Importance of

Multimedia in the
Classroom
Using Multimedia in
teaching and Learning
Presented by:
Misheck Mutuzana
mutuzana@gmail.com
0955/0966/0977-418926

Using Multimedia in
teaching and Learning

Outline

What is Multimedia?
Elements of multimedia
Types of multimedia devices
Features of multimedia system
Components of multimedia system
Why use multimedia in the classroom?
Effects of multimedia in the classroom.
Advantages and Disadvantages of multimedia.
Stages in Multimedia Production
Types of Digital Video and Movie files extensions
Conclusion
Reference
-1-

Syllabus Coverage
Grade 8

8.8:
8.8.1:
8.8.2:
8.8.3:

Multimedia
Introduction
Graphics
Video & audio

Specific Outcomes

Create a multimedia presentation (i.e. clip art, video

clips, sound & animated images)
Access images, sound clips or recorded voice
Controlling the flow of a presentation (i.e. screen,
transitions, animating text & graphics)

Skills
Loading multimedia
Adding media clips to a presentation
-1-

Syllabus Coverage
Grade 9

9.8: Multimedia Files

9.8.1: Digitizing images
9.8.2: Video & Audio

Specific Outcomes

Create digital images using scanner or digital camera

Edit digitized images by cropping, enhancing pixels,
colour etc.
Save created images
Record video & audio files

Skills
Create digital images/videos, editing, saving
Recording audio/video
Naming audio/video files & Extensions
-1-

What is Multimedia?
The term multimedia is coined from two
terms: Multiple and Media. Hence
multimedia means using multiple medias
to communicate.
Multimedia is the combination of different
media elements like text, audio, graphics,
video and animations.
-2-

What is Multimedia?
Text, data, image and graphics media
are known as discrete media
Audio and video media are known as
continuous media
Interactive Multimedia is the means to
interface/communicate with computer
keyboard, mouse, touch screen, on
screen buttons, and text entry.
-2-

Elements of Multimedia?
Text

Vide
o

Multime
dia
Graphi
cs

Animati
on
-2-

Audi
o

Elements of Multimedia

Text:
Words treated as data by a computer.
Hypertext is a text which contains links
to other texts.
Human-readable sequence of
characters and the words they form
that can be encoded into computer
readable formats
-2-

Elements of Multimedia
Text:
Text or data is a block of characters
with each character represented by a
fixed number of binary digits knows as
a code word; (American Standard Code
for Information Interchange (ASCII
code)

-2-

Elements of Multimedia
Text:
A typeface is a family of characters
or letters which have similar looks.
E.g. Arial-12 points, Times New
Roman-14points, Algerian-18
points etc

-2-

Examples of Text

Your text here

Your text here

Your text here

-2-

Examples of Text

Arial
Times New Romans
Algerian
Impact
Bauhaus 93
Broadway

Brush Script
-2-

Elements of Multimedia
Video
The term video ("video" meaning
"I see", from the Latin verb "videre")
commonly refers to several storage
formats for moving pictures: digital
video formats, including Blu-ray Disc,
DVD, QuickTime, and MPEG-4; and
analog videotapes, including VHS and
Betamax.
-2-

Elements of Multimedia

Video
Technology of electronically
capturing, recording, processing,
storing, transmitting, and
reconstructing a sequence of still
images representing scenes in
motion.
-2-

Examples of Video

-2-

Elements of Multimedia
Digital Video
Digital Video: Composed of a
series of still image frames and
produces the illusion of
movement by quickly displaying
one frame after another.

-2-

Elements of Multimedia
Animation
A simulation of movement
created by displaying a series of
pictures, or frames.
Animation is a visual change
over time.

-2-

Examples of Animations

-2-

Elements of Multimedia
Graphics
Graphics (from Greek
graphikos) are visual presentations on
some surface, such as a wall, canvas,
computer screen. e.g photographs,
drawings, Line Art, graphs, etc.
This is an image that is generated by a
computer

-2-

Elements of Multimedia
Images
An image (from Latin imago) is an
artifact, for example a two-dimensional
picture, that has a similar appearance to
some subjectusually a physical object
or a person.
A digital image is a representation of a
two-dimensional image using ones and
zeros (binary).
-2-

Elements of Multimedia
Images
Computers store images in form of
pixels map known as bitmap. A
bitmap is simple matrix of tiny dots
which forms an image on the
computer screen.
A Pixel (short for picture element) is
the small dot on the screen.
-2-

Elements of Multimedia

Images
Another form of image
generated by computers is
vector graphics.
They store images in the form
of mathematical equations.
-2-

Examples of Images

-2-

Examples of Images

-2-

Elements of Multimedia
Clipart
This is art or an image that is
made by various artists to fit
numerous different categories
such as people, animals, school,
etc. that can be inserted into your
own document
-2-

Examples of ClipArt

-2-

Examples of ClipArt

-2-

Elements of Multimedia
An animated GIF (Graphics Interchange
Format) file:
This is a graphic image on a Web page
that moves - for example, a twirling icon
or a banner with a hand that waves or
letters that magically get larger.

