EclipseexerciseadaptedfromHeriotWattUniversityReservoirSimulationmodule

PAB3053RESERVOIRMODELINGAND
SIMULATION
ECLIPSEPROJECT2(Marks:10%)

GeneralInstruction:
1. Studentsarerequiredtosubmitthehardcopyofthe
report in my pigeon hole in Block 15, Level
3,room6.
2. Pleaseusethecoverpageprovides.Reportshould
beprinteddoublesided.
3. Reportmustbesubmittedtoyourrespectivetutor
duringlabhourinWeek11(30July3August).
Markswillbedeductedby2%perdayforthelate
submission.
4. All figures must be labeled clearly and referred
properlyinthetextwhileexplainingyourresults.
5. Zero marks will be awarded for any plagiarism
works.
Allthebest.

EclipseexerciseadaptedfromHeriotWattUniversityReservoirSimulationmodule

(PleaseusethisCoverpage)

RESERVOIRMODELINGANDSIMULATION
ECLIPSEPROJECT2(Marks:10%)

Name:___________________________
StudentID:_______________________
Signature:________________________
Submitto:IskandarDzulkarnain

EclipseexerciseadaptedfromHeriotWattUniversityReservoirSimulationmodule

PROJECT2(10%)
(Simplelayersweepefficiency:viscous,gravityandcapillaryforces)
ThisexerciseinvolvesadaptingfileTUT1D.DATAMakesurethatyouhavecompleted
Tutorial1DbeforecommencingTutorial2.
ATwodimensionalmodelwithhighperminthemiddlelayer.
Createatut2folder,makeacopyfileTUT1D.DATA,andcallitTUT2A.DATA
Theobjectiveistomakeamoredetailedcrosssectionmodelbetweentheinjector
andproducer:
Verticallayers
Injector
Producer
GeologicalGrid
cells

X
Z

150'

5x50cells

Layer1
1

15

5x50cells

Layer2
2

610

5x50cells

Layer3
3

1115

3500
2500'
Each layer has 5 x 50 cells to limit numerical dispersion. Go through the
followingstepsineditingtheTUT2A.DATAfile:
(a)Setnumberofcells,NX=50,NY=1,NZ=15,intheDIMENSkeyword,and
themaximumnumberofconnectionsperwell=15,intheWELLDIMSkeyword.
(b)SetgriddimensionstoDX=70,DY=1800,DZ=10forallcells.(Althoughthe
modelhasthesameoverallporevolumeasinTutorial1,itisnowonly1cell
thickintheYdirection.)
(c)Therearenow15layersofgridcells,distributedover3geologicallayers:
o geologicallayer1correspondstogridlayers15
o geologicallayer2correspondstogridlayers610
o geologicallayer3correspondstogridlayers1115
DefineTOPSforonlythefirstlayerofgridcells(layer11),butallporo/perm
properties should be assigned per geological layer (i.e. per 5 layers of cells).
MaintainthesamePERMX,PERMZ,POROandNTGvaluesineachgeological
layerasinTUT1D.

