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2-Span PSC Composite I Girder Bridge
00
2-Span PSC Composite I Girder Bridge
Overview
- A two span of 22.8m long composite bridge consisting of five precast, post tensioned girder beams
spaced at 3m centers are generated using beam elements with defined construction stages.
- The behavior of the bridge under Static loads, Prestress loads and Moving loads are examined
Step
00
Bridge Type:
Span Length:
Width:
Moving Loads:
Time Dependent Material:
Step
00
3m
0.25m
0.15m
0.15m
0.50m
0.50m
0.10m
1.20m
0.30m
0.10m
1.
m
0.025
m
0.15m
0.45m
0.45m
Mid Section
End Section
2-Span PSC Composite I Girder Bridge
Step
00
Structural sections
Expansion Gap between the 2 spans is 40mm.
Girders are spaced 3m c/c.
Support
Section
Tapered
Section
Mid Section
0.45
m
0.3m
7.2m
1.5m
2.0m
^U`m
Step
01
Modeling >
Generating Model
.
2
Step
01
Modeling >
Material Properties
4
Go to Properties
1
2
Step
01
Modeling >
Go to Properties
(Creep/Shrinkage)
2
3
Step
01
Modeling >
Go to Properties
5
6
Click on Add
Name > M30 Comp
Type > Code
Development of Strength > Code >
INDIA (IRC:112-2011)
Mean compressive strength of
concrete at age of 28 days
(fck+delta_f) > 40N/mm2
Click on Redraw Graph
Click on OK
Step
01
Modeling >
Go to Properties
4
2
5
Materials list
7
Click on Close
10
Step
01
Modeling >
Defining Section
1
4
5
2
Click on Add..
Click on Apply
Note: The internal Process of section offset is explained in the help file .
Path: Help > Contents > Start > Model > Properties > Section, When Section
tab is opened under offset, click on Details
11
Step
01
Modeling >
Defining Section
Note: Check on the Symmetry box, so that only the left side details of the section can
be inputted with the right side details being automatically taken.
12
Step
01
Modeling >
3
4
.
6
Click on Apply
Click on Apply
13
Step
01
Modeling >
Defining Section
Go to Properties
Click on Add..
4
5
1
2
Click on OK
Note: To define prismatic sections in midas Civil, go to Models > Properties > Section > Value and here enter the section properties directly
instead of section dimensions. To know how sectional properties are calculated go to Help > Contents > Start > Model > Properties >
Section > Section Properties
14
Step
01
Modeling >
Defining Section
Go to Properties
Click on Add..
4
5
1
2
Define Pier:
Name > Pier
Section Type > Solid Track
Select User
H > 1.5m, B > 3m
Define Dummy:
Name > Dummy 1
Section Type > Solid Rectangle
Select User
H > 0.25m, B > 1m
6
Click on OK
Note: To define prismatic sections in midas Civil, go to Models > Properties > Section > Value and here enter the section properties directly
instead of section dimensions. To know how sectional properties are calculated go to Help > Contents > Start > Model > Properties >
Section > Section Properties
15
Step
01
Modeling >
Define Big-Small:
Note: The internal Process of calculation of sectional property as per dimensional variation is explained in
the help file. Path: Help > Contents > Start > Model > Properties > Section > Tapered tab, under Note,
click on Details
16
Step
01
Modeling >
Creating Nodes
Menu
2
Go to Tree Menu
17
Step
01
Modeling >
Creating Elements
3
Click on Node/Elements
Click on Extrude
Go to Tree Menu
1
2
Element
5
Select Node 1
Click Apply
6
Click on Close
18
Step
01
Modeling >
Node Translation
Click on Node/Element
Go to Tree Menu
Mode Copy
Translation Unequal Distance
Select Axis Y
Translating Nodes
Distance -1.5
Click Apply
5
Click Close
19
Step
01
Modeling >
Creating Elements
Click on Node/Elements
Click on Extrude
1
2
Go to Tree Menu
Select Extrude Type Node -> Line
Element
Select Element Type Beam
Generating Elements:
