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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

International General Certificate of Secondary Education
0610/01
BIOLOGY
Paper 1 Multiple Choice
May/June 2007
45 minutes
Additional Materials:
*3725898241*
Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB recommended)
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided
unless this has been done for you.
There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible
answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet.
Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.
Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
This document consists of 16 printed pages.

IB07 06_0610_01/3RP
UCLES 2007
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1
Which process involves the release of energy from food substances in all living cells?
A
breathing
nutrition
respiration
transpiration
Which of the four vertebrates in the table is a mammal?

scaly skin
hair
four limbs
tail
key
= present
= not present
The picture shows an animal.
What is the name of this animal according to the binomial system?

A
Catus
Felis leo
Male African lion
Top African jungle carnivore
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4
The diagram shows a fish.
dorsal fin
caudal fin
pectoral fin
anal fin
pelvic fin
Use the key to identify the fish.
1
black stripe across the eye ..
go to 2
no black stripe across the eye
.....
black stripe on caudal fin .
go to 3
no black stripe on caudal fin
black spot below dorsal fin ...
no black spot below dorsal fin
Which structures are found in a human sperm cell?

cell membrane
cell wall
haploid nucleus
key
= present
= not present
What is cytoplasm?
A
a fluid-filled space
a jelly-like substance
a surrounding wall
a tiny green disc
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7
The diagram shows some of the structures found in the human abdomen.
What type of structures are X and Y?
organ
organ
organ
organ system
organ system
tissue
tissue
organ system
Cilia are present on the surface of the cells of the trachea. The cilia of a smoker work less
effectively than those of a non-smoker.
How does this affect the smoker?
Less carbon dioxide is released.
Less oxygen is released.
More bacteria enter the lungs.
More mucus is removed from the lungs.
What is an example of osmosis?

A
Carbon dioxide goes out through the stomata of a leaf.
Digested food is absorbed from the small intestine.
Oxygen goes into the blood from an alveolus.
Water enters a plant root from the soil.
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5
10 The diagram shows an experiment on diffusion.
sugar solution X
20 % sugar solution
permeable bag
More sugar diffuses out of the bag than diffuses in.

What is the concentration of sugar in solution X?
A
10 %
20 %
30 %
40 %
11 The temperature of an enzyme-controlled reaction is increased by 10 C.

How does this affect the rate of reaction?
A
It always increases the rate.
It always decreases the rate.
It may increase or decrease the rate.
It has no effect on the rate.
12 An enzyme from the stomach that digests protein, and cooked egg white that contains protein,
are placed in four test-tubes.
When the egg white is digested the mixture becomes clear.
Which tube becomes clear first?
A
egg white
and enzyme
acid
temperature 20 C
egg white
and enzyme
acid
temperature 37 C
egg white
and enzyme
alkali
temperature 20 C
egg white
and enzyme
alkali
temperature 37 C
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13 The diagrams show the arrangement of cells in a section of a green leaf.
Which arrow represents the diffusion of the most oxygen during bright sunlight?
14 Which elements do carbohydrates contain?

A
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
carbon, hydrogen and sulphur
carbon, nitrogen and oxygen
carbon, nitrogen and sulphur
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7
15 The diagram shows the human alimentary canal, with a string marked in metres beside it.
oesophagus
1
2
3
string marked
in metres
anus
How long is the small intestine?

A
2m
6m
8m
9m
16 What is a function of the human blood system?

A
carrying eggs from the ovary to the uterus
carrying glucose from the gut to the liver
carrying partly digested food from the mouth to the stomach
carrying urine from the kidney to the bladder
UCLES 2007
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17 The diagram shows the stem of a plant. A strip of the outer tissue including the phloem has been
removed.
xylem
phloem
How is transport in the plant affected?

A
Amino acids and sucrose cannot pass to the roots.
Dissolved salts cannot pass to the leaves.
Water cannot pass to the leaves.
Water cannot pass to the roots.
18 The diagram shows how the appearance of a potted plant changes over a period of four days.
Which environmental conditions are most likely to cause this change?

humidity
light intensity
high
high
high
low
low
high
low
low
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9
19 Why is yeast used in breadmaking?
A
to provide alcohol
to provide carbon dioxide
to provide oxygen
to provide lactic acid
20 Which features are present in gaseous exchange surfaces?

large surface area
moist
thick walls
key
= present
= not present
21 Which component of cigarette smoke is most likely to cause lung cancer?

A
carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
nicotine
tar
22 What is an example of homeostasis?

A
breathing in oxygen
regulating blood glucose
removing undigested food through the anus
urinating to empty the bladder
UCLES 2007
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23 The table shows an analysis of urine and of blood after filtration in the kidney.
percentage of substance in
substance
blood
urine
glucose
0.10
0.00
salts
0.30
0.60
urea
0.03
2.00
water
90.00
97.00
Which substance is completely reabsorbed by the kidney?

A
glucose
salts
urea
water
24 The diagram shows a neurone.
Which structures could be found at X and Y?

X
brain
intestine
brain
leg
eye
hand
skin
spinal cord
25 The diagram shows shoots of maize seedlings.

Which shoot shows negative geotropism?
A
B
light
light
gravity
UCLES 2007
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gravity
11
26 Where are the male gametes produced in a flowering plant?
A
petal
sepal
stamen
stigma
27 The diagram shows the changes that occur to the uterus lining during the menstrual cycle.
21 22 23 2
4
25
26
27
day
28 1 2
7
8
20
19
11
12
13
14 15 16
17
18
lining of
uterus
10
lining of uterus
gets thicker
When do the following stages occur in this cycle?

bleeding
lining starts to
break down
uterus lining
thickens
days 13 14
days 6 25
days 1 4
days 1 4
days 26 27
days 6 25
days 6 25
days 1 4
days 26 27
days 1 4
days 13 14
days 6 25
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28 The diagrams show a plant cell P changing to become cell Q.
P
What do the changes between P and Q show?

A
development and germination
germination and mitosis
growth and development
mitosis and growth
29 Which graph shows the change in dry mass from the time a seed starts to germinate (X) until
green leaves have appeared above the soil (Y)?
A
dry
mass
dry
mass
X
time
dry
mass
X
time
dry
mass
X
time
30 Which feature of a human is controlled by genes only?

A
age at death
blood group
dietary deficiency disease
lung cancer
31 A dominant allele
A
causes only harmful characteristics.
is responsible for male characteristics.
never undergoes mutation.
produces the same phenotype in heterozygotes and homozygotes.
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time
13
32 In one type of plant, the allele for red flowers (R) is dominant to the allele for white flowers (r).
A plant with red flowers is crossed with a plant with white flowers. Half of the offspring have red
flowers and half have white flowers.
What are the genotypes of the parent plants?
A
R and r
RR and rr
Rr and Rr
Rr and rr
33 In an ecosystem, plants absorb sunlight.

Which other organisms in the ecosystem depend on this process for their energy?
animals
decomposers
key
= depend
= do not depend
34 The diagram shows a pyramid of biomass for all organisms in an ecosystem.

Which organisms are herbivores?
A
B
C
D
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35 A single tree is food for a large population of caterpillars. Several small birds eat the caterpillars.
The small birds are eaten by a bird of prey.
Which is the pyramid of numbers for this food chain?
36 The diagram shows part of the water cycle.

water vapour in the air
compounds in living plants
compounds in living animals
Which process in living plants is responsible for returning water vapour to the air at P?
A
combustion
condensation
photosynthesis
respiration
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15
37 How will soil erosion and rainfall be affected by deforestation?
soil erosion
rainfall
decrease
decrease
decrease
increase
increase
increase
increase
decrease
38 Which graph shows the growth of a population where there are no limiting factors?
population
size
population
size
0
time
population
size
time
population
size
0
time
time
39 Which human activity helps to prevent the extinction of animal species?

A
creating more farmland
creating nature reserves
destroying natural habitats
extracting natural resources
UCLES 2007
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40 The diagram shows an area being developed for industry and agriculture.
smoke containing
sulphur dioxide
fertilisers, herbicides and

pesticides applied to the land
factory
trees being cut down to

provide agricultural land
lake
Which would be the most likely to cause an initial increase in plant life in the lake?
A
fertilisers
herbicides
pesticides
smoke
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
UCLES 2007
0610/01/M/J/07
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*7021514936*
0610/02
BIOLOGY
May/June 2007
Paper 2 Core
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
For Examiner's Use
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
1
Answer all questions.
2
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
This document consists of 19 printed pages and 5 blank pages.

IB07 06_0610_02/5RP
UCLES 2007
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1
(a) Figs. 1.1 1.4 show organisms or parts of organisms (not drawn to scale).
For
Examiner's
Use
B
Fig. 1.1
(i) State which of the drawings shows a monocotyledon leaf. State one reason for
your choice.
[1]
50 mm
C
D
Fig. 1.2
(ii) State which of the drawings shows an annelid. State one reason for your choice.
[1]
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3
For
Examiner's
Use
F
Fig. 1.3
(iii) State which of the drawings shows an arachnid. State one reason for your choice.
[1]
H
Fig. 1.4
(iv) State which of the drawings shows a crustacean. State one reason for your
choice.
[1]
UCLES 2007
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(b) The length of the drawing of worm C, in Fig. 1.2, is shown. The actual length of the
worm is 5 mm. Calculate the magnification of this drawing. Show your working.
magnification
[2]
[Total: 6]
UCLES 2007
0610/02/M/J/07
For
Examiner's
Use
5
BLANK PAGE
0610/02/M/J/07
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2
Fig. 2.1 shows a flower of a dicotyledon.
For
Examiner's
Use
B
C
A
nectary
Fig. 2.1
(a) Name parts A and B, shown on Fig. 2.1.

A
B
[2]
(b) State the function of part C.
[1]
(c) The flower shown in Fig. 2.1 is insect pollinated. Describe how two features, visible in
Fig. 2.1, would be different in a wind pollinated flower.
1
2
[2]
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7
(d) Complete Table 2.1 by placing a tick () in the boxes to show which processes happen
during the reproduction of flowering plants and which happen during the reproduction
of humans.
For
Examiner's
Use
Table 2.1
process
flowering plants
humans
fertilisation
germination
implantation
pollination
sexual intercourse
[2]
(e) (i) While visiting a new region of forest a student found an unknown plant.
Hanging from it were some structures with bright red outer coverings.
These contained some soft fleshy tissue. In this tissue were many seeds with hard
outer coats.
Suggest, with reasons, how these seeds might be dispersed.
method of dispersal
reasons
[3]
(ii) Suggest which conditions in the forest would allow these seeds to germinate and
grow into young plants.
[3]
[Total: 13]
UCLES 2007
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3
(a) Fig. 3.1 shows the variation in the height of human adults in an African population.
For
Examiner's
Use
percentage
of
population
height / cm
Fig. 3.1
State the type of variation shown by this data.

[1]
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9
(b) In Britain 42% of the population have blood group A. The frequency of the other blood
groups is: B (9%), AB (3%) and O (46%).
(i) Plot the data, as a bar chart, on Fig. 3.2.
For
Examiner's
Use
[2]
50
40
30
frequency
%
20
10
blood group
Fig. 3.2
(ii) Complete the following sentence.
Height is controlled by environment and by genes but human blood groups
are controlled only by
[1]
(c) Sometimes human characteristics are altered by mutations.

(i) Define the term mutation.
[1]
(ii) Suggest two factors that could increase the rate at which mutations occur.
1
2
[2]
[Total: 7]
UCLES 2007
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4
The table shows the area of tropical forests in some parts of the world and the rate of their
destruction during the period 1990 2000.
region of the world
area of forest
in 2000 / km2
area destroyed each

year 1990 2000 / km2
annual percentage
rate of destruction
697 000
13 000
1.8
1 389 000
18 000
1.3
2 154 000
15 000
0.7
117 000
2 000
1.7
434 000
12 000
2.8
8 399 000
84 000
1.0
(a) (i) State which region had the greatest area of forest destroyed each year.
[1]
(ii) State which region had the highest annual percentage rate of destruction.
[1]
(iii) Use the data to suggest what the area of tropical forest in Region F will be in 2100.
[1]
(iv) Predict which region will have the smallest area of forest in the year 2010.
[1]
(b) Tropical forests produce a large mass of dead vegetation each year which is
decomposed.
(i) Name one type of microorganism that decomposes this dead plant matter.
[1]
(ii) Name two substances that are released during decomposition that benefit the
plants in the forest.
1
2
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For
Examiner's
Use
11
(c) Tropical forest is often cleared to provide ground for crop growth. However, after about
three years, this land has to be abandoned and a new area is cleared. Suggest why a
new area is needed after about three years of crop growing.
For
Examiner's
Use
[3]
[Total: 10]
UCLES 2007
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5
Fig. 5.1 shows the carbon cycle. The arrows represent the various processes that happen
in the cycle.
E
carbon dioxide
in air
B
carbon compounds
in fossil fuels
death
+
carbon compounds excretion
in dead animals
and plants
box
X
A
carbon compounds
in plants
Fig. 5.1
(a) (i) Complete the diagram by filling in box X.
[1]
(ii) State the letters of two arrows that represent respiration.

and
[2]
(iii) State the letter of the arrow that can only represent combustion in this cycle.
[1]
(iv) State the letter of the arrow that represents the process in the cycle that takes
millions of years to happen.
[1]
(b) (i) Photosynthesis is not shown on the diagram. Draw an arrow on Fig. 5.1 to
represent photosynthesis and label it P.
[1]
(ii) Write a word equation for photosynthesis.
[2]
[Total: 8]
UCLES 2007
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Examiner's
Use
13
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6
Fig. 6.1 shows a plant cell from a leaf.
For
Examiner's
Use
C
D
Fig. 6.1
(a) State the letters for the three parts of this cell that only occur in plant cells.
letters
and
[3]
(b) State two differences in structure between this leaf cell and a root hair cell.
Explain the reason for each difference.
difference
reason
difference
reason
[4]
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(c) (i) Describe one difference that exists between a red blood cell and a typical animal
cell.
For
Examiner's
Use
[1]
(ii) State an advantage of this feature in a red blood cell.
[1]
[Total: 9]
UCLES 2007
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7
A student investigated the effect of changing pH on the rate of reaction of a digestive

enzyme.
(a) Define the term enzyme.
[2]
Table 7.1 shows the results of this investigation.

Table 7.1
pH
rate of reaction /
arbitrary units
10
15
(b) Plot the results as a line graph on Fig. 7.1.
rate of reaction
/ arbitrary units
pH
Fig. 7.1
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[3]
For
Examiner's
Use
17
(c) Suggest where in the human digestive system this enzyme would have been most
active.
For
Examiner's
Use
[1]
(d) The investigation at pH 3 was repeated but the enzyme was boiled before its use.
Suggest how and why the results would have been different.
[2]
[Total: 8]
UCLES 2007
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8
(a) Describe and explain the importance of iron and vitamin D in the diet.
For
Examiner's
Use
[3]
(b) If you do not have a balanced diet you may suffer from malnutrition.
State two effects of malnutrition, not including minerals and vitamins.
For each effect explain how it is caused.
[4]
[Total: 7]
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19
9
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment, including a constant

body temperature.
For
Examiner's
Use
(a) Suggest why it is important that the body temperature of humans is kept constant.
[2]
(b) Describe and explain the effect of sweating in maintaining human body temperature.
[4]
[Total: 6]
UCLES 2007
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10 (a) Water is lost from leaves by transpiration.
For
Examiner's
Use
(i) Name the structures through which most water vapour is lost from a leaf.
[1]
(ii) Name the tissue that water flows through in the stem to reach a leaf.
[1]
(b) Fig. 10.1 is a graph showing the rate of water loss by a number of similar leafy shoots
under different conditions.
rate of
water loss
C
8 am
time
Fig. 10.1
Graph line X shows the rate of water loss by a shoot in slow moving air as the
temperature increases from 8 am onwards.
(i) Suggest which line would show the rate of water loss of a shoot in fast moving air
as the temperature increases from 8am onwards.
line
Explain your choice.
explanation
[2]
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21
(ii) Suggest which line would show the rate of water loss of a shoot that was placed in
an airtight plastic bag at 8 am.
For
Examiner's
Use
line
Explain your choice.
explanation
[2]
[Total: 6]
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0610/01
BIOLOGY
May/June 2008
45 minutes
*6372357041*

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)


IB08 06_0610_01/3RP
UCLES 2008
[Turn over
2
1
The diagram shows some organisms living in water.
plant
animals
decomposers
Which process is carried out by all the living organisms shown?
photosynthesis
pollination
respiration
transpiration
The table lists some of the features of three groups of invertebrates arthropods, annelids and
molluscs.
Which shows the correct features of each group?
arthropods
annelids
molluscs
segmented body,
exoskeleton and jointed
limbs
segmented soft body, rarely

have legs
unsegmented soft body,

have internal or external
shell
segmented body,
limbs
segmented body,
limbs

have legs

shell

have legs

shell

have legs

shell
segmented body,
limbs
What is the correct order of arthropod groups, from those with most legs to those with fewest
legs?
A
arachnids crustaceans insects myriapods
crustaceans myriapods insects arachnids
insects arachnids myriapods crustaceans
myriapods crustaceans arachnids insects
UCLES 2008
0610/01/M/J/08
3
4
The diagram shows an animal.
Use the key to identify this animal.

1
rounded ears ................................ A

pointed ears .................................. go to 2
spots on the body ......................... B

no spots on the body .................... go to 3
straight tail .................................... C

curly tail ........................................ D
The diagram shows a type of plant cell.

cytoplasm
vacuole
nucleus
chloroplast
In which tissue is this cell found?
leaf epidermis
palisade mesophyll
root epidermis
xylem
Which structure is found only in plant cells?

A
cell membrane
chloroplast
cytoplasm
nucleus
UCLES 2008
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7
The table shows features that may be found in cells.

