----

MAYYADA ABBAS Unit

two Name --------

Mar k

2016 /2017
I-Read the following text then do the tasks below

People need to keep clean in space to stay

healthy and avoid spreading germs. They do
this by washing themselves with ethanol cloths
or wet towels, and they use special shampoo
that does not need water or produce foam.
Each astronaut in the crew has a specific
assigned role and receives intensive training for
it. The crew medical officer is in charge of the
sick and is trained in first aid and in stitching up
wounds and giving injections. The medical kit on
board will treat minor injuries and illnesses in
space and can be used to stabilise the patient's
condition during the flight back to Earth. All the
crew are trained in emergency resuscitation
after a heart attack.
Choose the correct answer with a, b, or c:
(12marks)
1. Astronauts should keep clean to -------a. be more efficient
b. be stronger
c. Neither " a " nor " b"
2. The medical kit on board can be used to--------a. do surgery
b. make the patient's condition stable
c. do operations
Match three underlined words from the text to
the definitions below:
3. keep away from
4. all the people on board
Complete the following sentences with
information from the text :
5. The crew medical officer is trained in --------------------------------------------------------6. Each astronaut receives intensive training for
-----------------------------------------------------------

I-Read the following text then do the tasks below:

When we talk about animal migration we mean the
movement of an animal from the place where it has
been living to a different place and the return
journey to that animals original home. Most animal
migrations are recurrent events which happen at
certain times of the year. Animals usually migrate
to find food or to raise their young. Incredibly, most
migrating animals follow the same route every year
and from generation to generation. Land animals
may cross mountains or forge through rivers, while
birds and insects travel extensive distances,
sometimes across continents and oceans. Fish
and other sea creatures may migrate halfway
round the world. For example, the grey whale can
travel as much as 20,000 kilometres. Many
animals migrate to northern regions during the
northern summer because the long summer days
mean that there is always plenty of food. In the
autumn, when the weather gets colder, many
animals migrate south to find food and warmer
weather (the southern summer). Some animals
migrate every year, doing the two journeys in one
year but others migrate only if they need to find
food or for more temperate weather.
Answer the following questions :
1. Why do animals migrate north?
2. How are land animals different from birds or
insects?
3. What is incredible about animal migration?

Find words in the passage that mean:

4. bring up children
5. advance steadily
Rewrite with correct information:
6. Most animals migrate to escape from their
enemies.
7.Sea creatures migrate only short distances.

For a human being to go into space, survive and

conduct important research, there needs to be careful
organisation and planning. Daily life inside an airtight
space shuttle or space station requires much more
than just oxygen and heat. People require the correct
atmosphere, a mechanism for removing the carbon
dioxide that living things produce, and a reliable
means of day-to-day living in microgravity. For
humans to survive in space for months at a time, all
these things need to be very carefully planned. If, for
example, the carbon dioxide extractor doesn't work, or
the system for maintaining the correct atmosphere
breaks down, then they will die. All the correct
materials, food, oxygen cylinders and fuels have to be
prepared and supplied correctly. All the machinery and
seals that keep the air in, the cabin pressure correct
and that protect the astronauts from the freezing cold
vacuum of space have to work perfectly every second
of every minute. The machinery is complex, yet it must
not break down once; all the supplies are important,
yet spares cannot be carried because of limited
space.
Choose the correct answer with a, b, or c:
(12marks)
1. If the carbon dioxide extractor--------, everyone will
die.
a. works efficiently
b. stop working
c. works well
2. Daily life in space require----------a. Only oxygen
b. Oxygen and heat
c. Oxygen, heat and other features
Match three underlined words from the text to the
definitions below:
3. Not allowing air to escape or pass through
4. an extra item
Complete the following sentences with
information from the text :
5. The machinery is complex, yet ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
6. All the correct materials, food, oxygen cylinders
and fuels have to---------------------------------------------

One of the main goals of the ISS is to provide a

place to conduct experiments that require one or
more of the conditions found in space (such as
microgravity). So far, most research has only
been on the effects of microgravity on humans.
Astronauts study how long periods in space
affect the body by working on subjects like bone
loss and fluid shifts. The effect of near
weightlessness on evolution, development and
growth, and the internal processes of plants and
animals, are now also the subject of research.
The physics of fluids in microgravity is not
completely understood. In space, unlike on Earth,
fluids can be mixed or combined almost
regardless of their relative weights. Researchers
also want to study the combination of fluids that
would not mix well on Earth. By examining
reactions that are slowed down by low gravity
and low temperatures, scientists also hope to
gain new insights into the way matter is made up.
Researchers also hope to examine combustion in
an environment with less gravity than on Earth.
Any information they can find involving the
efficiency of the actual burning, or the creation of
by-products, could improve the process of energy
production, which would be of economic and
environmental interest.
Choose the correct answer with a, b, or c:
(12marks)
1. One of the main goals of the ISS is ----------.
a. to provide a place for tourists
b. to teach people how to live in space
c. to provide a place for experiments
2. Reactions ------------- by low gravity.
a. get slower
b. aren't affected
c. get faster
Match three underlined words from the text to
the definitions below:
3. not considering
4. the force that pulls a body towards the
ground
Complete the following sentences with
information from the text :
5. By working on subjects like bone loss and fluid
shifts, astronauts can----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. Regardless of their relative weights,
liquids-------------------------------------