EclipseexerciseadaptedfromHeriotWattUniversityReservoirSimulationmodule

(d)DeletePERMYandassociateddata.
(e)IntheREGIONSsectionchangenumberofcellsineachlayerfrom25to250
whenallocatingrelativepermeabilitytablestocellsinSATNUMkeyword:
SATNUM
250*2250*1250*2/
(f)IntheSUMMARYsectionremoveWWCT(PROD),andreplacewithFWCT,
thefieldwatercut. AddFWIT(fieldwaterinjectiontotal)andFOE(FieldOil
RecoveryEfficiency)tothelistofoutputvariables.
(g)Placeinjectorat(1,1)andproducerat(50,1)andcompletebothoverall15
verticalcells.
(h) Set the injector to a rate control of 11,000 stb water/day (RATE) with a
maximumbottomholepressurelimitof10,000psia,andtheproducertoaliquid
productionrateof10,000stb/day(LRAT),withaminimumbottomholepressure
limit(BHP)of2,000psia.
(i)Waterinjectionatthisratewillresultinthedisplacementofoneporevolume
ofafter2850days,sosetthetimesteps(TSTEP)togivetententhsofapore
volume:
TSTEP
10*285/
Savetheeditedfile.
RunEclipseusingtheTUT2Adatafile. Plotthefollowing: fieldoilrecovery
efficiency(FOE)andfieldwatercut(FWCT)vsfieldcumulativewaterinjection
(FWIT) on the Xaxis. (Youcan use MS Excel, RE Studio, ECLIPSE Office
(Results)orPetrelfortheseplots. InPetrelthisplotmaybecreatedbyright
clickingonWaterinjectioncumulativeandchoosingSelectasX)Donot,at
this stage, save or print this picture. These graphs will be recreated in a
comparisonbetweenpartsAtoD.
BHighperminbottomlayer.
CopyTUT2A.DATAtoTUT2B.DATA
Editthenewfiletoplacethehighpermeabilitylayerinthebottominsteadofthe
middle,i.e.:
layer1:PERMX=200mD
layer2:PERMX=200mD
layer3:PERMX=1000mD
Alter the PERMZ, PORO, NTG and SATNUM keywords to reflect the layer
changesalso.RunEclipseagainandplotthesamegraphasabove,butthistime

EclipseexerciseadaptedfromHeriotWattUniversityReservoirSimulationmodule

for both cases2Aand2B. InspectthegridsaturationsofAandthenBusing

PetrelorFloviztoidentifycausesofanydifferenceinproductionbetweenAand
B.

CHighpermintoplayer.
Copy TUT2B.DATA to TUT2C.DATA. Edit the new file to place the high
permeabilitylayerontop,andrunEclipse.UsePetrelorFloviztoinvestigatethe
gridsaturationsforC. TUT2Cwillformthebasecase,withallthesubsequent
modelsbeingcomparedtothisone.Thefilesfortheremainingmodelswillallbe
editedcopiesofTUT2C.DATA.
DSlowerfrontaladvancerate.
Copy TUT2C.DATA to TUT2D.DATA. Edit the new file so that instead of
injecting 11,000 stb water/day only 1,100 stb/day are injected, instead of
producing10,000stbl/dayonly1,000stbl/dayareproduced,andthetimestepsare
increasedfrom285to2850dayseach.
OnFigure1displaythefieldoilrecoveryefficiency(Yaxis)vsfieldcumulative
waterinjection(Xaxis)forAD. On Figure2 displaythefieldwatercutvs
fieldcumulativewaterinjectionforthefourmodels. UsingPetrelorFloViz,
generategriddisplaysofthesaturationprofilesattimestep2andtimestep5.In
MSWordcreate Figure3 withfoursaturationplots(AD)fortimestep2and
Figure4withfoursaturationplots(AD)fortimestep5.(InFloVizusemenu
View>SetView>Front,exaggeratebyafactorof10inthezdirection,then
View>HardcopycoloursandtheneitherFile>SaveImage>ImageFiletosave
ajpegfile,oruseAltPrintScrntocopybitmaptotheclipboard,fromwherethe
imagemaybepasteddirectlyintoMSWord(CtrlV). For Petrel,followthe
instructionsintheseparatePetrelintroductionfile)
Whatarethemaindifferencesinproductionbehaviourbetweenthefourmodels,
andwhy?HowwouldtheprofilesinDcomparewiththeothercasesifplotted
againsttimeinsteadofvolumeofwaterinjected.
EIncreasedcrosssectionalareaawayfromwells.
CopyTUT2C.DATAtoTUT2E.DATA.Changethethicknessofthecellssothat
closetothewellstheyarenarrow,butinbetweenthewellstheyarebroad.Todo
this,deletetheolddefinitionofDYunderEQUALS,andinsertanewdefinition
ofDYabovetheEQUALSkeyword:
DY
2*140 2*420 2*700 2*980 2*1260 2*1540 2*1820 2*2100 2*2380 2*2660
2*29402*32202*3500
2*3220 2*29402*2660 2*23802*2100 2*18202*1540 2*12602*980 2*700
2*4202*140

