Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Direccionamiento IP
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
Direccionamiento IP
Contenido
Direccionamiento IP
IP
Subredes
ARP
ICMP
DHCP
TCPy UDP
Puertos Bien Conocidos
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Direccionamiento IP
Slide title
40 pt
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
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Direccionamiento IP
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Internet Protocol - IP
Red
Host
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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Direccionamiento IP
Porqu usar Direcciones IP?
Red.Host
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Top right
corner for
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customer or
partner logotypes.
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Direccionamiento IP
Encabezado de IPv4
Bit
1 0
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
2014
Version
(4)
Bit 15 Bit 16
Header
Length (4)
Identification (16)
Time to live (8)
Bit 31
Protocol (8)
20
Bytes
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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Direccionamiento IP
Otros protocolos de capa 3
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
7 Aplicacin
6 Presentacin
5 Sesin
IP - Internet Protocol
4 Transporte
ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol
3 Red
ARP - Address Resolution Protocol
2 Enlace de Datos
1 Fsica
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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for example.
Direccionamiento IP
Direccionamiento en capa 3
Origen IP = 192.168.100.99
Destino IP = 172.16.3.10
192.168.100.99
172.16.3.10
Origen IP = 172.16.3.10
Destino IP = 192.168.100.99
0
4-bit
Version
15 16
4-bit
Header
Length
8-bit Type Of
Service
(TOS)
3-bit
Flags
16-bit Identification
8 bit Time To Live
TTL
31
16-bit Total Length (in bytes)
8-bit Protocol
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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Direccionamiento IP
Octetos en direcciones IP
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Octetos
1
Decimal
Binario
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
2014
Direccionamiento IP
Clases IP
Mascara default
255.0.0.0
/8
Clase A
Rango (1-126)
255.255.0.0
/16
Clase B
Rango (128-191)
255.255.255.0
/24
Clase C
Rango (192-223)
Clase D
Rango (224-239)
2014
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Slide title
40 pt
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Direccionamiento IP
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Clases IP
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Clase
Nmero de
Redes
Nmero de Hosts
por Red
Bits en la parte
de Red
126
16777,216
255.0.0.0
= /8
16,386
65,535
16
255.255.0.0
= /16
2097,152
254
24
255.255.255.0 = /24
Multicast
Slide title
40 pt
Direccionamiento IP
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Mascara Default
11
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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12
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
Direccionamiento IP
Ejercicio de Clases IP
Direccin IP
Clase
Red
Host
10.2.1.1
128.63.2.100
201.222.5.64
192.6.141.2
130.113.64.16
256.241.201.10
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
13
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
Direccionamiento IP
Tipo de Direcciones IP
Las direcciones IP podran estar en una de estas 3 categoras:
Direccin de Red
Direccin de Host
Direccin de Broadcast
Direccin de Red
Direccin de Broadcast
148.204.50.0
148.204.50.1
148.204.50.255
148.204.50.254
Rango de direcciones
de Hosts
mscara /24
14
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
Direccionamiento IP
Las direcciones de red y broadcast estn reservadas para un propsito especial:
Direccin de la Red. Usadas para identificar la red en la cual el dispositivo
est ubicado.
Direccin de Broadcast. Usada para envo de paquetes a TODOS los
dispositivos en la red (por ejemplo DHCP).
Direccin IP de la Red
Red
Host
Ultima direccin IP del
rango de direcciones.
Todos los bits en 1.
Direccin IP de Broadcast
Red
Host
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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Direccionamiento IP
Direcciones IP Pbicas y Privadas
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
15
IP Pblicas
Direcciones IP nicas asignadas por IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority).
Deber ser nicas en Internet.
IP Privadas
Usadas en una red local. Son nicas en esa red local.
No pueden ser conectadas a Internet.
No son enrutables en Internet.
IP Pblicas
Clase
A
B
C
1.0.0.0
9.255.255.255
11.0.0.0
126.255.255.255
128.0.0.0
172.15.255.255
172.32.0.0
191.255.255.255
192.167.255.255
192.0.0.0
192.169.0.0
16
223.255.255.255
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
Direccionamiento IP
Tipo de Direcciones IP
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
IP Privadas
Clase
10.0.0.0
10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0
172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0
192.168.255.255
17
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Subredes
18
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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for example.