I-Read the following text then do the tasks below:

Until recently, people often disposed of waste in
When oil is refined to make petrol and other
open holes in the ground, called open landfills.
products, solid materials called resins are left
But these open dumps were dangerous. Rainfall
over; resins can be heated, stretched and
dissolved some of the chemicals from the waste,
molded into plastic products. Common products
forming a liquid called leachate. Leachate could
made from plastic include milk jugs, detergent
pollute the soil, run off into streams and lakes, or
containers and soft drink bottles. When they are
trickle down into the groundwater. Some
recycled, the new plastic can take on very
countries have banned the use of open dumps.
different forms, such as carpeting, park benches
Another type of landfill is called a sanitary landfill,
or fiber filling for jackets and many other things.
which is specially constructed to hold the waste
Recycling is not a complete answer to the solid
material more safely. A sanitary landfill holds
municipal solid waste, construction debris and
waste problem. Some materials cannot be
some types of agricultural and industrial waste.
recycled. There are not enough uses for some
Once a sanitary landfill is full, it is covered with a
recycled products, such as low-quality
clay cap to keep rainwater out. Even wellnewspaper. Finally, all recycling processes
designed landfills can pollute the soil and
require energy and create some pollution. Not all
groundwater. And while capped landfills can be
the materials we use have to be recycled. By
reused for some purposes, such as parks, they
reusing objects, we can reduce the need for
cannot be used for housing or agriculture.
disposal sites and the polluting machinery used
Another solution is municipal solid waste
for some recycling processes. Empty glass
composting. With this technique, all the solid
bottles and jars can become flower vases, candle waste that a community produces can be
composted. This would dramatically reduce the
holders or storage vessels for rice, pulses and
volume of waste disposed of in sanitary landfills.
sugar. Plastic bags can be used as floor
One disadvantage of this type of composting is
coverings or for insulating your home.
that heavy metals and toxic pesticide residues
may be left in the compost
Choose the correct answer with a, b, or c:
1. Recycling isn't a complete answer to the solid waste Choose the correct answer with a, b, or c:
1. Sanitary landfills are ------- for the environment.
problem because ------a. bad
a. it requires energy
b. worse
b. it creates pollution
c. better
c. Both " a " and " b "
2. Most countries have -------- open dumps.
2. We can reduce the need for disposal sites by------a. constructed
objects.
b. stopped using
a. burying
c. encouraged using
b. reusing
Match three underlined words from the text to
c. refining
the definitions below:
Match three underlined words from the text to the
3. healthy or hygienic
definitions below:
4. scattered rubbish or remains
3. a series of actions
Complete the following sentences with
4. get rid of something
information from the text :
Complete the following sentences with
5. A sanitary landfill is covered with a clay cap
information from the text :
I-Read the following text then do the tasks below:

5. Solid materials called resins are left over after

--------------------------------------------6. Machinery used for some recycling processes

after --------------------------------------------6. Composting is a good solution but

--------------------------------------------------------------------------.

are ---------------------------------------------------------

There is no day and night in space, so sleep is simply

planned for when it is most convenient. Astronauts
sleep in small compartments using sleeping bags.
They are loosely strapped into these so that they will
not float out of them in their sleep. Blindfolds and
earplugs are also available for the astronauts, who
might find it difficult to sleep with the noise from the
machines. Daily routines should allocate eight hours
for sleeping. Most of the time, however, astronauts will
normally sleep for around six, as they often have so
much work to do. Another important part of spending
any long period in space is getting the right amount of
exercise so that the bones and muscles can stay
strong. On Earth human beings are always moving
against the force of gravity, with the bones and
muscles supporting the body. In space there is no
gravity so the bones and muscles weaken very
quickly. In space, astronauts need to do about two
hours of exercise a day, using exercise machines
such as treadmills and exercise bikes.
Choose the correct answer with a, b, or c:
(12marks)
1. Astronauts can use earplugs -----------.
a. to keep listening to each other
b. to increase the noise of the machines
c. to avoid the noise of the machines
2. Astronauts will normally sleep less than eight hours
because they have ---------------.
a. a lot of free time
b. a lot of work
c. nothing to do
Match three underlined words from the text to the
definitions below:
3. a separate part or section
4. allot \ to give as shares
Complete the following sentences with
information from the text :
5. In order not to float out of their sleeping bags during
their sleep, astronauts ------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