Which is true for a liver cell?
large
central vacuole
chloroplasts
cellulose
cell wall
key
= found
= not found
What do all living things release during respiration?

energy
oxygen
carbon dioxide
key
= released
= not released
The diagram shows a section through an eye.
What are structures X and Y?

A
organs in an organ system
organs in a tissue
organ systems in an organ
tissues in an organ
UCLES 2008
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5
10 A student investigated osmosis in potatoes. He set up the apparatus shown.
potato cylinder
P
potato cylinder
Q
scales
distilled
water
very concentrated
sugar solution
At the beginning the potato cylinders were exactly balanced. He immersed the cylinders into the
liquids for 4 hours, after which the cylinders were lifted out of the liquids. Cylinder P was now
heavier than cylinder Q.
Which statement explains what happened?
A
Water moved into both cylinders.
Water moved out of both cylinders.
Water moved into the cylinder in the distilled water and out of the cylinder in the sugar
solution.
Water moved out of the cylinder in the distilled water and into the cylinder in the sugar
solution.
11 An experiment is set up as shown.

membrane permeable
to iodine molecules
mixture of
starch and water
iodine solution
What is the colour of the starch and water mixture after 30 minutes?
A
blue-black
orange
white
yellow-brown
UCLES 2008
0610/01/M/J/08
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12 Which are characteristics of enzymes?
A
They are carbohydrates and biological catalysts.
They are carbohydrates and chemical messengers.
They are proteins and biological catalysts.
They are proteins and chemical messengers.
13 The diagram shows part of the digestive system.
1
2
What is a function of the liquid produced by part 1 and released into part 2?
A
to digest proteins to amino acids
to increase the surface area of fat droplets
to acidify the contents of part 2
to prevent further digestion of starch
UCLES 2008
0610/01/M/J/08
7
14 The graphs show the quantities of selected vitamins and minerals in four foods.
vitamin D
g / 100 g
Fe
mg / 100 g
Ca
mg / 100 g
150
20
10
100
10
50
egg
beans
fish
fruit
egg
beans
fish
fruit
15
egg
beans
fish
fruit
30
egg
beans
fish
fruit
vitamin C
mg / 100 g
Which food is the richest source of the vitamin or mineral essential for the transport of oxygen by
the blood?
A
beans
eggs
fish
fruit
15 The table shows whether starch was still present after four different experiments.
experiment
result
starch + water at 20 C
key
starch + amylase at 20 C
= starch present
starch + amylase at 30 C
= starch absent
starch + boiled amylase at 30 C
What broke down the starch?

A
amylase
boiled amylase
heat
water
UCLES 2008
0610/01/M/J/08
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8
16 The diagram shows blood as seen under a microscope.
S
R
Which identifies parts P, Q, R and S of the blood?

plasma
platelet
white blood cell
red blood cell
17 In which state does water enter and leave a plant?

enters
leaves
liquid
liquid
liquid
vapour
vapour
liquid
vapour
vapour
UCLES 2008
0610/01/M/J/08
9
18 The plan shows the blood system of a mammal.
head and
fore-limbs
key
oxygenated blood
deoxygenated blood
lower body
and hind limbs
What does the part labelled X represent?
A
heart
kidneys
liver
lungs
19 Which route is taken by air passing into the lungs of a human?

A
alveolus trachea bronchus
bronchus trachea alveolus
trachea alveolus bronchus
trachea bronchus alveolus
20 Which products of anaerobic respiration are important for making beer and bread?
beer
bread
carbon dioxide
simple sugar
ethanol
carbon dioxide
lactic acid
ethanol
simple sugar
lactic acid
UCLES 2008
0610/01/M/J/08
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10
21 A person has been smoking heavily for many years.
A lot of dust and micro-organisms enter their lungs.
Which statement explains why this occurs?
A
Their arteries are blocked with tar.
The cilia in the trachea have been destroyed.
The person is addicted to nicotine.
The surface area of the lungs is reduced.
22 Capillaries near the surface of the skin become wider after drinking large amounts of alcohol.
Why does this cause the body temperature to drop?
A
It allows heat to be lost rapidly from the skin.
It causes vasoconstriction.
It prevents vasodilation.
It stops the person from sweating.
23 The diagram represents some human organs and their blood vessels.
liver
P
Q
gut
kidney
R
Immediately after taking an alcoholic drink, how would the levels of alcohol compare in blood
vessels P, Q and R?
P
very high
some
very high
some
very high
very low
very low
very low
some
very high
very low
very low
UCLES 2008
0610/01/M/J/08
11
24 The diagram shows muscles and bones in a human arm.
muscle P
muscle Q
When muscle Q contracts, what happens to muscle P and to the arm?

muscle P
the arm
contracts
bends
contracts
straightens
relaxes
bends
relaxes
straightens
UCLES 2008
0610/01/M/J/08
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12
25 Thirty woodlice were placed in the centre of a dish with four compartments, each with different
conditions. The diagram shows the number of woodlice that had moved into the different
compartments after twenty minutes.
dark and damp
dark and dry
17
light and damp
light and dry
What do these results show?

A
Woodlice prefer light and damp conditions.
Woodlice prefer light and dry conditions.
Woodlice prefer to be in the dark.
Woodlice prefer to be in the light.
26 Which shows where eggs and sperms are made?

eggs
sperms
fallopian tube (oviduct)
sperm duct
ovary
testis
ovary
urethra
uterus
testis
UCLES 2008
0610/01/M/J/08
13
27 The following four processes occur during reproduction in a plant.
1
The male nucleus fuses with the female nucleus.
The male nucleus is released from the pollen tube.
The male nucleus travels down the pollen tube.
The pollen grain grows a pollen tube.
In which order do these processes occur after pollination?

first
last
28 Which set of conditions will best enable seeds to germinate quickly?

water
oxygen
temperature (C)
absent
present
20
present
absent
20
present
present
20
present
present
UCLES 2008
0610/01/M/J/08
[Turn over
14
29 In arthropods, growth occurs only after the exoskeleton is shed and before the new one hardens.
Which graph shows a typical growth curve for an arthropod?
length of
arthropod
length of
arthropod
time
time
length of
arthropod
length of
arthropod
time
time
30 In the life cycle of a mammal, what describes the eggs or sperms and the cells of the embryo?
eggs or sperms
cells of the embryo
diploid
diploid
diploid
haploid
haploid
diploid
haploid
haploid
31 Which cross shows how a boy inherits sex chromosomes from his parents?
A
mother
XY
B
father
XX
son
XX
UCLES 2008
mother
XY
C
father
XY
mother
XX
son
XY
father
XY
son
XX
0610/01/M/J/08
D
mother
XX
father
XY
son
XY
15
32 The diagram shows a food chain.
lettuce plants
slugs
toads
grass snakes
fungi
Which organisms are the producers?
A
grass snakes
lettuce plants
slugs
toads
33 The diagram shows energy flow through a food chain.
energy
in plant
tissue
10 % of energy
passed on
30 KJ
energy in
tissue of
primary
consumer
3 KJ
90 % of
energy lost
10 % of energy
passed on
energy in
tissue of
secondary
consumer
0.3 KJ
90 % of
energy lost
By which processes is energy lost between X and Y?

A
digestion and excretion
digestion and photosynthesis
excretion and respiration
photosynthesis and respiration
UCLES 2008
0610/01/M/J/08
[Turn over
16
34 The diagram shows a simple water cycle.
cloud
tree
rain
soil
What is responsible for water loss from the tree?

A
decomposition
photosynthesis
translocation
transpiration
35 Which shows from where most plants and most animals obtain carbon?
most plants obtain
carbon from
most animals
obtain carbon from
the air
plants
the soil
the air
the air
the soil
the soil
plants
36 What does a plant make with the nitrates it absorbs?

A
carbohydrates
fats
mineral salts
proteins
UCLES 2008
0610/01/M/J/08
17
37 The table shows the changes in the world population over a period of two hundred years.
year
estimated population
(millions)
1790
850
1890
1500
1990
5000
What has made the largest contribution to this population change?

A
decreased food supply
decreased use of chemical contraception
increased food supply
increased use of chemical contraception
38 Why might pesticides sprayed onto the fields reduce a bean crop?
A
Pesticides damage plant leaves.
Pesticides damage plant roots.
Pesticides kill insects that feed on bean plants.
Pesticides kill insects that pollinate bean plants.
39 What may cause the rapid growth of plants in a lake?

A
excess fertilisers
excess herbicides
low water pH
low water temperature
UCLES 2008
0610/01/M/J/08
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18
40 The table shows some information about two closely related species of sea bird.
bird species X
bird species Y
mixed diet, but no small fish
eats mostly small fish
catches fish out at sea
catches fish near river mouths
nests high on cliffs or broad ledges
nests low on cliffs or on shallow ledges
Sewage pollution at the mouth of a river destroys its fish stocks.

What is likely to happen to local populations of these birds?
A
There will be no change to either species.
Species X numbers will decrease, species Y will remain constant.
Species Y numbers will decrease, species X will remain constant.
Both species numbers will increase.
UCLES 2008
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*0226152035*
0610/02
BIOLOGY
May/June 2008
Paper 2 Core
1 hour 15 minutes
question.
For Examiner's Use

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Total
This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page.

IB08 06_0610_02/6RP
UCLES 2008
[Turn over
2
1
Respiration is one of the characteristics of living things.
For
Examiner's
Use
(a) List four other characteristics of living things not including respiration.
1
2
3
4
[4]
(b) Describe the difference between respiration and breathing.
[2]
[Total: 6]
2
Choose words from the list to complete each of the spaces in the paragraph.
Each word may be used once only and some words are not used at all.
bright
dry
sepals
dull
small
heavy
stamens
large
sticky
light
style
Flowers of plants that rely on the wind to bring about pollination tend to
have
petals that have a
Their pollen is normally

In these flowers, the
colour.
and
and the
.
both tend to be long.
[6]
[Total: 6]
UCLES 2008
0610/02/M/J/08
(a) Table 3.1 lists some of the food materials that need to be digested, the enzymes that
carry out the digestion and the end products.
Complete Table 3.1.
For
Examiner's
Use
[5]
Table 3.1
food material
digestive enzyme
starch
end products of digestion
simple sugars
amino acids
fat
lipase
(b) Amino acids and glucose are carried in the blood from the intestine to the liver.
Describe the processes that occur in the liver when there is an excess of these
materials arriving in the blood.
amino acids
glucose
[4]
[Total: 9]
UCLES 2008
0610/02/M/J/08
[Turn over
4
4
(a) (i) Name the two raw materials needed by plants for photosynthesis.
For
Examiner's
Use
1
2
[2]
(ii) Name the gas produced by photosynthesis.

[1]
(b) Fig. 4.1 shows a leaf, with white and green regions, that is attached to a plant. The
plant had been kept in the dark for 48 hours and then a lightproof, black paper cover
was placed over part of the leaf.
white region
B
green region
position of lightproof
black paper cover
on both sides of leaf
attachment
to plant
Fig. 4.1
UCLES 2008
0610/02/M/J/08
5
The plant is left under a light for 24 hours. After this time the leaf is removed from the
plant and is tested for the presence of starch.
For
Examiner's
Use
(i) Which chemical reagent is used to show the presence of starch?

[1]
(ii) Record the colour you would see, if you had carried out this test, in each of the
areas A, B, C, and D.
area
colour
A
B
C
D
[4]
(iii) Explain the results for each of the following areas.
area B
area D
[2]
[Total: 10]
UCLES 2008
0610/02/M/J/08
[Turn over
6
5
Fig. 5.1 shows a section through the heart.
For
Examiner's
Use
.................................. K
L ..................................
.................................. J
M ..................................
Fig. 5.1
(a) On Fig. 5.1,

(i) label parts J, K, L and M,
[4]
(ii) shade in the blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood,
[1]
(iii) draw a series of arrows to show the direction of blood flow through the heart from
the lungs to the rest of the body.
[1]
(b) Describe the role of valve X.
[2]
[Total: 8]
UCLES 2008
0610/02/M/J/08
7
6
Fig. 6.1 shows the female reproductive system.
For
Examiner's
Use
R ..................................
S ..................................
Fig. 6.1
(a) On Fig. 6.1, label structures R and S.
[2]
(b) On Fig. 6.1,

(i) label, with a line and a letter F, where fertilisation occurs,
[1]
(ii) label, with a line and a letter I, where implantation occurs.
[1]
(c) During puberty, the secondary sexual characteristics develop.

(i) Name the hormone that controls these developments in a female and state which
organ produces it.
hormone
organ producing it
[2]
(ii) State two secondary sexual characteristics that develop in females, in parts of the
body other than in the reproductive organs shown in Fig. 6.1.
1
2
[2]
[Total: 8]
UCLES 2008
0610/02/M/J/08
[Turn over
8
7
Fig. 7.1 shows a family tree for a condition known as nail-patella syndrome (NPS).
For
Examiner's
Use
key
1
female without NPS
female with NPS

male without NPS
3
male with NPS
Fig. 7.1
(a) (i) State whether NPS is controlled by a dominant or a recessive allele.
(ii) Explain which evidence from the family tree confirms your answer to (i).
[3]
UCLES 2008
0610/02/M/J/08
9
(b) Explain what the chances are for a third child of parents 6 and 7 having NPS.
For
Examiner's
Use
You may use a genetic diagram to help your explanation.
[3]
[Total: 6]
UCLES 2008
0610/02/M/J/08
[Turn over
10
8
Fig. 8.1 shows changes in the population of bacteria that take place in a river when
untreated sewage is added to it.
population
of bacteria
(arbitrary units)
raw sewage
discharged
into river
distance downstream
(arbitrary units)
Fig. 8.1
(a) Describe the changes in the population of bacteria that take place in this river.
[2]
(b) Suggest an explanation for these changes in the population of bacteria.
[4]
[Total: 6]
UCLES 2008
0610/02/M/J/08
For
Examiner's
Use
11
9
Fig. 9.1 shows part of a food web for the South Atlantic Ocean.
For
Examiner's
Use
Killer
whale
Leopard
seal
Ross
seal
Adelie
penguin
squid
fish
Crabeater
seal
krill
algae
Fig. 9.1
(a) (i) Name the top carnivore in this food web.

[1]
(ii) Name a member of this food web that is both a secondary and a tertiary consumer.
[1]
(b) Use the information from the food web to complete the food chain of five organisms.
algae
[2]
(c) In the future the extraction of mineral resources in the Antarctic might occur on a large
scale. This could destroy the breeding grounds of the Ross seal.
(i) State and explain what effects this might have on the population of Leopard seal.
[2]
UCLES 2008
0610/02/M/J/08
[Turn over
12
(ii) State and explain what effects this might have on the population of fish.
For
Examiner's
Use
[4]
[Total: 10]
UCLES 2008
0610/02/M/J/08
13
10 (a) Define the term homeostasis.
For
Examiner's
Use
[2]
(b) It has been suggested by some scientists that the iris reflex is an example of
homeostasis.
Describe this reflex and explain why it might be considered to be a homeostatic
mechanism.
[3]
[Total: 5]
UCLES 2008
0610/02/M/J/08
[Turn over
14
11 (a) Fig. 11.1 shows the urinary system and its blood supply.
For
Examiner's
Use
.................................. X
direction of
blood flow
.................................. Y
.................................. Z
Fig. 11.1
On Fig. 11.1 label structures X, Y and Z.
[3]
(b) Table 11.1 shows the relative quantities of several substances in the blood in the renal
artery and renal vein.
Table 11.1
substance
relative quantities in blood in

renal artery
(arbitrary units)
relative quantities in blood in

renal vein
(arbitrary units)
glucose
10.0
9.7
oxygen
100.0
35.0
sodium salts
32.0
29.0
urea
3.0
1.5
water
180.0
178.0
UCLES 2008
0610/02/M/J/08
15
Explain what is happening in the kidney to bring about three of the differences between
the blood in the renal artery and renal vein, shown in the table.
[3]
[Total: 6]
UCLES 2008
0610/02/M/J/08
For
Examiner's
Use
16
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0610/01
BIOLOGY
May/June 2009
45 minutes
*7545029611*

Soft clean eraser


IB09 06_0610_01/3RP
UCLES 2009
[Turn over
2
1
Which process removes the waste products of metabolism from the body?
A
excretion
nutrition
reproduction
respiration
According to the binomial system, how should a human be named?

A
Homo Sapiens
Homo sapiens
homo Sapiens
homo sapiens
Which leaf comes from a monocotyledonous plant?

A
The diagram shows a palisade cell from a leaf.

Which labelled structure produces oxygen?
A
B
D
UCLES 2009
0610/01/M/J/09
3
5
Which structure contains genes?

A
the cell membrane of an animal cell
the cytoplasm of an animal cell
the nucleus of a plant cell
the vacuole of a plant cell
The diagram shows a cross section through two guard cells of a leaf.
W
Which labelled structures would also be found in an animal cell?

A
7
W and X
X and Y
Y and Z
Z and W
The diagram shows some cells from the lining of the trachea (windpipe) in the respiratory tract.
X
What is the function of the structures labelled X?

A
absorbing oxygen
killing micro-organisms
moving mucus
trapping bacteria
UCLES 2009
0610/01/M/J/09
[Turn over
4
8
Which structures contain a cell nucleus?

red blood cell
root hair cell
xylem vessel
key
= contains nucleus
= no nucleus
Which diagram shows the appearance of a plant cell several minutes after it has been placed in a
concentrated solution of sugar?
10 The dots represent molecules of a gas in four tubes at the beginning of an experiment.
In which tube will more molecules move from X to Y than in the opposite direction?
UCLES 2009
0610/01/M/J/09
5
11 What is the optimum pH for stomach protease?
A
pH 2
pH 7
pH 9
pH 12
12 The diagram shows part of a starch molecule.
Which diagram shows this molecule after it has been completely digested?
13 Which cell type contains the most chloroplasts?

