Fed from Three phase source

A1
A2

B1
B2

C1
C2

Supplying Three phase load

Opendelta

Fed from Three phase source

a1

c1

a2

A1

B1
A2

b1
b2

B2
c2

Supplying Three phase load

Opendelta

Fed from Three phase source

a1

c1

a2

A1

B1
A2

b1
b2

B2
c2

Supplying Three phase load

Opendelta
a1

b1
a2

b2

c1
c2

Opendelta
a2

a1

A1

A2
b2

b1

B1

B2

c1

c2

Vab = V0
Vbc = V 120

Supplying Three phase load

Fed from Three phase source

a1

b1
a2

b2
c1
c2

Opendelta
a2

a1

A1

A2
b2

b1

B1

B2

c1

c2

Vab = V0
Vbc = V 120

Supplying Three phase load

Fed from Three phase source

a1

b1
a2

b2
c1
c2

Applying KVL in loop a2b2 c2 a2:

Vca = [Vab + Vbc ]

= V0 V 120
= V + 0.5V + j 0.866V
= (0.5 + j 0.866)V
= V120

Opendelta
a2

a1

A1

A2
b2

b1

B1

B2

c1

c2

Vab = V0
Vbc = V 120

Supplying Three phase load

Fed from Three phase source

a1

b1
a2

b2
c1
c2

Applying KVL in loop a2b2 c2 a2:

Vca = [Vab + Vbc ]

= V0 V 120
= V + 0.5V + j 0.866V
= (0.5 + j 0.866)V
= V120

Phase load currents and line currents in open delta:

Vca = V120

a1

b1

I c2 a2 = I120

a2

Va2b2 = V0
I a2b2 = I0

I b2c2 = I 120
Vbc = V 120

b2
c1
c2

Phase load currents and line currents in open

delta:

Vca = V120

a1

b1

I c2 a2 = I120

a2

Va2b2 = V0
I a2b2 = I0

I b2c2 = I 120

b2
c1

Vbc = V 120
I a2 = I a2b2 I c2 a2 = I0 I120 = I 30

c2

Phase load currents and line currents in open delta:

Vca = V120

a1

b1
a2

Va2b2 = V0

I c2 a2 = I120

I a2b2 = I0

I b2c2 = I 120

b2
c1

Vb2c2 = V 120

c2

I a2 = I a2b2 I c2 a2 = I0 I120 = I 30
I c2 = I c2 a2 I b2c2 = I120 I 120 = I90

a2

b2

N.B.: Line currents have the same values and angles even if the load was
star connected

c2

Active & reactive power of open delta:

I c2
+ 90
30

st

1 Transformer :

2 nd Transformer :
Vbc = V 120
I c2 = I90

I a2

Va2b2 = V0

I a2 = I 30

Va2b2 = V0

I c2

Vb2c2 = V 120

I c2 = I 90

S T1

ST 1 = Va2b2 I

= (V0 )(I30 )
= VI30

S VV

*
a2

S VV = S T 1 + S T 2 = 3 VLine I Line

ST 2 = Vb2c2 ( I c2 )*

= (V 120 )(I90 )

S T2

= VI 30

Q T1 = Q T 2

1
= (VLine I Line )
2

I Line = I Phase

A1

B1

A2

B2

Supplying Three phase load

Fed from Three phase source

Deratingofopendelta

S = 3 V phase I Phase

S VV = S T 1 + S T 2 3 VLine I Line
= 3 VLine ( I Phase )
= 3 VLine I Phase

SVV
1

57.7%
S
3

I Line = I Phase

A1

B1

A2

B2

Supplying Three phase load

Fed from Three phase source

Deratingofopendelta

S = 3 V phase I Phase

S VV = S T 1 + S T 2 = 3 VLine I Line
= 3 VLine ( I Phase )
= 3 VLine I Phase

SVV
1

57.7%
S
3

I Line = I Phase

A1

B1

A2

B2

Supplying Three phase load

Fed from Three phase source

Deratingofopendelta

S = 3 V phase I Phase

S VV = S T 1 + S T 2 = 3 VLine I Line
= 3 VLine ( I Phase )
= 3 VLine I Phase

SVV
1

57.7%
S
3

I Line = I Phase

A1

A2

B1

B2

IAB
IB

IBC

Supplying Three phase load

Fed from Three phase source

Opendelta
Disadvantages:
- De-rated operation, 57.7% of
bank; (3/2) = 86.6% of the capacity
of the remaining two transformers
-Average P.F. of V bank < Load P.F.
( 86.6% of balanced load P.F.);
The two transformers operate at
different power factors; for a
balanced load P.F. of cos, one
transformer has a P.F. of cos(30-)
while the other has a P.F. of
cos(30+),
accordingly
voltage
regulation differs.
- Accordingly, increasing load (even
if perfectly balanced), causes
terminal secondary voltages to be
unbalanced

Two single phase 150 kVA, 7200/600 V transformers are connected in open
delta configuration. Find the maximum three phase load supplied.
Rated Secondary current of either transformer = 150 000 / 600 = 250 A
This current should not be exceeded whatever was the type of connection,
Accordingly:

(S Load )maximum =

3VI = 3 600 250 = 260kVA

Available rating of two transformers = 2 150 = 300kVA

% Derating = 260 / 300 = 86.6%
One transformer is producing reactive power, while the other is
consuming reactive power. This energy exchange between the
two transformers is the reason for limited power output of 57.7%
instead of an expected 66.7%

Fed from Three phase source

n
A1
A2

B1
B2

C1
C2

Supplying Three phase load

OpenYOpenDelta

A1

B1
n

A2

B2

Supplying Three phase load

Fed from Three phase source

OpenYOpenDelta
Disadvantages:
- Very large return current flow
in neutral of primary