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MAGNETIC PARTICLE
EXAMINATION
PROCEDURE

Magnetic Particle
Examination

AR-TB-MT-001
Rev.

Page

1 OF 22

Date

01 June, 2002

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Rev. No.
3
Date:
Date:

Prepared By
Name
Signature

MAGNETIC PARTICLE
EXAMINATION
PROCEDURE

Name
Signature

Approved By

AR-TB-MT-001
Rev.

Page

2 OF 22

Date

01 June, 2002

Reviewed By

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MAGNETIC PARTICLE
EXAMINATION
PROCEDURE

Name

Date:

Signature

0
Date:01/06/02

Name

Abdallah M. A. Hassanein

Signature

CONTENTS

AR-TB-MT-001
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Date

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MAGNETIC PARTICLE
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S/N

SUBJECT

SCOPE

REFERENCES

DEFINITIONS

RESPONSIBILITIES

PROCEDURE

AR-TB-MT-001
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1.

SCOPE:

MAGNETIC PARTICLE
EXAMINATION
PROCEDURE

ATTACHMENTS

AR-TB-MT-001
Rev.

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5 OF 22

Date

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2.

MAGNETIC PARTICLE
EXAMINATION
PROCEDURE

AR-TB-MT-001
Rev.

Page

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Date

01 June, 2002

1.1

To specify the minimum requirements for magnetic particle inspection of welds and areas in
ferromagnetic materials, to detect discontinuities open to the surface, employing
electromagnetic and / or permanent magnet yoke equipment, with dry or wet systems.

1.2

This procedure is to cover methods to be employed for the magnetic particle inspection of
welds in pressure vessels, boilers, boiler external piping including fitting e.g. flanges, tees,
elbows, valves, etc. and associated steel structures subject to the limitations of access.
REFERENCES:

2.1 ASME Boilers & Pressure Vessels Code Section V Non-Destructive Examination, applicable
edition/addenda.
2.2 ASME Boilers & Pressure Vessels Code Section VIII Div 1, applicable edition/addenda, for
acceptance criteria.
2.3 ASME Boilers & Pressure Vessels Code Section I, applicable edition / addenda, for
acceptance criteria.

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2.4 ASME Code B31.1, applicable edition / addenda, for acceptance criteria.
2.5 Clients specification requirements for acceptance criteria.
2.6 AR-TB-WP 001, Qualification and Certification of NDE Personnel.
DEFINITIONS:

3.

4.

3.1

MPI:

Magnetic particle inspection.

3.2

AC:

Alternating current.

3.3

DC:

Direct current.

3.4

B & PV

Boilers and Pressure Vessels

RESPONSIBILITIES:

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4.1

5.

MAGNETIC PARTICLE
EXAMINATION
PROCEDURE

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The NDE Examiner shall be responsible for conducting and reporting the resultsof inspection
in accordance with ASME-B & PV Code, Section V and / or Clients specifications whichever
is more stringent.
PROCEDURE:

5.1

Personnel Qualifications:
5.1.1 All personnel involved in Magnetic Particle Examinations shall be qualified in
accordance with the requirements of ARESCO written practice No., AR-TB-WP 001,
(Written Practice for NDE Personnel Qualification).
5.1.2 When the written practice is revised, the certification of NDE personnel remains valid
to the requirements of the previous revision until the expiry date of the personnel
qualification certificate; then, recertification to the requirements of the new revision is
required.
5.1.3 Subcontractors personnel involved in Magnetic Particle Examinations shall be
qualified in accordance with the requirements of subcontractors written practice

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which shall be reviewed and accepted by ARESCO NDE Level III or Quality Control
Manager.
5.1.4 The certification of personnel shall be checked by the Quality Control Manager or
NDE Level III prior to work commencement.
5.2

Equipment:
5.2.1 Electromagnetic yokes shall be the adjustable leg type magnaflux model Y7 yoke or
equivalent.
5.2.2 The yoke will be capable of lifting a test weight of 40 Ib (18.1 kg.) at a pole spacing
of 4 in. (100 mm.) while on DC, and a test weight 10 Ib (4.5 kg.) at a pole spacing of
4 in. (100 mm.) while on AC.
5.2.3 Permanent magnets either with fixed or adjustable pole shall have a lifting power
capable of lifting a test weight of 40 lbs. (18.1 kg).

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5.2.4 Calibration of the said weights shall be in accordance with the relevant calibration
procedure.
5.3

Material:
5.3.1 Only materials of a recognised approved commercial quality shall be used, as
identified by the manufacturers name i.e. Ardrox, Ely Chemicals, Magnaflux,
Becotest, or as specified by the client. In any case, the specific type of material to be
used, shall be demonstrated to the satisfaction of A.I. in accordance with ASME Code
Section V, Article 1, T-150, and certificate shall be attached to this procedure upon
demonstration.
5.3.2 Ready mixed wet consumables contained in aerosol can form are considered
acceptable.
5.3.3 Dry powders of appropriate colors that can make them highly visible against the
background of the surface being examined, may be used for dry applications.

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5.3.4 Particles shall be used within the temperature range limitations set by the
manufacturer.
5.4

Surface Condition:
5.4.1 Generally satisfactory results may be obtained when the surface of the part is in the
as-welded, as-rolled, as-cast, or as forged condition. Surface preparation by grinding,
machining, or other methods may be necessary where surface irregularities could
mask the interpretation.
5.4.2 Prior to magnetic particle examination the weld areas that are to be examined and all
adjacent areas within at least 1 in. shall be dry and free of all dirt, grease, lint, scale,
welding flux and spatter, oil, or other extraneous matter that could interfere with the
examination.