Select Material Dummy
Select Section Dummy 1
Select Generation type Translate
Select Translation Unequal Distance
Select Axis Y
Distances > 1.5, 4@3, 1.5
Select Nods as highlighted
Click Apply
Click on Close
4
20
Step
01
Modeling >
Node Translation
Click on Node/Element
Go to Tree Menu
1
2
Mode Copy
Translation Unequal Distance
Select Axis Y
Translating Elements
Distance 4@3
Check Node and Element
Click Apply
Click on
Select Axis as X
Distance 22.84
Click Apply
5
Click Close
3
5
21
Step
01
Modeling >
Node Translation
Click on Node/Element
Go to Tree Menu
Mode Copy
Translation Unequal Distance
Select Axis Z
Translating Nodes
Distance -1.975,-0.3
Click Apply
5
Click Close
5
3
22
Step
01
Modeling >
Creating Elements
Click on Node/Elements
1
3
2
Go to Tree Menu
Generating Elements:
Select Material M40
Select Section End Diaphragm
Check Node and Element
Click in Nodal Connectivity box
Click on 1 and 2
Click in Nodal Connectivity box
Click on 3 and 4
Click in Nodal Connectivity box
Click on 5 and 6
Click in Nodal Connectivity box
Click on 7 and 8
Click on Close
7
3
1
2
4 6
23
Step
01
Modeling >
Node Translation
Click on Node/Element
Go to Tree Menu
1
4
Mode Copy
Translation Equal Distance
Dx,dy,dx> 0.27,-1,0
5
Click ApplyandClose
24
Step
01
Modeling >
Creating Elements
Click on Node/Elements
Click on Extrude
1
2
Go to Tree Menu
Select Extrude Type Node -> Line
Element
Select Element Type Beam
Generating Elements:
Select Material M30
Select Section Mid Pier Cap
Select Generation type Translate
Select Translation Unequal Distance
Select Axis Y
Distances > 1, 4@3, 1
Select Node as highlighted
Click Apply
Click on Close
25
Step
01
Modeling >
Creating Elements
Click on Node/Elements
Click on Extrude
1
2
Go to Tree Menu
Select Extrude Type Node -> Line
Element
Select Element Type Beam
Generating Elements:
Select Material M30
Select Section Pier
Select Generation type Translate
Select Translation Unequal Distance
Select Axis Z
Distances > -1.5, -6
Select Node as highlighted
Click Apply
Click on Close
26
Step
01
Modeling >
Click on Node/Element
Go to Tree Menu
1
2
27
Step
01
Modeling >
Go to Tree Menu
2
1
Click on Works
window
4
in model window
5
6
8
Window
7
Window
5
28
Step
01
Modeling >
4
1
Click on Works
57to465by102 58to466by102
83to491by102 84to492by102
5
Window
29
Step
01
Modeling >
Click on Properties
Go to Tree Menu
1
2
3
Click on Add
Set Group Name as Sup-Mid
Enter Element by list as 57to465by102
58to466by102 83to491by102
84to492by102
Click on Add
Set Group Name as PC1
Enter Element by list as 2 to 3
Click on Add
Set Group Name as PC2
Enter Element by list as 7 to 6
Click on Add
4
Click on Close
4
30
Step
01
Modeling >
Group Definition
1
Defining Group
Go to Tree Menu
1
2
Note: 1) Structure groups are especially dedicated to Construction Stage analysis (of a sequential bridge construction) where each part of
the total structure erected in each stage needs to be identified as a different structure from those of other stages.
2) Boundary groups are especially dedicated to Construction Stage analysis (of a sequential bridge construction) where each part of
the total structure erected in each stage may retain different boundary conditions from those of other stages.
3) Load groups are especially dedicated to Construction Stage analysis (of a sequential bridge construction) where each part of the
total structure erected in each stage may be subjected to different loadings.
31
Step
01
Modeling >
CS 1
CS 3(Dia)
CS 2
CS 3(Gird)
Note: Structure groups can be defined in Define Structure Group first. Next, the desired nodes and elements can be selected in the Group
tab of the Tree Menu and assigned to the groups by Drag & Drop.