I-Read the following text then do the tasks below:

At the start of the 1960s, when Yuri Gagarin

first went into space, the food was bite-sized
and kept in small aluminum tubes. Food was
designed this way so that it wouldn't take up
too much room and could be eaten in a
single mouthful before it floated away. Now,
however, astronauts enjoy food from plastic
containers that just need to have hot or cold
water added. Fruit and nuts can also be
eaten in space. When drinking liquids, a
straw is used to suck the liquid out of a
sealed package. It mustn't spill or float out of
the cup, or it could damage some of the
computers. Another, equally important, issue
to address is the toilet. In space this is largely
similar to one on Earth, with the difference
being that astronauts have to strap
themselves onto it. In place of running water
to flush it, there is a vacuum-cleaner- like
system to suck up the waste, which is then
dried and disposed of on Earth.
Choose the correct answer with a, b, or c:
(12marks)
1. Now astronauts eat from -----------.
a. plastic containers
b. aluminum tubes
c. big bowls
2. Liquids should be drunk by using------a. a straw
b. spoons
c. glasses
Match three underlined words from the text to
the definitions below:
3. to draw a liquid into the mouth
4. get rid of
Complete the following sentences with
information from the text :
5. There is a vacuum-cleaner- like system to

6. The bones and muscles of the astronauts would

become weak very quickly if they ---------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------6. Food was designed in such a way that ----------

----------------------------------------------------------.
----------------------------------------------------------.

Complete the following sentences by filling the gaps:

1. In ------ early 19th century, the most important

2. economic activity -------- Ireland was agriculture.
3. But the farmers ------- poor and they used oldfashioned methods.

-------------------------------------------------------------1. I had gone to bed just before midnight --------- I

2. was only half-sleep ---------- the wind started
blowing. Ten minutes later, my bedroom window
3. shattered with a loud crash. Immediately, I leapt
out ------- bed and rushed to my brothers' bedroom.
----------------------------------------------1.In Syria, my family lived in a lovely apartment,----2. was provided ------ my father's new job. My father
3. helped to run -------- engineering firm that built
bridges.
----------------------------------------------------------1. In 1975, my family left England ----------- an
aeroplane. Five hours later, we arrived in
2. Damascus, Syria. -------- mother was worried
3. about the plane journey because she ------ afraid
of flying.
------------------------------------------------------------1. The economic success ---------- the 1960s and
2.1970s saw ------------ Arabian Gulf countries
3. transformed into modern -------- wealthy states,
funded by oil .
-------------------------------------------------------------1. ------- February 29th 1960, an earthquake hit the
Moroccan city of Agadir. Although --------lasted
2. only fifteen seconds, it was one of -------- most

I-Read the following text then do the tasks below:

Not many people work in space at any one time,
as crews on a space station are always as small
as possible. It means that there are very few
people to do all the technical, scientific and
domestic jobs. Everyone shares the huge
workload and the tiny living area. The crew are all
highly qualified scientists who have important
work to do. But they also live in a small area that
must be kept clean and they need to prepare
food, maintain the systems on board and still fit
in enough time between their main jobs to get
enough sleep and exercise. The astronauts carry
out the cleaning in between their main duties;
they clean the meal area, change the air
purification system's filters, collect the rubbish
and wipe down the walls and floors. Each
astronaut also has maintenance roles, looking
after important systems. On board the ISS, the
environmental control and life support systems
control elements such as atmospheric pressure,
oxygen levels and water recycling. Often,
maintaining these important controls involves
working on the outside of the space station in a
space suit which itself has to protect the
astronaut from space and provide the means for
a human to live for a few hours.
Choose the correct answer with a, b, or c:
(12marks)
1. A spacesuit must protect the astronaut and
provide him with --------a. oxygen
b. hydrogen
c. nitrogen
2. Astronauts do the cleaning --------- their main

3. destructive earthquakes in the 20th century.

--------------------------------------------------------1.Tristan da Cunha ------- a small island in the 2.South
Atlantic Ocean. ---------- August 1961, earth tremors
3. started ------- gradually became more frequent.
-------------------------------------------------------1.Today, more and more people in Syria ------- using
2.computers for activities at home, at school ------- at
3.work. Such is the demand that------- government
launched a scheme to allow Syrians to purchase them
more easily.
1.There is no doubt -------- computers are here to stay.
2.Some jobs and many leisure activities would --------impossible without them, but we should be aware
3.---------- the possible dangers of spending too much
time at our computers.
1.In recent years computer crime has increased----2. as the number of people using --------- Internet
3.to buy things or to access their bank accounts----grown.