-2-

Examples of Animated GIF

-2-

Examples of Animated GIF

-2-

Elements of Multimedia
Audio
In computers, audio is the sound
system that comes with or can be
added to a computer.
An audio file is a record of
captured sound that can be
played back.
-2-

Elements of Multimedia
Audio
Audio is sound within the acoustic range
available to humans.
Sound is the meaningful speech in a
language
Sound is a sequence of naturally
analog signals that are converted to
digital signals by the audio card, an
analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
-2-

Examples of Audio

Types of Multimedia Devices

Types of multimedia devices include:
Microphones
Speakers
Digital Cameras
Headphones.
Computers
DVD Players
LCD Projector
Video Games
Home theaters
TV
-2-

Features of a Multimedia System

Very High Processing Power.
Multimedia Capable File System
Data Representations/File Formats that
support multimedia
Efficient and High Input / Output
Special Operating System
Storage and Memory
Software Tools
Network Support
-2-

Components of a Multimedia System

Capture devices
- Video Camera, Video Recorder,
- Audio Microphone, Keyboards,
- mice, graphics tablets,
- 3D input devices, tactile sensors,
- VR devices.
- Digitising/Sampling Hardware
Storage Devices
-Hard disks, CD-ROMs,
-Zip drives, Flash drives,
-DVD, etc
-2-

Components of a Multimedia System

Communication Networks
- Intranets, Internets, Ethernet
Computer Systems
- Multimedia Desktop machines,
Workstations, MPEG/VIDEO/DSP
Hardware
Display Devices
- CD-quality speakers, HDTV,SVGA,
- LCD, TFT, LED monitors, Colour
printers etc.
-2-

Why use multimedia in the classroom?

Multimedia activities encourage
students to work in groups.
Express their knowledge in multiple
ways.
Solve problems, revise their own
work, and construct knowledge.
Effective collaboration techniques
The value of teamwork
-2-

Why use multimedia in the classroom?

The significance of presentation and
speaking skills
The importance of research, planning,
and organization skills
The impact and importance of
different media
Techniques for synthesizing and
analyzing complex content
How to express their ideas creatively
-2-

Effects of Multimedia in the

Classroom
Change in Student and Teacher Roles
Increased Motivation and Self Esteem
Technical Skills
Accomplishment of More Complex Tasks
More Collaboration with Peers
Increased Use of Outside Resources
Improved Design Skills/Attention to
Audience

-2-

Advantages of Multimedia

Increases learning effectiveness.

Is more appealing over traditional.
lecture-based learning methods.
Offers significant potential in
improving personal
communications, education and
training efforts.
-2-

Advantages of Multimedia

Reduces training costs.

Is easy to use.
Gains and Holds Attention
It is integrated and interactive.
Multimedia is Entertaining as Well
as Educational

-2-

Advantages of Multimedia
Tailors information to the individual.
Provides high-quality video images &
audio.
Offers system portability.
Frees the teacher from routine tasks.
Gathers information about the study
results of the student.

-2-

Disadvantages of Multimedia
It takes time to compile.
Technological resources, both
hardware and software
Technological skills, for both the
students and teacher
It is expensive

-2-

Disadvantages of Multimedia

Not always easy to configure

Requires special hardware
Not always compatible
Time required to plan, design,
develop, and evaluate multimedia
activities

-2-

Stages in Multimedia Production

Research & Analysis
Scripting or flowcharting
Storyboarding
Collection of media elements and
construction
Programming
Testing

-2-

Stages in Multimedia Production

Research & Analysis

During this stage we
need to find out about the
audience, their skills,
needs and qualifications.

-2-

Stages in Multimedia Production

Scripting or flowcharting
Scripting or flowcharting
means deciding the flow of
the multimedia project

-2-

Stages in Multimedia Production

Storyboarding
During this stage the actual
visualization of the project takes
place. The designer decides how
each screen will look like, which
media elements will be used and
where to place them on the
screen.
-2-

Stages in Multimedia Production

Collection of media elements and
construction
At this stage the designer is ready
and starts creating the graphics
and other elements to be used in
the project.

-2-

Stages in Multimedia Production

Programming
At this stage the media
elements are combined
together into a final product
using software packages like
PowerPoint Presentation,
macromedia Flash.
-2-

Stages in Multimedia Production

Testing
This is the final stage of any
multimedia project. At this
stage we check if all the
elements are working as
per requirement or not.
-2-

Types of audio, video extensions

File
Extension
.bmp

.gif

Type of File Description

Bitmap Image

Uncompressed
image File used to
store bitmap digital
images.

