BLHL 1212

BAHASA MANDARIN

INTRODUCTION
Tan Poh Ee

Learning Outcomes
At the end of the subject, students should be able to:
I. Demonstrate the ability to converse in Mandarin
with correct and accurate pronunciation and
respond to it accordingly (HPP5).
II. Identify basic vocabulary and demonstrate writing
skills (HPP5).
III. Interpret the information in the simple text and
construct sentences with correct grammar (HPP5).

Synopsis
This subject is designed for students who do not have
prior knowledge in Mandarin. It provides students
with the foundation of knowledge to enable them to
understand and respond in the oral and written forms.
This subject encompasses the listening, speaking,
reading and writing components. This subject aims to
help students to obtain enough exposure of the
Mandarin phonetics (Han Yu Pin Yin). The basic
grammar introduced is related to the language used
daily by the Chinese. Particular care is also taken to
ensure the development of verbal communication and
written skills in Mandarin.

Assessment

Percentage(%)

A. Course works (60%)

1.
2.
3.
4.

Test (Phonetic and Hanzi) week 6

MOOC Quizweek 12
Assignment : Writing Charactersweek 3
Presentation (Group recording & role play)
week 9

20
10
10
20

B. Final Examination (40%)

40

Total

100

Join MOOC Mandarin 1

1. Go to the website
www.openlearning.com/utemmooc
2. Create an account using your UTeM email
as the user name. Then set your own
password.
3. Select Mandarin 1 and click Join the
course.
4. Enrolment information: give your university name
(UTeM) and matric number. Place your lecturer name as
Ms Tan Poh Ee.
5. Visit class of Semester 1 2016-2017, find you group
according to your class and click join.
6. Go to Lesson and activities, enjoy your study of
Mandarin 1 via MOOC.

Textbook
Mari Belajar Mandarin
Cheong Kar Mee (2015).
Melaka: Penerbit Universiti
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia
Melaka.

References
Other texts:
Ang, L. H., & Ooi, B. L. (2012). Basic Chinese for Everyone.
Selangor: Pelanduk Publications.

Wu, J., & Bai, L. (2011). Chinese Grammar Step by Step.

Singapore: Cengage Learning Asia Pte.
Ltd.
Mattews, A., & Mattews, L. (2006). The First 100 Chinese
Characters. Hong Kong: Tuttle Publishing.
Soh, W. N., Chia, T. H., Liau, L. S., & Mok, S. S. (2009).
Conversational Mandarin Chinese for non-native speakers.
Selangor: Xueer Publisher.

 Online Dictionary
Apps
Library and Self Access
Language Lab (SALL) at PBPI

Part I Chinese Phonetic

(Hanyu Pinyin)
Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin, is the most common
variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. Hanyu
means the Chinese language, pin means spell and yin means
sound.
Pinyin uses the Latin alphabet to represent sounds in Standard
Mandarin. The way these letters represent sounds in Standard
Mandarin differs from other languages that use the Roman
alphabet. For example, the sounds indicated in pinyin by b and g
correspond more closely to the sounds indicated by p and k in
some Western uses of the Latin script.

The primary purpose to learn pinyin is to speak Standard

Mandarin. The system has been used to promote
Mandarin(Huayu/ Putong hua) and help people to learn it.

 One Chinese character is a syllable (suku kata)

and it is composed of 3 parts: Tones (nada),
The initials (konsonan) and The finals
(vokal), eg:
h + ao
initial
final

tone

ho ()
syllable

Hanyu Pinyin is the easier way to type the

Chinese text when sending SMS. It is also used
as an input method to enter Chinese characters
into computers.

1. Tones ( )
There are 4 basic tones mark as: /

The same syllable with different tones makes a

difference in meaning, example 1:
m: mother (5-5)
m: 1. a general term for hemp
2. numb (3-5)
m: horse (2-1-4)

m: scold (5-1)

2. Initials
It is the front portion of a syllable. There are 21
initials and divide into seven kinds of sounds:
The lips

The labiodental

Tongue-tip centre

Root of tongue

Blade of tongue

Tongue-tip front (flat-tongue)

zh

ch

sh

Tongue-tip back (stuck-tongue)

And 2 Quasi-initials which are used in a syllable

without any initial: y w

3. Finals
Final is the back part of a syllable. It is the
main part of phonetics, a syllable must not be
short of final.

The are 3 categories of finals:

3.1 simple finals (vokal tunggal):
a

 3.2 compound finals (vokal majmuk)