A
palisade mesophyll
phloem
spongy mesophyll
xylem
UCLES 2009
0610/01/M/J/09
[Turn over
6
14 Four foods were tested for
fat (using ethanol),
protein (using the biuret test),
reducing sugar (using Benedicts solution),
starch (using iodine solution).
Which food contains protein and starch?
colour of result of food test
blue / black
purple / lilac
brick-red / orange
milky-white
key
= nutrient present
= nutrient absent
15 Cobalt chloride paper is blue when dry but turns pink when wet. Some blue cobalt chloride paper
was fastened to the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf on a plant X and a leaf on plant Y.
The diagram shows the results of the experiment.
12
10
8
time taken for
cobalt chloride
paper to turn
pink / minutes
6
4
2
0
upper lower
surface surface
upper lower
surface surface
plant X
plant Y
Through which leaf surface was water lost most quickly?

A
plant X, upper surface
plant X, lower surface
plant Y, upper surface
plant Y, lower surface
UCLES 2009
0610/01/M/J/09
7
16 The diagrams show stages in the passage of water through a plant.
The circles are the starting points for arrows to show the direction in which the water moves.
Which circle must have an arrow pointing downwards only?
17 Translocation occurs in phloem tubes. Aphids feed on the contents of phloem tubes.
What type of food would be lacking in their diet?
A
amino acid
fat
sucrose
water
UCLES 2009
0610/01/M/J/09
[Turn over
8
18 The diagram shows the human heart.
Which two chambers contract at the same time?

A
W and X
W and Z
X and Z
X and Y
19 Which substances are formed during anaerobic respiration in animals and yeast?
animals
yeast
alcohol
alcohol and lactic acid
alcohol and carbon dioxide
alcohol
lactic acid
alcohol and carbon dioxide
lactic acid and water
lactic acid
UCLES 2009
0610/01/M/J/09
9
20 In an experiment, three glass bell jars were set up as shown in the diagram.
air
from
lungs
bell jar
green
plant
P
left in sunlight
for 8 hours
Q
left open to the
air for 8 hours
R
air breathed out by a
student for 5 minutes
At the end of the experiment, which bell jar has the most oxygen and which has the least?
most oxygen
least oxygen
21 The diagram represents the exchange of gases during breathing and during respiration in the
body.
oxygen
in blood
oxygen
X
carbon
dioxide
Y
carbon dioxide
in blood
What is represented by X and by Y?

X
lungs
air
lungs
body cells
body cells
air
body cells
lungs
UCLES 2009
0610/01/M/J/09
[Turn over
10
22 The diagram shows a kidney and its blood vessels.
artery
vein
ureter
In a healthy person, which structures transport glucose?

A
artery only
artery and ureter
artery and vein
ureter and vein
23 What is true for a runner, at the end of a marathon race, in a hot climate?
A
sweating and vasoconstriction
sweating and vasodilation
vasoconstriction only
vasodilation only
24 When a person is frightened, adrenalin is released by the adrenal glands.

What are the effects of the adrenalin?
breathing rate
heart beat rate
decreased
decreased
decreased
increased
increased
decreased
increased
increased
UCLES 2009
0610/01/M/J/09
11
25 What crosses the placenta from fetal blood to maternal blood in larger quantities than from
maternal blood to fetal blood?
A
amino acids
carbon dioxide
glucose
oxygen
26 Fruits can be dispersed by animals or by wind. The table contains descriptions of four fruits.
Which fruit will be dispersed by wind?
fruit
description
fleshy and scented
light weight and has a wing
sticky and has hooks
sweet tasting and brightly coloured
27 The graph shows the relationship between age and weight for boys and girls.
70
boys
60
50
mass / kg
girls
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
15
20
age / years
At what age does the graph show that girls are heavier than boys?
A
UCLES 2009
12
0610/01/M/J/09
15
[Turn over
12
28 The experiment shown in the diagram was set up to see what conditions are needed for seeds to
germinate. Except for tube number 5, all tubes are kept at room temperature.
3
cotton wool soaked
in a chemical that
absorbs oxygen
seeds
seeds
seeds
dry
cotton
wool
wet
cotton
wool
wet
cotton
wool
black box
black box
seeds
seeds
wet
cotton
wool
wet
cotton
wool
cold
In which tubes are the seeds most likely to germinate?

A
1 and 3
1 and 5
2 and 4
3 and 4
29 The diagram shows a maize (corn) cob with purple and yellow fruits. Purple (P) is dominant to
yellow (p).
yellow fruit
purple fruit
What are the genotypes of the parent maize plants?

A
PP Pp
UCLES 2009
PP pp
Pp Pp
0610/01/M/J/09
pp Pp
13
30 What is true of the chromosomes present in the daughter nuclei after meiosis and after mitosis?
meiosis
mitosis
identical
identical
identical
non-identical
non-identical
identical
non-identical
non-identical
31 What is a mutation?
A
a change in a gene or chromosome
a condition caused by a recessive allele
a process used in genetic engineering
a type of discontinuous variation
32 The diagram shows a food chain.

producer
consumer
1
consumer
2
consumer
3
A disease reduced the number of consumer 2.

What effect would this be likely to have on the numbers of consumer 1 and consumer 3?
consumer 1
consumer 3
key
+ = increase in numbers
= decrease in numbers
33 The diagram shows a food web.

Which arrow does not show the direction of energy flow?
A
plants
herbivores
carnivores
D
decomposers
UCLES 2009
0610/01/M/J/09
[Turn over
14
34 The diagram shows a tree and organisms associated with it.
Which labelled organism is a producer?
A
B
35 The diagram shows a simplified carbon cycle.

carbon dioxide
in atmosphere
respiration
animals
feeding
What is process X?
A
combustion
decay
excretion
photosynthesis
UCLES 2009
0610/01/M/J/09
plants
15
36 The diagram shows the release of a substance into the atmosphere from different sources.
Sun
soil
urine
sheep
tree
What is this substance?

A
carbon dioxide
oxygen
urea
water vapour
37 The graph shows the change in the numbers of a species of small mammal living on an island.
Which letter represents the phase where the population growth is slowing down?
D
C
numbers of a species
of small mammal
on the island
A
time
UCLES 2009
0610/01/M/J/09
[Turn over
16
38 What could be a consequence of deforestation?
A
More habitats are produced for animals and plants.
More transpiration may increase rainfall.
Rainwater runs off the land causing flooding.
Soil erosion is less likely.
39 The diagram shows the positions of four farms and the concentrations of nitrate at different points
in a river.
Which farm is likely to have been using too much fertilizer on its land?
farm C
direction
of flow
farm A
farm D
farm B
direction
of flow
60
40
nitrate
concentration
/ ppm
20
UCLES 2009
0610/01/M/J/09
17
40 Untreated sewage can cause pollution of streams and rivers. Some changes in streams and
rivers after sewage is added are shown.
1
fish die
the dissolved oxygen in the water decreases
the number of anaerobic organisms increases
the number of bacteria increases
What gives the order in which these events occur?

A
1243
1432
2143
4 2 1 3
UCLES 2009
0610/01/M/J/09
18
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*3266860499*
0610/02
BIOLOGY
May/June 2009
Paper 2 Core
1 hour 15 minutes
For Examiner's Use
question.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Total

IB09 06_0610_02/9RP
UCLES 2009
[Turn over
2
1
Fig.1.1 shows six arthropods, each of which could carry disease organisms.
Fig. 1.1
Use the key to identify each of the arthropods. Write the name of each arthropod in the
correct box of Table 1.1. As you work through the key, tick () the boxes in Table 1.1 to
show how you identified each arthropod.
Arthropod A has been completed for you as an example.
Key
arthropod
1 (a) Wings present .....
(b) Wings absent ...
go to 2
go to 4
2 (a) Wings shorter than abdomen

(b) Wings longer than abdomen .
go to 3
Musca
3 (a) Abdomen long and narrow

(b) Abdomen short and broad .
Anopheles
Periplaneta
4 (a) Has three pairs of legs ..

(b) Has four pairs of legs .
go to 5
Ornithodorus
5 (a) One pair of legs shorter than the other pairs .

(b) All pairs of legs of similar length ...
Pulex
Pediculus
UCLES 2009
0610/02/M/J/09
For
Examiner's
Use
3
Table 1.1
1 (a)
A
1 (b)
2 (a)
2 (b)
3 (a)
3 (b)
4 (a)
4 (b)
5 (a)
5 (b)
name of
arthropod
Pediculus
For
Examiner's
Use
B
C
D
E
F
[5]
[Total: 5]
UCLES 2009
0610/02/M/J/09
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4
2
(a) Why do most waste products of metabolism have to be removed from the body?
[1]
(b) Fig.2.1 shows the human excretory system.
Fig. 2.1
Name the parts that fit each of the following descriptions.

(i) The tube that carries urine from the kidneys.
[1]
(ii) The organ that stores urine.
[1]
(iii) The blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney.
[1]
(c) Outline how the kidneys remove only waste materials from the blood.
[3]
UCLES 2009
0610/02/M/J/09
For
Examiner's
Use
5
(d) Excess amino acids cannot be stored in the body and have to be broken down.
For
Examiner's
Use
(i) Where are excess amino acids broken down?

[1]
(ii) Which waste chemical is formed from the breakdown of excess amino acids?
[1]
[Total: 9]
UCLES 2009
0610/02/M/J/09
[Turn over
6
3
(a) Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves both pollination and fertilisation.
For
Examiner's
Use
(i) Explain the difference between pollination and fertilisation.
[3]
(ii) Name the part of a flower where pollination happens.
[1]
(iii) Name the part of a flower where fertilisation happens.
[1]
(b) Sexual reproduction in flowers results in the production of seeds and fruits. From which
part of a flower is each of these formed?
seed
fruit
[2]
(c) Describe the role of the wind in the life cycle of some flowering plants.
[2]
[Total: 9]
UCLES 2009
0610/02/M/J/09
7
4
Fig. 4.1 shows the water cycle.
For
Examiner's
Use
land
Q
R
forest
area
P
river
sea
Fig. 4.1
(a) (i) The arrows labelled P represent evaporation. Which type of energy is needed for
this process?
[1]
(ii) State what causes the formation of clouds at Q.
[1]
(b) (i) What process is represented by the arrows labelled R?

[1]
(ii) Name three factors that could alter the rate at which process R happens.
1.
2.
3.
UCLES 2009
[3]
0610/02/M/J/09
[Turn over
8
(c) A logging company wants to cut down the forest area.
(i) Suggest what effects this deforestation might have on the climate further inland.
Explain your answer.
[2]
(ii) State two other effects deforestation could have on the environment.
1.
2.
[2]
[Total: 10]
UCLES 2009
0610/02/M/J/09
For
Examiner's
Use
9
5
Five types of animal and plant cells and five possible functions of such cells are shown
below.
For
Examiner's
Use
Draw one straight line from each type of cell to a function of that cell.
type of cell
function of cell
red blood cell
absorption of mineral
ions
root hair cell
transport of oxygen
white blood cell
movement of mucus
xylem
protection against
pathogens
ciliated cell
structural support
[5]
[Total: 5]
UCLES 2009
0610/02/M/J/09
[Turn over
10
6
Fig. 6.1 shows four test-tubes that were set up and left for six hours at a constant warm
temperature.
lightproof box
sunlight
water
shrimp
sunlight
pond water
with indicator
pond
weed
Fig. 6.1
Hydrogencarbonate indicator (bicarbonate indicator) changes colour depending on the pH

of gases dissolved in it, as shown in Fig. 6.2.
concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved
high
1
indicator
yellow
low
pH
7
indicator
pinky red
pH
14
indicator
purple
Fig. 6.2
After six hours the colour of the indicator in all four tubes had changed.
(a) (i) Complete Table 6.1 to predict the colour of the indicator after six hours.
Table 6.1
tube
colour of indicator
at start
pinky red
pinky red
pinky red
pinky red
colour of indicator
after six hours
[4]
UCLES 2009
0610/02/M/J/09
For
Examiner's
Use
11
(ii) Suggest the reason for the change in colour of the indicator in each of tubes A
and D.
For
Examiner's
Use
tube A
tube D
[4]
(b) Fig. 6.3 shows a fifth tube, E, set up at the same time and in the same conditions as
tubes C and D.
sunlight
E
Fig. 6.3
Suggest and explain the possible colour of the indicator in tube E after six hours.
colour of indicator
explanation
[3]
[Total: 11]
UCLES 2009
0610/02/M/J/09
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12
7
(a) Complete the following paragraph using appropriate words.

Sense organs are composed of groups of
respond to specific
chemicals are the
For
Examiner's
Use
cells that
. The sense organs that respond to
and the
[4]
(b) The eye is a sense organ that focuses light rays by changing the shape of its
lens. It does this by contracting its ciliary muscles.
(i) What links the ciliary muscles to the lens?
[1]
(ii) Describe the change in shape of the lens when a person looks from a near
object to a distant object.
[1]
UCLES 2009
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13
(c) Fig. 7.1 shows changes in the contraction of the ciliary muscles as a person watches a
humming bird move from flower to flower while feeding on nectar.
fully
contracted
ciliary
muscle
contraction
For
Examiner's
Use
1
2
fully
relaxed
3
time
Fig. 7.1
In which period of time, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, was the bird

(i) feeding from a flower very near to the person,
[1]
(ii) flying away from the person,
[1]
(iii) flying towards the person.
[1]
[Total: 9]
UCLES 2009
0610/02/M/J/09
[Turn over
14
8
Fig. 8.1 shows the male reproductive system.
For
Examiner's
Use
Fig. 8.1
(a) Using a label line and the letters given, label on Fig. 8.1,
(i) G where gametes are formed,
[1]
(ii) S the sperm duct,
[1]
(iii) T where testosterone is formed,
[1]
(iv) U the urethra.
[1]
(b) Describe two secondary sexual characteristics regulated by testosterone.

1.
2.
[2]
UCLES 2009
0610/02/M/J/09
15
(c) Choose words from the list to complete each of the spaces in the paragraph. Each word
may be used once only and some words may not be used at all.
four
diploid
haploid
meiosis
double
For
Examiner's
Use
half
mitosis
two
Gametes are formed by the division of a nucleus, a process called

. This process produces a total of
cells from the original cell. Each of these cells has a nucleus described as being
and each nucleus contains
the number of chromosomes present in the original nucleus.
[4]
[Total: 10]
UCLES 2009
0610/02/M/J/09
[Turn over
16
9
Modern technology can be used to increase the yield of crops.

(a) The use of chemicals, such as fertilisers, herbicides and pesticides, is one of the
developments used.
(i) Name two mineral ions commonly included in fertilisers.
1.
2.
[1]
(ii) Explain the dangers to the local environment of the overuse of fertilisers on
farmland.
[4]
(iii) Suggest how the use of herbicides can be of benefit to crop plants.
[3]
(iv) Suggest two dangers of using pesticides on farmland.
1.
2.
[2]
UCLES 2009
0610/02/M/J/09
For
Examiner's
Use
17
(b) Artificial selection and genetic engineering can also be used to increase crop yields.
For
Examiner's
Use
Explain the difference between these two techniques.
[2]
[Total: 12]
UCLES 2009
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0610/11
BIOLOGY
May/June 2010
45 minutes
*0718906743*

Soft clean eraser


IB10 06_0610_11/3RP
UCLES 2010
[Turn over
2
1
What is defined as the chemical reactions that break down food molecules in cells to release
energy?
A
excretion
movement
nutrition
respiration
The diagram shows an arthropod animal.
Which features are characteristic of all arthropods?

A
jointed legs and segmented body
jointed legs and thorax
segmented body and wings
thorax and wings
UCLES 2010
0610/11/M/J/10
3
3
The diagram shows a section through a flower.
petal
Using the key, identify this flower.

1
sepals present .............................................. go to 2

sepals absent ............................................... go to 3
stamens attached to petals .......................... A
stamens not attached to petals .................... B

stigma above anthers ................................... C
stigma below anthers ................................... D

4
Which row shows the most likely number of chloroplasts in three types of cell in a leaf?
epidermis
palisade mesophyll
guard cells
17
17
17
17
UCLES 2010
0610/11/M/J/10
[Turn over
4
5
The diagram shows some liver cells as they appear under the microscope.
How many cell walls can be seen?

A
6
Which row shows the structures present in plant and animal cells?
cell wall
cytoplasm
nucleus
cell membrane
plant cell
animal cell

plant cell
animal cell

key
plant cell
animal cell

= present
= absent
plant cell
animal cell

Which structure is at a different level of organisation from the other three?

A
kidney
liver
neurone
testis
Which diagram shows one organ only?

A
UCLES 2010
0610/11/M/J/10
5
9
On a dry, sunny day, how does water vapour move through the stomata of a leaf?
A
into the leaf by diffusion
into the leaf by osmosis
out of the leaf by diffusion
out of the leaf by osmosis
10 The diagram shows an experiment using a potato.

concentrated
sugar solution
fresh potato
water
Which shows the result of the experiment after 24 hours?

A
11 The graph shows how the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction changes with temperature.
rate of
reaction
temperature
What is happening within the temperature range marked X?

A
The enzyme is becoming denatured.
The enzyme is being used up.
The reaction is occurring at body temperature.
The reaction is occurring at the optimum temperature.
UCLES 2010
0610/11/M/J/10
[Turn over
6
12 Which condition can sometimes be prevented by eating plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables?
A
bleeding gums
brittle bones
diabetes
soft bones
13 Which solutions are used for testing for protein, reducing sugar and starch?
test for protein
test for reducing

sugar
test for starch
Benedicts
iodine
biuret
biuret
Benedicts
iodine
biuret
iodine
Benedicts
iodine
biuret
Benedicts
14 A protease is added to a suspension of egg protein in a test-tube and kept at 37 C.