5.5

Preparation:
5.5.1 Preparation may include degreasing, removal of scale, weld ripples, spatter, grinding
or chipping marks, etc. that may interfere with the interpretation.

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5.5.2 Cleaning may be accomplished using detergents, organic solvents, descaling solutions,
paint removers, sand or grit blasting methods.
5.5.3 If coatings are left on the part in the area being examined, it must be demonstrated
that indications can be detected through the existing maximum coating thickness
applied. When AC yoke technique is used, the demonstration must be in accordance
with Mandatory Appendix I of Article 7, ASME Code Section V.
5.5.4 When coatings are applied temporarily to uncoated surfaces only in amounts sufficient
to enhance particle contrast, it must be demonstrated that indications can be detected
through the enhancement coating.
NOTE:
5.6

Requirements of T-150(a) shall be used for guidance for the demonstration

required in 5.5.3 and 5.5.4.

Examination:

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5.6.1

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The method of magnetisation shall be done using either electromagnetic yoke or

permanent magnet, with pole spacing to be no greater than 4 in. (100 mm).
Continuous magnetisation method shall be utilised.

For electromagnetic yoke, the yoke is energised, and the ink or powder is
applied to the area between the poles. The application of the ink/powder shall be
stopped and the excess of the medium shall be removed before the yoke is deenergised.
For permanent magnets, the magnet shall be placed across the area and the ink
or powder is applied to the area between the poles. The application of the
ink/powder shall be stopped and the excess of the medium shall be removed
before the magnet is removed.

5.6.2 For the application of powder in either technique, the powder shall be introduced to
the area very lightly and sparingly so as not to disturb any lightly held powder
patterns.
5.6.3 With the ink method, care shall be exercised to avoid flooding of the area.

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5.6.4 The examination shall be repeated with the magnet/ yoke being relocated at 90 to the
first magnetisation direction.
5.6.5 To ensure full coverage of the area under examination, overlap of at least 1 inch
between successive yoke shots shall be maintained.
5.6.6 The adequacy or direction of the magnetising field, when necessary, shall be
demonstrated by using the magnetic particle field indicator. The magnetic particle
field indicator described in ASME V Fig. T-753.1.1 shall be used.
5.6.7 Good lighting, when using nonfluorescent particles, shall be available to ensure that
shadows do not obstruct the test areas. The intensity of the visible light at the
surface of the part / work piece undergoing examination shall be a minimum of 100
foot candles (1000 lux). The light level verification shall be demonstrated one time,
documented, and maintained on file.

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5.6.8 With fluorescent particles, the examination is performed using black light. The
examination shall be performed as follows:

5.6.9
5.7

It shall be performed in a darkened area.

The examiner shall be in the darkened area for at lest 5 min. prior to performing
the examination to enable his eyes to adapt to dark viewing. If the examiner
wears glasses or lenses, they shall not be photosensitive.
The black light shall be allowed to warm up for a minimum of 5 min. prior to use
or measurement of the intensity of the ultraviolet emitted.
The black light intensity shall be measured at least once every 8 hours, and
whenever the shift is changed. The measured intensity shall be at least 1000
W/cm2 on the surface of the part being examined.

Demagnetisation shall be required after the completion of the examination when the
residual magnetic field could interfere with subsequent processing or usage.

Interpretation:

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5.7.1 All indications shall be considered as discontinuities, until investigated, where they
shall then be defined as relevant to the specification / codes, and shall be evaluated in
terms of the acceptance standards of the referencing Code Section.
5.7.2 Non-relevant indications may be caused by change of section, property of material,
inadequate preparation i.e., slag scale, etc. and therefore not considered detrimental
to the weld area examined.
5.7.3 Broad areas of particle accumulation which might mask indications from
discontinuities are prohibited, and such areas shall be cleaned and re-examined.
5.7.4 Should any indication not be identified then it shall be rejected and reported as a
defect and investigated with an alternative NDE method.
5.8

Acceptance Criteria:
5.8.1

Acceptance criteria shall be as specified in the referencing Code section or as

specified by the Client, whichever is more restrictive.

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5.9

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Post Cleaning:
5.9.1

Upon the completion of the examination, a suitable technique for post cleaning shall
be employed such as water rinse or solvent dwell.

5.10 Documentation:
5.10.1 Each examination shall be reported together with interpretation of flaws/defects
encountered, and where necessary diagrammatic sketches shall be made to show the
location of defects.
5.10.2 As a minimum the report shall give the following information:

Job No.

Product Serial No.

Drawing/ line number.

Item or weld reference.

Interpretation.

Date of examination.

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Welders mark, number or identity.

Equipment and technique.
Examiners name and qualification level.
Other information as required.

ATTACHMENTS:

6.

6.1

Magnetic Particle Examination Report.

AR-TB-MT-001
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EXAMINATION
PROCEDURE

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6.1 Magnetic Particle Examination Report

Client::

Project :

Job No.:

Part Examined:

Drawing No.:

Material:

Thickness:

Reference Procedure Specification:

Surface Condition:

Acceptance Criteria :

Surface Temperature:

Method Description

Equipment and Products

Magnetizing Method: Continuous / Residual

Equipment Type:

Examination Method:

Manufacturer:

Current Type :

Wet / Dry / Visible / Fluorescent

AC / DC

Magnetic Field Direction :

Particles :
Manufacturer:

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MAGNETIC PARTICLE
EXAMINATION
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Magnetizing Time:

Color:

Lighting:

Contrast Medium:

Post Cleaning:
Weld ID

Demagnetization :
Welder ID

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Manufacturer:
Judgement

Remarks

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MAGNETIC PARTICLE
EXAMINATION
PROCEDURE

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Rev.

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SKETCH

Name
NDE Examiner
Client Representative
Authorized Inspector

Signature

Level

Date