Question how to calculate knee point voltage of current transformer?

Question Submitted By :: Dilip

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Re: how to calculate knee point voltage of current transformer?
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Rajendra Soni
#1
10 % increase in voltage gives you 50 %
increase in
excitation current is called knee point
voltage.
To measure this first demagnetise the CT
and apply
voltage gradually from secondary keeping
primary
winding open circuited. while doing this
above
phenomeneo will be obsesrved.

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Re: how to calculate knee point voltage of current transformer?

Answer to calculate knee point voltage of current
by
# 2 transformer
formal
Vknee point = Isecandary(Rct+ Rcable+
Rburden)
where
Rct= resistenc of current transformer
Rcable =resistenc of cable =2Rcable
Rburden =burden of relay
IF Vknee point< manufacture voltage of
current transformer
current transformer is good
IF Vknee point> manufacture voltage of
current transformer
current transformer must be change
For calculating knee point voltage there are two methods,
they are
1.Low method
2.High method
1.low impedance method
Vk=24In(Rct+2Rl)
2.High impedance method
Vk=4IsRs
Then, Rs=If/Is(Rct+Rl)
where

Is,In-Rated Sec. Current of CT

Rct-CT resistance
Rl-Max. one way lead reistance from CT to Relay
The knee-point voltage will depend on the size and class of
the CT, and it can be very high on some CTs (several
hundreds of volts) Be very cautious, you will be working on
live equipment during the test.
Now you can just plot the current and voltage values on a
graph. This is the mag-curve of the CT. IEC classify the
knee point voltage as the point where a 10% increase in
voltage results in a 50% increase in current.

3. knee point Voltage = Burden x aLf

------------Class
E.g:10VA 5P20 CT.
To Get the Knee Point Voltage
=>

10VA x 20
--------5P

= 10 x 20
------5

= 40V

4. Calculation:
1) Fault Current at Primary Side of CT (kA) = MVA/*100(%
Z*1.732*KLV)
7.55
2) Fault Current at Secondary Side of CT, If (A)=
6.29
3) Cable Lead Resistance, RL (Ohm)=
1.02
4) Knee Point Voltage Vk (Volt) = 2If(RCT+2RL)
101.2
REMARKS : Knee Point Voltage of CT provided by CGL for REF CT = 115V
and for Differental CT = 200V are in order.
5. CT Knee Point Voltage Calculation Sheet

Primary Secondary
Volt
Resistance
Resistance
Length
In MVA In AMP
In kV
In ohm
ohm/km in Meter
In %
1
CT ratio of the trasformer REF Protection
1200
1
2
Transformer Rating, MVA
20
-

In
-

% Impedance, %Z
13.9
Voltage of Line Side, KVLV
11
CT Secondary Resistance, RCT (ohm)
6
Resistance of control cable of 2.5 Sq. mm.
8.5
Loop Length of Control Cable
120

3
4
5
6
7

Calculation:
1) Fault Current at Primary Side of CT
MVA/*100(%Z*1.732*KLV)
7.55

(kA) =

2) Fault Current at Secondary Side of CT, If (A)=

6.29
3) Cable Lead Resistance, RL (Ohm)=
1.02
4) Knee Point Voltage Vk (Volt) = 2If(RCT+2RL)
101.2

REMARKS : Knee Point Voltage of CT provided by CGL for REF CT

= 115V and for Differental CT = 200V are in order.
6. to calculate the CT Vk .
eg
CT Acc. class - 5p20
sec. ct - rated = 1 A
Rct - 3 Ohms
Burden 15VA
Vk = 20((Rct+Burden))
=
=

20((3+15 )
360V

in the above VK ,Imag critieria is less than 5% of the CT

secondary current. ie - 500mA ( equal to or less than) .

7. to calculate the CT Vk .

eg
CT Acc. class - 5p20
sec. ct - rated = 1 A
Rct - 3 Ohms
Burden 15VA
Vk = 20((Rct+Burden))
=
=

20((3+15 )
360V

in the above VK ,Imag critieria is less than 5% of the CT

secondary current. ie - 500mA ( equal to or less than) .
8. if it is 5P20 we can calculate from following formula
1.2*VA*ALF/rated secondary current.
magnetizing current it will be mA it may be .5 or .7 of current