After 8 minutes, the protein changes from cloudy to transparent.
Which product, or products, will now be present in the test-tube?
A
amino acids
a simple sugar
fatty acids and glycerol
water
UCLES 2010
0610/11/M/J/10
7
15 The photograph shows human blood cells as seen under a microscope at high power.
Q
P
S
R
Which are red cells?

A
P and Q
Q and R
R and S
S and P
16 What is a description of transpiration?

A
exchange of gases between the leaf and the atmosphere
loss of water vapour from the leaves and stems of a plant
movement of water from the roots to the leaves
movement of water through the cells of the leaf
removed.
xylem
phloem

A
UCLES 2010
0610/11/M/J/10
[Turn over
8
18 The diagram shows someone blowing up a balloon.
What percentage of the gas in the balloon is carbon dioxide?

A
0.04 %
0.4 %
4.0 %
40 %
19 The table shows some of the features of respiration.

Which row is correct for anaerobic respiration?
energy remaining
in products
amount of
energy
released
chemical pathway
releases carbon
dioxide
high
high
always the same
sometimes
high
low
different in different organisms
sometimes
low
high
always
low
low
always the same
always
20 Four words are shown below.

alcohol
anaerobic
sugar
yeast
These words can be used in the spaces P, Q, R and S to complete the sentence below.
In brewing and bread making, respiration takes place. The micro-organism called P
uses Q... as a source of food. The product of this R respiration is S .
Which combination of words correctly completes the sentences?
alcohol
anaerobic
sugar
yeast
UCLES 2010
0610/11/M/J/10
9
21 Which organ produces urea?
A
bladder
kidney
liver
pancreas
22 What happens when the body temperature rises above normal?

blood vessels in the
surface of skin
sweat production
constrict
decreases
constrict
increases
dilate
decreases
dilate
increases
23 The diagram shows some of the muscles and bones of the human arm.
muscle Y
muscle X
elbow joint
When muscle X contracts, what happens to the arm and what happens to muscle Y?
arm
muscle Y
bends
contracts
bends
relaxes
straightens
contracts
straightens
relaxes
UCLES 2010
0610/11/M/J/10
[Turn over
10
24 The diagram shows a section through part of the human eye.
suspensory
ligaments
lens
When a person looks at an object which is close to their eye, which of the following takes place?
suspensory
ligaments
lens
slacken
becomes fatter
slacken
becomes thinner
tighten
becomes fatter
tighten
becomes thinner
25 The diagram shows the female reproductive system.
What is the function of the part labelled X?

A
gamete production and hormone secretion
gamete production only
hormone secretion only
zygote production and hormone secretion
UCLES 2010
0610/11/M/J/10
11
26 The diagram shows the changes which take place during a womans menstrual cycle.
progesterone
oestrogen
2
time / weeks
menstruation
uterus
wall
0
2
time / weeks
What is occurring at the time of ovulation?

A
a fall in the levels of oestrogen and progesterone
a fall in the level of progesterone only
a rise in the levels of oestrogen and progesterone
a rise in the level of oestrogen only
27 The graph shows how dry mass of a plant changes with time.
Where on the graph is growth occurring?
dry
mass
A
D
B
time
UCLES 2010
0610/11/M/J/10
[Turn over
12
28 The diagram shows some of the stages in the germination of a seed. The figures show the total
mass at each stage.
stage
mass / g
1
0.6
2
4.7
3
5.9
Which process causes the increase in mass between stage 1 and stage 2?
A
absorption of water
enzyme action on starch
photosynthesis
respiration
29 What term is used for the transference of a gene from one organism to another?
A
artificial selection
genetic engineering
mutation
natural selection
UCLES 2010
0610/11/M/J/10
13
30 The family tree shows the inheritance of the ability to taste a certain substance. The allele for the
ability to taste this substance is dominant to the allele for the inability to taste it.
1st generation
David
Mary
2nd generation
Peter
Hannah
3rd generation
key
represents a male taster
represents a male non-taster
represents a female taster
represents a female non-taster
What is the chance of the second child of Peter and Hannah being a non-taster?
A
1 in 1
1 in 2
1 in 3
1 in 4
31 The size of the arrows shows the approximate, relative amounts of energy passing from one
stage to the next in a food chain.
Which chain represents the energy losses between trophic levels?
A
sun
grass
rabbit
fox
sun
grass
rabbit
fox
sun
grass
rabbit
fox
sun
grass
rabbit
fox
UCLES 2010
0610/11/M/J/10
[Turn over
14
producer
Which organisms occupy the same trophic level?
A
3 and 2
4 and 1
5 and 2
33 The diagram shows the flow of energy in a food chain.

Which organism is the producer in the food chain?
organism A
organism B
organism C
organism D
UCLES 2010
0610/11/M/J/10
5 and 3
15
34 The diagram shows part of a section through a leaf.
The arrow represents part of the

A
carbon cycle only.
flow of energy.
water and carbon cycles.
water cycle only.
35 The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle.

carbon dioxide
in the air
carbohydrates
in living plants
dead
matter
carbohydrates
in living animals
Which process occurs at Y?

A
combustion
decay
photosynthesis
respiration
UCLES 2010
0610/11/M/J/10
[Turn over
16
Where is osmosis occurring?
clouds
B
water
vapour
soil
C
D
plants
lake
37 The diagrams show the current population sizes for people below 50 years of age in four different
countries.
Which country will be likely to have the largest population of people 60 70 years of age in 20
years time?
A
40 49
30 39
age 20 29
10 19
09
B
40 49
30 39
age 20 29
10 19
09
percentage of the population
40 49
30 39
age 20 29
10 19
09
40 49
30 39
age 20 29
10 19
0 9
38 What makes nuclear fall-out dangerous to living organisms?

A
It causes flooding.
It causes global warming.
It damages DNA.
It damages soils.
UCLES 2010
0610/11/M/J/10
17
39 A very large area of land has been cleared of rainforest and planted with soybean.
What result of deforestation will encourage the growth of the soybean plants?
A
decrease in atmospheric oxygen
decrease in rainfall
increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide
increase in soil erosion
40 The map shows a river flowing into the sea. The river is polluted by untreated sewage.
At which labelled point will the oxygen content of the water be lowest?
sea
untreated sewage
UCLES 2010
river
0610/11/M/J/10
18
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UCLES 2010
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0610/12
BIOLOGY
May/June 2010
45 minutes
*9777740616*

Soft clean eraser


IB10 06_0610_12/RP
UCLES 2010
[Turn over
2
1

A
2
epidermis
palisade mesophyll
guard cells
17
17
17
17
cell wall
cytoplasm
nucleus
cell membrane
plant cell
animal cell

plant cell
animal cell

key
plant cell
animal cell

= present
= absent
plant cell
animal cell


A
kidney
liver
neurone
testis
UCLES 2010
0610/12/M/J/10
3
5
energy?
A
excretion
movement
nutrition
respiration
petal

1




A
UCLES 2010
0610/12/M/J/10
[Turn over
4
8
thorax and wings
Which solutions are used for testing for protein, reducing sugar and starch?
test for protein
test for reducing

sugar
test for starch
Benedicts
iodine
biuret
biuret
Benedicts
iodine
biuret
iodine
Benedicts
iodine
biuret
Benedicts
10 On a dry, sunny day, how does water vapour move through the stomata of a leaf?
A
UCLES 2010
0610/12/M/J/10
5
concentrated
sugar solution
fresh potato
water
A

A
amino acids
a simple sugar
water
A
bleeding gums
brittle bones
diabetes
soft bones
UCLES 2010
0610/12/M/J/10
[Turn over
6
rate of
reaction
temperature

A
removed.
xylem
phloem

A
UCLES 2010
0610/12/M/J/10
7
energy remaining
in products
amount of
energy
released
chemical pathway
releases carbon
dioxide
high
high
always the same
sometimes
high
low
sometimes
low
high
always
low
low
always the same
always

alcohol
anaerobic
sugar
yeast
alcohol
anaerobic
sugar
yeast
UCLES 2010
0610/12/M/J/10
[Turn over
8
Q
P
S
R

A
P and Q
Q and R
R and S
S and P
40 %

A
0.04 %
0.4 %
4.0 %

A
UCLES 2010
0610/12/M/J/10
9
surface of skin
sweat production
constrict
decreases
constrict
increases
dilate
decreases
dilate
increases
muscle Y
muscle X
elbow joint
arm
muscle Y
bends
contracts
bends
relaxes
straightens
contracts
straightens
relaxes
UCLES 2010
0610/12/M/J/10
[Turn over
10
suspensory
ligaments
lens
suspensory
ligaments
lens
slacken
becomes fatter
slacken
becomes thinner
tighten
becomes fatter
tighten
becomes thinner

A
bladder
kidney
liver
pancreas
A
genetic engineering
mutation
natural selection
UCLES 2010
0610/12/M/J/10
11

A
mass at each stage.
stage
mass / g
1
0.6
2
4.7
3
5.9
A
absorption of water
photosynthesis
respiration
UCLES 2010
0610/12/M/J/10
[Turn over
12
progesterone
oestrogen
2
time / weeks
menstruation
uterus
wall
0
2
time / weeks

A
dry
mass
A
D
B
time
UCLES 2010
0610/12/M/J/10
13
carbon dioxide
in the air
carbohydrates
in living plants
dead
matter
carbohydrates
in living animals

A
combustion
decay
photosynthesis
respiration

A
It causes flooding.
It damages DNA.
It damages soils.

clouds
B
water
vapour
soil
C
D
plants
lake
UCLES 2010
0610/12/M/J/10
[Turn over
14
1st generation
David
Mary
2nd generation
Peter
Hannah
3rd generation
key
A
1 in 1
1 in 2
1 in 3

organism A
organism B
organism C
organism D
UCLES 2010
0610/12/M/J/10
1 in 4
15
A

A
carbon cycle only.
flow of energy.
water cycle only.
UCLES 2010
0610/12/M/J/10
[Turn over
16
producer
A
3 and 2
4 and 1
5 and 2
5 and 3
sea
untreated sewage
UCLES 2010
river
0610/12/M/J/10
17
A
sun
grass
rabbit
fox
sun
grass
rabbit
fox
sun
grass
rabbit
fox
sun
grass
rabbit
fox
countries.
years time?
A
40 49
30 39
age 20 29
10 19
09
B
40 49
30 39
age 20 29
10 19
09
40 49
30 39
age 20 29
10 19
09
40 49
30 39
age 20 29
10 19
0 9
UCLES 2010
0610/12/M/J/10
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UCLES 2010
0610/12/M/J/10
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UCLES 2010
0610/12/M/J/10
20
BLANK PAGE
UCLES 2010
0610/12/M/J/10
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0610/13
BIOLOGY
May/June 2010
45 minutes
*5548201757*

Soft clean eraser


IB10 06_0610_13/RP
UCLES 2010
[Turn over
2
1

A
2
epidermis
palisade mesophyll
guard cells
17
17
17
17
cell wall
cytoplasm
nucleus
cell membrane
plant cell
animal cell

plant cell
animal cell

key
plant cell
animal cell

= present
= absent
plant cell
animal cell


A
kidney
liver
neurone
testis
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5
energy?
A
excretion
movement
nutrition
respiration
petal

1




A
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8
thorax and wings
Which solutions are used for testing for protein, reducing sugar and starch?
test for protein
test for reducing

sugar
test for starch
Benedicts
iodine
biuret
biuret
Benedicts
iodine
biuret
iodine
Benedicts
iodine
biuret
Benedicts
10 On a dry, sunny day, how does water vapour move through the stomata of a leaf?
A
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5
concentrated
sugar solution
fresh potato
water
A

A
amino acids
a simple sugar
water
A
bleeding gums
brittle bones
diabetes
soft bones
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6
rate of
reaction
temperature

A
removed.
xylem
phloem

A
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7
energy remaining
in products
amount of
energy
released
chemical pathway
releases carbon
dioxide
high
high
always the same
sometimes
high
low
sometimes
low
high
always
low
low
always the same
always

alcohol
anaerobic
sugar
yeast
alcohol
anaerobic
sugar
yeast
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8
Q
P
S
R

A
P and Q
Q and R
R and S
S and P
40 %

A
0.04 %
0.4 %
4.0 %

A
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9
surface of skin
sweat production
constrict
decreases
constrict
increases
dilate
decreases
dilate
increases
muscle Y
muscle X
elbow joint
arm
muscle Y
bends
contracts
bends
relaxes
straightens
contracts
straightens
relaxes
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10
suspensory
ligaments
lens
suspensory
ligaments
lens
slacken
becomes fatter
slacken
becomes thinner
tighten
becomes fatter
tighten
becomes thinner

A
bladder
kidney
liver
pancreas
A
genetic engineering
mutation
natural selection
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11

A
mass at each stage.
stage
mass / g
1
0.6
2
4.7
3
5.9
A
absorption of water
photosynthesis
respiration
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12
progesterone
oestrogen
2
time / weeks
menstruation
uterus
wall
0
2
time / weeks

A
dry
mass
A
D
B
time
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13
carbon dioxide
in the air
carbohydrates
in living plants
dead
matter
carbohydrates
in living animals

A
combustion
decay
photosynthesis
respiration

A
It causes flooding.
It damages DNA.
It damages soils.

clouds
B
water
vapour
soil
C
D
plants
lake
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14
1st generation
David
Mary
2nd generation
Peter
Hannah
3rd generation
key
A
1 in 1
1 in 2
1 in 3

organism A
organism B
organism C
organism D
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1 in 4
15
A

A
carbon cycle only.
flow of energy.
water cycle only.
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16
producer
A
3 and 2
4 and 1
5 and 2
5 and 3
sea
untreated sewage
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river
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17
A
sun
grass
rabbit
fox
sun
grass
rabbit
fox
sun
grass
rabbit
fox
sun
grass
rabbit
fox
countries.
years time?
A
40 49
30 39
age 20 29
10 19
09
B
40 49
30 39
age 20 29
10 19
09
40 49
30 39
age 20 29
10 19
09
40 49
30 39
age 20 29
10 19
0 9
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BLANK PAGE
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BLANK PAGE
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*2439575101*
0610/21
BIOLOGY
May/June 2010
Paper 2 Core
1 hour 15 minutes
For Examiner's Use
question.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Total

IB10 06_0610_21/6RP
UCLES 2010
[Turn over
2
1
Fig. 1.1 shows two cells.
For
Examiner's
Use
cell A
cell B
Fig. 1.1
(a) (i) State where, in a human, a cell of type A would normally be found.
[1]
(ii) State where, in a plant, a cell of type B would be found.
[1]
(b) Use only words from the list to complete the statements about cell B.
air
cellulose
chloroplasts
membrane
mitochondria
nucleus
starch
vacuole
wall
cell sap
Cell B has a thick outer layer called the cell

made of
. This is
. The cytoplasm of cell B contains many

that are used in the process of photosynthesis. The
large permanent
is full of
and
this helps to maintain the shape of the cell.

[5]
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3
(c) Fig. 1.2 shows structures that produce urine and excrete it from the body of a mammal.
For
Examiner's
Use
Fig. 1.2
(i) On Fig. 1.2, label and name one organ.
[1]
(ii) Use examples from Fig. 1.2 to explain the difference between the terms organ and
organ system.
[3]
[Total 11]
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[Turn over
4
2
Table 2.1 shows some of the external features of the five classes of vertebrates.
For
Examiner's
Use
Complete the table by placing a tick () to indicate if each class has the feature.
Table 2.1
class of
vertebrate
external
ear flap
feathers or fur
two pairs of
limbs
scaly skin
amphibians
birds
fish
mammals
reptiles
[5]
[Total: 5]
Rain forests are the natural vegetation in areas with high rainfall.
Tropical rain forest is being cut down in many parts of the world to clear land for agriculture.
The soil of the rain forest allows water to drain through it very rapidly.
Table 3.1 shows the yield of cotton crops, grown under three different conditions, on land
cleared of rain forest.
Table 3.1
yield of cotton / kg per hectare
years since the
forest was cleared
no fertiliser added to
the soil
fertiliser added to
soil during year 1
chopped grass
added to the soil
during year 1
200
398
220
180
790
1460
120
700
980
(a) (i) What happened to the yield of cotton over the three years if no fertiliser was added
to the soil?
[1]
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5
(ii) Suggest possible reasons for this change in the yield of cotton.
For
Examiner's
Use
[2]
(b) (i) What happened to the yield of cotton when fertiliser was added to the soil in
year 1?
[1]
(ii) Suggest why excessive quantities of fertiliser should not be added to the soil.
[2]
(c) Chopped grass added to the soil has little effect on the crop yield in year 1.
Suggest why it has much greater effect on the yield in years 2 and 3.
[2]
[Total: 8]
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6
4
Fig. 4.1 shows a pyramid of biomass.
For
Examiner's
Use
trophic level
4
3 .......................................
2
1 .......................................
Fig. 4.1
(a) On Fig. 4.1, name trophic levels 1 and 3.
[2]
(b) Fig. 4.2 shows a food web of a freshwater pond and Fig. 4.3 shows the same pyramid
of biomass as was shown in Fig. 4.1.
water
boatmen (A)
sticklebacks (C)
dragonfly
larvae (B)
mosquito
larvae (E)
hydras (D)
water
fleas (G)
leeches (F)
pond
snails (I)
protozoas (H)
microscopic
green
algae (J)
larger
plants (K)
Fig. 4.2
trophic level
4
...........
3
2
...........
Fig. 4.3
(i) In the boxes for trophic levels 2 and 4 in Fig. 4.3, write the letters (A to K) of all the
organisms that are members of these trophic levels.
[2]
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7
(ii) An outbreak of a bacterial disease that affects only mosquito larvae occurred in the
pond. Predict and explain two of the effects this might have on the hydra
population.
For
Examiner's
Use
[4]
[Total: 8]
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8
5
Fig. 5.1 shows an experiment to investigate the conditions needed for germination.
For
Examiner's
Use
Tubes A, B, C and D are at room temperature and tube E is in a freezer.