32
Step
01
Modeling >
3
4
CS 4
Cross Elements
CS 5
Elements figure
Drag & drop in the Model View window
Note: Structure groups can be defined in Define Structure Group first. Next, the desired nodes and elements can be selected in the Group
tab of the Tree Menu and assigned to the groups by Drag & Drop.
33
Step
01
Modeling >
Support Definition
Click Boundary
Go to Tree Menu
3
1
2
Go to Boundary tab
Select Boundary Group Name G Link1
Click on Rigid Body
Check Copy Rigid Link
Select Axis Y
Enter Distances: 4@3
Click in Master Node Number:
Click Highlighted Node 1
Select Node 2 using
Click Apply
Click in Master Node Number:
Click Highlighted Node 3
Select Node 4 using
Click Apply
7
3 5
1
8
4
Click Close
2-Span PSC Composite I Girder Bridge
34
Step
01
Modeling >
Support Definition
Click Boundary
Go to Tree Menu
3
1
2
Go to Boundary tab
Select Boundary Group Name Sub
Click on Rigid Body
Check Copy Rigid Link
Select Axis Y
Enter Distances: 4@3
Click in Master Node Number:
Click Highlighted Node 1
Select Node 2 using
Click Apply
4
2
2
Click Close
35
Step
01
Modeling >
Support Definition
Click Boundary
Go to Tree Menu
3
1
2
Go to Boundary tab
Select Boundary Group Name Bearing 1
7
3
1
4 6
2
4
Click Close
36
Step
01
Modeling >
Support Definition
Click Boundary
Go to Tree Menu
3
1
2
Go to Boundary tab
Select Boundary Group Name Sub
37
Step
01
Modeling >
Support Definition
3
1
2
Click Boundaries
Click Support
Go to Tree Menu
Go to Boundary tab
Check D-ALL
Select Boundary Group Name Temp 1
Select nodes highlighted as 1
Click Apply
Select Boundary Group Name Temp 2
Select nodes highlighted as 2
Click Apply
Select Boundary Group Name Bearing 1
Select nodes highlighted as 3
Click Apply
Select Boundary Group Name Bearing 2
Select nodes highlighted as 4
Click Apply
Check R-ALL
Select Boundary Group Name Sub
1
2
3
Click Close
5
4
2-Span PSC Composite I Girder Bridge
38
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
Go to Load tab
1
2
Name : SIDL
Type : Construction Stage Load(CS)
Click Add
Name : Crash Barrier
Type : Construction Stage Load(CS)
Click Add
Name : Prestressing
Type : Construction Stage Load(CS)
Click Add
Name : Deck Green
Click Close
39
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
1
3
Go to Load tab
Click Self Weight
Go to Tree Menu
Go to Load
Select Load Case Name Self Weight
Select Load Group Name SW
Enter Self Weight Factor, Z : -1
Click Add
Click Close
Go to Load tab
Click Element
Go to Tree Menu
Go to Load
Select Load Case Name Crash Barrier
Select Load Group Name CB
Select Load Type Uniform Loads
Check Eccentricity
Select Eccentricity Direction Global Y
Select Load Direction Global Z
Enter w -10 KN
Enter Distance I-End -1.25m
In Model View window select
highlighted elements 1
Click Apply
Enter Distance I-End 1.25m
In Model View window select
highlighted elements 2
Click Apply
Click Close
2
5
40
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
1
Go to Load tab
Click Element
Go to Tree Menu
Go to Load
Select Load Case Name SIDL
Select Load Group Name SIDL
Select Load Type Uniform Loads
Select Load Direction Global Z
Enter w -4.5 KN/m
In Model View window select all
Main Girder elements
Click Apply
ClickClose
41
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
2
4
3
Click Temp/Prestress
Click Add
Click OK
6
Click Close
1
42
Step
Load >
Defining Loads
1
3
2
Go to Load tab
Click Temp/Prestress
Click Add
Enter Tendon Name G1T1
Select Tendon Property
Click in Assigned Elements
Select elements in Model View
Select Input Type 3D
Select Curve Type Spline
Select Reference Axis Element
Open excel sheet Cable Coordinates
*From excel sheet copy Tendon
Coordinates for G1T1
Paste on Input Table
Select Point of Symmetry Last
Click Make Symmetric Tendon
Select Profile Insertion Point End-I
Type 54
Click OK
Elements 54 to 79
Click Close
6
Note: An insertion point is used as a point of reference for the tendon profile in the Global Coordinate System (GCS).
