A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of metal.

Wires are used

to bear mechanical loads or electricity and telecommunications signals.
An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with
external connections provided to power electrical devices.
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device,[1] which may be mechanical,
electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include
alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or
keystroke.
An antenna (plural antennae or antennas), or aerial, is an electrical device
which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa.[1] It is usually used
with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter
supplies an electric current oscillating at radio frequency (i.e. a high frequency
alternating current (AC)) to the antenna's terminals, and the antenna radiates the
energy from the current as electromagnetic waves (radio waves). In reception, an
antenna intercepts some of the power of an electromagnetic wave in order to
produce a tiny voltage at its terminals, that is applied to a receiver to be amplified.
Capacitor is an electronic component that stores electric charge. The capacitor is
made of 2 close conductors (usually plates) that are separated by a dielectric
material. The plates accumulate electric charge when connected to power source.
One plate accumulates positive charge and the other plate accumulates negative
charge.
n electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts
primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance); it has low (ideally zero)
resistance to the flow of current in one direction, and high (ideally infinite)
resistance in the other. A semiconductor diode, the most common type today, is a
crystalline piece of semiconductor material with a pn junction connected to two
electrical terminals.[5] A vacuum tube diode has two electrodes, a plate (anode) and
a heated cathode. Semiconductor diodes were the first semiconductor electronic
devices. The discovery of crystals' rectifying abilities was made by German physicist
Ferdinand Braun in 1874. The first semiconductor diodes, called cat's whisker
diodes, developed around 1906, were made of mineral crystals such as galena.
Today, most diodes are made of silicon, but other semiconductors such as selenium
or germanium are sometimes used.[6]
In electronics and electrical engineering, a fuse is a type of low resistance resistor
that acts as a sacrificial device to provide overcurrent protection, of either the load
or source circuit. Its essential component is a metal wire or strip that melts when
too much current flows through it, interrupting the circuit that it connects. Short
circuits, overloading, mismatched loads, or device failure are the prime reasons for
excessive current. Fuses can be used as alternatives to circuit breakers.
In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can break an
electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to
another.[1][2] The mechanism of a switch may be operated directly by a human

operator to control a circuit (for example, a light switch or a keyboard button), may
be operated by a moving object such as a door-operated switch, or may be
operated by some sensing element for pressure, temperature or flow. A relay is a
switch that is operated by electricity. Switches are made to handle a wide range of
voltages and currents; very large switches may be used to isolate high-voltage
circuits in electrical substations.
Inductor is an electrical component that stores energy in magnetic field.
The inductor is made of a coil of conducting wire.
In an electrical circuit schematics, the inductor marked with the letter L.
The inductance is measured in units of Henry [L].
Inductor reduce current in AC circuits and short circuit in DC circuits.

Resistor is an electrical component that reduces the electric current.

The resistor's ability to reduce the current is called resistance and is measured in
units of ohms (symbol: ).
If we make an analogy to water flow through pipes, the resistor is a thin pipe that
reduces the water flow.

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to

mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as
solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a
separate low-power signal, or where several circuits must be controlled by one
signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers:
they repeated the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another
circuit. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers
to perform logical operations.
An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy. The reverse of this would be the conversion of mechanical
energy into electrical energy and is done by an electric generator.

A voltmeter is an instrument used for measuring electrical potential difference

between two points in an electric circuit. Analog voltmeters move a pointer across a
scale in proportion to the voltage of the circuit; digital voltmeters give a numerical
display of voltage by use of an analog to digital converter.
A microphone, colloquially nicknamed mic or mike (/mak/),[1] is a transducer that
converts sound into an electrical signal.

A loudspeaker (or loud-speaker or speaker) is an electroacoustic transducer;[1]

which converts an electrical audio signal into a corresponding sound.[2] The first
primitive loudspeakers were invented during the development of telephone systems
in the late 1800s, but electronic amplification by vacuum tube beginning around
1912 made loudspeakers truly practical. By the 1920s they were used in radios,
phonographs, public address systems and theatre sound systems for talking motion
pictures.