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OBJECTIVES
To obtain performance characteristic for a variable speed centrifugal pump operating at 3
different impeller speeds.
Performance characteristic of pump:
*pressure (head) jump
*power requirement
*flow rate influence
*pump speed influence
INTRODUCTION
Pump
A pump is a device used to move gases, liquids or slurries. A pump moves liquids or gases from
lower pressure to higher pressure, and overcomes this difference in pressure by adding energy to
the system (such as a water system). A gas pump is generally called a compressor, except in very
low pressure-rise applications, such as in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning, where the
operative equipment consists of fans or blowers.
Centrifugal pump
A centrifugal pump is a rotodynamic pump that uses a rotating impeller to increase the velocity
of a fluid. Centrifugal pumps are commonly used to move liquids through a piping system. The
fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the
impeller, flowing radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber, from where it exits into the
downstream piping system. Centrifugal pumps are used for large discharge through smaller
heads.
centrifugal pump
input, such as an acoustic field. Such cavitation is often employed in ultrasonic cleaning baths
and can also be observed in pumps, propellers etc.
Due to the general complexity of flow through a centrifugal pump ,the actual
performance of the pump cannot be predicted on a completely theoretical basis .Actual pump
performance is determine experimentally through test on the pump and the result are presented as
pump performance curve .Performance characteristics for a given pump geometry and operating
speed are usually given in the form of plots of head rise ,efficiency and power versus flow rate
( commonly referred as capacity).This information is most helpful to the engineer responsible for
incorporating pump into a given pipe flow system.
THEORY-Performance characteristics
Consider the experimental arrangement for determining the head rise (or pressure rise) gained by
fluid flowing through a pump, as show schematically below.
The pump head rise can be expressed using the energy equation as
h2 =
p2 p1
V 22V 21
+ ( z 2z 1) +
g
2g
Typically the differences in elevation and velocities (between inlet and outlet) are also small so
that
hp=
p2 p1
g
Pf
W shaft
Typical performance characteristic for a centrifugal pump of given size operating at a constant
speed is shown below.
APPARATUS
The experimental set-up consists of
I.
II.
Speed Control to change pump speed. Pump speed can be varied over range
Of 0-3000 rpm.
II.
III.
Flow rate in the system can be measured relating the height of the water seen in the sight
glass to graph and reading of the flow rate in liters per minute.
Preliminaries
1) We were supervised adequately.
2) The pump discharge and suction valves were turned to fully open and the motor speed
turned to zero.
3) The electrical supply and motor drive switch are switched on. The motor control knob
is adjusted slowly to around half way position. The system is ensured to have no
leaking. All the gauges etc. are checked to reduce the motor speed back to zero and it is
ready for testing.
Actual Experiment
i) Suction valve is opened and the discharge valve is closed. The maximum speed N1 is
selected by adjusting speed control to 50%.
ii) Discharge valve is fully opened and water is allowed to circulate. The volume of flow
indicator is noted and decides suitable increments in flow to give adequate sample points
about 15 points between zero and maximum flow).
iii) The discharge valve is closed (corresponding to no flow). When the measured readings
are steady read all the measurements.
iv) The discharge valve is opened slightly, to give the first increment in volume flow. When
readings are steady, take the measurements.
v)
Step 4 is repeated. The final measurements corresponding to the valve being fully
open.
vi) The entire experiment is repeated at pump speed corresponding to speed control position
of 75% and 100%.
INPUT
Water
heigh
t,
mm
Torqu
e, T
(Nm)
OUTPUT
Shaft power
W
1
0.7
105.5
52
1.0
69
1.1
69
1.2
72
1.3
76
1.4
78
1.4
150.7
1
167.7
8
180.8
0
195.9
0
210.9
7
210.9
7
226.0
4
226.0
4
80
1.5
84
1.5
Hp
(100
%)
14.15
Volume flow
rate
Inlet
pressure, P1
Discharg
e
pressure,
P2
ps
i
N/m2
9.
8
9.
0
8.
0
7.
0
6.
0
5.
0
4.
0
3.
0
2.
0
675
71
620
55
551
60
482
65
413
70
344
75
275
80
206
85
137
90
l/mi
n
m3/s
mH2
O
N/m2
0.1
0.958
0
24.25
105
-0.05
-0.490
26.27
119
-0.3
-2.930
28.29
135
-0.4
-3.910
28.29
145
0.0008
75
0.0011
7
0.0017
5
0.0019
5
0.0022
5
0.0024
2
0.0025
8
0.0028
3
22.23
50.5
0
70
-0.5
-4.890
20.21
30.31
155
30.31
170
Efficienc
y,
(100%)
-0.7
-6.850
-0.9
-8.860
Water
head,
h
(m)
(100
%)
Outp
ut
powe
r,
Watt
6.91
6.34
54.24
36
5.64
64.54
39
4.93
84.46
47
4.23
80.68
41
3.53
77.68
37
2.82
32
2.12
66.76
53.38
24
1.41
39.05
17
(h,,Hp,) vs Q
INPUT
Wate
r
heigh
t,
mm
Torqu
e, T
(Nm)
Shaft power
W
1
1.1
70
2.1
77
2.4
82
2.5
87
2.7
89
2.8
OUTPUT
250.
