphai (F).
skilled: kushal; tarbej; patait; kaslele.
Skin:
1. katdi (F); (animal) katde (N);
2. (rind) sal (F).
skinny: hadkule; rod.
*skip (leave out): wagal-; gal-.
Skirt: parkar (M); skart (M).
Sky: akash (N).
slack: sail; dhile.
slanting: tirpe; tirke.
Slate: pati (F).
Slave: gulam (M).
Slavery: gulamgiri (F).
Sleep: jhop (F); nidra (F)
*sleep: jhop-; nij-, jhopi ja-.
*sleepy, feel: jhop ye-.
Sleeve: bahi (F).
slender: radpatal; barik.
Slice: tukda (M); phod (F).
*slice (dice): ubhe kap-.
*slide: (I) ghasar-, sark-; (T) sarkaw-.
slightly: kinchit; jarese.
Slingshot: gophan (F).
*slip off: (I) nisat-., sut-.
Slope: (down) utar (M); (up) chadh
(M).
sloppy: gabale.
slow: mand.
slowly: sawkash; haluhalu; mand.
Slum (crowded hutment): jhopadpatti
(F).
small: chhote; lahan.
smart: hushar, chalakh; (burning) ag
ho-.
smeared (with food leavings) :
kharkate.
Smell:
1. was (M); gandh (M).
2. (good) suwas (M); sugandh (M).
3. (bad) durgandh (M).
Smile: smit (N); smit hasya (N).
*smile: has-; smit kar-.
Smoke: dhur (M).
*smoke: (I) dhumas-; (cigar etc) odh-,
pi-.
smooth:
1. (even, level) sarkhe; saph; sapat.
2. (not rough) gulgulit; nital.
3. (polished speech/manner)
saphaidar.
smoothly: suralit.
*smuggle: chorti ayat/niryat kar-.
Smuggler: taskar (M); smaglar (M).
Smuggling: chorti ayat/niryat (F).
Snack: pharal, khau (M); nyahari (F).
*snack: pharal kar-; khau kha-.
Snake: (Cobra: nag) sap (M).
*snatch: hiskaw-; (pick a pocket) mar-.
Sneeze: shink (F).
*sneeze: shink-.
Snow: barph (N); him (N).
*snow: barph pad-; himwarshaw ho-.
snow-white: pandhre shubhra.
Snowfall: himwarshaw (M).
so (therefore): mhanun.
so much: ikte.
*soak (clothes, food): (I) bhij-.; (T)
bhijaw-.
Soap: saban (M).
Soap-bar:
sabanachi wadi (F); sabanbar (M).
Sob: hundka (M).
*sob: hundka de-.
Soccer: phutbal (M).
social: samajik.
Society: samaj (M).
Sock: moja (M).
soft: mau.
Soil: (earth) mati (F); (dirt) mal (M).
soiled: malke; malkat.
*soiled, to get: mal-.
Soldier: sainik (M); shipai (M); jawan
(M).
Sole: talwa (M); talpay (M).
solemn: gambhir.
solid: ghan, ghatt; (strong) majbut.
Solution: todga (M); uttar (N).
*solve: sodaw-.
some: kahi; (unspecif. person etc)
ekhade.
somebody/someone: konitari.
somehow: kasatari.
something: kahitari.
sometime: kadhitari; kewhatari.
sometime or other: pudhemage.
sometimes: kadhikadhi; kadhimadhi.
somewhat: kahise; jara; thodephar.
somewhere: kuthetari.
somewhere (from s.) kuthuntari.
somewhere else: dusrikade.
Son: mulga, lek (M).
Son-in-law: jawai (M).
Song: gane (N); git (N).
soon: lawkar.
sooner or later: magunpudhun.
Sorghum: jwari (F); jondhla (M); shalu
(M).
Sorrow: duhakh (N); khed (M).
sorry (interj.) sari.
Sort: jat (F); prakar (M); tarha (F).
Sound: awaj (M); nad (M).
*sound: (I) waj-.
Soup (juice): ras (M).
sour: ambat.
Source: ugam (M).
South: dakshin (F).
Sowing: perni (F).
Soybean: soyabin (N).
Space: jaga (F); (of time) awkash (M).
Space, outer: awkash (M); antaral (N).
Spare time: phawla wel (M); sawad
(F).
sparse: turlak.
*speak: bol-.
special: khas; wishesh.
specially: wishesh; wisheshkarun.
Species: jat (F).
specific: wishisht.
Spectacles: chashma (M).
Speech:
1. bolne (N); bhashan (N).
2. (power of) wacha (F); wani (F).
Speed: weg (M); jor (M).
*spend: kharch-; kharch kar-.
Spice: masala (M).
spiceless (plain): phikke.
spicy: tikhat; masaledar.
Spider: koli (M).
*spill: sand-.
*spin:
1. (turn) (I) phir-; (T) phiraw.
2. (spin thread) sut kadh-.
Spinach: palak (M).
