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Test DAP (Draw A Person) or also commonly called DAM (Draw A Man) is one form
of assay Psychology frequently encountered in the process of psychological
assessment.DAP
or
DAM
tests
including
a
test
individual. In
1926,
developing Goodenough Draw-A-Man (DAM) Test to predict a child's cognitive ability is
reflected on the quality of the picture.The assumption: the accuracy and detail of the image
produced shows the level of intellectual maturity of the child. DAM This test is used for
children aged 3-10 years.
In 1948, Buck developed the House-Tree-Person (HTP) Test picture house and a
tree that has a closeness with one's life that also included projection test.
In 1949, Machover developed the Draw-A-Person (DAP) Test as a technique to
measure personality. Machover developed a number of hypotheses based on clinical
observation and intuitive judgments. For example, the size of the image related to the level
of self -esteem, placement of images in the paper reflect the mood and social orientation of
a person.
Subsequently in 1951, Hulse developed the Draw-A-Family (DAF) Test, DAP widely
later developed by Hammer (1958), Headler (1985), Urban (1963), Koppitz (1968, 1984).
In 1963, Harris made a revision DAM Test by adding two new forms (children not
only asked to draw a man, but also a woman, and a picture of himself, more detailed scoring
system, and broader standardization.
A figure of psychological tests, Levy suggests several possibilities in the use of tests
DAM (Draw A Man) or test DAP (Draw A Person), including the following:
1. Images of the individual is a projection of the self concept
2. Projection of individual attitudes toward the environment
3. Proyeks of his ideal self Image4. DAM as a result of individual observations on the environment
5. As an expression of habitual patterns (habit pattern)
6. The expression of his emotional state (emotional tone)
7. As the attitude of the subject of the tester and the test situation
8. As an expression of individual attitude towards life / society in general
9. Expression of conscious and unconscious.
Clinical Basics
The body as a means of self-expression
The drawing process by the individual involves the identification through projection and
introproyeksi which entered into. Body (self) is a reference point that is most intimate in
any activity that involves the projection of images of the shadow of the body is a natural
tool to express the needs of the body and conflicts someone
Mood figure
Based on the experience Machover, "expression" drawn figures reflect "feeling tones"
If the picture in the form of sketches indication of anxiety, fear, feeling uncomfortable.
c.
Basic sketch lines and broken lines indicative of feelings of isolation from the
environment.
Principle Shading:
3 Dimensions: Creative
2 Dimensions: Overcome by feelings and emotions and fantasies that are emotional /
fantasy
Another thing that needs to be considered in the interpretation of test DAP:
Initial impression
o Do drawn old or young
o Sad or happy
o Strong or Weak
o Aggressive or passive
c. The parts of the head (eyes, ears, mouth, nose, chin and hair)
2. Arm, arm, shoulder and chest
a. The size, shape, strength, ability to achieve, the degree of aggression and signs of
other conflicts.
b. Impressions that occur when the subject observes this area:
o What is the subject withdrew from the environment
o Trying to achieve environmental
o Feeling unsafe or threatened or weak
3. Torso (body) / trunk of the body
a. This area represents exactly how one wants to look and what things he emphasized in
its efforts to show themselves in the neighborhood.
b. If the nude figure drawing and the sexual parts highlighted: the subject states of
rebellion against society (figure parent) or consciously aware of sexual conflict.
c. Other things of clothing:
o Ties often associated with attachment / barriers
o Snap need for attention / security
o Watch less confident. If the earrings are great indications: attract attention.
o Saku placed on the chest indication of infantile / dependent.
o Belts often associated with discipline or stiffness / pressure
4. The legs / thighs and legs
a. An area that is heavily linked with independence, direction, movement and balance.
b. In the men's legs describe masculinity.
c. Ex: Figure legs are too long demonstrated a strong desire to be independent.
d. If the drawn first (to get more attention) an indication of people who do not dare to
express themselves.
5. Activity / passivity
Image Passive:
Each of missing / corrupted it can mean "the subject has a problem related to a part
that is damaged / missing.