LedctureNotesClass24

LedctureNotesClass24

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LedctureNotesClass25

LedctureNotesClass25

Derivation of the Cosine of a Sum

Assume the radius of the circle in figure 7-2a is 1.
Let a be the radian measure of angle MOK.
Let b be the radian measure of angle KOJ.
Then a+b is the radian measure of angle MOJ, by the angle addition postulate.
Find the lengths of the various line segments in terms of sine and cosine in figure 7-2a:
The length of KM is
sin(a) .
The length of OM is
cos(a) .
The length of JL is
sin(b) .
The length of OL is
cos(b) .
The length of JN is
sin(a+b) . We will refer to this later as Equation (1)
The length of ON is
cos(a+b) .
Figure 7-2b shows the same diagram as figure 7-2a except it has been rotated clockwise about the origin by an
angle of radian measure a. In addition, there are two new points, R and S, and two new line segments, RS (in
green) and JS (in pink). All of the lengths above are still the same.
Triangles ROS and KOM are congruent by
, so that the length of the new line segment, RS, is the same
as the length of KM; which we already determined to be
sin(a) . From that same congruency, we also
know that the length of OR is
cos(a) .
Use the lengths of the line segments above to determine the coordinates of points J and S as they appear in
figure 7-2b.
J is at (cos(b), sin(b) ).
S is at (cos(a), -sin(a) ).
Use the distance formula to find the length of side JS:
_____________________________
length of JS = (cos(a) - cos(b))2 + (sin(a) + sin(b))2 =
_____________________________________________________
cos2(b) - 2cos(b)cos(a) + cos2(a) + sin2(b) + 2sin(b)sin(a) + sin2(a)
Substituting twice using the Pythagorean Identity, we have:
__________________________
length of JS = 2 + 2sin(b)sin(a) - 2cos(b)cos(a) We will refer to this later as Equation (2)
Also the length of NS = length of OS - length of ON = 1 - cos(a+b) We will refer to this as Equation (3)
Now triangle JNS is a right triangle with JS as the hypotenuse,
using the Pythagorean Theorem and equations (1), (2), and (3) we have:
2 + 2sin(a)sin(b) - 2cos(a)cos(b) = sin2(a+b) + (1 - cos(a+b))2
Simplifying:
2 + 2sin(a)sin(b) - 2cos(a)cos(b) = sin2(a+b) + 1 - 2cos(a+b) + cos2(a+b)
Substituting using the Pythagorean Identity, we have:
2 + 2sin(a)sin(b) - 2cos(a)cos(b) = 2 - 2cos(a+b)
Finally, solving for cos(a+b):
cos(a+b) = cos(a)cos(b) - sin(a)sin(b)

LectureNotesClass26Sine&CosineofaSumorDiffIdentities.notebook

LectureNotesClass26Sine&CosineofaSumorDiffIdentities.notebook

LectureNotesClass27DoubleAngleandHalfAngleIdentities

LectureNotesClass27DoubleAngleandHalfAngleIdentities

LectureNotesClass27DoubleAngleandHalfAngleIdentities

LectureNotesClass27DoubleAngleandHalfAngleIdentities

LectureNotesClass28SolvingTrigEquations

LectureNotesClass28SolvingTrigEquations

LectureNotesClass28SolvingTrigEquations

LectureNotesClass28SolvingTrigEquations

LectureNotesClass31Chapter08GraphsofSine,Cosine,andTangent

LectureNotesClass31Chapter08GraphsofSine,Cosine,andTangent

LectureNotesClass31Chapter08GraphsofSine,Cosine,andTangent

LectureNotesClass31Chapter08GraphsofSine,Cosine,andTangent

LectureNotesClass31Chapter08GraphsofSine,Cosine,andTangent

LectureNotesClass31Chapter08GraphsofSine,Cosine,andTangent

LectureNotesClass31Chapter08GraphsofSine,Cosine,andTangent

LectureNotesClass31Chapter08GraphsofSine,Cosine,andTangent

LectureNotesClass31Chapter08GraphsofSine,Cosine,andTangent

LectureNotesClass32Chapter08GraphsofCosecant,Secant,andCotangent

LectureNotesClass32Chapter08GraphsofCosecant,Secant,andCotangent

LectureNotesClass32Chapter08GraphsofCosecant,Secant,andCotangent

LectureNotesClass32Chapter08GraphsofCosecant,Secant,andCotangent

LectureNotesClass32Chapter08GraphsofCosecant,Secant,andCotangent

LectureNotesClass32Chapter08GraphsofCosecant,Secant,andCotangent