Direccionamiento IP
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Subredes
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
148 . 204
148
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Bits de la
Subred
204 .
Slide title
40 pt
0 . 0
20
Bits de la
parte
de Host
El rango de
este octeto
para subredes
es de 0-255
19
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
Direccionamiento IP
Direccionamiento sin Subredes
.....
148.204.1.1
148.204.1.2
148.204.255.252
148.204.1.3
148.204.255.253
148.204.255.254
Sin subredes significa con mscara default, para clase B es /16 255.255.0.0
Ver tema Clases IP.
Juan Carlos Torres V
20
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
Direccionamiento IP
Direccionamiento con Subredes
Ahora consideremos dividir la red en subredes.
Esto nos permitrir aprovechar mejor el rango de direcciones disponibles.
El tamao de las subredes depender de las necesidades de las redes LAN (y
WAN) a implementar.
Con una mscara de 24 bits se tienen 254 hosts por subred. Esto ya aprovecha
mejor las direcciones disponibles pero an es posible mejorar haciendo la
mscara de ms bits.
...
4
148.204.4.0 /30
148.204.2.0 /24
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
1
3
148.204.3.0 /24
2
Slide title
40 pt
148.204.1.0 /24
21
2014
Top right
corner for
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customer or
partner logotypes.
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Direccionamiento IP
Ejemplo 1:
Red
&
AND bit a bit
Direccin de red.
El rango de hosts.
Broadcast.
Subred
Host
148
204
36
64
10010100
11001100
00100100
01000000
11111111
11111111
11111111
11000000
10010100
11001100
00100100
01000000
0000000
148
204
36
64
La parte de host son los 6 bits menos significativos del 4 octeto, por lo que tenes un
rango de 0 a 63
La primer direccin del rango de host es la direccin de la subred : 148.204.36.64
La ltima direccin del rango de host es la direccin del broadcast: 148.204.36.127
El resto de las direcciones del rango de host, son los direcciones disponibles para
los dispositivos de la red: 148.204.36.65 148.204.36.126
22
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
Direccionamiento IP
Ejemplo 1 (cont):
Red
148
204
Subred
Host
36
64
Mscara de 26 bits
204
36
64
Direccin de subred
. . .
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
23
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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Direccionamiento IP
Ejemplo 2:
148.204.3.25 /24
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Host
148.204.3.25
10010100
Red
11001100
00000011
00011001
255.255.255.0
11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
10010100
11001100
00000011
0000000
Subred :
148
204
Broadcast:
148
204
255
24
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
Direccionamiento IP
Diseo: Cuantos equipos en la red?
Disear un esquema de direccionamiento para una red y asignar
rangos para hosts y dispositivos de red.
Determinar el nmero de subredes a usar:
a)
b)
LAN
WAN
Enlaces WAN
- Una subred para cada
enlace punto a punto.
Interfaces de servidores
- Direccin IP por interfaz
Impresoras
- Direccin IP para interfaz
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Computadoras
- Usuarios
- Administradores
- IP Phones
25
2014
Top right
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partner logotypes.
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Direccionamiento IP
Cuantas redes LAN y WAN?
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
26
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Direccionamiento IP
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Ejercicio 1:
00 0000
00 0001
00 0010
00 0011
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Solution:
4 subredes requieren de 2 bits
192.168.1
192.168.1
192.168.1
192.168.1
192.168.1
.
.
.
.
.
0
0000
0100
1000
1100
0000
0000
0000
0000
.
.
.
00
01
10
11
0011
0111
1011
1111
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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00 1110
00 1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
8+8+8 + 2
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
2014
Direccionamiento IP
Ejemplo de direccionamiento IP
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
27
Red C:
30 hosts
Red E:
2 hosts
Red B:
17 hosts
Red D:
26 hosts
28
Red A: 148.204.25.
Red B: 148.204.25.
Red C: 148.204.25.
Red D: 148.204.25.
Red E: 148.204.25.
2014
Top right
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Slide title
40 pt
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24 pt
Top right
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field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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Direccionamiento IP
Octeto en su equivalente decimal y binario para mscara de subred
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
29
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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Direccionamiento IP
Ejercicio 2:
Dividir la red 172.16.0.0/16 en 8 subredes.
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Solution :
8 subredes requieren de
bits
172.16.0.0 /16
172.16.