Correct the verb in brackets

1. My father ---------------- ( retire) last year.
2. I wasn't surprised he fell asleep at the wheel of the
car. He---------- ( drive)
nearly 1,000 km without a break.
3. Ruba didn't feel very confident about taking her
driving test. She----------- ( fail) twice.
4. After the earthquake, the city was --------------( rebuild) .
5. In 1854 a quarter of the population, ---------------( emigrate) abroad.
6. Yesterday he was ---------- ( offer) two jobs.
7. Salah didnt recognise his friend, Hani.
He -------------- ( not / see ) him for ten years.
8. Last year I --------------- ( spend ) two months there.
9. In 1986, my family and I --------------- ( return ) to
England.
10. There ---------------- ( be ) two world wars in the
twentieth century.
11. By the end of 1985, a quarter of the population
---------------- ( leave).
12. I went to the doctor's this morning. I --------------( feel ) ill during the night.
13. He was nervous because he ----------------

duties.
a. before they finish
b. before they start
c. during the performance of
Match three underlined words from the text to
the definitions below:
3. includes / contains
4. The removal of dirty:
Complete the following sentences with
information from the text :
5. On a space station, the crew number --------------------------------------------------------------------------6. One of the maintenance roles of an astronauts
is -----------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------

1The law related -------- computer crime is

2.changing very quickly. Modern criminals -----3. using computers to help them commit crimes
like identity theft -------- to make it easier to
commit old crimes like theft or fraud.
1. Criminals can use the Internet --------- plan
2. crimes and pass ----- confidential information
3. more easily ---------- meetings or telephone
conversations.
. Complete the following using clauses:
1. Ahmad was nervous when ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Ali found difficult to get up this morning
because
----------------------------------------------------------------.
3. When my sister read the letter, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
4. When the rescue team arrived,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

( never /fly ) before.

Translate :

1.
.
2.
.
3. ,

4.
.
5.
.

1. ------------------------------------------------------------------------?

My fvourite subject is English.

2.------------------------------------------------------------------?
Mrs. Mayyada teaches us.
3. ------------------------------------------------------------------?
She has been teaching us for three years.

5. Irish people emigrated because------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. When they passed the island,---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Choose the correct word in the brackets:

1. Two ( disaster / disastrous ) crops led to a

mass starvation.
2.The people of the island left because of
volcanic ( activity / act ).
3. Average (earn / earnings) are expected to
double in the next ten years.
4. Some human activities are (destroying /
destruction) the natural world.
5. the law is the code or set of rules (which /
who) governs all individuals.
6. The law affects every area of peoples
( day / daily ) lives.
7. Many people believe that the worst crimes are
murder and other ( violent / violence ) acts.
8. The jury said that he wasn't ( guilt / guilty ).
9. He left court a free man because he had
proved that he was ( innocence / innocent ).
10. There would be a ( chaos / chaotic )
situation in society if there were no legal systems.
11. The ( economic/ economy )of the 1970s was
funded by oil.

4. Why do you like English?

---------------------------------------------------------------.
1.-------------------------------------------------------------?
My sister emigrated to Germany.
2. -------------------------------------------------------------?
She went with her husband.
3. -------------------------------------------------------------?
She has been there since 2012.
4. Why did she people migrate?

1. -----------------------------------------------------?
My school is in the city centre.
2. -----------------------------------------------------?
I go there by bus.

Translate into Arabic :

1.One of the main goals of the ISS
is to provide a place to conduct
experiments.
2. By examining reactions that are
slowed
down by low gravity and low
temperatures, scientists also hope
to gain new insights into the way
matter is made up.
3. A small miscalculation in the
planning and preparation of the
space mission will probably mean
the death of everyone on board.
4. There is no day and night in

3. ------------------------------------------------------?
About 1,000 students go to it.
4. How ling does it take you to get there?
----------------------------------------------------------1.----------------------------------------------------------?
The first code of laws was made 4,000 years ago.
2. ----------------------------------------------------------?
Governments make laws.
3. -----------------------------------------------------------?
There are three types of laws.
4.What should be done to criminals?
---------------------------------------------------------------

space, so sleep is simply planned

for when it is most convenient.
5. In space there is no gravity so
the bones and muscles weaken
very quickly.
6. People need to keep clean in
space to stay healthy and avoid
spreading germs.
---------------------------------------------------------