aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

PMID- 18198331
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA - 20080116
DCOM- 20080313
LR - 20081121
IS - 0890-9369 (Print)
VI - 22
IP - 2
DP - 2008 Jan 15
TI - Understanding of bat wing evolution takes flight.
PG - 121-4
AD - Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
FAU - Cooper, Kimberly L
AU - Cooper KL
FAU - Tabin, Clifford J
AU - Tabin CJ
LA - eng
GR - F32 HD 052349/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR - R37 HD 32443/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
PT - Comment
PT - Journal Article
PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PL - United States
TA - Genes Dev
JT - Genes & development
JID - 8711660
RN - 0 (Homeodomain Proteins)
SB - IM
CON - Genes Dev. 2008 Jan 15;22(2):141-51. PMID: 18198333
MH - Animals
MH - Chiroptera/*genetics
MH - *Evolution
MH - Forelimb/anatomy & histology
MH - Fossils
MH - *Genetic Variation
MH - Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics
MH - Wing/*growth & development
EDAT- 2008/01/17 09:00
MHDA- 2008/03/14 09:00
CRDT- 2008/01/17 09:00
AID - 22/2/121 [pii]
AID - 10.1101/gad.1639108 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO - Genes Dev. 2008 Jan 15;22(2):121-4.
PMIDOWN STATDA DCOMLR IS VI IP DP TI -

16618938
NLM
MEDLINE
20060427
20060615
20081120
0027-8424 (Print)
103
17
2006 Apr 25
Development of bat flight: morphologic and molecular evolution of bat wing
digits.
PG - 6581-6

AB - The earliest fossil bats resemble their modern counterparts in possessing

greatly
elongated digits to support the wing membrane, which is an anatomical hall
mark of
powered flight. To quantitatively confirm these similarities, we performed
a
morphometric analysis of wing bones from fossil and modern bats. We found
that
the lengths of the third, fourth, and fifth digits (the primary supportive
elements of the wing) have remained constant relative to body size over th
e last
50 million years. This absence of transitional forms in the fossil record
led us
to look elsewhere to understand bat wing evolution. Investigating embryoni
c
development, we found that the digits in bats (Carollia perspicillata) are
initially similar in size to those of mice (Mus musculus) but that, subseq
uently,
bat digits greatly lengthen. The developmental timing of the change in win
g digit
length points to a change in longitudinal cartilage growth, a process that
depends on the relative proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes.
We
found that bat forelimb digits exhibit relatively high rates of chondrocyt
e
proliferation and differentiation. We show that bone morphogenetic protein
2
(Bmp2) can stimulate cartilage proliferation and differentiation and incre
ase
digit length in the bat embryonic forelimb. Also, we show that Bmp2 expres
sion
and Bmp signaling are increased in bat forelimb embryonic digits relative
to
mouse or bat hind limb digits. Together, our results suggest that an
up-regulation of the Bmp pathway is one of the major factors in the develo
pmental
elongation of bat forelimb digits, and it is potentially a key mechanism i
n their
evolutionary elongation as well.
AD - Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Section of
Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Science
s
Center, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
FAU - Sears, Karen E
AU - Sears KE
FAU - Behringer, Richard R
AU - Behringer RR
FAU - Rasweiler, John J 4th
AU - Rasweiler JJ 4th
FAU - Niswander, Lee A
AU - Niswander LA
LA - eng
SI - GENBANK/DQ279782
SI - GENBANK/DQ279783
SI - GENBANK/DQ279784
SI - GENBANK/DQ279785
GR - F32 HD050042-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
GR - HD32427/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States
PT - Comparative Study
PT - Journal Article

PT PT DEP PL TA JT erica
JID RN RN SB MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH PMC OID EDATMHDACRDTPHSTAID AID PST SO -

Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
20060417
United States
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of Am

PMIDOWN STATDA DCOMLR IS VI IP DP TI PG AB -

11353869
NLM
MEDLINE
20010524
20010719
20081120
0027-8424 (Print)
98
11
2001 May 22
Integrated fossil and molecular data reconstruct bat echolocation.
6241-6
Molecular and morphological data have important roles in illuminating
evolutionary history. DNA data often yield well resolved phylogenies for l

7505876
0 (Bone Morphogenetic Proteins)
0 (DNA, Complementary)
IM
Animals
Base Sequence
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics
Chiroptera/anatomy & histology/embryology/*genetics/*physiology
DNA, Complementary/genetics
*Evolution, Molecular
*Flight, Animal
Fossils
Mice
Molecular Sequence Data
Signal Transduction
Wing/*anatomy & histology/embryology/*physiology
PMC1458926
NLM: PMC1458926
2006/04/19 09:00
2006/06/16 09:00
2006/04/19 09:00
2006/04/17 [aheadofprint]
0509716103 [pii]
10.1073/pnas.0509716103 [doi]
ppublish
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Apr 25;103(17):6581-6. Epub 2006 Apr 17.

iving
taxa, but are generally unattainable for fossils. A distinct advantage of
morphology is that some types of morphological data may be collected for e
xtinct
and extant taxa. Fossils provide a unique window on evolutionary history a
nd may
preserve combinations of primitive and derived characters that are not fou
nd in
extant taxa. Given their unique character complexes, fossils are critical
in
documenting sequences of character transformation over geologic time and m
ay

elucidate otherwise ambiguous patterns of evolution that are not revealed

by
molecular data alone. Here, we employ a methodological approach that allow
s for
the integration of molecular and paleontological data in deciphering one o
f the
most innovative features in the evolutionary history of mammals-laryngeal
echolocation in bats. Molecular data alone, including an expanded data set
that
includes new sequences for the A2AB gene, suggest that microbats are parap
hyletic
but do not resolve whether laryngeal echolocation evolved independently in
different microbat lineages or evolved in the common ancestor of bats and
was
subsequently lost in megabats. When scaffolds from molecular phylogenies a
re
incorporated into parsimony analyses of morphological characters, includin
g
morphological characters for the Eocene taxa Icaronycteris, Archaeonycteri
s,
Hassianycteris, and Palaeochiropteryx, the resulting trees suggest that la
ryngeal
echolocation evolved in the common ancestor of fossil and extant bats and
was
subsequently lost in megabats. Molecular dating suggests that crown-group
bats
last shared a common ancestor 52 to 54 million years ago.
AD - Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
FAU - Springer, M S
AU - Springer MS
FAU - Teeling, E C
AU - Teeling EC
FAU - Madsen, O
AU - Madsen O
FAU - Stanhope, M J
AU - Stanhope MJ
FAU - de Jong, W W
AU - de Jong WW
LA - eng
SI - GENBANK/AF337537
SI - GENBANK/AF337538
SI - GENBANK/AF337539
SI - GENBANK/AF337540
SI - GENBANK/AF337541
SI - GENBANK/AF337542
SI - GENBANK/AF337543
PT - Journal Article
PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20010515
PL - United States
TA - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JT - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of Am
erica
JID - 7505876
RN - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
SB - IM
MH - Animals
MH - Base Sequence
MH - Chiroptera/classification/*genetics

MH MH MH MH MH MH MH PMC OID EDATMHDACRDTPHSTAID AID PST SO -

DNA, Complementary
Ecosystem
*Evolution, Molecular
*Fossils
Humans
Molecular Sequence Data
Phylogeny
PMC33452
NLM: PMC33452
2001/05/17 10:00
2001/07/20 10:01
2001/05/17 10:00
2001/05/15 [aheadofprint]
10.1073/pnas.111551998 [doi]
111551998 [pii]
ppublish
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 May 22;98(11):6241-6. Epub 2001 May 15.