EclipseexerciseadaptedfromHeriotWattUniversityReservoirSimulationmodule

2*140 2*420 2*700 2*980 2*1260 2*1540 2*1820 2*2100 2*2380 2*2660
2*29402*32202*3500
2*3220 2*29402*2660 2*23802*2100 2*18202*1540 2*12602*980 2*700
2*4202*140

repeatforall15layers
/
Thesechangeswillmaintaintheoverallvolumeofthesystem,butensurethat
flowspeedsinmidfieldwillbeonly4%oftheflowspeedsinthenearwellbore
region. RunECLIPSEandagaininspectthesaturationprofilesusingPetrelor
Floviz.(NotePetrelandFlovizwillnotshowagridwithvariationsinthickness
intheYdirectionhere,butchangingthedisplaypropertiestoInitial:DYwill
allowyoutocheckthatyouhaveenteredtheDYvaluescorrectly.)
FIncreasedkv/kh.
CopyTUT2C.DATAtoTUT2F.DATA.Editthenewfilesothatthemodelhasa
kv/khratioof1insteadof0.1(i.e.makePERMZ1000,200and200mDinthe
threelayers).RunEclipseagainandinspectthesaturationprofilesusingPetrelor
Floviz.Donotprintthefigures.
GBarrierspreventingverticalflow.
CopyTUT2C.DATA toTUT2G.DATA. Insteadofchangingallthegridcell
verticalpermeabilities,thetransmissibilitiesbetweenthethreelayersaretobeset
tozero. IntheEQUALSkeyword,betweenthelayer1andlayer2definitions
insertthefollowing:
MULTZ0.01501155/
andbetweenthelayer2andlayer3definitionsinsert:
MULTZ0.0150111010/
Thiswillpreventanyflowbetweengridlayers5and6,andbetweengridlayers
10and11.AgainrunEclipseandPetrelorFloViztoinspectthesaturations.Plot
thefieldoilrecoveryefficiencyvstimeforC,E,F,andGonFigure5.Createa
separateplotwithfieldwatercutvstimeforthesamefourmodelsonFigure6.
CreateFigures7&8,similartoFigures3&4,butforC,E,F,andG.
Whatvariationsinpressuregradientwillbeencounteredasinjectedwatermoves
awayfromthewellboreintotheformation,andwhichforceswilltendtodominate
inthevariousregions?Discussthegeologicalreasonswhythekv/khratiomight
vary in reality. What difference does it make whether the kv/kh ratio is

EclipseexerciseadaptedfromHeriotWattUniversityReservoirSimulationmodule

reduced/increased throughout the reservoir rock, as in F, or whether

transmissibilitybarriersexistbetweenlayers,asinG?
HZerocapillarypressure.
CopyTUT2C.DATAto TUT2H.DATA. Setthecapillarypressureinthenew
modeltozero.DothisbysettingallthePcvaluesintheSWOFtablesto0.0.
Whatistheeffectonoilrecoveryofsettingcapillarypressuretozero,andwhat
conclusiondoyoudrawaboutitseffectonthereservoirflowbehaviour?
IGridcoarsening.
CopyTUT2C.DATAto TUT2Ccoarse.DATA. Herewearegoingtoleavethe
samelevelofgridresolutioninthecellsaroundthewells,butcoarsenthecellsin
thecentreofthemodelfrom70ftintheXdirectionto1,400ft,andcoarsenall
cellsintheZdirectionfrom10ftto50ft.
ChangethenumberofcellstoNX=12,NY=1,NZ=3,intheDIMENSkeyword.
IntheEQUALSkeywordchangetheDXandDZvalues
EQUALS
-- Keyword
DX
DX
DX

value
70
1400
70

X1 X2
1 5
6 7
8 12

DY

1800

1 12

DZ

50

Y1 Y2
1 1
1 1
1 1
1

Z1 Z2
1 3
1 3
1 3
1

/
/
/
/
/

AlsoremembertochangetheX1,X2andZ1,Z2valuesforallotherpropertiesin
theEQUALSkeywordtoreflectthenewgriddimensions.
ChangeSATNUMtoreflectthefactthattherearenowonly12cellsineachlayer.
ChangeWELSPECSandCOMPDATtoreflectthegriddimensionof112cellsin
theXDirectionand13cellsintheZDirection.
Copy TUT2Ccoarse.DATA to TUT2Hcoarse.DATA, and make Pc=0 in
TUT2Hcoarse.DATA.
RunTUT2Ccoarse.DATAandTUT2Hcoarse.DATA
JGridrefinement.

