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2 Operations
Bending - the material is deformed or bent along a
straight line.
Flanging - the material is bent along a curved line.
Embossing - the material is stretched into a shallow
depression. Used primarily for adding decorative
patterns. See also Repouss and chasing.
Blanking - a piece is cut out of a sheet of the material, usually to make a blank for further processing.
Reducing/Necking - used to gradually reduce the diameter of the open end of a vessel or tube.
History
the sheet metal and nished part from the same surface
abrasion as well as facilitate elastic material ow preventing rips, tears or wrinkles. There are a variety of lubricants available for this task. They include plant and mineral oil based, animal fat or lard based, graphite based,
soap and acrylic based dry lms. The newest technology
in the industry is polymer based synthetic lubricants also
known as oil-free lubricants or non-oil lubricants. The
term Water-Based lubricant refers to the larger category that also includes more traditional oil and fat based
compounds.
INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS
machining and chemical etching. Examples of applications of sheet metal microstamping include electrical
connectors, micromeshes, microswitches, microcups for
electron guns, wristwatch components, handheld device
components, and medical devices. However, key issues
such as quality control, high-volume application, and the
need for material research into mechanical properties
must be addressed before full-scale implementation of
the technology is realized.[8][9][10]
6 Industry-specic applications
4
Simulation
Sheet metal forming simulation is a technology that calculates the process of sheet metal stamping,[6] predicting
common defects such as splits, wrinkles, springback and
material thinning. Also known as forming simulation, the
technology is a specic application of non-linear nite element analysis. The technology has many benets in the
manufacturing industry, especially the automotive industry, where lead time to market, cost and lean manufacturing are critical to the success of a company.
Recent research by the Aberdeen research company (October 2006) found that the most eective manufacturers
spend more time simulating upfront and reap the rewards
towards the end of their projects.[7]
Stamping simulation is used when a sheet metal part designer or toolmaker desires to assess the likelihood of successfully manufacturing a sheet metal part, without the
expense of making a physical tool. Stamping simulation
allows any sheet metal part forming process to be simulated in the virtual environment of a PC for a fraction of
the expense of a physical tryout.
Results from a stamping simulation allow sheet metal part
designers to assess alternative designs very quickly to optimize their part for low cost manufacture.
Microstamping
Metal stamping can be applied to a variety of materials based on their unique metalworking qualities for a
number of applications across a wide range of industries.
Metal Stamping may require the forming and processing
of base common metals to rare alloys for their application
specic advantages. Some industries require the electrical or thermal conductivity of beryllium copper in areas
such as aerospace, electrical, and the defense industry or
the high strength application of steel and its many alloys
for the automotive industry. Industries Metal Stamping
is used for:[11]
Aerospace
Agriculture
Ammunitions
Major appliances
Small appliances
Automotive
Commercial
Construction
Electronics
HVAC
Lawn Care & Equipment
Lighting
Lock Hardware
Marine
Medical
Plumbing
Power Storage
Power Tools
Small Engine
See also
Circle grid analysis
Forming limit diagram
Four-slide machine, a combination stamping, bending, and punching machine
Progressive stamping
Shearing (manufacturing)
Punching
Footnotes
[1] Kalpakjian, Serope; Schmid, Steven (2001). Manufacturing Engineering and Technology (International edition.
4th ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-017440-8.
[2] Hounshell, David A. (1984), From the American System to Mass Production, 1800-1932: The Development of
Manufacturing Technology in the United States, Baltimore,
Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 978-08018-2975-8, LCCN 83016269
[3] Hounshell 1984, pp. 20812
[4] Hounshell 1984
9 References
Don Hixon, 1984, December, Alternative Lubricant Oers Advantages for Stamping, Precision
Metal, page 13
William C. Jeery, 1985, November, Non-Oil
Drawing Compounds Make Dollars and Sense,
Metal Stamping, pages 1617
Phillip Hood, 1986, Spring, Environmental Compliance - A Lawn and Garden Manufacturers Approach to Stamping Lubricants and Environmental
Change, Stamping Quarterly, Pages 2425
Pioneer Press, April 27, 1989, Marilyn Claessens,
At 75, IRMCO still a pioneer - Lubricants go down
the drain by design, Evanston, IL, page 33
Bradley Jeery, 1991, August, Environmental Solutions for Metal Stamping, MAN, pages 3132
Robin P. Bergstrom, 1991, November, Stamping
Made Clean(er)", Production Magazine, pages 54
55
1991, February, Lubricants and Environment
Mix, Manufacturing Engineering, pages 5259
Brian S. Cook, 1992, January 6, Appropriate Technology, Industry week, pages 5152, 58.
James R. Rozynek, 1995, Winter, Case Study:
Converting to Water-Based Metal Stamping Lubricants, Stamping Quarterly, pages 3133
[5] Hedrick, Art (December 15, 2009). Sheet Metal Stamping 101, part V. Fabricators and Manufacturers Association.
Matt Bailey, UK, 1997, May, Non-Oil Lubricants Oer Solvent Solution, Sheet Metal Industries, pages 1415
[7] The Simulation-driven Design Benchmark Report: Getting It Right the First Time.. Aberdeen Group. 2006-1031. Retrieved 2011-11-07.
[8] Razali, A.R.; Qin, Y. (2013).
A review on
micro-manufacturing, micro-forming and their key issues. Procedia Engineering. 53 (2013): 665672.
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2013.02.086.
[9] Dixit, U.S.; Das, R. Chapter 15: Microextrusion. In
Jain, V.K. Micromanufacturing Processes. CRC Press.
pp. 263282. ISBN 9781439852903.
[10] Advanced Manufacturing Processes Laboratory (2015).
Process Analysis and Variation Control in Microstamping. Northwestern University. Retrieved 18 March
2016.
[11] Metal Stamping Industries. Trident Components. Retrieved 2014-04-18.
9
Brad F Kuvin, January, 2009, Deep-Draw Automation returns remarkable results, MetalForming, pages 1415
REFERENCES
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