Graphical
Interchange
Format File

Common for web

graphics with small
images with text.
Uses limited
number of colours

-2-

Types of audio, video extensions

File
Extension
.png

.jpeg / jpg

Type of File Description

Portable
Network
Graphics

Used to store
graphics for web
images

Joint
Common image
Photographic format used by
Expert / Group digital cameras
Image File
-2-

Types of audio, video extensions

File
Extension
.psd

.tif

Type of File Description

Photoshop
Document

Image created by
Adobe Photoshop

Tagged Image
File Format

Highly flexible and

platform
independent format
which is widely
used today

-2-

Types of audio, video extensions

File
Extension

Type of File Description

.avi

Audio Video
Interleave File

Developed by
Microsoft to play
videos in windows
environment

.wmv

Windows
Media Format
File
(Windows
Media Video)

This is a
compressed video
format for internet
streaming
applications

-2-

Types of audio, video extensions

File
Extension

Type of File

Description

.mpg / .mpeg Moving

Popular video
Pictures Expert format used for
Group File
creating movies
distributed over
internet
.mov

Quick Time
Format File

-2-

Developed by Apple.
Files are
compressed and are
easier to download
from the internet

Types of audio, video extensions

File
Extension

Type of File

Description

.rm / ram

Real Video File Combination of

Format
audio and video
(Real Audio
Metadata)

.swf / .flv

Adobe Flash
Shockwave File
(flv-Flash Video
File)
(swf - Small
Web Format)
-2-

Animated file
containing text and
images. Created by
using Adobe Flash
Software

Types of audio, video extensions

File
Extension

Type of File

.mid / . midi MIDI File

(Musical
Instrument
Digital Interface)
.wav

Wave File

Description
File containing
Music Data

Waveform audio file

-2-

Types of audio, video extensions

File
Extension

Type of File

Description

.mp3 / .mpga MPEG3 Audio Compressed audio

File
and music file, mp3
(Motion
songs or ringtones
Pictures Expert
Group Layer 3)
.mp4

MPEG4 Video
File

-2-

Commonly used for

sharing video files
on the internet.

Types of audio, video extensions

File
Extension

Type of File

Description

.m4v

iTunes Video
File

iTunes Video File

.asf

Advanced
Systems
Format File

Advanced Systems
Format File

-2-

Usage of Multimedia
Education and Training
Recording or broadcasting lectures
Using Video Conferencing we can
hear an expert speaker from a distant
location.
Demonstrating surgeries or other
techniques that learners may not
otherwise have the opportunity to see
and later put them in practice.
-2-

Usage of Multimedia
Record students performance to
enable feedback
Advertisements
Entertainment
Journalism
Edutainment
Animations and movies
Design. Architects and
engineers projects
-2-

Applications of Multimedia
World Wide Web
Hypermedia courseware
Video conferencing
Video-on-demand
Interactive TV
Groupware
Home shopping
Games
Virtual reality
Digital video editing and
production systems
Multimedia Database systems

-2-

Conclusion
Multimedia is the field concerned with
the computer-controlled integration of
text, graphics, drawings, still and
moving images (Video), animation,
audio, and any other media where
every type of information can be
represented, stored, transmitted and
processed digitally.
-2-

Conclusion
Multimedia system implements
multimedia technologies and in turn it is
used for enhancing multimedia
technology whereas multimedia
technology manages both the hardware
and software to create and run
multimedia system.

-2-

Exercise
1. What is multimedia? List the
elements of multimedia
2. What is typeface and font?
3. Explain how multimedia is used in
various fields?
4. List various file formats used for the
following files:
(a) Audio (b) Image (c) Video
5. List the stages in multimedia
production
-2-

Questions!!!

References
DaveHax.com
Edward Cheung email: icec@polyu.edu.hk Multimedia Systems 28 July, 2003.
File formats for Popular PC Software: A Programmers Reference , Jeff Walden
(John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1986)
Graphics File Formats , David C. Kay and John R. Levine(Windcrest Books/McGrawHill 1995)
Graphics File Formats: Reference and Guide , C. Wayne Brown and Barry J.
Shepherd (Manning Publications 1994)
Halsall, Fred, Multimedia Communications Applications, Networks, Protocols and
Standards, Addison-Wesley, 2001.
http://graphicssoft.about.com/library/weekly/aa000104e.htm
http://www.microsoft.com
http://www.thinkfinity.org/uploadedimages
http://www.YouTube.com
Mohd Khairuddin Bin Abd Karim: PowerPoint Presentation Graphics & MultimediaBasic Components Civil Engineering Dept. Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah
25350 Semambu, Kuantan Email: khairuddin_karim@polisas.edu.my
PC File Formats & Conversions , Ralf Kussmann (Abacus 1990)
Rao, K.R., Bojkovic, Z.S., Milovanovic, D.A., Multimedia Communication Systems,
Techniques, Standards and Networks, Ed., Prentice Hall PTR, 2002.
Special Issue on Multimedia Signal Processing, Part One, Proceedings of The IEEE,
Vol. 86, No. 5, pp. 749-1024, May 1998.
The Graphic File Toolkit: Converting and Using Graphic Files , Steve Rimmer
(Addison-Wesley 1994)

Thank you for your

attention!!!

END