Spine: kana (M).
Spirit (methylated): spirit. (N)
Spit: thunki (F).
*spit: thunk-.
spoiled:
1. (gone bad) kharab; (rotten) nasle.
2. (of a child) ladawlele.
spontaneously: apoap; sahaji.
Spoon:
chamcha (M); (teaspoon) chamchi
(F).
Sports: khel (M Pl), krida (F).
Sports club: jimkhana (M).
Spot: timb (N); thipka (M); (stain) dag
(M).
*sprained, to be: murgal-.
*spray: phawar mar-.
Spread-out things: pasara (M).
*spread:
1. (bedding etc) pasar-; anthar-.
2. (as ink on paper) phut-.
*spread out: (I) pasar-; (T) pasaraw-.
Spread-out things: pasara (M).
*sprinkle: shimpad-; shidkawa kar-.
Sprout: phut (F); komb (M); mod (M).
*sprout: phut-; mod ye-.
Spy: her (M); guptaher (M).
*spy: hergiri kar-.
Spying: hergiri (F).
Square: chauk (M).
*squeeze: (press) dab-, awal-; (wring)
pil-.
Squirrel, chipmunk: khar (F).
Stability: sthairya (N).
stable: sthir.
Stack: gaththa (M).
Stage: payri (F); tappa (M).
Stain: dag (M).
Stair: payri (F).
Staircase: jina (M).
stale: shile.
Stamina: dam (M); takad (F).
Stamp:
1. (post) tikit (N).
2. (imprint) shikka (M); chhap (M).
*stand: (I) ubhe rah-; (T) ubhe kar-.
Standard:
1. (level) darja (M); 2. (grade) iyatta
(F).
standing: ubhe.
Stapler: (M) steplar.
Star: tara (M); chandni (F).
*stare: tak lawun pah-.
Start: surwat/suruwat (F).
*start:
1. (T) chalu kar-; suru/surwat kar-.
2. (I) chalu ho-; suru ho-.
3. (of a train, bus etc) sut-.
State:
1. rajya (N).
2. (condition) sthiti (F); awastha (F).
State transport (bus line): es ti.
Statement: widhan (N); jabab (M).
Station:
1.steshan (N);
2. (police) chauki (F); thane (N).
Stationery store: (N) steshanariche
dukan
Statistics: (figures) akdewari (F).
Statue: putla (M).
Status:
1. darja (M); sthan (N);
2. (high-) pratishtha (F).
*stay:
1. rah-; mukkam kar-
2. (settle, of a group) wasti kar.
Staying: mukkam (M).
*steal: chori kar-; chor-.
Steam: waph (F).
*steam: waph ukad-; waph kar-.
steaming: waphalate.
Steel: polad (N); (stainless steel) stil
(N).
steel (stainless), made of: stilche.
steep: ubhya chadhache.
Step: paul (N); (of staircase) payri (F).
*step: paul tak-.
Stick: kathi (F); (small stick) kadi (F).
*stick: (I) chikat-; (T) chikataw-.
sticky: chikat.
stiff: (erect) tath; (not soft) kadak.
still:
1. (yet) ajun; ajunparyant.
2. (nevertheless) tari; tarisuddha.
3. (quiet) shant.
4. (unmoving) stabdh; sthir.
still yet: tarihi.
*stir: halaw-; dhawal-.
Stitch: taka M).
*stitch: shiw-.
Stomach: pot (N).
Stomachache: potdukhi (F).
*stomachache, to have a: pot dukh-.
Stone: dagad (M); (small) khad,; gota
(M).
stone (made of): dagadi.
Stool: (N) stul.
Stop: (for bus) stap; thamba.
*stop: (I) thamb-; (T) thambaw-,
adaw-
Stopper: buch (N).
Store: dukan (N); bhandar (N); satha
(M).
*store: satha kar-; sathaw-.
Stored materials: satha (M).
Storey (floor): majla (M).
Story:
1. hakikat (F); gosht (F); katha (F);
2. (short) laghukatha (F).
Storm: wadal (N).
Story: katha (F); gosht (F).
stout: jad; lathth.
Stove (earth): chul (F).
straight: saral; saralsot.
straightforward: saral.
Strain: tan (M).
strange:
1. (peculiar) wichitra; chamatkarik.
2. (unknown) anolakhi; parke.
Stranger: anolakhi manus (M).
Stream: prawah (M); (brook) odha
(M).
Street: rasta, rod (M); marg (M); path
(M).
Strength: shakti, takad (F); bal (N); jor
(M).
Stress: (emphasis) jor (M); (strain) tan
(M).
*stretch (I) lamb-; (T) lambaw-.
Strike: samp (M).
*strike:
1. (beat) mar-; han-; war kar-.
2. (go on strike) samp kar-.
String: dora (M), dori (F); sutli (F).
Strip: patti (F).
Stripe: patta (M).
*stroll: phir-, phirayla ja-.
strong:
1. (physique) dankat; balkat,
balwan.
