Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1C vs 3C vs 4C
Cable vs wireless
Group geophone vs single
Realtime QC vs continuous recording
Broadband, dual sensor streamer
Economical aspect
Economical aspect
Budget
Cost of the survey (Shot point, area or daily base)
Survey volume
Joint operation
2D SEISMIC PARAMETERS
Group Interval is the horizontal distance on the ground
between receiver stations
Source Interval is the horizontal distance between source
positions
CDP Interval is the horizontal distance between CDPs
Near Receiver Offset is the distance between source and
nearest receiver
Maximum Receiver Offset is the distance between source and
farthest receiver
Fold Coverage is the multiplicity of common-midpoint data
Sampling Rate is the time between successive samples of a
digital seismic trace
Record Length is a time to record seismic data
Geometry Template is the configuration of shot and receiver
positions
Source Type is a device that releases energy to make vibration
Charge Size is an amount of the energy to be released
Charge Depth is the depth of charge (explosive)
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Va
2 Fmax Sin
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FOLD COVERAGE
(2D) Fold =
NC Gint
2
Sint
NC = Number of channels
(3D) Fold =
1
2
2
3
of (2D) Fold
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STRUCTURAL MAP
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3D DESIGN PREPARATION
Objectives of the survey
- Map of the top and bottom of target
- Basement information
- Fault or fracture map
- General structure and dip information
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3D DESIGN PREPARATION
Seismic data input
- Previous survey (nearby) parameter
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3D DESIGN PREPARATION
Scouting / Field Orientation
- Traveling over the purposed survey by
vehicle and by foot
- Find accessibility and obstacles surface and
subsurface
- Surface condition to choose proper equipment
- Weather condition
- Environmental, permits, social, governmental
consideration
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3D DESIGN PREPARATION
Modeling
- Forward model takes the known parameters of
the earth and computes the effects of the model
for comparison to the observed data
Edwards (1989)
SUBSURFACE MODEL
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RAY TRACING
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3D SEISMIC PARAMETER
Bin is one of a set of discrete areas into which a survey
area is divided
Receiver Line (RL) Interval is the horizontal distance on
the ground between receiver lines
Source line (SL) Interval is the horizontal distance
between source lines
Maximum Near Offset is the distance between source and
farthest receiver in the diagonal direction between two RLs
and two SLs
Azimuth Distribution is the horizontal angle distributions
specified clockwise from true north of source-receiver pairs
Offset Distribution is the distance distributions between
source to receiver
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3D SEISMIC TEMPLATE
Definition
Configuration of source(s) and receiver(s) position to cover
survey area in proper design parameters. The template
(pattern) of the survey depends on the objectives, economical
and operational reasons
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SWATH PATTERN
ORTOGONAL
BRICKS
SLANTED
ZIG-ZAG
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3D SEISMIC TEMPLATE
Orthogonal
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3D SEISMIC TEMPLATE
Orthogonal
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3D SEISMIC TEMPLATE
Patch
SP
Receiver
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3D SEISMIC TEMPLATE
Patch
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3D SEISMIC TEMPLATE
Patch
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3D SEISMIC TEMPLATE
Brick
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3D SEISMIC TEMPLATE
Brick
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3D SEISMIC TEMPLATE
Orthogonal for TZ
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3D SEISMIC TEMPLATE
Orthogonal for TZ
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3D SEISMIC TEMPLATE
Orthogonal for TZ
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3D SEISMIC TEMPLATE
Slanted
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3D SEISMIC TEMPLATE
Slanted
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3D SEISMIC TEMPLATE
Marine
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3D SEISMIC TEMPLATE
Marine
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MARINE PATTERN
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Vmin
4 Fmax Sin
= minimum velocity
= maximum dip of the horizon in degrees
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Hmm =
Sx + Ry
Sx
Ry
Ry
Hmm
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RL =
2
Mmin
- SL2
SL
RL
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x2 + y2
y
Hmax
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ANALYSIS OF ATTRIBUTES
FOLD DISTRIBUTION
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ANALYSIS OF ATTRIBUTES
FOLD COVERAGE
SURFACE AREA
MIGRATION APERTURE
= D Tan()
ANALYSIS OF ATTRIBUTES
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ANALYSIS OF ATTRIBUTES
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ANALYSIS OF ATTRIBUTES
AZIMUTH AND OFFSET DISTRIBUTION
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ANALYSIS OF ATTRIBUTES
OFFSET DISTRIBUTION
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ANALYSIS OF ATTRIBUTES
AZIMUTH AND OFFSET DISTRIBUTION
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ANALYSIS OF ATTRIBUTES
OFFSET DISTRIBUTION SPIDER DIAGRAM
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ANALYSIS OF ATTRIBUTES
BIN FRACTINATION
BIN SIZE : 20 m x 20 m
FOLD
: 36
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ANALYSIS OF ATTRIBUTES
BIN FRACTINATION
BIN SIZE : 20 m x 10 m
FOLD
: 18
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ANALYSIS OF ATTRIBUTES
OFFSET DISTRIBUTION
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Shot Line
Receiver Line
Active Template
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Definition
SPS format is a set of three files called Receiver file, Source file, Cross reference file and an
optional fourth file for comments. In addition to the comment file comments can be entered
in each of the three files as part of the header and is indicated by starting with the letter H
Receiver file
Receiver file contains the information about the geophones their type, position (Easting,
Northing, Elevation) and their ID.
Source file
Source file contains the information about the Seismic source, its position and their ID.
Cross reference file
Cross reference file (also known as relational file) or in short, X file, is basically a relational
file relating the source and the receiver when the shot occurred. It contains the details about
the Shot ID, Source and receivers associated with that particular shot ID.
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