(composed of 2 or 3 vowels) :
ai

ei

ie

iu
(iou)

uai

ao

ou

ia

ua

uo

ui
(uei)

iao

er

 3.3 Finals with nasal ending (vokal majmuk

yang mempunyai konsonan nasal pada akhir
suku kata) :
un
n
(uen)

an

en

in

ian

uan

an ang

iang uang ueng iong

eng ing

ong

Table of Combinations of Initials and Finals in Mandarin

Final
Initial

er ai

ei

ao

ou

an

en

ang

eng

ong

ia ie

iao

iu

ian

in iang ing iong

ba bo

bai

bei

bao

ban ben

bang

beng

bi

bie biao

bian bin

bing

bu

pa po

pai

pei

pao pou

pan pen

pang

peng

pi

pie piao

pian pin

ping

pu

ma mo me

mai mei mao mou man men mang meng

mi

mie miao miu mian min

ming

mu

fa fo

da

de

dai

ta

te

tai

na

ne

nai

nei

la

le

lai

ga

ge

gai

fei

fou

fan

dei

dao dou
tao

uo

Uai

ui

uan

un

uang ueng

fang

feng

dan

dang

deng dong di

die diao diu dian

ding

du

duo

dui

duan

dun

tan

tang

teng tong

tie tiao

ting

tu

tuo

tui

tuan

tun

nao nou

nan nen

nang

neng nong ni

nie niao niu nian nin niang ning

nu

nuo

nuan

lei

lao

lan

lang

leng

li lia lie liao liu lian lin liang ling

lu

luo

luan

lun

gei

gao gou

gan gen

gang

geng gong

gu

gua guo guai

gui

guan

gun guang

tou

lou

fen

ua

an

le

jue juan

jun

fu

long

ti

tian

kuo kuai

n ne

ka

ke

kai

kei

kao kou

kan

ken

kang

keng kong

ku

kua

kui

kuan

kun kuang

ha

he

hai

hei

hao hou

han hen

hang

heng hong

hu

hua huo huai hui

huan

hun huang

ji jia jie jiao jiu jian jin jiang jing jiong

ju

qi qia qie qiao qiu qian qin qiang qing qiong

qu que quan qun

xi xia xie xiao xiu xian xin xiang xing xiong

xu xue xuan xun

zh

zha

zhe

zhai zhei zhao zhou zhan zhen zhang zheng zhong zhi

zhu zhua zhuo zhuai zhui zhuan zhun zhuang

ch

cha

che

chai

chu chua chuo chuai chui chuan chun chuang

sh

sha

she

shai shei shao shou shan shen shang sheng

chao chou chan chen chang cheng chong chi

re

shi

shu shua shuo shuai shui shuan shun shuang

rao

rou

ran

ren

rang

reng rong

ri

ru

rua

ruo

rui

ruan

run

za

ze

zai

zao

zou

zan

zen

zang

zeng zong zi

zu

zuo

zui

zuan

zun

ca

ce

cai

cao

cou

can

cen

cang

ceng cong ci

cu

cuo

cui

cuan

cun

sa

sao

sou

san

sen

sang

seng song si

su

sui

suan

sun

ao

ou

an

en

ang

eng

wei

wan

wen wang weng yu yue yuan yun

se

sai

er ai

ei

yi ya ye yao you yan yin yang ying yong wu

suo
wa

wo

wai

Part II Chinese Characters

Chinese characters are composed of strokes ()

 The character in the above picture is formed

by some basic strokes surrounding it.

 Chinese characters must be written in

a stroke order and followed the rules of
stroke order :

Simplified Chinese VS Traditional Chinese

Traditional characters are the characters being used

since the 5th century.
Simplified Chinese has been created around 1956.
Simplified is based on the original Traditional Chinese. By
decreasing number strokes and shortening complicated
words, Simplified Chinese is easier to learn. The
government of China has promoted Simplified to
improve increase literacy in China.
Simplified is mainly used in China, Singapore and
Malaysia. Some characters are left unchanged, and
therefore the same in both Traditional and Simplified.

Simplified Chinese

Traditional Chinese

Part III Dialogue

1. What is your name? (Siapakah nama kamu)
2. Greeting (Tanya khabar)
3. Etiquette expressions (Memberi salam)
4. My Family (Keluarga saya)
5. My University (Universiti saya)
6. Numerals (Nombor)
7. Dates and festivals (Tarikh dan perayaan)
8. Invitation (Pelawaan)

GROUND RULES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Attendances
Punctuality
Test
Assignments
Read the textbook/MOOC
before attending class