EclipseexerciseadaptedfromHeriotWattUniversityReservoirSimulationmodule

Herewerefinethemodelbyafactor5intheXDirectionandafactorof5inthe
ZDirection(allcellswillbe14ftX1800ftX2ft).
Copy TUT2C.DATA to TUT2Crefine.DATA, and TUT2H.DATA to
TUT2Hrefine.DATA.Thenforeachoftherefinedmodels:
EITHERadd
AUTOREF
515/
beforetheOILkeywordintheRUNSEPCsection
OR
usetheinstructionsattheendofthisdocument(AlternativetoAUTOREF).
To use the AUTOREF keyword you need the LGR module license to be
available.Ifthatisnotavailable(eitheryougetanerrormessagesayingsoorthe
instructortellsyou),followthesecondoption.
Thenineithercaseadd
NSTACK
100/
beforetheOILkeywordintheRUNSEPCsection,and
TUNING
/
/
2*100/
beforetheTSTEPkeywordintheSCHEDULEsection.
IftheLGRoptionisnotavailableyouwillgetanerrormessage.
Thesekeywordswillautomaticallyrefinethemodelandallocatemorememory
spaceforthecalculations.
RunTUT2Crefine.DATAandTUT2Hrefine.DATA
Plot FOE vs time for cases TUT2C, TUT2Ccoarse, TUT2Crefine, TUT2H,
TUT2Hcoarse,andTUT2HrefineonFigure9,andFWCTvstimeonFigure10.
Whatistheimpactofcapillarypressureinthecoarsemodels?Andintherefined
models? What is the level of resolution required in the cases with capillary
pressure,andinthecaseswithout?

EclipseexerciseadaptedfromHeriotWattUniversityReservoirSimulationmodule

SENSITIVITIES
PolymerFlooding
Model viscous oil: Copy TUT2C.DATA to ViscOil.DATA and increase the
viscosityofoilbyafactorof5(multiplyeachoftheviscositiesinthetableby5).
Model polymer injection to sweep more viscous oil: Copy ViscOil.DATA to
Polymer.DATA,andaddinthefollowingkeywordstoinjectapolymersolution
withaviscosity=10cP:
inRUNSPECsection
Switchesonpolymeroption(noassociateddata)
POLYMER
inPROPSsection
viscositymultipliervspolymerconcentration
PLYVISC
concentrationmultiplier
0.000001.0
1.0000012.5/
1.0*0.8=0.8cP(waterviscosity)
12.5*0.8=10cP(polymerviscosity
3keywordsswitchoffpolymeradsorption
PLYADS
0.00.0
1.00.0/
0.00.0
1.00.0/
PLYROCK
0.01.01.011.0/
0.01.01.011.0/
PLYMAX
1.00.0/
degreeofmixingbetweeninjectedpolymersolutionandformationwater
TLMIXPAR
1.0/
inSCHEDULEsection,afterWCONINJ

EclipseexerciseadaptedfromHeriotWattUniversityReservoirSimulationmodule

WPOLYMER
wellnameconcentration
INJ1.0/
/
Doesaddingpolymerimprovethesweepefficiencyandtherecoveryintheviscousoil
scenario?Whataboutintheoriginallowviscosityoilcase?
AlternativetoAUTOREF
1. Set nx=250 and nz=75 in DIMENS
2. Edit the TABDIMS keyword to change the maximum number of connections per well
from 15 to 75.
3. In the EQUALS keyword, divide DX and DZ by 5.
4. Set all x2 values to 250 in the EQUALS keyword
5. Set Z2=75 for DX and multiply other Z2 values by 5 (except for TOPS of course).
Alter Z1 values appropriately to be 1 greater than the max of the overlying layer
(subtract 1, multiply by 5 and add 1).
6. Alter the SATNUMS keyword multiplying 250 by 25 for each layer.
7. Edit WELSPECS to place the well head producer at I=248 (this places the well in the
middle of the original coarse cell ) and the injector at I=3. Similarly complete the
producer from (248,1,1) to (248,1,75) and the injector from (3,1,1) to (3,1,75).
8. Go back to the document and continue with the instructions.