2. (of a structure) majbut; bhakkam.
3. (of a drink) kadak.
4. (of language) kadak; jordar.
Struggle: dhadpad (F); chalwal (F).
*struggle: dhadpad kar-; chalwal kar-.
Stubble: khunt (M Pl).
*stuck, to get: chikat-; (obstructed)
adak-.
Student: widyarthi (M), widyarthini
(F).
Study: abhyas (M).
*study: abhyas kar-; shik-.
Stuff: mal (M); saman (N).
*stuff: komb-.
*stumble: adkhal-.
Stump: khunt (M).
stupid: murkh; bawlat; dha.
Stupidity: murkhpana, bawlatpana
(M).
sturdy: sashakta; balkat; dankat.
Style:
1. (fashion) phæshan (F); paddhat
(F).
2. (elegance) dimakh (M).
3. (literary) shaili (F).
Subject: wishay (M).
*submerge: budaw-.
*submerged, to be: bud-; panyakhali
ja-.
Subscription: wargni (F).
Success: yash (N).
successful: yashaswi.
such a: ase, itke.
such a big: ewdhe.
*suck: chokh-; shosh-, shoshun ghe-.
*suckle: (T) paj-; (I) (angawar) pi-.
suddenly: ekdam; ekaeki; achanak.
*suffer: duhakh bhog-.
sufficient: purese; purte; -potapurte
*sufficient, to be: bhag-; (R) pur-.
Sugar: sakhar (F); (coarse brown) gul
(M).
Sugarcane: us (M); (-trash) pachat (N).
*suggest: suchna kar-, suchaw-.
Suggestion: suchna (F).
*suggestion, to make a: suchna kar-.
Suit (of clothes): poshakh (M); sut
(M).
*suit (find to one’s liking): (R)
manaw-.
Suitability: yogyata (F); patrata (F).
suitable: yogya; -yogya, -joge, -jogte.
Suitcase: peti (F); bæg (F).
*sulk: rus-.
Sum: berij (F).
Summer: unhala (M).
Summit: shikhar (N).
Sun: surya (M).
*sun (for sun to shine): un pad-.
Sunflower seed: suryaphul dana (M).
Sunlight:
 1. suryaprakash (M);
2. (heat/glare) un (N).
Sunrise: suryoday (M).
Sunset: suryast (M).
superficial: warwarche; thaturmatur.
*supervise: dekhrekh kar-.
Supervision: dekhrekh (F).
Supervisor: suparwayjhar (M).
Supply: purawtha (M).
*supply: puraw-.
Support:
1. adhar (M); paya (M);
2. (backing) pathimba (M)
*support:
1. adhar de-.
2. (supply maintenance) pos-;
sambhal-
3. (back up) pathimba de-.
sure (for sure) nakki; (surely) khatrine.
*sure, to be: khatri as-.
Surname: adnaw (N).
Surprise: ashcharya; nawal.
*surprised, be: (R) ashcharya/nawal
wat-,
ashcharyachakit/thakk ho-.
*surrender: sharan ja-/ye-.
surrounding: bhowtalche.
Surroundings: parisar (M).
Survey: pahni (F).
*survive: wach-, jag-; (of things) tik-.
*suspect: (R) shanka wat-, sanshay
wat-.
Suspicion: shanka (F); sanshay (M).
*swallow: gil-.
Sweat: gham (M).
*sweat: (R) gham ye-.
Sweater: swetar (M).
*sweep: jhad-, jhadlot kar-, jhadu mar-
. Tax: kar (M).
Sweeping: jhadlot (F).
*sweeping, to do the: jhadlot kar-.
sweet: god; madhur.
Sweets: mithai (F); khau (M).
*swell: (inflate) phug-; (edema) suj-.
Swelling: suj (F).
swiftly: bharabhar.
*swim: poh-.
Swing: jhopala (M); jhoka (M).
Sword: talwar (F); tarwar (F).
Sympathy: sahanubhuti (F).
Syrup: pak (M).
System: paddhati (F).
T
Table: mej, tebal (N).
Table tennis: pingpang (M).
Tablet: goli (F).
Tag: (game) shiwashiwi (F).
*tag: shiw-.
Tail: shepti (F).
Tailor: shimpi, telar (M).
*take: ghe-.
*take away: gheun ja-; ne-.
*take a photo: (photo) kadh-.
*take back: parat ghe-.
*take carre of: sambhal-.
*take off (clothes): kadh-; (plane) ud-.
*take out: kadh-.
*take place: ghad-, ho-.
Talent: gunwatta (F); kaishalya (N);
kala (F).
Talk: bolne (N); bhashan (N).
*talk: bol-.
talkative: badbade; gappishth.
tall: unch.
Tamarind: chinch (F).
Tangerine: santre (N).
Tangle: gunta (M).
Tank:
1. taki (F); haud (M);
2. (artificial lake) talaw (M).
Tap: nal (M).