A
black
card
oil
seeds
dry
cotton
wool
boiled
water
moist
cotton
wool
room temperature
moist
cotton
wool
in freezer
Fig. 5.1
(a) State three of the environmental conditions this experiment is investigating.
1.
2.
3.
[3]
(b) Predict in which two tubes the seeds will germinate.

[2]
(c) Nuclear and cell division happen during germination.

(i) Name the type of nuclear division that takes place during the growth of a seedling.
[1]
(ii) State how the number of chromosomes in each of the new cells compares with the
number of chromosomes in the original cells.
[1]
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9
(d) Fig. 5.2 shows the changes in the dry mass of a broad been seed in the first five days
after planting.
For
Examiner's
Use
dry
mass
/g
0
1
time after planting / days
Fig. 5.2
Describe and suggest an explanation for the changes that happen to the dry mass of
the seed in the first five days after planting.
[3]
[Total: 10]
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0610/21/M/J/10
[Turn over
10
6
Fig. 6.1 shows a fetus developing inside the uterus.
For
Examiner's
Use
M
N
O
Fig. 6.1
(a) The fetus developed from a fertilised egg cell. Place an X on the diagram where an egg
cell is normally fertilised.
[1]
(b) (i) Name the structures M and N.
M
N
[2]
(ii) Describe the role of structure M in gaseous exchange.
[3]
(c) Describe how the structures labelled O and P are involved in the birth of the baby.
structure O
structure P
[2]
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11
(d) (i) If a woman infected with HIV becomes pregnant, her baby may also be infected
with HIV, by the time it is born.
For
Examiner's
Use
Suggest two ways this may happen.
[2]
(ii) Apart from avoiding infections, describe two other ways that a pregnant mother
can help her baby develop healthily.
1.
2.
[2]
[Total: 12]
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12
BLANK PAGE
0610/21/M/J/10
13
7
Fig. 7.1 shows three different types of teeth from a human.
For
Examiner's
Use
Fig. 7.1
(a) (i) Name the types of teeth labelled A and B.
A
B
[2]
(ii) State where in the jaw tooth type C is found.

[1]
(b) Explain how regular brushing helps to prevent tooth decay.
[3]
(c) Explain the roles of chewing and of enzymes in the process of digestion.
[4]
[Total: 10]
UCLES 2010
0610/21/M/J/10
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14
8
Fig. 8.1 shows the route taken by blood around the body.
lungs
E
heart chamber A
heart chamber B
F
body organs
Fig. 8.1
(a) (i) Name the heart chambers A and B.
A
B
[2]
(ii) Use information shown in Fig. 8.1 to identify the type of blood vessel C as either an
artery or a vein.
type of vessel
reason
[2]
0610/21/M/J/10
15
(b) (i) State and explain two differences between the contents of the blood flowing in
vessels C and E.
For
Examiner's
Use
1.
2.
[2]
(ii) Suggest and explain which of the four blood vessels contains blood at the highest
pressure.
[2]
[Total: 8]
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16
9
(a) Name two human sense organs and an environmental stimulus that each detects.
For
Examiner's
Use
sense organ 1
stimulus it detects
sense organ 2
stimulus it detects
[2]
(b) (i) Tropisms occur in plants. State the meaning of the term tropism.
[2]
(ii) Complete Table 9.1 about tropisms in plants.

Table 9.1
stimulus
name of tropism
effect on plant shoot
gravity
light
[4]
[Total: 8]
Copyright Acknowledgements:
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*8576531277*
0610/22
BIOLOGY
May/June 2010
Paper 2 Core
1 hour 15 minutes
For Examiner's Use
question.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Total

IB10 06_0610_22/6RP
UCLES 2010
[Turn over
2
1
Fig.1.1 shows the shells of five molluscs.
For
Examiner's
Use
Fig.1.1
Use the key to identify each of the molluscs which normally live inside the shells.
Write the name of each mollusc in the correct box of Table 1.1.
As you work through the key, tick () the boxes in Table 1.1 to show how you identified
each mollusc.
Key
name of mollusc
go to 2
go to 3
1 (a) Shell made of two parts

(b) Shell made of one part only
Cardium
Venerupis
2 (a) Both shell halves have ridges running down the shell
(b) Both shell halves are smooth
go to 4
Patella
3 (a) Shell tightly coiled

(b) Shell conical with no coil
4 (a) Bottom coil less than a quarter of the length of the shell
(b) Bottom coil more than half of the length of the shell
Turritella
Buccinum
Table 1.1
1 (a)
1 (b)
2 (a)
2 (b)
3 (a)
3 (b)
4 (a)
4 (b)
name of mollusc
A
B
C
D
E
[4]
[Total: 4]
UCLES 2010
0610/22/M/J/10
3
2
(a) Humans need a supply of mineral salts, such as calcium and iron, in their diet.
For
Examiner's
Use
(i) State a role of calcium ions in the human body.

[1]
(ii) State a role of iron ions in the human body.
[1]
(b) Fertilisers are used by farmers to increase the growth of crop plants.
The fertilisers contain a mixture of mineral salts.
(i) State a use of magnesium ions in a plant.
[1]
(ii) State a use of nitrate ions in a plant.
[1]
(c) A factory that produces fertilisers is located next to a small river. At the end of each
week its machinery is washed out and the contaminated water is released into the
river.
Suggest what effects this action could have on the plants and animals living in the river.
[4]
[Total: 8]
UCLES 2010
0610/22/M/J/10
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4
3
A species of plant has white-flowered plants and blue-flowered plants.

If a homozygous white-flowered plant was crossed with a blue-flowered plant, all the seeds
produced plants with only blue flowers.
(a) State which flower colour is controlled by the dominant allele and explain your reason
for this answer.
[1]
(b) Use the symbols, B and b, to represent the two alleles for flower colours.
(i) State the genotype of each parent plant.
blue-flowered plant
white-flowered plant
[2]
(ii) State the genotype of the offspring.

[1]
(iii) Draw a genetic diagram to predict the likely results of a cross between one of the
blue-flowered offspring and a white-flowered plant.
[4]
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0610/22/M/J/10
For
Examiner's
Use
Question 3 continues on Page 6
0610/22/M/J/10
[Turn over
6
(c) Fig. 3.1 shows a cob of a maize plant.
For
Examiner's
Use
grains containing
seeds
Fig. 3.1
Fig. 3.2 shows the length of the cobs formed by a number of different maize plants.
All the plants were grown from seeds from one original cob.
70
60
50
40
number
of cobs
30
20
10
10
11
12
13
14
length of cob / cm
Fig. 3.2
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0610/22/M/J/10
15
16
17
18
19
7
(i) Explain the evidence visible in Fig. 3.2, that shows that this is continuous variation.
For
Examiner's
Use
[1]
(ii) Suggest three environmental factors that might affect the length of the maize cobs.
1.
2.
3.
[3]
(iii) Explain how the type of variation shown by the maize cobs differs from that shown
by the blue and white flowers.
[1]
[Total 13]
0610/22/M/J/10
[Turn over
8
4
In the Arctic, snowy owls are predators of lemmings. The lemmings eat arctic plants.
For
Examiner's
Use
(a) Draw the food chain for this arctic ecosystem.

[1]
(b) Fig. 4.1 shows changes in the populations of snowy owls and lemmings over a three
year period.
10
lemmings
9
8
snowy owls
7
hundreds
of lemmings
per km2
5
4
number
of owls
per km2
3
2
1
0
year 1
year 2
year 3
Fig. 4.1
(i) During the first 10 months of year 1 the lemming population increases slowly at
first and then more rapidly. Suggest why the rate of increase becomes greater.
[1]
(ii) Using information in Fig. 4.1, suggest why the lemming population falls during
year 2.
[2]
UCLES 2010
0610/22/M/J/10
9
(iii) Using information in Fig. 4.1, describe and explain how changes in the lemming
population affect the snowy owl population.
For
Examiner's
Use
[3]
(iv) If all the snowy owls were removed from the arctic ecosystem, suggest and explain
what effect this would have on the lemming population in the following years.
[3]
(c) Lemmings and snowy owls get their energy from the food they eat.
(i) What is the original source of all the energy in this ecosystem?
[1]
(ii) Name the process that first traps this energy.
[1]
[Total 12]
0610/22/M/J/10
[Turn over
10
5
(a) Fig. 5.1 shows the concentration of alcohol in the blood of a person over a number of
hours. During this time the person had several alcoholic drinks while eating a meal.
X
200
160
120
blood alcohol
concentration
/ mg per cm3
80
maximum
legal level
for driving
in Britain
40
0
8
pm
12
midnight
4
am
8
am
12
midday
4
pm
8
pm
time / hours
Fig. 5.1
In Britain it is illegal for a person to drive a vehicle with more than 80 mg of alcohol per
cm3 of blood.
(i) What is the highest concentration of alcohol in the persons blood?
mg of alcohol per cm3 of blood.
[1]
(ii) The alcohol in the blood is steadily broken down.

Name the organ of the body that breaks down alcohol.
[1]
(iii) The alcohol continues to be broken down at the same rate as between X and Y.
Complete the graph, by extending the line, until there is no alcohol in the persons
blood.
[1]
(iv) Use the graph to predict when the person would be able to legally drive a vehicle
again.
[1]
UCLES 2010
0610/22/M/J/10
For
Examiner's
Use
11
(b) (i) Alcohol is a depressant drug.
Explain how this could affect the ability of a person to drive a vehicle.
For
Examiner's
Use
[2]
(ii) State a longterm effect alcohol can have on two named organs.
organ 1
effect
organ 2
effect
[2]
(iii) Describe two social problems that can happen if a person becomes addicted to
alcohol.
1.
2.
[2]
[Total: 10]
0610/22/M/J/10
[Turn over
12
6
(a) Define asexual reproduction.
For
Examiner's
Use
[2]
(b) Fig. 6.1 shows a strawberry plant that can reproduce both asexually and sexually.
strawberry
flower
strawberry
pip containing
a seed
Fig. 6.1
(i) Name the type of cell division that happens only during sexual reproduction.
[1]
(ii) A farmer decided to increase the number of strawberry plants by asexual rather
than sexual reproduction.
Suggest a biological reason why the farmer may have decided this.
[1]
UCLES 2010
0610/22/M/J/10
13
(c) The strawberry flower has five large, white petals. Explain the importance of these
petals in the process of reproduction.
For
Examiner's
Use
[3]
(d) Seeds are often found inside brightly coloured, fleshy fruits.
Describe the advantage of fruits being coloured and fleshy.
[2]
[Total: 9]
0610/22/M/J/10
[Turn over
14
7
(a) (i)
Name the term that is used to describe the maintenance of a constant internal
environment.
For
Examiner's
Use
[1]
(ii) State two advantages to a mammal of maintaining a constant body temperature.

1.
2.
[2]
(b) Fig. 7.1 shows changes in a persons body temperature before, during and after a
period of exercise.
40
39
38
body
temperature
/ C
37
36
35
34
33
time
exercise
begins
ends
Fig. 7.1
(i) Using information from Fig. 7.1, state the normal body temperature of this person.
C.
[1]
(ii) Explain what is meant by the term vasodilation.
[1]
(iii) On Fig. 7.1, label with an X a point when vasodilation is having an effect on the
persons body temperature.
[1]
UCLES 2010
0610/22/M/J/10
15
(iv) Explain how vasodilation affects body temperature.
For
Examiner's
Use
[4]
[Total: 10]
(a) (i) Name the organ that makes bile.

[1]
(ii) State where bile is stored until it is released into the small intestine.
[1]
(iii) Name the organ that produces lipase and is joined to the small intestine.
[1]
(b) Describe the roles of bile and of lipase in the digestion of fats.
[3]
[Total: 6]
Question 9 is on the next page.
0610/22/M/J/10
[Turn over
16
9
(a) The air which is inhaled is different from that which is exhaled.
For
Examiner's
Use
Complete the following sentences about these differences.

(i) Inhaled air has more
than exhaled air.
(ii) Exhaled air has more
and
[1]
than inhaled air.
[2]
(iii) Inhaled air usually has a
temperature than exhaled air
[1]
(b) One of the gases present in inhaled and exhaled air is carbon dioxide.
Describe how you could test exhaled air for carbon dioxide and describe the result if
carbon dioxide is present.
test
result
[2]
(c) Gases enter and leave the blood by diffusion. Define diffusion.
[2]
[Total: 8]
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*4504127085*
0610/23
BIOLOGY
May/June 2010
Paper 2 Core
1 hour 15 minutes
For Examiner's Use
question.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Total

IB10 06_0610_23/FP
UCLES 2010
[Turn over
2
1
Fig.1.1 shows the shells of five molluscs.
For
Examiner's
Use
Fig.1.1
Use the key to identify each of the molluscs which normally live inside the shells.
Write the name of each mollusc in the correct box of Table 1.1.
As you work through the key, tick () the boxes in Table 1.1 to show how you identified
each mollusc.
Key
name of mollusc
1 (a) Shell made of two parts
(b) Shell made of one part only
go to 2
go to 3
2 (a) Both shell halves have ridges running down the shell
(b) Both shell halves are smooth
Cardium
Venerupis
3 (a) Shell tightly coiled

(b) Shell conical with no coil
go to 4
Patella
4 (a) Bottom coil less than a quarter of the length of the shell
(b) Bottom coil more than half of the length of the shell
Turritella
Buccinum
Table 1.1
1 (a)
1 (b)
2 (a)
2 (b)
3 (a)
3 (b)
4 (a)
4 (b)
name of mollusc
A
B
C
D
E
[4]
[Total: 4]
UCLES 2010
0610/23/M/J/10
[Turn over
3
2
(a) Humans need a supply of mineral salts, such as calcium and iron, in their diet.
For
Examiner's
Use
(i) State a role of calcium ions in the human body.

[1]
(ii) State a role of iron ions in the human body.
[1]
(b) Fertilisers are used by farmers to increase the growth of crop plants.
The fertilisers contain a mixture of mineral salts.
(i) State a use of magnesium ions in a plant.
[1]
(ii) State a use of nitrate ions in a plant.
[1]
(c) A factory that produces fertilisers is located next to a small river. At the end of each
week its machinery is washed out and the contaminated water is released into the
river.
Suggest what effects this action could have on the plants and animals living in the river.
[4]
[Total: 8]
UCLES 2010
0610/23/M/J/10
[Turn over
4
3
A species of plant has white-flowered plants and blue-flowered plants.

If a homozygous white-flowered plant was crossed with a blue-flowered plant, all the seeds
produced plants with only blue flowers.
For
Examiner's
Use
(a) State which flower colour is controlled by the dominant allele and explain your reason
for this answer.
[1]
(b) Use the symbols, B and b, to represent the two alleles for flower colours.
(i) State the genotype of each parent plant.
blue-flowered plant
white-flowered plant
[2]
(ii) State the genotype of the offspring.

[1]
(iii) Draw a genetic diagram to predict the likely results of a cross between one of the
blue-flowered offspring and a white-flowered plant.
[4]
UCLES 2010
0610/23/M/J/10
[Turn over
Question 3 continues on Page 6
0610/23/M/J/10
[Turn over
6
(c) Fig. 3.1 shows a cob of a maize plant.
grains containing
seeds
Fig. 3.1
Fig. 3.2 shows the length of the cobs formed by a number of different maize plants.
All the plants were grown from seeds from one original cob.
70
60
50
40
number
of cobs
30
20
10
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
length of cob / cm
Fig. 3.2
0610/23/M/J/10
[Turn over
7
(i) Explain the evidence visible in Fig. 3.2, that shows that this is continuous variation.
For
Examiner's
Use
[1]
(ii) Suggest three environmental factors that might affect the length of the maize cobs.
1.
2.
3.
[3]
(iii) Explain how the type of variation shown by the maize cobs differs from that shown
by the blue and white flowers.
[1]
[Total 13]
0610/23/M/J/10
[Turn over
8
4
In the Arctic, snowy owls are predators of lemmings. The lemmings eat arctic plants.
For
Examiner's
Use
(a) Draw the food chain for this arctic ecosystem.

[1]
(b) Fig. 4.1 shows changes in the populations of snowy owls and lemmings over a three
year period.
10
lemmings
9
8
snowy owls
7
hundreds
of lemmings
per km2
5
4
number
of owls
per km2
3
2
1
0
year 1
year 2
year 3
Fig. 4.1
(i) During the first 10 months of year 1 the lemming population increases slowly at
first and then more rapidly. Suggest why the rate of increase becomes greater.
[1]
(ii) Using information in Fig. 4.1, suggest why the lemming population falls during
year 2.
[2]
0610/23/M/J/10
[Turn over
9
(iii) Using information in Fig. 4.1, describe and explain how changes in the lemming
population affect the snowy owl population.
For
Examiner's
Use
[3]
(iv) If all the snowy owls were removed from the arctic ecosystem, suggest and explain
what effect this would have on the lemming population in the following years.
[3]
(c) Lemmings and snowy owls get their energy from the food they eat.
(i) What is the original source of all the energy in this ecosystem?
[1]
(ii) Name the process that first traps this energy.
[1]
[Total 12]
0610/23/M/J/10
[Turn over
10
5
(a) Fig. 5.1 shows the concentration of alcohol in the blood of a person over a number of
hours. During this time the person had several alcoholic drinks while eating a meal.
X
For
Examiner's
Use
200
160
120
blood alcohol
concentration
/ mg per cm3
80
maximum
legal level
for driving
in Britain
40
0
8
pm
12
midnight
4
am
8
am
12
midday
4
pm
8
pm
time / hours
Fig. 5.1
In Britain it is illegal for a person to drive a vehicle with more than 80 mg of alcohol per
cm3 of blood.
(i) What is the highest concentration of alcohol in the persons blood?
mg of alcohol per cm3 of blood.
[1]
(ii) The alcohol in the blood is steadily broken down.

