Introduction to BioMEMS & Medical Microdevices

Intro to Clinical Laboratory Medicine

Companion lecture to the textbook: Fundamentals of BioMEMS and Medical Microdevices,
by Prof. Steven S. Saliterman, www.tc.umn.edu/~drsteve

Laboratory Studies by Category

Chemistries
Hematology
Immunology
Microbiology
Urinalysis
Anticoagulation
Blood gas
Cytology
Pathology

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Specimen Collection

Obtaining a specimen by venipuncture:

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Tracking and Handling

The robotic LAB InterLink automated specimen

processor control station:

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Immunology
Antibody Structure
Variable regions:
Determine antigen specificity.
Subdivided into the hypervariable
(HV1-3) & framework regions
(FR).
Proteases may cleave this region,
leaving the FAB (fragment
antigen binding).
Constant region:
Determines the mechanism to
destroy the antigen.

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Antibodies

IgG Antibody:

Heavy chains in blue

and blue-green.
Light chains in green
and yellow.
Carbohydrate in red.

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

http://www.umass.edu/microbio/rasmol/padlan.htm

Antibody-Antigen Interaction

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

The Biology Project, University of Arizona

Chemistries: ELISA
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the

Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).

Chemiluminescence (CL)

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Nephelometry

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the

Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).

Lipoprotein Analysis

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the

Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).

Spectrophotometric Assays

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the

Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).

Protein Electrophoresis

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the

Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).

Hematology

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

msn. Encarta

Hemopoiesis
Stem Cell

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

training.seer.cancer.gov/

Complete Blood Count

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the

Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).

Basic Flow Cytometry

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the

Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).

Flow Cytometry with Cell Markers

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the

Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).

Peripheral Blood Smear

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the

Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).

Sedimentation Rate

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the

Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).

Immunology: Antinuclear Antibodies

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the

Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).

Immunofixation

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the

Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).

Direct & Indirect Immunofluorescence

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the

Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).

Microbiology: Bacteria

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Neil Chamberlain, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine

Viruses, Fungi and Parasites

4
Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Viruses Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ; Fungi RC-PFMT, Chiba University, Japan;

Parasites The Ohio State University

Gram Stain

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the

Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).

Plating a Microbial Specimen

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the

Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests

Dilution Method

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Disc Diffusion method

Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the

Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).

Urinalysis

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the

Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).

Anticoagulation

Anticoagulant drugs are used in patients with:

Heart disease (including coronary artery disease and

mural thrombi),
Atrial fibrillation (an arrhythmia),
Pulmonary embolism (clot in the lung vasculature),
Deep venous thrombophlebitis (DVT),
Artifical heart valves and other prosthetic cardiovascular
devices, and
Other disorders.

Coagulopathies include genetic and acquired

deficiencies in coagulation factors, abnormal synthesis
performance of the liver in hepatic (liver) diseases.

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

INR

The International Normalized Ratio (INR)

Created by the World Health Organization
(WHO) because PT results can vary
depending on the thromboplastin reagent
used.
The INR is a conversion unit that takes into
account the different sensitivities of
thromboplastins.
The INR is widely accepted as the standard
unit for reporting PT results.

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

PT & INR Measurement

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Image courtesy of HemoSense Inc

Arterial Blood Gases

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP

Laposata M, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology in the

Practice of Medicine, ASCP Press, Chicago (2002).

Summary
Antibodies
Studies by categories included:

Chemistries
Hematology
Immunology
Microbiology
Urinalysis
Anticoagulation
Blood gases

Steven S. Saliterman, MD, FACP