Tape: phit; (measuring/recording) tep
(F).
Tape recorder: (M) tep rekardar.
Tariff: tæriph (M).
Taste: chaw (F).
*taste: chaw ghe-; chakh-.
taut: tath; tanlele.
*tax: kar basaw-.
Taxi: tæksi (F).
Tea: chaha (M,F).
*teach: shikaw-.
Teacher: shikshak (M), shikshika (F).
Teak: sag, sagwan (M).
Team: sangh (M).
Tear (drop) ashru (M).
*tear: (I) phat-; (T) phad-.
*tears, to shed: ashru dhal-.
*tease: tingal kar-; cheshta kar-.
Teasing: tingal (F); cheshta (F); thatta Theator: thiyetar (N); natakgrih (N).
(F). Theft: chori (F).
technical: tantrik. then: tewha; mag; (later) nantar.
technically: tantrikdrishtya. then (since then): tewhapasun.
Technique: tantra (N). then (till then) tewhaparyant.
Telegram: tar (F). then (just then) tewdhyat.
*telegraph: tar kar-. there: tithe; (that way: thither) tikde.
Telephone: phon (M); teliphon. there, from: tithun; tikdun; tithapasun.
Telephone call: (M) phon. there, up to: tithaparyant.
*telephone: phon kar-. therefore: mhanun.
Television: tiwhi, teliwhijan thereupon: tewdhyat.
*tell: sang-. Thesis: prabandh (N).
Temper: swabhaw (M); ragitpana (M). thick: dat; ghatt; jad.
Temperament: swabhaw (M). Thickness: jadi (F).
Temperature: Thief: chor (M).
1. tapman (N); ushnataman (N). Thigh: mandi (F).
2. (fever) tap (M). thin:
*temperature, to get a: (R) tap ye-. 1. (consistency, breadth, density)
Temple: deul (N); mandir (N). patal.
temporary/temporarily: tatpurte. 2. (sheer) jhirjhirit; (threadbare)
Tenant: bhadekaru (M). wirwirit
Tendency: kal (M). 3. (skinny) hadkule; rod.
tender: kowle; premal. 4. (fine) barik.
Tenement: chal (F). Thing:
tense (taut) tang; tanlele. 1. wastu (F); gosht (F); dag (M);
Tension: tan (M); tanaw (M). jinnas (M);
Tent: tambu (M); (small nomadic) pal 2. padarth (M); (things) saman (N).
(N). *think: (T) wichar kar-; (R) wat-.
Term: (fixed period) mudat (F). third: tisre.
Terrace: gachchi (F). Thirst: tahan (F).
terrible: bhayankar; bhayanak. thirsty: tahanele.
terribly: bhayankar; atishay. *thirsty, to feel (R) tahan lag-.
Terror: this (like this): ase, (this sort) asle.
dahashat (F); (fear) bhay (N), bhiti Thorn: kata (M).
(F). though: jari.
Terrorism: dahashatwad (M). Thought: wichar (M).
Terrorist: dahashatwadi (M). thousand: hajar.
Test: chachni (F); pariksha (F). Thread: dhaga, dora (M); (cotton) sut
*test: chachni ghe; pariksha ghe-. (N).
*test, to take a: pariksha de-. Threat: dhamaki (F).
Testimony: saksh (F). *threaten: dhamaki de-.
Textbook: kramik pustak, tekstbuk three (of persons): tighe.
(N). three-fourths (3/4): paun.
Textile: kapad (N). *thresh: mal-.
th (ordinal number suffix after 4th): - Threshing: malni (F).
we. Threshold: umbartha (M).
than: -peksha. thrice: tinda.
thanks: thenkyu; (much) dhanyawad. Thrift: katkasar (F).
thanks (I’m grateful): abhari ahe. *thrive: pos-; bharbharat ho-.
that is: mhanje. Throat: gala (M); (inside) ghasa (M).
*throat, to have a sore: ghasa dukh-.
Throne: gadi (F); (“lion-thr.”)
simhasan (N).
through: -madhun, -tun.
through the agency of: -marphat.
*throw: tak-; phek-.
*throw off: phekun de-; jhugarun de-.
*throw out: ghalaw-, baher kadh-.
Thumb: angtha (M).
*thumb through: chal-.
thus: tase.
Ticket: tikit (N).
*tidy: nitnetake awar-.
Tie: bandhan (N).
*tie: bandh-
Tiger: wagh (M).
tight/tightly: ghatt.
*tighten: awal; ghatt kar-.
Time:
1. (duration) wel, kal (M).
2. (occasion) wel (F).
Time (free time): sawad (F).
time (all the time): rahun rahun.
time (at that time): tya weli.
time (from time to time):
adhunmadhun;
kadhikadhi; kadhimadhi.
time (on time) welewar.
time (what time is it?): kiti wajle?
time (at what time?) kiti wajta?
times (follows a number, ekda: ‘once’):
-da.
Timetable: welapatrak (N); taimtebal
(N).
timid: bhitre.