Name the organ of the body that breaks down alcohol.
[1]
(iii) The alcohol continues to be broken down at the same rate as between X and Y.
Complete the graph, by extending the line, until there is no alcohol in the persons
blood.
[1]
(iv) Use the graph to predict when the person would be able to legally drive a vehicle
again.
[1]
0610/23/M/J/10
[Turn over
11
(b) (i) Alcohol is a depressant drug.
Explain how this could affect the ability of a person to drive a vehicle.
For
Examiner's
Use
[2]
(ii) State a longterm effect alcohol can have on two named organs.
organ 1
effect
organ 2
effect
[2]
(iii) Describe two social problems that can happen if a person becomes addicted to
alcohol.
1.
2.
[2]
[Total: 10]
0610/23/M/J/10
[Turn over
12
6
(a) Define asexual reproduction.
For
Examiner's
Use
[2]
(b) Fig. 6.1 shows a strawberry plant that can reproduce both asexually and sexually.
strawberry
flower
strawberry
pip containing
a seed
Fig. 6.1
(i) Name the type of cell division that happens only during sexual reproduction.
[1]
(ii) A farmer decided to increase the number of strawberry plants by asexual rather
than sexual reproduction.
Suggest a biological reason why the farmer may have decided this.
[1]
0610/23/M/J/10
[Turn over
13
(c) The strawberry flower has five large, white petals. Explain the importance of these
petals in the process of reproduction.
For
Examiner's
Use
[3]
(d) Seeds are often found inside brightly coloured, fleshy fruits.
Describe the advantage of fruits being coloured and fleshy.
[2]
[Total: 9]
0610/23/M/J/10
[Turn over
14
7
(a) (i)
Name the term that is used to describe the maintenance of a constant internal
environment.
For
Examiner's
Use
[1]
(ii) State two advantages to a mammal of maintaining a constant body temperature.

1.
2.
[2]
(b) Fig. 7.1 shows changes in a persons body temperature before, during and after a
period of exercise.
40
39
38
body
temperature
/ C
37
36
35
34
33
time
exercise
begins
ends
Fig. 7.1
(i) Using information from Fig. 7.1, state the normal body temperature of this person.
C.
[1]
(ii) Explain what is meant by the term vasodilation.
[1]
(iii) On Fig. 7.1, label with an X a point when vasodilation is having an effect on the
persons body temperature.
[1]
0610/23/M/J/10
[Turn over
15
(iv) Explain how vasodilation affects body temperature.
For
Examiner's
Use
[4]
[Total: 10]
(a) (i) Name the organ that makes bile.

[1]
(ii) State where bile is stored until it is released into the small intestine.
[1]
(iii) Name the organ that produces lipase and is joined to the small intestine.
[1]
(b) Describe the roles of bile and of lipase in the digestion of fats.
[3]
[Total: 6]
Question 9 is on the next page.
0610/23/M/J/10
[Turn over
16
9
(a) The air which is inhaled is different from that which is exhaled.
For
Examiner's
Use
Complete the following sentences about these differences.

(i) Inhaled air has more
than exhaled air.
(ii) Exhaled air has more
and
[1]
than inhaled air.
[2]
(iii) Inhaled air usually has a
temperature than exhaled air
[1]
(b) One of the gases present in inhaled and exhaled air is carbon dioxide.
Describe how you could test exhaled air for carbon dioxide and describe the result if
carbon dioxide is present.
test
result
[2]
(c) Gases enter and leave the blood by diffusion. Define diffusion.
[2]
[Total: 8]
UCLES 2010
0610/23/M/J/10
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0610/11
BIOLOGY
May/June 2011
45 minutes
*4543376409*

Soft clean eraser
SUITABLE FOR HEARING IMPAIRED CANDIDATES


IB11 06_0610_11_HI/FP
UCLES 2011
[Turn over
2
1
Which characteristic is shown when a person smells a gas in the air?

A
excretion
movement
respiration
sensitivity
The diagram shows four arthropods.
Pediculus 20
Anopheles 10
Dermacentor 7
Carcinus 0.5
How many of these arthropods are insects?

A
3
An organism has dry scales covering its body.

To which vertebrate group does it belong?
A
amphibian
fish
mammal
reptile
UCLES 2011
0610/11/M/J/11
3
4
Use the key to identify the animal.

1
has legs .............................................. go to 2

has no legs ......................................... go to 3
has a shell .......................................... animal A

has no shell ........................................ animal B
has one muscular foot ........................ animal C

has more than one foot ...................... animal D
The diagram shows four specialised cells.
liver cell
white blood cell
muscle cell
sperm cell
Which feature is not common to all of these cells?
cell membrane
cytoplasm
diploid number of chromosomes
nucleus
The diagram shows a plant cell.

P
Q
R
S
T
Which labelled structures are found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
A
P and Q
UCLES 2011
Q and R
R and S
0610/11/M/J/11
S and T
[Turn over
4
7
The diagram shows another plant cell.
Which feature shows that it is a palisade cell?
a large nucleus
a large vacuole
a thick cell wall
many chloroplasts
Which structures are adapted for supporting a plant?

A
phloem tissues
root hair cells
stomata
xylem vessels
Which describes the structure and function of a red blood cell?

structure
function
cell contents are dead
transport of water
has a nucleus
produces antibodies
has cilia
moves particles in the respiratory tract
has no nucleus
transport of substances
UCLES 2011
0610/11/M/J/11
5
10 Boiling potatoes destroys their cell membranes. A peeled, boiled potato strip is placed in a
concentrated solution of salts.
concentrated solution
of salts
boiled potato strip
What takes place?

osmosis
solute
diffusion
key:
= takes place
= does not take place
11 A red blood cell is placed in a concentrated sugar solution.

What happens and why?
A
The cell bursts as sugar molecules diffuse into it.
The cell bursts because the concentrated sugar solution enters it.
The cell shrinks because sugar molecules leave it.
The cell shrinks because water leaves it.
12 What are enzymes made of?

A
carbohydrates
DNA
fats
proteins
13 At which temperature do most enzymes from the human body become completely denatured?
A
0 C
UCLES 2011
27 C
40 C
0610/11/M/J/11
65 C
[Turn over
6
14 The graph shows pH changes in the mouth after eating.
pH
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
time after eating / minutes
Why is it a good idea to brush teeth after eating?

A
Acidic conditions help bacteria to grow.
Acids dissolve tooth enamel.
Alkaline conditions help bacteria to grow.
Alkalis dissolve tooth enamel.
15 What does photosynthesis form in a leaf first?

A
cellulose
protein
starch
sugar
16 Nutrients are made up of smaller basic units. Nutrients can be identified by food tests.
Which nutrient is a protein?
nutrient
smaller basic units
food test
amino acids
Benedicts test
amino acids
biuret test
sugars
Benedicts test
sugars
biuret test
UCLES 2011
0610/11/M/J/11
7
17 In which order does water pass through these structures in a plant?
A
mesophyll root hair xylem
mesophyll xylem root hair
root hair mesophyll xylem
root hair xylem mesophyll
18 Which two substances are transported in the phloem?

A
amino acids and protein
amino acids and sucrose
protein and starch
starch and sucrose
19 The diagram shows some parts from the blood of a mammal.

Which part would contain the breakdown products of bacterial cells?
A
UCLES 2011
0610/11/M/J/11
[Turn over
8
20 The graph shows the rate and depth of a persons breathing before exercise.
2.5
volume of air in 2.0
lungs during
breathing / dm3 1.5
1.0
0
4
time / s
Which graph shows the rate and depth of breathing of the same person immediately after a
period of exercise?
2.5
2.5

lungs during
breathing / dm3 1.5

lungs during
breathing / dm3 1.5
1.0
1.0
0
4
time / s
2.5
2.5

lungs during
breathing / dm3 1.5

lungs during
breathing / dm3 1.5
1.0
1.0
0
UCLES 2011
4
time / s
4
time / s
0610/11/M/J/11
4
time / s
9
21 The diagram shows changes in air pressure inside the lungs during a complete cycle of
breathing. Atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa.
Which position on the graph marks the point at which the ribs are beginning to be raised?
B
102
C
pressure
in lungs 101
/ kPa
A
D
100
time
22 Which statement about respiration is not correct?

A
All living cells respire.
Heat is always produced.
Plants respire in the light and in the dark.
Plants take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.
23 In which part of the body do drugs break down?

A
brain
heart
kidneys
liver
UCLES 2011
0610/11/M/J/11
[Turn over
10
24 The diagram shows a cell.
What type of cell is shown?

A
ciliated cell
motor neurone
relay neurone
sensory neurone
25 When a bright light is shone into the eye, the diameter of the pupil decreases.
What is this an example of?
A
accommodation
a simple reflex
photosynthesis
voluntary response
26 The diagram shows a pod from a pea plant.

Which line correctly shows the path that was taken by a pollen tube to an ovule?
A
key
path taken
by pollen tube
UCLES 2011
0610/11/M/J/11
11
27 The diagram shows a developing human fetus within the uterus.
uterus wall
fetus
What is a main function of X?

A
passing faeces to the mother
passing oxygen to the fetus
passing the mothers blood to the fetus
protecting the fetus from knocks
28 Which process does not involve an increase in dry mass?

A
a bacterium getting larger before it divides
a fetus developing inside the uterus
a green shoot growing towards light
a seed germinating under the ground
UCLES 2011
0610/11/M/J/11
[Turn over
12
29 The diagram shows four flasks which were set up to investigate the conditions needed for
germination.
In which experiment will the seeds germinate most quickly?
A
seeds
seeds
cotton
wool
dry
cotton
wool
damp
cotton
wool
boiled
water
stored at 18 C
stored at 18 C
stored at 18 C
stored at 2 C
30 What is always found in female gametes and may be found in male gametes?
A
one X chromosome
one Y chromosome
two X chromosomes
one X chromosome and one Y chromosome
31 In rabbits, the allele for dark fur, R, is dominant to the allele for white fur, r.
The diagram shows a cross between a rabbit with dark fur and a rabbit with white fur.
What are the genotypes of the offspring?

A
Rr and rr
UCLES 2011
RR and rr
RR and Rr
0610/11/M/J/11
R and r
13
eagle
rabbit fleas
voles
fruit and seeds
mice
rabbits
tree seedlings
grass
Which of the following is a food chain in this web?

A
grass rabbits eagle
grass voles eagle
rabbit fleas rabbits grass
seeds voles mice
33 In one habitat, hyaenas eat antelopes and antelopes eat grass.

What is the source of energy for the grass?
A
antelopes
carbon dioxide
hyaenas
the Sun
UCLES 2011
0610/11/M/J/11
[Turn over
14
34 A single tree is food for a large population of caterpillars. Several small birds eat the caterpillars.
A bird of prey eats the small birds.
Which diagram shows the pyramid of numbers for this food chain?
carbon dioxide
in the air
Which process is taking place at X?

A
combustion
decomposition
photosynthesis
respiration
UCLES 2011
0610/11/M/J/11
15
Which arrow represents condensation?
clouds
A
water vapour
plants
soil
C
river
37 Some bacteria were grown in a nutrient solution over a period of two weeks. The graph shows
how the population of bacteria changed during this time.
Which is the lag phase in the growth of this population?
C
population
size
A
0
time / weeks
38 Weeds are growing in a crop.

What should be used to kill the weeds?
A
artificial fertiliser
herbicide
magnesium salts
organic manure
UCLES 2011
0610/11/M/J/11
[Turn over
16
39 A large area is heavily overgrazed for many years.
How does this affect soil nutrients and soil erosion?
soil nutrients
soil erosion
decrease
decrease
decrease
increase
increase
decrease
increase
increase
40 The diagram shows some of the effects of human activity on a river.
bacteria use up
dissolved oxygen
water weeds
grow quickly
fish die from

lack of oxygen
What could have caused these effects?

A
air pollution
deforestation
over-use of fertilisers
presence of weed killers
UCLES 2011
0610/11/M/J/11
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0610/12
BIOLOGY
May/June 2011
45 minutes
*4625240491*

Soft clean eraser


IB11 06_0610_12/FP
UCLES 2011
[Turn over
2
1
The diagram shows a food web.

eagle
rabbit fleas
voles
fruit and seeds
mice
tree seedlings
rabbits
grass
Which of the following is a food chain in this web?
grass rabbits eagle
grass voles eagle
rabbit fleas rabbits grass
seeds voles mice
In a particular habitat, hyaenas eat antelopes and grass is eaten by antelopes.

What is the source of energy for the grass?
A
antelopes
carbon dioxide
hyaenas
the Sun
UCLES 2011
0610/12/M/J/11
3
3
A single tree is food for a large population of caterpillars. Several small birds eat the caterpillars.
The small birds are eaten by a bird of prey.
Which diagram shows the pyramid of numbers for this food chain?
The diagram shows some of the effects of human activity on a river.
bacteria use up
dissolved oxygen
water weeds
grow quickly
fish die from

lack of oxygen
What could have caused these effects?

A
air pollution
deforestation
over-use of fertilisers
presence of weed killers
UCLES 2011
0610/12/M/J/11
[Turn over
4
5
A large area is heavily overgrazed for many years.

What is the effect on soil nutrients and soil erosion?
soil nutrients
soil erosion
decrease
decrease
decrease
increase
increase
decrease
increase
increase
An organism has dry scales covering its body.

To which vertebrate group does it belong?
amphibian
fish
mammal
reptile
Use the key to identify the animal.

1
has legs .............................................. go to 2

has no legs ......................................... go to 3
has a shell .......................................... animal A

has no shell ........................................ animal B
has one muscular foot ........................ animal C

has more than one foot ...................... animal D
What are enzymes made of?

A
carbohydrates
DNA
fats
proteins
UCLES 2011
0610/12/M/J/11
5
9
At which temperature do most enzymes from the human body become completely denatured?
A
0 C
27 C
40 C
65 C
10 The diagram shows a developing human fetus within the uterus.
uterus wall
fetus
What is a main function of X?

A
passing faeces to the mother
passing oxygen to the fetus
passing the mothers blood to the fetus
protecting the fetus from knocks
11 The diagram shows a pod from a pea plant.

Which line correctly shows the path that was taken by a pollen tube to an ovule?
A
key
path taken
by pollen tube
UCLES 2011
0610/12/M/J/11
[Turn over
6
12 In rabbits, the allele for dark fur, R, is dominant to the allele for white fur, r.
The diagram shows a cross between a rabbit with dark fur and a rabbit with white fur.
What are the genotypes of the offspring?

A
Rr and rr
RR and rr
RR and Rr
R and r
13 What is always found in female gametes and may be found in male gametes?
A
one X chromosome
one Y chromosome
two X chromosomes
one X chromosome and one Y chromosome
14 In which order does water pass through these structures in a plant?

A
mesophyll root hair xylem
mesophyll xylem root hair
root hair mesophyll xylem
root hair xylem mesophyll
15 Which pair of substances is transported in the phloem?

A
amino acids and protein
amino acids and sucrose
protein and starch
starch and sucrose
UCLES 2011
0610/12/M/J/11
7
16 What is formed first in a leaf as a result of photosynthesis?
A
cellulose
protein
starch
sugar
17 The diagram illustrates changes in air pressure taking place inside the lungs during a complete
cycle of breathing. Atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa.
Which position on the graph corresponds to the point at which the ribs are beginning to be
raised?
B
102
C
pressure
in lungs 101
/ kPa
A
D
100
time
UCLES 2011
0610/12/M/J/11
[Turn over
8
18 The graph shows the rate and depth of a persons breathing before exercise.
2.5
lungs during
breathing / dm3 1.5
1.0
0
4
time / s
Which graph shows the rate and depth of breathing of the same person immediately after a
period of exercise?
2.5
2.5

lungs during
breathing / dm3 1.5

lungs during
breathing / dm3 1.5
1.0
1.0
0
4
time / s
2.5
2.5

lungs during
breathing / dm3 1.5

lungs during
breathing / dm3 1.5
1.0
1.0
0
UCLES 2011
4
time / s
4
time / s
0610/12/M/J/11
4
time / s
9
19 The diagram shows four arthropods.
Pediculus 20
Anopheles 10
Dermacentor 7
Carcinus 0.5
How many of these arthropods are insects?

A
UCLES 2011
0610/12/M/J/11
[Turn over
10
carbon dioxide
in the air
Which process is taking place at X?

A
combustion
decomposition
photosynthesis
respiration

clouds
A
water vapour
plants
C
river
UCLES 2011
0610/12/M/J/11
soil
11
22 Which characteristic is shown when a person detects a gas in the air by its smell?
A
excretion
movement
respiration
sensitivity
23 Which statement about respiration is not correct?

A
All living cells respire.
Heat is always produced.
Plants respire in the light and in the dark.
Plants take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.
24 Which process does not involve an increase in dry mass?

A
a bacterium getting larger before it divides
a fetus developing inside the uterus
a green shoot growing towards light
a seed germinating under the ground
25 The diagram shows four flasks which were set up to investigate the conditions needed for
germination.
In which experiment will the seeds germinate most quickly?
A
seeds
seeds
cotton
wool
dry
cotton
wool
damp
cotton
wool
boiled
water
stored at 18 C
UCLES 2011
stored at 18 C
0610/12/M/J/11
stored at 18 C
stored at 2 C
[Turn over
12
26 Some bacteria were grown in a nutrient solution over a period of two weeks. The graph shows
how the population of bacteria changed during this time.
Which is the lag phase in the growth of this population?
C
population
size
A
0
time / weeks
27 The diagram shows a plant cell.

P
Q
R
S
T
Which labelled structures are found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
A
P and Q
UCLES 2011
Q and R
R and S
0610/12/M/J/11
S and T
13
28 The diagram shows another plant cell.
Which feature indicates that it is a palisade cell?

A
a large nucleus
a large vacuole
a thick cell wall
many chloroplasts
29 Which structures are adapted for supporting a plant?

A
phloem tissues
root hair cells
stomata
xylem vessels
30 The diagram shows some parts from the blood of a mammal.

