Madeleine Williamson Phillip McElmuray 3%) CENGAGE *y learning AEIFMA AOPEAN NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC LEARNING. [Australia Bris Meco» Singppoe United Kingdom -Unteg SatesReading A Read the Exam Reminder. How should you select your answers? B_ Now complete the Exam Task. Young Record Breakers Let's take a look at four of the world’s most impressive young record br. A. breaking records runs in the Shanghvi family, from Mumbai ‘When his brother, Parth, became the youngest scuba diver in the ‘world, krish Shanghwi, chen aged only six, decided he too wanted to break a world record, It se2med appropriate to opt for the sky instead of the sea, but choosing skydiving proved less than straightforward. In India the minimum age for skydiving is 16, s0 Krish would have had to wait too long to fulfil his ambition. ‘Then, after much research, the family discovered that in Slovenia there is no age restriction for skydiving, but unfortunately, Krish ‘was too emall to fit into the harness he would need to wear to ‘make the dive. However, this did net deter them, and when Krish ‘was only eight years old, he leapt out ofa plane at an altitude (0f 3000 metres over Mozzel Bay in South Arica, Attached to __ to work as there's nowhere to park near his office. (drive) 6 Imsorytmiste! Eine __ong? youwait) 7. Sorry, I can't go out tonight. 1200 ——1N.@__for an exam. (revise) 8 It’s incredible! in 30 years of marriage, they'y2 MANE =A about anything, (never/disagree) B Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences. Rewrite the sentences correctly. 1 Tim sorry, Andrew isn't here, Hes just boon leaving the office, Hell be back after lunch, ee 2 Werfé}eam ing for the past couple of weeks, but now we're going to stay in a hotel for a few days. je been Poet ed eet 3 | just hear that I've passed my exams. I'm so happy! — heer 4 Susan hasn't been receiving her online order yet: she's still waiting for it. rereived 5. Wo've really Igoked forward to the concert. It promises to be brilliant. 6 How do you get on with pyc project? Have you writen the introduction yet? “wep getting 7 I'mafraid Jenny haf never beer Randing her work in on time. She always behind. 8 Anthonylalways complains. | wish he'd stop! is 1G a) C Circle the correct words in the text. The holiday of a lifetime _ Clare and her husband, Adam, had been planning their trip to Africa for weeks. They (1)(had! cape cence to spend a few days relaxing on the beach before embarking on what they hoped would be the adventure ofa lifetime ‘Thp-firt day had been wonderful; they'd seen elephants, giraffes, buffaloes and hyenas. But it was when night aa had been falling that the real adventure began. They (3) eS) had set up camp, made a fire and had some dinner, ecided they'd have an early night as it (4) was long day. They (5) didh’t sleep hati’ been sl are suddenly woke up. She was sure she'd heard thunder, but then she realised the ground ind their quide was shouting and clapping outside the tent. By now Adam and Clare ¥2en wide awake. Terrified, they unzipped their tent and peered out just as a herd of zebras Shad stampeded past them in a cloud of dust, narrowly avoiding them and their guide. 'l expect it's lions out hunting.’ (9) €xplainedy was explaining their guide, ‘But don’t worry, they won't come into our camp.’ The next morning, when they got urate along and restiess night, Adam and Clare (10( found}/had found lion prints all around their tent. for long when, (6) shook / wReview of Tenses (continued); Used to & Would D Choose the correct answers. 1. Computers __much bigger and slower than they are today. A a would be b had been () used to be 2. Once they — the decision.ta.go, they saw no reason to delay their departs a. used to make (b had made ¢ had been making 3. It__ snowing when we arrived at the resort 7 a was finaly stopping b would finally stop /“€ ) had finally stopped 4 We __ there were fairies at the bottom of the garden when we were child a would believe b were believing ©) used to believe 5 Alice confident about her chances of winning as she hadn't been a hade't felt b ) didn’t fee! © wouldn't fee 6 Mary to work when the weather was good. @)would always cycle b was always cycling ¢ had always been cycling 7 Peter __ atthe bank for six years when he was made redundant. a worked was working @) had been working UB 8 Sonya was confident she'd do well in her exams as she __ for weeks beforehand. a a) had revised b was revising © would revise 7 E Match the first parts of the sentences 18 to the second parts a—h 1 Paul climbed Mount Kilimanjaro a ‘a when my friend showed up. 2 Andrea was swimming in the river oh band sets in the west. 3. The sun rises in the east Bb © when he was 17. 4 Sue had been training for months gz d for speeding on the motonway 5 When Mark was a child, a when she ran her first marathon 6 Instead of watching TV, # they would go for a walk aftor dinner 7. thead bein taking for hota g_ bis family used to go camping every year. 8 Delia was banned from driving a fh when she saw the erocodile na * 7 2) Listenin a Exam A. Read the Exam Reminder. How should you deal Pees eee ‘* Remember to read the stem question first to c with the stem questions? tem questions: focus on what you need to listan for, and then Eee read the options a~ c end underline key words. : * Don't worry if you can’t answer the question BW Listen and complete the Exam Task. the frst time you Isten, a= you will Near each Exam Task recording twice. f You will hear two different extracts. For questions 1-4, choose the answer (a, b or ¢) which fits best according to what you hear, There are two questions for each extract. Extract One Extract Two | You will hear two people on a music programme talking You will hear part of s radio interview with a man who has | about @ new CD. just swum across the English Channel. | 11 What does the woman think of the singer's|atest CD? 3._The swimmer felt grateful because | a_It's very impressive, ® people gave money for a good cause. | Drier oral Bh paronved a ceo aan | € Its unexpected. © hehad accomplished something difficult. 