Tip: (end) tok (N); (fee) bakshis (N);
tip (F).
*tip: (fall) kaland-.
*tire (become tired): dam-; thak-.
tired: damlele.
*tired of: (R) kantala ye-.
to: -la, -war, -at, -kade, -pashi.
to (eg, from one to ten: ‘ek te daha’):
te.
*toast: bhaj-.
today: aj.
Toe:
1. payache bot (N);
2. (big) payacha angtha (M).
Toenail: (N) nakh.
together: ekatra; -barobar.
Toilet: sandas, bathrum, toylet (M).
Tomato: tamato (M).
tomorrow: udya.
Ton: tan (M).
Tone: swar (M); sur (M).
Tonga (horse-carriage): tanga (M).
Tongue: jibh (F).
tonight: aj ratri.
too: -suddha, -hi.
Tool: awjar (N); hatyar (M).
Tooth: dat (M).
Toothbrush: (M) tuthbrash.
Toothpaste: (F) tuthpest.
torn: phatke; phatlele.
Total: berij (F).
totally: par; purnpane.
Touch: sparsh (M).
*touch: shiw-; sparsh kar-.
tough: nibar; jun.
Tour: phirti (F); daura (M).
*tour, to go on: phirtiwar ja-; daura
kar-.
towards: -kade.
Towel: tawel (M).
Tower: manora (M).
Town: nagar (N); gaw (N).
Toy: khelne (N).
Tractor: træktar (M).
Trade: dhanda (M); wyapar (M).
Tradition: parampara (F).
traditional: paramparik.
Traffic: rahadari (F); wahatuk (F).
Trailer: trali (F).
Train: aggadi, gadi (F); (express)
ekspres (F)
*train: shikaw-; shikshan de-.
trained: shiklele; kushal; kaslele.
Training: shikshan (N); trening (N).
Tranquility: shanti (F).
Transfer: badali (F).
transparent: paradarshak.
Trash: kachara (M); ker (M).
Translation: bhashantar (M).
*translate: bhashantar kar-.
Transport: wahatuk (F).
*transport: wahatuk kar-.
Trap: sapla (M); (snare) phas (M).
*trap: saplyat pakad-; kondi kar-.
Travel: prawas (M).
*travel: prawas kar-.
Traveller: prawasi (M).
Treasury: trejhari (F); khajina (M).
Treat (“eats”): (M) khau.
*treat:
1. (behave towards) wagaw-.
2. (as a doctor) upchar kar-.
Treatment: ilaj (M); upchar (M).
Tree: jhad (N); wriksh (M).
tremendous: prachand.
Trial: chachni (F); (court) khatla (M).
Tribe: toli (F).
*trim: kap-; chhat-.
Trip:
1. sahal (F); trip (F); wari (F);
prawas (M).
2. (fruitless) helpata (M); kheta (M
Pl).
triple: tippat.
trivial: phaltu; kshullak; mamuli.
Trouble: tras (M); katkat (F).
Trousers: pænt.
Truck: trak (M); lari (F).
true: khare; satya.
truly: khare; kharokhar; kharekhure.
Trunk: trank, peti (F); (tree) khod (N).
Truth: satya (N).
Try: prayatna (M).
*try: prayatna kar-.
Tube: nali (F); tyub (F).
Tuition: shikawni (F).
*tumble down: dhasal-; kosal-.
Tune: chal (F).
Tunnel: bogda (F).
Turban:
mundase, pagote (N); pheta (M);
pagdi (F).
Turmeric: halad (plural: haldi) (F).
*turn: (I) wal-, phir-; (T) walaw-,
phiraw-.
*turn away: ghalaw-.
*turn on: law-.
*turn off: band kar-.
*turn over: ulat-; ulath-.
twice: donda.
Twig: kadi (F); (dry twig) katki (F).
Twin/twins: jule/juli (N).
*twist: (I) murgal-; (T) murgal-,
pirgal-.
two (of persons): doghe.
two or three (a few): dontin.
Type: prakar (M); tarha (F).
type (of a type): prakarche, tarheche.
Typewriter: taipraytar (M).
U
ugly: kurup.
Umbrella: chhatri (F).
Umpire: panch (M).
unbroken: (whole)akhand;
(intact)shabut.
Uncle:
1. (father’s brother) kaka (M); chulta
(M).
2. (mother’s brother) mama (M).
uncomfortable: (uneasy) aswasth.
unconscious: beshuddh.
uncontrolled: bepham; anirbandh.
uncultivated (fallow): padik.
under: -khali, khalun.
under supervision: hatakhali.
underneath: khali.
Underpants: chaddi (F).
Undershirt: ganjiphrak (M); baniyan
(M).
*understand: (T) samaj-; (R) samaj-,
kal-.
*undertake (take in hand): hati ghe-.
underway: suru; chalu.
unemployed: bekar.