89
478.
97
547.
39
570.
2
615.
8
638.
6
Hp
(100
%)
33.6
4
64.2
3
73.4
1
76.4
7
82.5
8
85.6
4
Volume flow
rate
Inlet
pressure,
P1
l/mi
n
m3/s
mH2
O
N/m
0.1
110
0.001
83
0.002
42
0.002
75
0.003
0
0.003
33
0.96
8
0
145
165
180
200
-0.3
-0.7
-0.9
-1.2
2.93
6.85
-8.8
11.7
4
Efficien
cy,
(100%)
Discharge
pressure,
P2
p
si
N/m2
2
0
1
8
1
6
1
4
1
2
1
0
1379
00
1241
00
1103
20
9653
0
8274
0
6895
0
Wate
r
head,
h
(m)
(100
%)
Outp
ut
powe
r,
Watt
14.1
0
12.6
9
11.2
8
9.87
227.1
47
266.4
8
265.4
8
248.2
5
229.6
49
8.46
7.05
47
40
37
92
2.9
661.
4
88.7
220
0.003
67
-1.5
94
3.0
684.
24
91.7
6
225
0.003
75
-1.8
95
3.0
684.
24
91.7
6
235
0.003
92
-1.9
14.6
7
17.6
1
18.5
8
5516
0
5.64
202.4
9
31
4137
0
4.23
155.2
23
2758
0
2.82
108.1
9
16
(H,HP,N) VS Q
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
INPUT
Wate
r
heigh
t,
mm
Torqu
e, T
(Nm)
Shaft power
W
1
1.8
OUTPUT
555.1
20
Hp
(100
%)
74.4
4
Efficien
cy,
(100%)
Volume flow
rate
Inlet
pressure, P1
Discharge
pressure,
P2
l/mi
n
m3/s
mH2
O
N/m2
p
si
N/m2
0.1
0.978
3
7
25512
0
Wate
r
head,
h
(m)
(100
%)
Outp
ut
powe
r,
Watt
26.0
8
78
3.5
85
3.9
92
4.2
95
4.4
97
4.5
99
4.7
101
4.8
104
4.9
10
106
5.0
1079.
40
1202.
76
1295.
28
1357.
00
1387.
8
1449.
5
1480.
32
1511.
16
1542.
00
144.
75
161.
29
173.
7
181.
98
186.
11
194.
38
198.
51
202.
65
206.
79
145
180
220
235
245
260
275
290
310
0.002
42
0.003
0
0.003
67
0.004
58
0.004
08
0.004
33
0.004
58
0.004
83
0.005
17
-0.2
-1.96
-0.9
-8.8
-1.3
-12.7
-1.7
-16.6
-2.0
19.56
21.52
27.39
29.34
-31.3
-2.2
-2.8
-3.0
-3.2
3
4
3
1
2
8
2
5
2
2
1
9
1
6
1
3
1
0
23443
0
21375
0
19306
0
17238
0
15169
0
13101
0
11032
0
89640
23.9
7
21.8
5
19.7
4
17.6
3
15.5
53
13.4
567.3
3
641.2
6
708.5
8
789.5
5
618.9
8
567.4
11.2
8
9.17
505.3
9
433.1
34
68950
7.05
356.6
3
23
(H,HP,N) VS Q
250
200
150
100
50
0
Sample Calculation
= 50 %.
Density,
= 997kg/m3
Gravity, g
= 9.81-m/s2
53
55
58
45
39
29
When h = 52-mm,
From T1-graph;
Q
52.5 l/min
3
P1
52.5
0.000875 m3/s
gh
P2
1
1
m
1 min
.
min 1000 1 60
s
997 9.81(
0.0 Pa
9.8 psi
9.8 psi
67.571 kPa
0
)
1000
6.895 kPa
P2 - P1
hf
rg
=
=
620550
pg
6.34 m
pgQ
Pf
hf
=
54.26 W
BHP
2pN
T
60
150.71 W
0.2021HP
Pf
h
=
Wshaft
54.26
150.71
0.36 @ 36%
REFERENCES
1. Bruce R. Munson, D. F. (2006.). Fundementals of Fluid Mechanics, 5th Edition . Asia:
John Wiley & Sons.
2. Frank M. White. (2003). Fluid Mechanics, 5th Edition. New York, USA: Mc Graw Hill.
3. John F. Douglas, J. M. (2001). Fluid Mechanics, 4th Edition. Scotland: Pearson Prentice
Hall.
4. Fluid Dinamics Handbook By; R. D. Blevins, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New
York,1984.
APPENDICES