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ArmatureWinding|PolePitchCoilSpanCommutatorPitch|Electrical4u

ArmatureWinding|PolePitchCoilSpanCommutatorPitch
Next
Now we are going to discuss about armature winding in details. Before going through this section, we should understand
somebasictermsrelatedtoarmaturewindingofDCgenerator.

PolePitch
DefinitionofPolePitch
The pole pitch is defined as peripheral distance between center of two adjacent poles in DC machine. This distance is
measuredintermofarmatureslotsorarmatureconductorcomebetweentwoadjacentpolecenters.
Thisisnaturallyequaltothetotalnumberofarmatureslotsdividedbynumberofpolesinthemachine.
Ifthereare96slotsonthearmatureperipheryand4numbersofpolesinthemachine,thenumbersofarmatureslotscome
betweentwoadjacentpolescenterswouldbe96/4=24.Hence,thepolepitchofthatDCmachinewouldbe24.

As it is seen that, pole pitch is equal to total numbers of armature slots divided by total numbers of poles, this can
alternativelyreferredasarmatureslotsperpole.

CoilSpanorCoilPitch
Coilofdcmachineismadeupofoneturnormultiturnsoftheconductor.Ifthecoilismadeupofsingleturnorsingleloopof
conductor,itiscalledsingleturncoil.Ifthecoilismadeupofmorethanoneturnofconductor,itisreferredasmultiturncoil.
Asingleturncoilwillhaveoneconductorpersideofthecoilwhereasinmultiturnscoil,therewillbemultipleconductorsper
sideofthecoil.Whatevermaybethenumberofconductorspersideofthecoil,eachcoilsideisplacedinsideonearmature
slot only. That means all conductors of one side of a particular coil must be placed in one single slot only. Similarly, all
conductorsofothersideofthecoilareplacedinanothersinglearmatureslot.

DefinitionofCoilSpan
Coil span is defined as peripheral distance between two sides of a coil, measured in terms of number of armature slots
betweenthem.Thatmeans,afterplacingonesideofthecoilinaparticularslot,afterhowmanyconjugativeslots,theother
sideofthesamecoilisplacedonthearmature.Thisnumberisknownascoilspan.

If the coil span is equal to the pole pitch, then the armature winding is said to be full pitched. At this situation, two
oppositesidesofthecoillieundertwooppositepoles.Henceemfinducedinonesideofthecoilwillbein180phaseshiftwith
emfinducedintheothersideofthecoil.Thus,totalterminalvoltageofthecoilwillbenothingbutthedirectarithmeticsumof
thesetwoemfs.

Ifthecoilspanislessthanthepolepitch,thenthewindingisreferredasfractionalpitched.Inthiscoil,therewillbeaphase
differencebetweeninducedemfsintwosides,lessthan180.Henceresultantterminalvoltageofthecoilisvectorsumof
thesetwoemfsanditislessthanthatoffullpitchedcoil.

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Inpractice,coil pitch (or Span) as low as eight tenth of a Pole Pitch, is employed without much serious reduction in emf.
Fractional pitched windings are purposely used to effect substantial saving in copper of the end connection and for
improvingcommutation.

PitchofArmatureWinding

BackPitch(Yb)
Acoiladvancesonthebackofthearmature.Thisadvancementismeasuredintermsofarmatureconductorsandiscalled
backpitch.Itisequaltothenumberdifferenceoftheconductorconnectedtoagivensegmentofthecommutator.

FrontPitch(Yf)
Thenumberofarmatureconductorsorelementsspannedbyacoilonthefrontiscalledfrontpitch.
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Alternatively, the front pitch may be defined as the
distance between the second conductor of the next coil which are
connected together at the front i.e. commutator end of the armature. In other words, it is the number difference of the
conductorsconnectedtogetheratthebackendofthearmature.Bothfrontandbackpitchesforlapandwavewindingsare
showninthefigurebelow.

ResultantPitch(Y)
Itisthedistancebetweenthebeginningofonecoilandthebeginningofthenextcoiltowhichitisconnected.
As a matter of precautions, it should be kept in mind that all these pitches, though normally stated in terms of armature
conductors,arealsotimesofarmatureslotsorcommutatorbars.

CommutatorPitch
Commutatorpitchisdefinedasthedistancebetweentwocommutatorsegmentswhichtwoendsofsamearmaturecoilare
connected.Commutatorpitchismeasuredintermsofcommutatorbarsorsegment.

SingleLayerArmatureWinding
Armaturecoilsidesareplacedinthearmatureslotsindifferentmanner.Insomearrangement,eachslotisoccupiedbyone
sideofanarmaturecoil.Inotherwordsonecoilsidesisplacedineacharmatureslot.Thisarrangementisreferredassingle
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layerwinding.

TwoLayerArmatureWinding
In other types of armature Winding, arrangement every armature slot is occupied by two coil sides, one on upper half and
otheronlowerhalfoftheslot.Thecoilsintwolayerswindingaresoplaced,thatifonesideisplacedonupperhalfoftheslot
thenothersideisplacedonthelowerhalfofsomeotherslotatadistanceofonecoilpitchaway.

WaveWinding

ConstructionofDCMotor|
YokePolesArmature...

ArmatureWindingofAlternator

ConstructionofAlternator

LapWindingSimplexand
DuplexLapWinding

WindingFactor|PitchFactor|
DistributionFa...

CommutationinDCMachine
orCommutationinDC...

WorkingPrincipleofThree
PhaseInductionMotor

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