Which part would contain the breakdown products of bacterial cells?
A
UCLES 2011
0610/12/M/J/11
[Turn over
14
31 Which describes the structure and function of a red blood cell?
structure
function
cell contents are dead
transport of water
has a nucleus
produces antibodies
has cilia
moves particles in the respiratory tract
has no nucleus
transport of substances
32 Boiling potatoes destroys their cell membranes. A peeled, boiled potato strip is placed in a
concentrated solution of salts.
concentrated solution
of salts
boiled potato strip
What takes place?

osmosis
solute
diffusion
key:
= takes place
= does not take place
33 A red blood cell is placed in a concentrated sugar solution.

What happens and why?
A
The cell bursts as sugar molecules diffuse into it.
The cell bursts because the concentrated sugar solution enters it.
The cell shrinks because sugar molecules leave it.
The cell shrinks because water leaves it.
UCLES 2011
0610/12/M/J/11
15
34 Nutrients are made up of smaller basic units. Nutrients can be identified by food tests.
Which nutrient is a protein?
nutrient
smaller basic units
food test
amino acids
Benedicts test
amino acids
biuret test
sugars
Benedicts test
sugars
biuret test
35 In which part of the body does the breakdown of drugs occur?

A
brain
heart
kidneys
liver
36 The graph shows pH changes in the mouth after eating.
pH
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
time after eating / minutes
Why is it a good idea to brush teeth after eating?

A
Acidic conditions help bacteria to grow.
Acids dissolve tooth enamel.
Alkaline conditions help bacteria to grow.
Alkalis dissolve tooth enamel.
UCLES 2011
0610/12/M/J/11
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37 The diagram shows a cell.
What type of cell is shown?

A
ciliated cell
motor neurone
relay neurone
sensory neurone
38 The diagram shows four specialised cells.
liver cell
white blood cell
muscle cell
Which feature is not common to all of these cells?

A
cell membrane
cytoplasm
diploid number of chromosomes
nucleus
39 Weeds are growing in a crop.

What should be used to kill the weeds?
A
artificial fertiliser
herbicide
magnesium salts
organic manure
UCLES 2011
0610/12/M/J/11
sperm cell
17
40 When a bright light is shone into the eye, the diameter of the pupil decreases.
What is this an example of?
A
accommodation
a simple reflex
photosynthesis
voluntary response
UCLES 2011
0610/12/M/J/11
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UCLES 2011
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UCLES 2011
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UCLES 2011
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0610/01
BIOLOGY
May/June 2003
45 minutes

Soft clean eraser

Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the answer sheet in the spaces provided
There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question, there are four possible
answers, A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate answer sheet.

SP (SC/KN) S42065/4
CIE 2003
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CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

Which of the following lists contains only arthropods?
annelids, insects, myriapods
arachnids, crustaceans, myriapods
crustaceans, insects, molluscs
insects, myriapods, nematodes
The diagram shows a half-flower.
petal
stamen
ovary
Use the following key to identify the type of flower.

1
petals attached above the ovary ..

petals attached below the ovary ..
go to 2
go to 3
stamens less than ten

stamens more than ten .
type A
type B
sepals absent ..
sepals present .
type C
type D
0610/01/M/J/03
3
3
The diagram shows some external features of a rat.
Which features, seen in the diagram, show that a rat is a mammal?
diaphragm and lungs
fur and whiskers
legs and tail
milk and sweat production
The table shows features that may be found in living cells.

Which features are found in a liver cell?
large
central vacuole
chloroplasts
cellulose
cell wall
The diagram shows a section through a mesophyll cell of a leaf.

Which part is partially permeable?
A
B
C
D
0610/01/M/J/03
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4
6
The diagram shows four cells.

1
Which cells transport water?
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 4
3 and 4
In the pancreas, there are groups of cells that make insulin.

What describes these cells?
an organ in an organism
an organ system in an organism
cells within a cell wall
tissue in an organ
In an osmosis experiment, four potato strips, each 5 cm in length, were left in salt solutions of
different concentrations.
The table shows the lengths of the strips after 30 minutes.
Which salt solution was the most concentrated?
salt solution
length of strips after

30 minutes
4.5 cm
4.8 cm
5.0 cm
5.3 cm
0610/01/M/J/03
5
9
The diagram shows a section through a leaf.
X
By which process does carbon dioxide pass from X to Y?
A
diffusion
osmosis
translocation
transpiration
0610/01/M/J/03
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6
10 The graph shows how the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction changes with pH.
rate of
enzyme-controlled
reaction
4
pH
Which statement is correct?

A
This enzyme is destroyed by acidic conditions.
This enzyme works best in acidic conditions.
This enzyme works best in alkaline conditions.
This enzyme works best in neutral conditions.
11 Which kind of molecule could be an enzyme?

A
fat
glucose
protein
starch
0610/01/M/J/03
7
12 The table shows the mass of some nutrients found in 100 g of four different foods.
carbohydrate
/g
fat
/g
protein
/g
vit C
/ mg
vit D
/ mg
beans
10.0
0.4
5.0
3.0
0.0
bread
48.0
1.5
9.0
0.0
0.0
cheese
0.0
34.0
25.0
0.0
0.4
eggs
0.0
11.0
13.0
0.0
1.5
food
Which foods would best prevent rickets and scurvy?

rickets
scurvy
beans
bread
bread
cheese
cheese
eggs
eggs
beans
13 The diagram shows some food moving along the alimentary canal.
direction of
movement of
food
circular muscle
contracting
food moved
along
What is the name of the process that pushes the food along?
A
absorption
digestion
peristalsis
swallowing
0610/01/M/J/03
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8
Use this diagram, which shows a cross-section through a leaf, to answer questions 14 and 15.
B
C
14 Which cell type absorbs the most carbon dioxide during the day?
15 A leafy shoot is placed in a solution of red dye.

After 30 minutes, which part of a leaf from this shoot will contain the red dye?
16 The diagram shows cross-sections of three types of blood vessel (not drawn to the same scale).
What is the identity of the three vessels?

artery
capillary
vein
0610/01/M/J/03
9
17 What is happening in a bolus of food as it passes along the oesophagus?
A
Fats are being digested.
Fats are being emulsified.
Protein is being digested.
Starch is being digested.
18 The photograph shows some blood as seen under the microscope.
What is the function of the cell labelled X?

A
blood clotting
carrying oxygen
defending against disease
transporting hormones
0610/01/M/J/03
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10
19 The roots of green plants take up nitrates from the soil.
What are the nitrates used to make?
A
fat
glucose
protein
starch
20 Which substance in cigarette smoke causes lung cancer?

A
carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
nicotine
tar
21 Why does anaerobic respiration by yeast release less energy than aerobic respiration?
A
Energy is lost in carbon dioxide.
Energy is lost in oxygen.
Energy remains trapped in ethanol.
Energy remains trapped in lactic acid.
22 In which organ are excess amino acids broken down?

A
bladder
brain
kidneys
liver
0610/01/M/J/03
11
Which part contains muscles?
A
B
C
D
24 The diagram shows a germinated bean seed with a horizontal radicle. This is placed on a slowly
rotating disc and is left for three days.
electric motor
slowly rotating disc
radicle
bean seed
Which diagram shows the appearance of the radicle after three days?
A
0610/01/M/J/03
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12
25 The diagram shows the male reproductive system.
Where is testosterone produced?
26 The diagram shows stages in the life of a human from zygote to fetus.
Which processes occur during these stages?

fertilisation
growth
development
0610/01/M/J/03
13
27 The diagram shows stages of a menstrual cycle.
During which stage is a woman most fertile?
kdown of
breaus lining
uter
m
en
str
u
at
ion
n
ke
ing
of
ute
ru s l i
n in g
sl
ru
th
ic
ovulatio
n
uterine repa
ir
g
inin
thicke
n
e
d
ut
e
28
The diagram shows a germinating bean seed with the seed coat removed.
X
Y
Z
What are the structures X, Y and Z?

structure
X
cotyledon
radicle
plumule
plumule
cotyledon
radicle
plumule
radicle
cotyledon
radicle
plumule
cotyledon
0610/01/M/J/03
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14
29 Which are needed for seed germination?
A
carbon dioxide and oxygen
chlorophyll and light
soil particles and mineral salts
water and a suitable temperature
30 The nucleus in each cell in the stem of a plant contains 32 chromosomes.

How many chromosomes are there in the nuclei of its pollen grains?
A
16
32
64
31 A heterozygous, brown-eyed woman and a blue-eyed man have a child.

If the allele for brown eyes is dominant to the allele for blue eyes, what are the chances that the
child is blue-eyed?
A
1 in 2
1 in 3
1 in 4
none
32 A female fruit fly with short wings mates with a male with long wings. All the offspring are longwinged.
Two of these offspring mate with each other.
What percentage of their offspring will have long wings?
A
25 %
50 %
75 %
0610/01/M/J/03
100 %
15
33 The diagram shows a simple food chain.
1
green plants
chickens
3
wild dogs
Which process releases the energy which is then lost at 1, 2 and 3?

A
evaporation
photosynthesis
respiration
translocation
34 The diagram shows another simple food chain.

Which is the primary (first) consumer?
A
solar energy
grass
caterpillar
bird

clouds
C
water vapour
plants
soil
A
river
0610/01/M/J/03
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16
36 The diagram shows the release of a gas into the atmosphere from different sources.
Sun
soil
urine sheep
tree
What is this gas?

A
carbon dioxide
nitrogen
oxygen
water vapour
37 The diagram shows part of a food web.

snakes
badgers
frogs
hedgehogs
worms
slugs
plants
What is most likely to increase the size of the frog population?

A
fewer hedgehogs
fewer worms
more badgers
more snakes
0610/01/M/J/03
17
38 The diagram shows how some land near a lake is used.
rain
forest
land for
grazing
cattle
land for
growing
crops
lake
silt
Which of the following is most likely to cause the lake to flood?

A
cutting down the forest
removing the cattle
taking the silt out of the lake
using pesticides on the crops
39 The diagram shows part of a food chain in a lake.

single-celled
photosynthetic
organism
small
crustacean
carnivorous
bird
frog
The chart shows the concentration of a pesticide in the bodies of each organism in the chain.
Which organism on the chart is the frog?
concentration
of pesticide
organism
0610/01/M/J/03
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18
40 The diagram shows an area being developed for industry and agriculture.
fertilisers, herbicides and

pesticides applied to the land
smoke
containing
sulphur dioxide
factory
trees being cut down to

provide agricultural land
lake
Which would be the most likely to cause an initial increase in plant life in the lake?
A
fertilisers
herbicides
pesticides
smoke
0610/01/M/J/03
19
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0610/01/M/J/03
20
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0610/01/M/J/03
Name
ap
eP
e
tr
.X
Candidate Number
Centre Number
0610/02
BIOLOGY
Paper 2
May/June 2003
1 hour
No additional materials are required.

Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
For Examiners Use
1
2
3
4
5
If you have been given a label, look at the
details. If any details are incorrect or
missing, please fill in your correct details
in the space given at the top of this page.
Stick your personal label here, if
provided.
6
7
8
9
Total

SP (AT/KN) S42063/3
CIE 2003
[Turn over
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For
Examiners
Use
2
1
Respiration is a characteristic of living organisms.

(a) State three other characteristics of living organisms.
1. ......................................................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................................................
3. ..................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) A remote control deep-sea probe collected mud from the seabed at a depth of 8000 m.
The mud was thought to contain living microorganisms.
Suggest an investigation you might carry out which would indicate whether respiring
microorganisms are present in a sample of the mud.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[4]
[Total : 7]
0610/2/M/J/03
For
Examiners
Use
3
2
(a) Fig. 2.1 shows a sugar cane flower that is wind pollinated.
X
Fig. 2.1
(i)
Name structures X and Y.

X ...............................................................................................................................
Y ...........................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Explain how a feature, visible in Fig. 2.1, suggests that this flower is wind
pollinated.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(iii)
Suggest two other features in which the sugar cane flower might be different from
an insect-pollinated flower.
1. ...............................................................................................................................
2. ...........................................................................................................................[2]
0610/2/M/J/03
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4
(b) Fig. 2.2 shows the dispersal of winged fruits around a tree in open grassland. Samples
were taken along straight lines at 5 metre intervals.
N
62
NW
NE
70
80
89
99
15
19
26
31
104
25
92
79
72
61
5m
10 m
19
10
15 m
20 m
25 m
SW
SE
2
Key
position of tree
numbers show
how many fruits
were collected
in 1 m2
Fig. 2.2
(i)
From which direction does the wind usually blow?

...............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
Explain how you arrived at your answer.

...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(iii)
Suggest a reason, other than the wind, that might affect the distribution of these
fruits.
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[1]
[Total : 9]
0610/2/M/J/03
For
Examiners
Use
For
Examiners
Use
5
3
Fig. 3.1 shows the carbon cycle.
carbon dioxide
in the air
carbohydrates and proteins

in dead organic matter
death
carbohydrates and
proteins in animals
carbon compounds in fossil

fuels e.g. oil and coal
death
carbohydrates and proteins

in green plants
Fig. 3.1
(a) Label one arrow in each case to show where each of the following processes occur in
the carbon cycle.
(i)
Combustion using the letter C
[1]
(ii)
Decomposition using the letter D
[1]
(iii)
Photosynthesis using the letter P
[1]
(iv)
Respiration using the letter R
[1]
0610/2/M/J/03
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6
(b) Many environmentalists are concerned by the extent of deforestation that is happening
throughout the world.
Suggest how deforestation might affect
(i)
the carbon cycle;

...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)
the water cycle.

...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
[Total : 8]
0610/2/M/J/03
For
Examiners
Use
For
Examiners
Use
7
4
Fig. 4.1 shows a typical animal cell and a typical plant cell.
Fig. 4.1
(a) (i)
Name the parts of the cells labelled A and B.

A ...............................................................................................................................
B ...........................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)
Label on the diagram, with a letter C, another structure that occurs in both cells. [1]
(b) For each of the following types of cell, state one way in which it is different from the
animal cell in Fig. 4.1. State the function of each type of cell.
(i)
cell lining the trachea (windpipe)

difference ..................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
function .....................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)
red blood cell

difference ..................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
function .....................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
0610/2/M/J/03
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For
Examiners
Use
8
(c) Materials can enter the cells shown in Fig. 4.1 by diffusion and osmosis.
(i)
Define diffusion.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)
Describe how osmosis differs from diffusion.

...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
[Total : 11]
0610/2/M/J/03
For
Examiners
Use
9
5
(a) Complete the following passage using only words from the list below.
diploid
gametes
haploid
meiosis
mitosis
red blood cells
The transfer of inherited characteristics to new cells and new individuals depends on
two types of cell division.
During ..............................................., the chromosomes are duplicated exactly and
............................................... cells are produced.
However, during ..............................................., the chromosome sets are first
duplicated and then halved producing ............................................... cells. These cells
will become ............................................... .
[5]
(b) Using a labelled, genetic diagram, explain the inheritance of the sex of an individual.
[4]
[Total : 9]
0610/2/M/J/03
[Turn over
For
Examiners
Use
10
6
(a) Using a single line in each case, link each definition to the correct process.
definition
process
getting rid of fibre

(roughage) from an
animal
digestion
egestion
large food molecules
broken down into
simple substances
excretion
taking in food into an
animals alimentary
canal
ingestion
[3]
(b) Fig. 6.1 shows the alimentary canal and associated organs.
Fig. 6.1
On Fig. 6.1, label the sites of each of the following processes.
(i)
absorption of water
[1]
(ii)
bile production
[1]
(iii)
glycogen storage
[1]
(iv)
lipase production
[1]
[Total : 7]
0610/2/M/J/03
For
Examiners
Use
11
7
Fig. 7.1 shows the eye in section.
Fig. 7.1
(a) State the function of each of the labelled parts of the eye.
A .......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
B .......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
C .......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
D .......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[4]
0610/2/M/J/03
[Turn over
For
Examiners
Use
12
(b) Fig. 7.2 shows two external views of the eye.
changes
to
Fig. 7.2
The change shown in Fig. 7.2 happens when certain drugs are present in the blood.
Suggest how this could affect a persons vision.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total : 6]
0610/2/M/J/03
For
Examiners
Use
13
8
(a) Translocation and transpiration are processes that occur in plants.

Describe each of these processes.
translocation .....................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
transpiration .....................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[4]
(b) Fig. 8.1 shows an investigation that was set up and left for 30 hours.
pale green leaf
leaf stalk
red dye
Fig. 8.1
At the end of this time, the leaf had become red.
Suggest an explanation for this result.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[4]
[Total : 8]
0610/2/M/J/03
[Turn over
For
Examiners
Use
14
9
Fig. 9.1 shows some parts of an ecosystem.
zebra eats
grass
energy
Fig. 9.1
(a) (i)
In what form is energy passed from the Sun to the grass?

...............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
In what form is energy passed from the grass to the zebra?

...............................................................................................................................[1]
(b) When the zebra dies, the energy in its body is released by decomposers.
(i)
Name one group of microorganisms involved in this process.