172.16.
172.16.
172.16.
172.16.
172.16.
172.16.
172.16.
mscara default
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
bits: 255.255.
172.16.
172.16.
172.16.
.
.
.
/
/
/
172.16.
/
30
= /
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
ARP
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
31
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
ARP
Direccin IP Direccin MAC
Direccin MAC
Capa 2
Direccin IP
Capa 3
32
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
ARP
ARP - Address Resolution Protocol
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Necesito la direccin
MAC (fsica) de
176.16.3.2, y no la tengo
en mi tabla de ARP
172.16.3.1
172.16.3.2
Broadcast: FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
33
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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for example.
ARP
ARP - Address Resolution Protocol
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Broadcast.
El mensaje es para
m. Enviar mi
direccin MAC.
172.16.3.1
172.16.3.2
Broadcast: FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
34
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
ARP
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Ya envi mi
direccin MAC.
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
172.16.3.1
172.16.3.2
IP: 172.16.3.2
Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111
Mapeo:
IP
Ethernet
arp
-a
35
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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for example.
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
ICMP
36
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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ICMP
Slide subtitle
24 pt
7 Aplicacin
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
6 Presentacin
5 Sesin
4 Transporte
IP
(20 bytes)
Mensaje ICMP
3 Red
Paquete IP
2 Enlace de Datos
1 Fsica
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
37
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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ICMP
Estructura de ICMP
Type
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Code
Checksum
Mensaje
Type
Code
Echo reply
Descripcin
Query
Host unreachable
Error
Port unreachable
Error
Echo request
Query
11
Error
12
Bad IP header
Error
13
Timestamp request
Query
14
Timestamp reply
Query
38
Query/Error
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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ICMP
Aplicaciones y Comandos
Conectividad a un destino.
Round trip time.
39
2014
Top right
corner for
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customer or
partner logotypes.
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Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
DHCP
40
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
DHCP
DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
IP
Mscara
Default Gateway
IP DNS
Nombre DNS
Subred
Broadcast
Cliente DHCP
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
Servidor DHCP
41
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
DHCP
Donde usar DHCP
DHCP
42
Servidores
Routers
Switches
Firewalls
Impresoras
Access Point
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Slide title
40 pt
43
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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44
Red
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Transporte
Slide subtitle
24 pt
TCP
UDP
IP
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
TCP
Slide title
40 pt
45
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Bit 0
Bit 15|16
Bit 31
20
Bytes
46
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Por ejemplo:
Si el nmero de secuencia de un segmento es 1343 y el segmento contiene
512 bytes de datos, el siguiente segmento debera tener un nmero de
secuencia igual a 1343 + 512 + 1 = 1856.
Header Length,
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
47
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
48
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
49
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
Funciones de TCP
Confiabilidad
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Receptor
Emisor
Synchronize
Acknowledge, Synchronize
Acknowledge
Conexin Establecida
Transferencia de Datos
(Envo de Segmentos)
3-Way Handshake
50
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Destination
Port
Source
Port
Sequence
Number
Acknowledgment
Numbers
Recib el #10.
Ahora envo el
#11.
Envi el
segmento #10
Origen
Destino Secuencia
1028
23
10
Ack
...
Origen
23
Origen
Destino Secuencia
1028
23
. . .
11
Destino Secuencia
1028
Ack
Ack
11
...
...
51
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
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for example.
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Tamao de Ventana : 1
52
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
(cont)
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Tamao de Ventana : 3
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
53
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
(cont)
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Window size = 3
Window size = 2
Tamao de Ventana : 2
Tamao de Ventana : 3
54
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Control de Flujo
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
55
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
UDP
User Datagram Protocol
- UDP
Bit 15|16
Bit 31
8 Bytes
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
56
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Nmero
de Puerto
Capa de
Aplicacin
Capa de
Transporte
57
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Anexo
58
2014
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
Referencias
www.cisco.com
www.protocols.com
www.caida.org
www.see-my-ip.com
www.warriorsofthe.net
www.ietf.org
www.isoc.org
www.rfc-editor.org
www.iana.org
www.wireshark.org
59
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
2014
Top right
corner for
field-mark,
customer or
partner logotypes.
See Best practice
for example.
Slide title
40 pt
Slide subtitle
24 pt
Text
24 pt
5
20 pt
60
2014