Only one profile is needed for a precast beam in spite of the number of elements (four in this example) that we are
using to model it.
02
43
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
1
Go to Loadtab
Click Temp/Prestress
Click Copy/Move
Select Mode Copy
Select Translation Equal Distance
dx, dy, dz> 0,3000,0
Click OK
dx, dy, dz> 0,6000,0
Click OK
dx, dy, dz> 0,9000,0
Click OK
dx, dy, dz> 0,12000,0
Click OK
Click Copy/Move
Select Mode Copy
Select Translation Equal Distance
dx, dy, dz> 22840,0,0
Click OK
Click Close
44
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
1
2
Go to Load tab
Click Temp/Prestress
Go to Tree Menu
Go to Load
45
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
Go to Load tab
India
Note: To increase the accuracy of vehicular live load analysis for bridges with crossbeams, the number of Cross Beams may be increased.
This can be done by providing large number of equally spaced fictitious Cross Beams in the transverse direction, having weight
density = 0. The depth and width of these Cross Beams will be equal to the deck slab thickness and center-to-center distance
between the Cross Beams, respectively.
46
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
1
3
Go to Load tab
Click Add
Enter Lane Name Class A 1
View the figure provided
Enter Eccentricity -0.3m
Enter Wheel Spacing 1.8m
Enter Span Length 22.8m
Select Selection by 2 Points
Select Vehicular load distribution Cross
beam
Select cross beam group Cross Elements
Click in the Box
Select Moving direction as Both
Click on node no. 96
Click on Node no. 149
Click OK
2
3
Node no. 96
2-Span PSC Composite I Girder Bridge
47
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
Click Vehicles
1
3
Standard Load
4
6
Click Apply
Click OK
Click Close
48
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
1
Go to Load tab
Click Add
Click on ->
Click OK
8
Note: To take into account of the wheel spacing and minimum clearance for
different vehicles, the Auto Live Load Combination option can be
unchecked and manually different moving load combinations can be
created for the vehicles as per IRC 6:2000.
49
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
1
Go to Load tab
Click Add
Click on ->
Click OK
8
Note: To take into account of the wheel spacing and minimum clearance for
different vehicles, the Auto Live Load Combination option can be
unchecked and manually different moving load combinations can be
created for the vehicles as per IRC 6:2000.
50
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
1
Go to Load tab
Click Add
Note: To take into account of the wheel spacing and minimum clearance for
different vehicles, the Auto Live Load Combination option can be
unchecked and manually different moving load combinations can be
created for the vehicles as per IRC 6:2000.
51
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
Stage
CS 1
Days
1
CS 2
21
CS3
21
CS 4
21
CS 5
14
CS 6
9922
Details
Pier and Pier Cap are activated at the age of 28 days
Girders of the span 1 are stressed and launched
Girders of span 1 are resting on temporary support
Casting of Diaphragm for span 1 begins
Girders of span 1 are shifted to actual bearings
Diaphragm of span 1 are activated at age of 14 days
Casting of slab for span 1 begins at the 14th day of CS3
Girders for span 2 are launched
Girders of span 2 are resting on temporary support
Casting of Diaphragm for span 2 begins
Diaphragm of span 2 are activated at age of 14 days
Deck slab of span 1 is activated at age of 14 days
Casting of slab for span 2 begins on the 7th day of CS 4
Girders for span 2 are shifted to actual bearings
Deck slab for span 2 is activated at the age of 14 days
To check the long term stresses of structure
Casting of Crash Barrier and Wearing Course
52
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
3
1
Data
3
Click Add
Enter Age 28
10
Click Add
5
6
Note: Age reflects the effects of creep and shrinkage on the elements. The Age
represents the time elapsed from the time of concrete casting prior to the start of
the current construction stage being defined. That is, the Age is the maturity of the
element groups at the start of the current stage being defined. The Age typically
represents the time span from the time of concrete casting to the time of removal
of formwork for horizontal members such as slabs.
