Problems

Note: Pressures are absolute unless otherwise stated.

11.1 Determine the specific enthalpy of the following:
(a) water at 500 k Pa and 700C
(b) water at 1.2 M Pa and 1700C
(c) saturated water and steam at 1 M Pa
(d) saturated water and steam at 1950C
(e) superheated steam at 10 M Pa and 4000C
(f) superheated steam at 15 M Pa and 4200C
(a) 293 Kj/kg (b) 721 Kj/kg (c) 763 Kj/kg; 2778 Kj/kg (d) 830
Kj/kg; 2790 kJ/kg (e) 3098 kJ/kg (f) 3054 Kj/kg
11.2 Determine the specific enthalpy and specific volume of steam in the
following conditions:
(a) 110 kPa, saturated
(b) 700 k Pa, dryness fraction 0.85
(c) 1400C, dryness fraction 0.7
(d) 1.05 MPa, dryness fraction 0.88
(a) 2680 Kj/kg; 1.55 m3/kg (b) 2454 Kj/kg; 0.232 m3/kg (c) 2091
Kj/kg; 0.358 m3/kg (d) 2539 Kj/kg; 0.163 m3/kg
11.3 Water boils in a sealed container to which a pressure gauge is fitted.
(a) If the temperature is 1320C, what is the pressure?
(b) If the pressure is 90 k Pa, what is the temperature?
(c) If the temperature is 1600C, what is the pressure?
(d) If the pressure is 645 k Pa, what is the temperature?
(a) 2680 Kj/kg; 1.55 m3/kg (b) 2454 Kj/kg; 0.232 m3/kg (c) 2091
Kj/kg; 0.358 m3/kg (d) 2539 Kj/kg; 0.163 m3/kg
11.4 Saturated steam at a pressure of 200 k Pa flows through a pipe of inside
diameter 200 mm with velocity 20 m/s. Determine the specific enthalpy,
temperature, and mass flow rate of the steam.
2707 kJ/kg; 1200C; 0.71 kg/s
11.5 If it is decided to superheat the steam in Problem 11.4 to a temperature
of 4000C at the same pressure, determine the heat-inflow rate necessary
to do this.
If the steam is then used for a used for a process-heating application,
and then leaves the process as condensate at 80 0C, determine the heatinflow rate to the process.

404 k W; 2.088 M W
11.6 Water at 200C and atmospheric pressure is converted to superheated
steam at 5 M Pa and 5000C. If the flow rate of the water is 5 L/s, calculate
the heat-input rate.
16.75 MW
11.7 Saturated steam at 400 k Pa (gauge) is to be used to provide heat in an
industrial process.
(a) What is the temperatue of the steam?
If 50 k W heat input is required, determine the mass-flew rate of the
steam if
(b) none of the enthalpy of the condensate is recovered;
(c) the condensate is cooled to 400C before leaving the process
(a)
1520C (b) 0.0237 KG/S
(c) 0.0194 kg/s
11.8 Steam at 600 kPa is generated at a rate of 3 kg/s from feedwater at
800C. Determine the heat-transfer rate in each case if the final condition
of the steam is
(a) saturated;
(b) we with dryness fraction 0.9;
(c) superheated to 4500C
(a)
7.27 M.W
(b) 6.64 M W (c) 9.12 M W
11.9 Saturated steam at a pressure of 1.6 MPa (gauge)passes through a pipe
of length 8 m. The rate of heat loss from the pipe is 120 W/m. The pipe is
sloped so that condensate collects at the end and passes through a
steam trap to the condensate receiver. Determine the mass of
condensate passing per hour through the steam trap.
Note: The mass flow of condensate is independent of the mass flow of
steam.
1.8 kg/h
11.10 Determine the heat necessary to convert 50 kg of water at 10 0C to
saturated steam at 200 k Pa (gauge). If the steam is stored at this
pressure, what volume of vessel is required?
134 MJ; 30.3 M3
11.11 The stord steam in Problem 11.10 loses heat a rate of 3.5 k W to the
surroundings.
(a) Determine the mass of steam which must be added per hour to the
vessel in order to maintain constant pressure.
(b) What is the condensate temperature?

(c) The condensate collects at the bootom of the vessel and is passed to
the condensate receiver via a steam trap. How much condensate will flow
in to the receiver over a 24 h period?
(a)
5.82 kg
(b) 1340C
(c) 140 kg

11.123 m3of steam at 280 kPa, dryness fraction 0.9, are mixed with 70 kg of
water at 160C. Determine the final temperature of the water, assuming
adiabatic conditions.
560C
11.13Steam at 2 MPa and dryness fraction 0.95 is passed through a pressurereducing valve.
(a) Determine the valve-pressure setting for the steam to leave in
saturated condition.
(b) Ifthe valve was set at 100 kPa, determine the condition and
temperature of the steam leaving the valve.
Assume no heat from the valve.
(a)
192 kPa
(b) superheated; 1140C
11.14A steam generator produces saturated steam, at 1.4 M Pa (gauge), at a
rate of 1200 kg/h from feedwater at 150C. The fuel is light fuel oil with
relative density 0.9 and energy content 44.5 MJ/kg. If the boiler efficiency
is 80%, determine the flow rate of fuel in litres per hour.
102.2 L/h
11.15Wet steam at a pressure of 250 kPa (gauge), is throttled and bubbled
through 12 kg of water at 220C in a barrel calorimeter. The mass of the
metal parts (stainless steel) of the calorimeter is 2.3 kg. The temperature
of the water at the end of the test is 56 0C, and the mass of water in the
calorimeter is then 12.7 kg.
Determine the dryness fraction of the steam.
(a) neglecting the heat capacity of the metal parts of the calorimeter.
(b) including the heat capacity of the metal parts of the calorimeter.
Note: The specific heat capacity of stainless steel is given in Appendix 4
(a)
0.969
(b) 0.993