Unemployment: bekari (F).
unengaged: mokle; rikame.
uneven: khadbadit; wisham.
unexpected: anapekshit.
unexpectedly: anapeksjhitpane;
achanak.
unfinished: apurn.
unfortunate: durdaiwi.
unfortunately: durdaiwane.
unhappy: duhakhi.
unimportant: phaltu; jhullak.
uninteresting: kantalwana; noras;
ruksh.
uninterruptedly: akhand; khal na
padta.
unirrigated: jirait; kordwahu.
Unity: ekya (N); eki (F).
Universe: wishwa (N).
University: yuniwharsiti (F);
widyapith (N).
unmarried: awiwahit.
unnecessary: anawshyak. Valley: dari (F).
unnecessarily: winakaran; Value:
ugach/ugich. 1. mulya (N);
unoccupied: rikame; mokle. 2. (price) mulya (N), kimmat (F).
unorganized: asanghatit. Variety: jat (F); prakar (M).
*unravel: ulgad-; ukal-. various: nirnirale; wegwegle.
unrealistic/unreasonable: awastaw. Veda: wed (M).
unripe: kachche. vedic: waidik.
*unroll: ulgad-. Vegetable: bhaji (F); (leafy) palebhaji
until: -paryant, -war. (F).
until then: toparyant; towar. Vegetable curry: bhaji (F); rassa (M).
untouchable: asprishya; dalit. Vegetable seller: malin (F); bhajiwala
unusual: wilakshan. (M).
unwieldy: bojad. vegetarian: shakahari.
up: war, -war. Vegetarian food: shakahar.
up to (until): -paryant, -war. Vehicle: wahan (N).
*up, get: uth-. Veranda: wharanda (M); osari (F).
Upbringing: sanskar (M Pl); sangopan very: pushkal; phar; khup; atishay;
(N). agdi.
upper: warche. very much: atishay.
Upper storey: madi (F); warcha majla Vessel (cooking) bhande (N).
(M). via: -marge, -tun.
upright: ubhe. Vice (addiction): wyasan (N).
Ups and downs: chadhutar (M Pl). vicinity, in the: -aspas, -jawalpas.
upside down: ulate. Victim: bali (M).
upstairs: war; warti; warchya Victory: jay, wijay (M); (success)
majlyawar. yash (M).
urban: shahari. Viewing: darshan (N).
Urge: (desire) ichchha (F). Vilification: ninda (F).
*urge: agrah kar-. *vilify: ninda kar-.
Urging: agrah (M). Village: khede (N); khedegaw (N).
Urinal: (F) mutari. Villager: gawkari (M).
Urine: mut, mutra (N); laghwi (F). Villain: (of a story) khalnayak (M).
*urinate: laghwi kar-; mut-. Vine: wel (M,F).
*urinate, go to: laghwila ja-. Vinegar: siraka (M).
Use: upyog (M); wapar (M). Violence: himsachar (M).
*use: wapar-, upyog kar-. *visible, be: (I) dis-.
*used up, be: samp-. Vision: drishti (F).
useful: upyukta. Visit: bhet (F).
useless: nirupyogi. *visit: bhet-; bhet de-.
usual: nehmiche. Voice:
usually: bahudha/bahutek; awaj (M); (singing voice) gala,
samanyapane usually (not usually): awaj (M).
sahasa nahi. Volunteer: swayansewak (M).
*utter: uchchar-. Vomiting: ulti (F); wanti (F); okari (F).
V *vomit: (R) ulti ho-; okari ho-.
Vacation: suti (F). Vote: mat (N).
Vaccine: las (F). *vote: matdan kar-.
Vacuum: pokli (F). Voting: matdan (N).
vague: mogham. Vow: wrat (N); pratidnya (F).
W way (in that way): tyapramane.
Wages:
pagar (M); (for manual labor)
majuri (F).
Waist: kambar, kamar (F).
*wait: thamb-.
*wait for someone: wat pah-.
*wake up: (I) uth-, jage ho-; (T)
uthaw-.
*walk: chal-; chalat ye-; chalat ja-.
*walk, to go for a: phir-, phirayla ja-.
Walking: chalne (N).
Wall: bhint (F).
Wallet: pakit (N); paishache pakit (N).
*wander: bhatak-; hind-, phir-.
*want: (R) pahije, ichchha as-, hawe
as-.
*want (not to want): (R) nako/naka.
War: ladhai (F); yuddh (N).
warm: garam; ubdar; (lukewarm)
komat.
Warmth: ub (F); ushnata (F).
*wash: dhu-; (dishes) ghas-.
*wash the floor: pochara mar-.
*wash one’s hair: nha-.
Washerman: parit (M); dhobi (M).
Washing: dhune (N).
*washing, to do the: dhune dhu-.
Waste: kachara (M); (-paper) raddi
(F).
*waste: udaw-, ghalaw-; phukat
ghalaw-.
wasted: phukat; waya.
Watch (timepiece): ghadyal (N).
*watch: pah-, bagh-.