10
53
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
Select Deformed
Click Add
1
54
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
Click Add
1
Click Apply
2
55
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
the image
56
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
the image
57
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
the image
58
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
the image
59
Step
02
Load >
Defining Loads
the image
60
Step
02
Modeling >
Defining Loads
3
1
Click Add
Select Active Stage CS02
*Select Section Girder Mid
Select Composite Type Normal
Under Construction Sequence
For Part I
Select Material Type Element
Set Composite Stage Active Stage
Enter Age 14
#h will be automatically entered
For Part II
Select Material Type Material
Select Material M30
Select Composite Stage CS04
Enter Age 10 days
Enter h 1m
Click Apply
Click Close
61
Step
03
Analysis >
Go to Analysis tab
Click OK
62
Step
03
Analysis >
Go to Analysis tab
Click Construction Stage
Select Final Stage Last Stage
Select Analysis Option Include Time
Dependent Effect
Click on Time Dependent Effect
Control
Select Type Creep & Shrinkage
Select Tendon Tension Loss Effect
(Creep & Shrinkage)
Select Variation of Comp. Strength
Select Tendon Tension Loss (Elastic
Shortening)
Click OK
Check Frame Output Calculate
Output of Each part of Composite
Section
63
Step
03
Analysis >
Click OK
Note: Construction Stage Analysis Control is explained in detail in the help file .
Path: Help > Contents > Start > Analysis > Construction Stage Analysis Control
64
Step
03
Analysis >
Perform Analysis
Run Analysis
1
2
1
Go to Analysis tab
65
Step
04
Result>
Combination
Load Combination
1
1
Go to Results tab
Click OK
Click Close
4
7
66
Step
04
Result>
Reaction
Result Verification
1
6
Go to Results tab
Click Reactions
2
3
Select Value
5
Click Apply
Click OK
5
13
Result-[Reaction]
67
Step
04
Result>
Displacement
Result Verification
1
Go to Results tab
Click Deformations
Select Components
Click Apply
2
4
3
68
Step
04
Result>
Result Verification
2
1
Go to Results tab
Click Forces
11
& Stresses
5
Click OK
8
6
10
12
70R (MV:max)
11
Click OK
12
69
Step
04
Result>
Result Verification
2
1
Go to Results tab
5
3
Click Apply
70
Step
04
Result>
Result Verification
1
Go to Tools tab
71
Step
04
Result>
Stresses
1
Result Verification
2
1
Click Stresses
Select Components
Click Apply
4
3
5
72
Step
04
Result>
Tendon Loss
1
2
Result Verification
1
Go to Results tab
Click Tendon
73
Step
04
Result>
Result Verification
1
Go to Results tab
Click OK
in Result-[Elastic Link]
74
Step
05
Additional Features
(1) DXF Import
Important considerations:
Polyline in dxf file will be imported as a plate elements.
Surface in dxf file will be imported as a plate element.
Solid cannot be imported.
Unit system must be consistent.
import
Line
Beam Elements
import
Polyline Rectangle
import
Plate Element
3-D Face
75
Step
05
Additional Features
(2) Integral Bridge
Using the formulation proposed by B.M. Lehane, soil springs can be assigned.
To account for this characteristic of the soil, lateral springs are modeled as compression-only
springs and vertical springs are modeled as linear elastic springs.
76
Step
05
Additional Features
(3) Loads
Self weight
Specified Displacement of Supports
Pressure Load
Temperature Load
System Temperature - for applying the change in temperature to whole structure.
Nodal Temperate for applying change in temperature to certain nodes.
Element Temperature for applying change in temperature to certain elements.
Temperature Gradient for applying change in temperature to beam and plate sections.
Beam Section Temperature for applying temperature gradient to beam sections (General
Sections and PSC sections).
77
Step
05
Additional Features
(4) Section Property Calculator
78
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