Mobile Computing

(Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) Pattern) New Syllabus

(For B. Sc. Computer Science, B,.Sc, Electronics, BCA, M.Sc. Computer Science,
M.Sc.(CS), M.Sc.(IT) and MCA Courses)

By

P.Rizwan Ahmed, MCA., M.Sc.,M.A.,M.Phil.,{Ph.D),

Head of the Department
Department of Computer Applications &
PG Dept. of Information Technology
Mazharul Uloom College, Ambur - 635 802
Vellore Dist. Tamil Nadu.

Margham Publications
No.24, Rameswaram Road, T- Nager,
Chennai- 600 017 Phone:(044) 2432 2469
Web Site: www.margham.in
E-mail: www.margham.tn@gmail.com

CONTENTS
Preface
Acknowledgement

Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Distinction between "Wireless" and "Mobile."
1.3 Challenges in Mobile Computing
1.4 Definition
1.5 Comparison between Wired Network and Mobile Network
1.6 Need for Mobile Computing
1.7 Merits of Mobile Computing
1.8 Demerits of Mobile Computing
1.9 Applications of Mobile Computing
1.9.1 Vehicles
1.9.2 Emergencies
1.9.3 Business
1.9.4 Credit Card Verifications
1.9.5 Replacement of Wired Networks
1.9.6 Infotainment
1.10 Limitations of Mobile Computing
1.11 Mobile and Wireless Devices

Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 2

History of Wireless Communication

2.1 Overview
2.2 Mobile Communication Market
2.3 A Simplified Reference Model
Summary
Review Question
Chapter 3
3.1 Overview

Wireless Transmissions

3.2 Frequencies for Radio Transmission

3.3 Signals
3.4 Antennas
3.4.1 Types of Antennas
3.5 Signal Propagation
3.6 Multiplexing
3.6.1 Space Division Multiplexing
3.6.2 Frequency Division Multiplexing
3.6.3 Time Division Multiplexing
3.6.4 Code Division Multiplexing
3.7 Modulation
3.7.1 Types of Modulation
3.7.1.1 Analog Modulation
3.7.1.2 Digital Modulation
3.7.1.2.1 Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
3.7.1.2.2 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
3.7.1.2.3 Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
3.7.1.2.4 Advanced Phase Shift Keying
3.7.1.2.5 Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)
3.7.1.2.6 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
3.8 Spread Spectrum
3.8.1 Benefits of Spread Spectrum
3.8.2 Types of Spread Spectrum
3.8.2.1 Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
3.8.2.2 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
Summary
Review Question

Chapter 4

Medium Access Control(MAC)

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Motivation for a Specialized Mac
4.2.1Hidden and Exposed Terminals
4.2.2 Near and Far Terminals
4.3 Access Mechanisms
4.3.1 Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)
4.3.2 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
4.3.3 Time Division Multiple Access (1TDMA)
4.3.3.1 Fixed TDM
4.3.3.2 Classical Aloha
4.3.3.3 Slotted Aloha
4.3.3.4 Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)

4.3.3.5 Demand Assigned Multiple Access

4.3.3.6 Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (MACA)
4.3.3.7 Polling
4.3.3.8 Inhibit sense multiple access
4.3.4 CDMA
4.3.4.1 Spread Aloha multiple access (SAMA)
4.4 Comparison of S/T/ F/CDMA
Summary
Review Question
Chapter 5

Telecommunication Systems

5.1 GSM
5.1.1 Mobile Services
5.2 System Architecture / Architecture of the GSM system
5.3 GSM Protocols
5.4 DECT
5.5 TETRA
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 6
6.1 Introduction
6.2 History
6.3 How do Satellites Work?
6.4 Advantages of Satellites
6.5 Disadvantages of Satellites
6.6 Applications of Satellites
6.7 Basics
6.8 Types of Satellites (Based on Orbits)
6.8.1 Geostationary Orbit (GEO)
6.8.2 Low-Earth Orbit (LEO)
6.8.3 Medium-Earth Orbit (MEO)
6.8.4 Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO)
6.9 Difference between LEO, MEO and GEO
6.10 Routing
6.11 Localization
6.12 Handover
Summary
Review Questions

Satellite Systems

Chapter 7

Broadcast Systems

7.1 Overview
7.2 Cyclic repetition of data
7.3 Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB)
7.3.1 Multimedia Object Transfer Protocol (MOT)
7.4 Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB
7.4.1 DVB data broadcasting
7.4.2 DVB for high-speed Internet access
7.5 Difference between DAB and DVB
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 8

Mobile Network Layer

8.1 Mobile IP
8.2 Need for Mobile IP
8.3 How Mobile IP Works
8.4 Goals and Assumptions
8.5 Requirements to Mobile IP
8.6 Entities and Terminologies
8.7 IP Packet Delivery
8.8 Tunneling and Encapsulation
8.9 Optimization
8.10 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
8.11 Ad hoc networks
8.11.1 Routing
8.11.2 Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV)
8.11.3 Dynamic Source Routing
8.11.4 Alternative Metrics
Summary
Review Questions
Chatper-9
9.1 Traditional TCP
9.1.1 Congestion Control
9.1.2 Slow Start and Congestion Avoidance
9.1.3 Fast retransmit/fast recovery
9.1.4 Implications on mobility
9.2 Classical TCP Improvements
9.2.1 Indirect TCP (I-TCP)
9.2.2 Snooping TCP

Mobile Transport Layer

9.2.3 Mobile TCP

9.2.4 Fast retransmit/fast recovery
9.2.5 Transmission/time-out freezing
9.2.6 Selective retransmission
9.2.7 Transaction oriented TCP (T/TCP)
9.3 Comparison of different approaches for a mobile TCP
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 10
10.1 Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
10.2 Primary goals of WAP
10.3 Why Choose WAP?
10.4 WAP Architecture
10.5 Working of WAP
10.6 Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP)
10.7 Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS)
10.8 Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP)
10.9 Wireless Session Protocol (WSP)
10.10 Wireless Application Environment (WAE)
10.11 Wireless markup language (WML)
10.11.1 Features of WML
10.11.2 WML Script
10.11.3 WML Language Syntax
10.12 Wireless Telephony Application (WTA)
Summary
Review Questions
APPENDIX A; Two Marks Questions with Answer
APPENDIX B: Model Question Papers

Wireless Application Protocols (WAP)