Figure 1 Overview of existing, emerging, and potential regional, national, and subnational carbon pricing instruments (ETS and

tax)
ALBERTA

MANITOBA
ONTARIO

BRITISH
COLUMBIA

ICELAND
EU

UKRAINE

KAZAKHSTAN

REPUBLIC
OF KOREA

QUBEC

WASHINGTON
OREGON
CALIFORNIA

JAPAN
RGGI
TURKEY

CHINA

MEXICO
THAILAND

BRAZIL
RIO DE JANEIRO
SO PAULO
CHILE

NORWAY

SWEDEN
REPUBLIC
OF KOREA

FINLAND

DENMARK
UK

ESTONIA
LATVIA

IRELAND

BEIJING

POLAND

HUBEI
CHONGQING
SLOVENIA
SWITZERLAND

Tally of carbon pricing instruments

14
4
21
National level

39

KYOTO

TIANJIN

PORTUGAL

FRANCE

NEW
ZEALAND

SOUTH AFRICA

SAITAMA
TOKYO

SHANGHAI
GUANGDONG
TAIWAN
SHENZHEN

ETS implemented or scheduled

for implementation

ETS and carbon tax implemented or scheduled

Carbon tax implemented or scheduled

for implementation

ETS implemented or scheduled, tax under consideration

ETS or carbon tax under consideration

Carbon tax implemented or scheduled, ETS under consideration

1
22

23

Subnational level

The circles represent subnational jurisdictions. The circles are not r epresentative of the size of the carbon pricing
instrument, but show the subnational regions (large circles) and cities (small circles).
Note: Carbon pricing instruments are considered scheduled for implementation once they have been formally
adopted through legislation and have an official, planned start date.

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