...............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
Suggest in what form most of the energy is finally passed to the environment.
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Why is the movement of energy in an ecosystem described as a flow and not as a
cycle?
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total : 5]
0610/2/M/J/03
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0610/2/M/J/03
16
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0610/2/M/J/03
Name
ap
eP
e
tr
.X
Candidate Number
Centre Number
0610/03
BIOLOGY
Paper 3
May/June 2003
1 hour 15 minutes
Additional Materials: Answer Paper

Write your Centre number, Candidate Number and Name on all the work you hand in.
Section A
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
Section B
Answer any two questions.
Write your answers on the separate Answer Paper provided.
At the end of the examination,
1. fasten all your work securely together;
2. enter the numbers of the Section B questions you have answered in the grid below.
For Examiners Use

Section A
Section B

provided.
Total
SP (AT/KN) S41697/2
CIE 2003
[Turn over
om
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For
Examiners
Use
2
Section A
Answer all the questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Fig. 1.1 shows an incomplete diagram of the female urinary system.

to
heart
from
heart
kidney
bladder
Fig. 1.1
(a) On Fig. 1.1, draw and label the following parts:
renal artery, urethra and ureter.
[4]
(b) Name three components that are present in the urine of a healthy person.
1. ......................................................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................................................
3. ..................................................................................................................................[3]
0610/3/M/J/03
For
Examiners
Use
3
(c) If the kidneys fail, the patient may be put on a kidney machine.
Explain how a kidney machine works.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[4]
(d) The kidneys are part of the bodys homeostatic mechanism.
(i)
Define homeostasis.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)
Outline the role of the kidneys in homeostasis.

...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(iii)
Name another organ of the body also involved with homeostasis and outline its
role.
name of organ ...........................................................................................................
role ............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[3]
[Total : 18]
0610/3/M/J/03
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4
2
A study was carried out to compare the amount of tooth decay in the children of two different
towns. Town A had drinking water containing fluoride at a concentration of 2 parts per
million. Town B had no fluoride in its drinking water.
Fig. 2.1 shows the results of the study, but the graph is incomplete.
50
town A
40
town B
%
children
30
20
10
10
11-19
number of decayed teeth

Fig. 2.1
(a) Complete Fig. 2.1, using the following data.
(b) (i)
town
number of decayed teeth
% children
13
[2]
For town B, state the percentage of children with three decayed teeth.
...............................................................................................................................[1]
0610/3/M/J/03
For
Examiners
Use
5
(ii)
For town A, calculate the total percentage of children with less than five decayed
teeth. Show your working.
For
Examiners
Use
total percentage .................................................[2]

(c) (i)
What conclusion, relating to the effect of fluoride, can be drawn from this study?
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
Based on your conclusion, what recommendation should be given to town B?

...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(iii)
Explain why some people may object to this recommendation.

...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[1]
[Total : 8]
0610/3/M/J/03
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6
3
The seaweed, Caulerpa taxifolia, lives in tropical oceans but is now also found in the
Mediterranean sea, where it grows at twice the rate of local seaweeds. As a result, the local
seaweeds are becoming rare.
Although not poisonous, Caulerpa produces a chemical in its cells that makes it inedible to
Mediterranean herbivores, such as sea urchins. They do not feed on it and their numbers are
decreasing. Carnivorous fish populations have also decreased by up to 50 %.
Marine conservationists are very concerned. At first they used chlorine to kill Caulerpa but
are now considering the introduction of tropical sea slugs (herbivorous molluscs). Caulerpa
is part of their natural diet.
(a) The seaweed, Caulerpa taxifolia, is named using the binomial system.
Explain the term binomial system.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) (i)
Suggest why the local seaweeds are becoming rare.

...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)
Sea urchins are herbivores. Define the term herbivore.

...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(iii)
Suggest why the populations of carnivorous fish have decreased by up to 50%.

...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(c) Suggest why using chlorine to kill Caulerpa might not be a good idea.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
0610/3/M/J/03
For
Examiners
Use
7
(d) (i)
Suggest why conservationists are concerned about the effects of Caulerpa on

other organisms in the Mediterranean.
For
Examiners
Use
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)
Explain how the introduction of herbivorous sea slugs from the tropics could be
effective in re-establishing a balanced ecosystem.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(iii)
Outline the possible dangers of introducing tropical sea slugs.

...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
[Total : 14]
0610/3/M/J/03
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For
Examiners
Use
8
Section B
Answer any two questions.
Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided.
(a) (i)
Describe the main similarities between insects and arachnids.
[3]
(ii) By means of a table, show the differences between insects and arachnids.
(b) Suggest and explain how a named insect could evolve over a period of time.
[5]
[7]
[Total : 15]
(a) Explain why, in some parts of the world, not enough food is available to feed the people
living there.
[10]
(b) Describe the uses of hormones in food production.
[5]
[Total : 15]
(a) Explain the term codominance.
[3]
(b) Using a suitably labelled genetic diagram, explain how a baby can have blood group O
[6]
(IoIo) when its mother is group A and its father is group B.
(c) (i)
(ii)
Describe and explain what could happen when blood of different groups is mixed.
[3]
Describe and explain the role of the placenta in relation to this problem.
[3]
[Total : 15]
(a) State the functions of five named parts of the male reproductive system.
(b) (i)
(ii)
[5]
Explain how sperm, deposited in the vagina during sexual intercourse, reach an
egg.
[4]
Describe the process of fertilisation.
(c) Outline the ways in which HIV can be prevented from spreading.
[3]
[3]
[Total : 15]
0610/3/M/J/03
Name
ap
eP
e
tr
.X
Candidate Number
Centre Number
0610/05
Paper 5 Practical Test

May/June 2003
1 hour
As listed in Instructions to Supervisors.

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided at the top of this page.

provided.
FOR EXAMINERS USE

1
2
TOTAL
This document consists of 7 printed pages and a Supervisors Report.

SP (SC/KS) S40211/5
CIE 2003
[Turn over
om
.c
BIOLOGY
s
er

2
1
For
Examiners
Use
You are provided with two samples of bread dough in test-tubes, labelled S1 and S2.
Do not remove the dough from the tubes.
Support the tubes vertically and measure the highest level of the dough in each tube
immediately and note the time on the clock.
Record these heights and the time the readings were taken in the space below.
(a) At 5 minute intervals over the next 30 minutes, measure the levels of the dough for S1
and S2. Record the heights and times in a suitable table in the space below.
You should start Question 2 whilst you continue with your readings.
[5]
0610/05/M/J/03
3
(b) On the grid below, plot your measurements for S1 and S2 as two curves on one set of
axes.
For
Examiners
Use
[6]
(c) Describe the two curves on the graph for both dough samples, S1 and S2.
S1 .....................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
S2 .....................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[3]
0610/05/M/J/03
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4
(d) The two dough samples are similar in content of flour and water but dough sample S1
also contains yeast and a small amount of sugar.
Use this information to explain your recorded data.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[6]
[Total : 20]
2
(a) You are provided with a test tube S3 containing a material similar to mollusc secretion,
suspended in water.
Test the contents of the tube for the presence of protein.
(i)
Record your results in the table below.

Observation after testing for protein
Conclusion
S3
[2]
(ii) Describe how you carried out the test for protein.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
0610/05/M/J/03
For
Examiners
Use
For
Examiners
Use
(b) You have been provided with specimen S4.
Take care not to touch or disturb the animal.

Examine the specimen carefully, using the hand lens.
(i)
Make a large, labelled drawing of S4 in the space below.

Label those features which enable you to recognise this specimen as a mollusc.
[6]
(ii)
Measure the length of specimen S4 and your drawing of specimen S4. Calculate
the magnification of your drawing.
length of specimen S4 ..............................................................................................
length of your drawing of specimen S4 ....................................................................
magnification .............................................................................................................
[2]
0610/05/M/J/03
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6
(c) It has been suggested that the body temperature of molluscs is the same as the
temperature of their environment.
Fig. 2.1 shows some snails in a beaker.
Fig. 2.1
Plan, but do not carry out, an experiment to find out if the temperature of the snails in
the beaker in Fig. 2.1 is the same as their environment.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[3]
0610/05/M/J/03
For
Examiners
Use
7
(d) Specimen S5 is part of a mollusc and was formed by the animal when it was alive.
(i)
Describe the appearance and structure of specimen S5.

...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii)
Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with calcium carbonate to produce carbon dioxide
gas.
Place the specimen on the tile provided. Carefully add a few drops of dilute
hydrochloric acid on to the specimen and observe the effect.
Comment on your observation and suggest an explanation.
observation ...............................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(iii)
Suggest a function of S5 in the living animal.

...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 20]
0610/5/M/J/03
For
Examiners
Use
8
SUPERVISORS REPORT
*The Supervisor or Teacher responsible for the subject is asked to answer the following questions.
Was any difficulty experienced in providing the necessary material? If so, give brief details.
Did the candidate experience any difficulty during the examination as a result of faulty material? If
so, give brief details.
Did the candidate suffer any accidents with apparatus or materials? If so, give brief details.
Please state any other information that is likely to assist the Examiner, especially if this cannot
readily be discovered from the answers.
Please identify S4 and S5.

S4 .....................................................................................................................................................
S5 .....................................................................................................................................................
Please describe briefly the appearance of any features likely to assist the Examiner.
Declaration (to be signed by the Principal, and completed on the top script from the Centre)
The preparation of the practical examination has been carried out so as fully to maintain the
security of the examination.
Signed .....................................................................
Name (in block capitals) .....................................................................
*Information that applies to all candidates need be given only once.
N.B. If scripts are required by CIE to be despatched in more than one envelope, it is essential that a
copy of the relevant Supervisors Results (when requested), the Supervisors Report and the
appropriate seating plan are sent inside each envelope.
0610/05/M/J/03
Name
ap
eP
e
tr
.X
Candidate Number
Centre Number
0610/02
BIOLOGY
Paper 2
May/June 2004
1 hour 15 minutes
No additional materials are required.

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided at the top of this page.
For Examiners Use

1
2
3
4
5

6
7

provided.
8
Total

MML 5810 5/03 S64493/3
UCLES 2004
[Turn over
om
.c
s
er

For
Examiners
Use
2
1
Fig. 1.1 shows changes in the population of yeast during the production of beer.
population
size
0
0
time
Fig. 1.1
(a)
(i) On Fig. 1.1 name the phase labelled X.
[1]
(ii) Suggest two reasons why the population stops growing.

1. ..............................................................................................................................
2. ........................................................................................................................ [2]
(b) Write an equation, in either words or chemical symbols, for anaerobic respiration by
yeast.
.................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Alcohol has long term effects that cause damage to some body organs.
Name two of these organs and state an effect that alcohol can have on each of these
organs.
1 Organ ............................................................................................................................
Effect ................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
2 Organ ............................................................................................................................
Effect ................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 9]
UCLES 2004
0610/02/M/J/04
3
BLANK PAGE
0610/02/M/J/04
[Turn over
For
Examiners
Use
4
2
Fig. 2.1 shows the female reproductive system.
A
B
Fig. 2.1
(a) Name the structures labelled A and B.
A ......................................................................................................................................
B ................................................................................................................................ [2]
(b) Label, on Fig . 2.1, with the appropriate letter, where
(i) fertilisation normally occurs F.
[1]
(ii) gametes are produced
G.
[1]
(iii) oestrogen is produced
O.
[1]
(c) List three secondary sexual characteristics that are stimulated by oestrogen.
1. ......................................................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................................................
3. ................................................................................................................................ [3]
UCLES 2004
0610/02/M/J/04
5
(d) Outline the changes occurring in the ovaries and uterus during the menstrual cycle.
For
Examiners
Use
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 12]
UCLES 2004
0610/02/M/J/04
[Turn over
For
Examiners
Use
6
3
Fig. 3.1 shows the ears (fruiting heads) of five types of cereal.
awn
grain
ear
awn
Fig. 3.1
UCLES 2004
grain
0610/02/M/J/04
ear
7
(a) Use the key to identify each of the types of cereal in Fig. 3.1. Write the names of the
cereals in Table 3.1.
For
Examiners
Use
Key
1
Awns present
Awns absent
2
3
Individual awns can be longer than whole ear.

Individual awns never longer than whole ear
Grains not close together in the ear

Grains very close together in the ear
4
Triticum
Grains hang down from stalks

Grains do not hang down from stalks
Avena
Oryza
Hordeum
Secale
Table 3.1
diagram letter
name of cereal
A
B
C
D
E
[4]
(b) Most cereal plants are wind-pollinated. Suggest three ways in which cereal flowers
may differ from insect-pollinated flowers.
1. ......................................................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................................................
3. ................................................................................................................................ [3]
UCLES 2004
0610/02/M/J/04
[Turn over
For
Examiners
Use
8
(c) Plants need both magnesium ions and nitrate ions for healthy development.
(i) State why each of these is important for healthy development.
magnesium ions .......................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
nitrate ions ................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Nitrate ions are often provided in fertilisers. Excess fertiliser may be washed into
streams and ponds polluting the water. Suggest what is likely to happen in the
stream or pond.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [4]
[Total: 13]
UCLES 2004
0610/02/M/J/04
9
BLANK PAGE
0610/02/M/J/04
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For
Examiners
Use
10
4
Table 4.1 shows the rate of water loss by a plant over a period of 24 hours.
Table 4.1
time / hours
rate of water loss / grams per hour
0300
0600
12
0900
18
1200
24
1500
24
1800
20
2100
10
2400
(a) Plot the above data on Fig. 4.1.
0600
[3]
1200
time / hours
Fig. 4.1
UCLES 2004
0610/02/M/J/04
1800
2400
11
(b)
(i) Predict and explain how a large increase in humidity at 1000 hours would affect
the rate of water loss in the next two hours.
For
Examiners
Use
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) State two environmental factors, apart from humidity, that can cause a change in
water loss and explain how each of these has its effect.
1 factor .....................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
2 factor .....................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [6]
(c)
(i) Name the tissue that transports water to the leaves of a plant.
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) State one other function of this tissue.
............................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 13]
UCLES 2004
0610/02/M/J/04
[Turn over
12
5
Use only words or letters from the list below to complete the sentences in the following
paragraph.
diploid,
haploid,
forty-four,
twenty-two,
forty-six,
twenty-three,
gamete,
X,
Y,
zygote
The nuclei of human body cells contain pairs of chromosomes,

that is chromosomes and two sex chromosomes.
Sperm cells have a nucleus with a single sex chromosome.
The formed from the fusion of an ovum with a sperm cell,

containing a sex chromosome, will develop into a male.
[Total: 5]
UCLES 2004
0610/02/M/J/04
For
Examiners
Use
For
Examiners
Use
13
6
Table 6.1 gives some details of the digestion of food. Complete Table 6.1.
Table 6.1
food material
digestive enzyme
source of enzyme
end products
salivary glands
+
starch
stomach
fat
pancreas
fatty acids
+
[8]
[Total: 8]
UCLES 2004
0610/02/M/J/04
[Turn over
For
Examiners
Use
14
7
Fig. 7.1 shows a food web from farmland in Europe.

foxes
kestrels
toads & lizards

carnivorous
insects
herbivorous
insects
stoats
spiders
voles
rabbits
vegetation
Fig. 7.1
(a)
(i) Name an organism from the fourth trophic level of this food web.
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Using examples from this food web explain the difference between primary and
secondary consumers.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [4]
(b)
(i) State the source of energy for this food web.

............................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) In the food web the herbivorous insect population receives the same total amount
of energy as the rabbit population. The rabbits pass a smaller percentage of this
total energy to the next trophic level compared with the herbivorous insects.
Suggest reasons for this difference.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [3]
UCLES 2004
0610/02/M/J/04
For
Examiners
Use
15
(c) Myxomatosis is a disease of rabbits from which there is a high death rate.
Explain a likely effect on the population of kestrels if there was a serious outbreak of
myxomatosis in the rabbit population.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 13]
(a) During exercise the rate of blood flow to skeletal muscle is increased.
Explain why this is necessary.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [4]
(b)
(i) Name the hormone that can cause an increased flow of blood to skeletal muscle.
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Suggest two ways by which the heart can increase the flow of blood.
1. ..............................................................................................................................
2. ........................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 7]
UCLES 2004
0610/02/M/J/04
16
BLANK PAGE
Copyright Acknowledgements
Every reasonable effort has been made to trace all copyright holders where the publishers (i.e. UCLES) are aware that third-party material has been
reproduced. The publishers would be pleased to hear from anyone whose rights we have unwittingly infringed.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department
of the University of Cambridge.
0610/02/M/J/04

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w

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

This document consists of 16 printed pages.

Which of the four vertebrates in the table is a mammal?

The picture shows an animal.

What is the name of this animal according to the binomial system?

Male African lion

Top African jungle carnivore

The diagram shows a fish.

black stripe across the eye ..

no black stripe across the eye

black stripe on caudal fin .

no black stripe on caudal fin

black spot below dorsal fin ...

no black spot below dorsal fin

Which structures are found in a human sperm cell?

a tiny green disc

What type of structures are X and Y?

Less carbon dioxide is released.

Less oxygen is released.

More bacteria enter the lungs.

More mucus is removed from the lungs.

What is an example of osmosis?

Carbon dioxide goes out through the stomata of a leaf.

Digested food is absorbed from the small intestine.

Oxygen goes into the blood from an alveolus.

Water enters a plant root from the soil.

More sugar diffuses out of the bag than diffuses in.

11 The temperature of an enzyme-controlled reaction is increased by 10 C.

It always increases the rate.

It always decreases the rate.

It may increase or decrease the rate.

It has no effect on the rate.

14 Which elements do carbohydrates contain?

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

carbon, hydrogen and sulphur

carbon, nitrogen and oxygen

carbon, nitrogen and sulphur

How long is the small intestine?

16 What is a function of the human blood system?

carrying eggs from the ovary to the uterus

carrying glucose from the gut to the liver

carrying partly digested food from the mouth to the stomach

carrying urine from the kidney to the bladder

How is transport in the plant affected?

Amino acids and sucrose cannot pass to the roots.

Dissolved salts cannot pass to the leaves.

Water cannot pass to the leaves.

Water cannot pass to the roots.

Which environmental conditions are most likely to cause this change?

to provide carbon dioxide

to provide lactic acid

20 Which features are present in gaseous exchange surfaces?

21 Which component of cigarette smoke is most likely to cause lung cancer?

22 What is an example of homeostasis?

regulating blood glucose

removing undigested food through the anus

urinating to empty the bladder

Which substance is completely reabsorbed by the kidney?

24 The diagram shows a neurone.

Which structures could be found at X and Y?

25 The diagram shows shoots of maize seedlings.