Watchman: rakhandar (M); wachman
(M).
Water: pani (N).
*water: pani de-; bhijaw-.
Waterfall: dhabdhaba (M).
Water heater: bamb (M).
watery: panchat; (thin) patal.
Wave: (ocean etc) lat (F).
*wave: hat kar-, hat halaw-.
Way:
1. (road, path) wat (F); marg, rasta
(M).
2. (manner) paddhat (F); rit (F),
tarha (F).
way (in the way): -ad.
weak:
1. (lacking vitality) ashakta.
2. (powerless) dubale; durbal.
Weakness: ashaktapana, dublepana
(M).
Wealth: paisa (M); shrimanti, sampatti
(F)
Weapon: hatyar (N); shastra (N).
*wear (put on): ghal-; (wraparound)
nes-.
*wear out: (I) jhij-.
*wear down: (T) jhijaw-.
Weather: hawa (F); hawaman (N).
*weave: win-.
Weaver: winkar (M); koshti (M).
Wedding: lagna (N).
Wedding invitation card: lagna patrika
(F).
Week: athawda (M).
weekly: saptahik.
*weed: khurap-; khurpan kar-.
Weeding: khurpan (F).
*weigh: wajan kar-; wajan as-.
Weight: wajan (N).
Welcome: swagat (N).
*welcome: swagat kar-.
Well (water storage): wihir (F).
well:
1. (in a good manner) changle;
chhan.
2. (without a hitch) suralit.
3. (in good health) bare; khushal.
well arranged: wyawasthit.
well cooked: purn shijawle.
well done: shabas!
West: pashchim (F).
western: pashchattya.
wet: ole.
*wet: (T) bhijaw-.
*wet, to get: (I) bhij-; ole ho-.
Wetness: olawa (M); ol (F).
what: kay; (which) konte.
what (of what): (what sort) kashache.
what kind of: kasle.
Wheel: chak (N).
when: kadhi; kewha.
when ... then: jewha ... tewha.
where: kuthe, kuthun.
where ... there: jithe ... tithe; jikde ... Wisdom: shahanpana (M), dnyan (N).
tikde. wise: shahane.
where (from where): kuthpasun; Wish: ichchha (F); marji (F).
kuthun. with: -kade; -jawal; -shi; -pashi; -
where (up to where) kuthparyant. sakat.
which: konte, kuthle; konkonte with (along with): -sobat, -barobar.
(plural). *withdraw (take out): kadh-.
While (long/short): barach/thoda wel *wither: (I) komej-, galun pad-.
(M). within: at, -at.
while, in a little: thodya welane. without: (except with) -shiway, -
while, once in a: kadhikadhi. wachun.
while ... then: jar ... tar. Woman: bai (F); stri (F).
*whine: radgane ga-. Wonder: nawal (N).
Whining: radgane (N). Wood, piece of wood: lakud (N).
whining, given to: radya. wooden: lakdache.
Whip: chabuk (M). Woods: jangal (N).
Whisper: kujbuj (F). Wool: lokar (F).
*whisper: kujbuj-. woolen: lokri; lokriche.
Whistle: shitti (F). Word: shabda (M).
*whistle: shitti wajaw-, shitti mar-. Work:
white: pandhre; saphet. 1. kam (N); karya (N); (job) nokri
whitish: pandhrat. (F).
who: kon. 2. (on daily wages) rojgar (M).
whole: 3. (hard) shram (M Pl).
1. (entire): sagle; sampurn. 4. (hard physical) kasht (M Pl).
2. (unbroken) akhand. *work: kam kar-, mehnat kar-.
3. (intact) shabut. Worker:
whole (the whole ... full): -bhar. 1. kamgar (M); (servant) nokar.
whole (on the whole): ekandar; ekun. 2. (clerk) karkun, klark (M).
wholesome: sakas; arogyadayak. World:
whose: konache. 1. jag (N); duniya (F).
why: ka; kashasathi; kashala. 2. (temporal) samsar (M).
Wick: wat (F). Worm: ali (F); (parasite) jantu (N).
wide: rund. wormy: kidke; kidlele.
Widow(er): widhur (M); widhwa (F). worn out: jhijlele.
Width: rundi (F); (of cloth) panha (M). *worn out, to get: jhij-.
Wife: bayko (F); patni (F). Worry: kalji (F); chinta (F).
wild: jangli. worry, free from: nishchint.
wildly: bephampane. *worry: kalji kar-; chinta kar-.
*win: jink-. Worship: puja (F); (Muslim) namaj
Wind: wara (M). (M).
*wind a clock: killi de-. Worthiness: layaki (F); patrata (F).
Window: khidki (F); (small) jharoka worthy: layak; patra.
(M). Wound: jakham (F).
Wing: pankh (M). *wound: ghayal kar-; dukhaw-.
*winnow: pakhad-; waraw-; wadhaw-. wounded: jakhmi; ghayal.
Winter: hiwala (M). *wrap around: gundal-; lapet-.
