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Clavicle
Shoulder region
In a broad sense it includes not only the
rounded contour between the arm and the
body but also the pectoral region (front),
region of the back around the shoulder
blade and the axilla (underarm).
Skeleton of the Upper Extremities and the Lower
Extremities is divisible into the:
Girdle
Skeleton of the free limb
Scapula
Three 3s
3 borders
Superior
Medial /Vertebral
Lateral /Axillary
3 angles
Superior
Inferior
Lateral/glenoid
fossa)
3 surfaces/fossae
importance: attachment/origin of muscles
Separat
Supraspinous fossa - posterior
o location of supraspinatus muscleed by
Infraspinous fossa - posterior
spine of
o location of infraspinatus muscle
Subscapular fossa - anterior
o location of subscapularis muscle
Important Landmarks
1. Glenoid fossa
Lateral angel
Articular cavity
Around the articular cavity is
the glenoid labrum
2. Coracoid process
3. Acromial process summit of your
shoulder
Other ligaments:
Acromioclavicular - top most
Coracoacromial - crosses the acromial
process and coracoid forming an arch
(coracoacromial arch)
Coracoclavicular - compose of two
ligaments
Trapezoid
Conoid
3 famous bursae
Subacromial
Subdeltoid
subcoracoid
Identify the groove: Bicipital groove
What is inside the bicipital groove? The long head
tendon of bicep
If there is pain along the groove, you call it:
Bicipital tendinitis
What structures keep the long head tendon of
bicep in place? Transverse humeral ligament
Identify ligaments other ligaments.
o Transverse scapular ligament
o Transverse humeral ligament
- bridges bicipital groove
o Coracoclavicular ligament
True Joints
Glenohumeral Joint
Formed by the ball-shaped head of
humerus and shallow concave glenoid
fossa
Most
striking
feature
is
marked
discrepancy in both humeral head (male)
and glenoid (female)
Head angular value is 153o
1800- 00 to top
(-)500
hyperextension
(00
going
backwards)
Sternoclavicular joint
Type: Sellar (saddle)
It is also capable of 3 axis of motion
It is the only joint of attachment of upper
extremity to the trunk
Ligaments
o Anterior sternoclavicular - prevents
forward and lateral displacement
(bigger than posterior)
o Posterior sternoclavicular - same as
anterior
o Costoclavicular - serves as the
fulcrum
One reference says this is
the real fulcrum
o Interclavicular - prevents lateral
displacement
Acromioclavicular joint
Type: Arthrodial
False Joints
Scapulocostal (Scapulothoracic/ST)
False (functional) joint
2 types of motion
o Translator- a straight motion
Scapula will go up
elevation
Go down depression
Sideward
adduction/protraction;
lateral rotation
Kiss each other medial
rotation
o Rotatory
No internal/external
rotation, instead the glenoid
fossa moves
Goes up - upward rotation because the
action is behind the glenoid fossa
Goes down - downward rotation
***Any joint will have a change in fulcrum. It is
not a constant site.
Suprahumeral
False (functional) joint
A.K.A. Subacromial joint
Coracoacromial arch with head of
humerus
Function:
o Protective articulation between the
humeral head and coracoacromial
arch
o Prevents trauma from above to the
GH joint or to the head of the
humerus
o Also prevent upward dislocation of
the humerus
Pain sensitive structures:
***Can come out in the exam by
enumeration
1. Subacromial bursa
2. Subcoracoid bursa
3. Supraspinatus muscle and tendon
4. Superior portion of the glenohumeral
capsule
5. Portion of the biceps tendon
6. Interposed loose connective tissue
3 groups of muscles of the shoulder
7 muscles that are related from the trunk to the
shoulder girdle
9 muscles from the shoulder girdle to the
humerus
2 muscles from the trunk to the humerus
9 MUSCLE FORM THE SHOULDER GIRDLE TO
HUMERUS
8. Biceps brachii
9. Triceps brachii
Nice to know:
Trapezius
o Also called the SHAWL muscle
o Early
anatomists
called
musculus cucullaris
it