*wipe: pus-. Wrestler: mall (M); pahilwan (M).
*wipe off with fingers: nipat-. Wrestling: kusti (F).
Wire: tar (F). *wrestle: kusti khel-; kusti kar-.
*wring: pil-. yes: ho; hoy; (yes indeed!) ho ki!
Wrinkle: surkuti (F). yesterday: kal.
*wrinkled, to get: surkut-; churgal-. yet: ajun.
*write: lihi-. yet (not just yet): ajun nahi.
Writer: lekhak (M), lekhika (F). Yield: utpann (N).
Writing: lekhan (N). *yield: utpann de-.
written: lekhi. Yogurt: dahi (N).
wrong: chukiche. young: tarun, lahan.
Y younger: dhakte; lahan.
Yard: (of house) angan (N); (3 feet) Youth: jawan, tarun (M); tarunya (N).
war (M) Z
Year: warsh (N); sal (N). Zeal: utsah (M).
year (in this year): hyawarshi. zealous: utsahi.
year (this year): yanda. Zero: shunya (N).
yellow: piwle. Zoo: pranisangrahalay (N).

Irregular verbs:
special stem forms with past tense.
bagh- (baghitle); bhi- (bhyale); de- (dile); dhu- (dhutle); ga- (gayle); ghal- (ghatle);
ghe- (ghetle); ho- (jhale); ja- (gele); kar- (kele); kha- (khalle); lih/lihi- (lihile);
mag- (magitle); mar- (mele); mhan- (mhanale/mhatle); mil- (milale); nigh- (nighale);
pah- (pahile); pal- (palale); pi- (pyale); poh- (pohole); rah- (rahile); sang-
(sangitle); wah- (wahile); ye- (ale).

Pronoun Table
Straight Object Possessive
mi ‘I’ mala majhe
tu ‘you’ Sing.* tula tujhe
to (M) ‘he, that’ tyala tyache
ti (F) ‘she, that’ tila tiche
te (N) ‘it, that’ tyala tyache
amhi ‘we’ exclusive amhala amche
apan ‘we’ inclusive aplyala aple
tumhi ‘you’ Plural tumhala tumche
te(M), tya(F), ti(N) tyana tyanche
‘they, those’
ha(M/N) ‘he/it, this’ hyala hyache
hi(F) ‘she, this’ hila hiche
he(M) hya(F) hi(N) hyana hyanche
‘they, these’
jo (M), je (N) jyala jyache
ji (F) ‘the one who’ jila jiche
je(M), jya (F), ji (N) jyãna jyanche
‘the ones who’
koni ‘someone’ konala** konache**
kon ‘who’ konala** konache**
kase ‘what kind of’ kashala kashache
swatha ‘oneself’’ swathala swathache
*For 2nd person sing, the familiar form is
tu; the respectful form is tumhi (plural).
**kunala and kunache may also be used.

Numbers:
1/4 paw 1/2 ardhe
3/4 pawne 1-1/4 sawwa
1-1/2 did 2-1/2 adich

ek (1), don (2), tin (3), char (4), pach (5), saha (6), sat (7), ath (8), nau (9), daha (10),
akra (11), bara (12), tera (13), chauda (14), pandhra (15), sola (16), satra (17), athra
(18), ekonis (19), wis (20), ekwis (21), bawis (22), tewis (23), chowis (24), panchwis
(25), sawwis (26), sattawis (27), aththawis (28), ekontis (29), tis (30), ektis (31),
battis (32), tehtis (33), chautis (34), pastis (35), chhattis (36), sadatis (37), adatis
(38), ekonchalis (39), chalis (40), ekkechalis (41), bechalis (42), trechalis (43),
chawwechalis (44), panchechalis (45), shehechalis (46), sattechalis (47), aththechalis
(48), ekonpannas (49), pannas (50), ekkawan (51), bawan (52), trepan (53), chopan
(54), panchawan (55), chhappan (56), sattawan (57), aththawan (58), ekonsath (59),
sath (60), eksast (61), basasht (62), tresasht (63), chausasht (64), pasasht (65),
sahasasht (66), sadusasht (67), adusasht (68), ekonsattar (69), sattar (70), ekkahattar
(71), bahattar (72), tryahattar (73), chauryahattar (74), panchyahattar (75), shahattar
(76), sattyahattar (77), aththyahattar (78), ekonainshi (79), ainshi (80), ekkyaainshi
(81), byaainshi (82), tryaainshi (83), chauryaainshi (84), panchyaainshi (85),
shahaainshi (86), sattyaainshi (87), aththyaainshi (88), ekonnawwad (89), nawwad
(90), ekkyannaw (91), byannaw (92), tryannaw (93), chauryannaw (94), panchannaw
(95), sahannaw (96), sattyannaw (97), aththyannaw (98), nawwyannaw (99), ekshe
shambhar(100), ekshe ek (101), ekshe don (102), donshe (200), donshe ek (201), etc.