2 What is the man’s opinion? 4. What was the greatest danger when he was swimming i Thwtsingey should ge badkralhe mate across the Channel? ; t,he are rae aati temperature ofthe water | © rhe singer should find a new direction, (@ phe large number of vessels © the jellyfish Listen again and check your answers.writing: a reference A Read the wr You have been asked to provide a reference for a friend who has applied for a job as a group leader at Sup: Summer Camps, for children between the ages of ‘The successful candidate must be over 18 and sho warm and caring, good with children, energetic an and enjoy outdoor activities such as camping. Skills such as playing the guitar, painting or ceramics, as well as = certificate in First Aid, would be a distinct advantage You should include information about your friend's character, their skis, their previous experience = why they should be considered for this job. ing task below and decide if the statements are true or false. Write T for true or F for false. You don't know the person who has asked for the reference. o You need to describe the person applying for the job and include information about their personality. go You should include a paragraph about personality, another about skills and a third about experience oO Tho style of the reference should be informal as the job involves working with children. Oo B_ Read the example reference. Which phrases should begin and end the reference? lo whom it cay Concer am writing to recommend Alan Davies for the pos of group leader at Super Summer Camps. Alan is now 18 years old and I have known him since we were at primary school together. We have been close friends for ten years now. Alan is mature, responsible and organised. He ish popular, both in college and at his rugby club. jerking and fun-loving with a great sense of humour. He is very With regard to skill, not only is Alan a keen sportsman, excelling at rugby, football and swimming, he is also an accomplished musician, who can play the piano and the guitar. Furthermore, he is an experienced camper, having spent every summer holiday trekking and camping with his family. Alan is the eldest of four and has a gift for entertaining young children, as is shown by the fact that he is always in great demand as a helper at children’s birthday parties. Alan has done an advanced course in First Aid. He has also been involved in rugby training for children. I believe Alan's personality, skills and experience make him an ideal candidate for the position of group leader. | have no hesitation in recommending him for the position, @— dowd, Fred Scott _—-— C Read and complete the Exam Task below. Don’t forget to use the Useful Expressions on page 15 of your Student's Book. Exam Task You have been asked to provide a reference for a friend who has applied for a job as an art instructor at Creative Camps for children between the ages of 6 and 10, The successful candidate must be over 18, should be friendly and approachable, good with children, enthusiastic and artistic, with good skils in drawing and pottery Include information about your friend's character, skills, previous experience and reasons why they should be considered for this job. Write your referenc in 220-260 words in an appropriate style. eM ened eee eae Writing a reference * Ina reference, say who you are and how you know the person you're writing about, Include information about their character, skills and experience. Don’t include information that isn’t relevant to the job. Use formal language and organise your ideas into paragraphs. Use positive language and make sure you present the person in a favourable light. Don't forget to say why you think the person should be given the job!Reading A. Read the Exam Reminder. What should you be careful to do? B_ Now complete the Exam Task. Blogging Your Way Back to Health Anyone who suffers compound fractures of both legs might be expected to indulge in a moment of self-pity. However, Heather McLean is not one to feel sorry for herself. Instead, the 16-year-old schoolgirl, who in April last year survived a horrific car accident, starved a blog (called Breaking News), shazing all the successes and setbacks on her slow and often painful road to recovery. Initially she had only a few followers, mainly family members and friends, but after appeating on a local radio phon her blog, her fame of subscribers, n, where she mentioned -w rapidly and she soon had thousands But given that there are well over one hundred million blogs, worldwide on the two main blogging platforms, it must take ‘more than a plug on local radio to make a blog success, So what is Heather’ secrer2 ‘Keep it fin and interesting’ says ‘Heather. “People don’t want co read about what you ate for Junch or what you watched on TV. But there’ so much going ‘on around you i 9 hospital and so many interesting people with offen very dramatic and touching stories. You just have to keep your eyes and ears open: Notall ofthe attention she received was positive or supportive, however, Her blog was a frequent target for spammers (people Facebook Addict Dan Cole used to spend four or five hours a day on Facebook It ruled his life. He didn’t consider ita problem until he failed an important exam. ‘Td always been an A student and ie was the first time Ta done badly’ explains Dan. “My parents immediately identified the amount of time I spent on Facebook as the culprit, and I hacl to admit that they were right: was a Facebook addict. So, 1 agreed to deactivate my account undil Vd retaken and passed the exam. To sart with, Dan felt as though his life had ended, He had relied on Facebook for everything, from organising his photo albums to arranging to meet up with friends."l suddenly had all this time on my bands and I didn't know what to do with it. I saw it as a negative thing sather than an advantage’ But slowly Dan’ life began to resemble the one he'd had pre- Facebook. He could no longer claim 432 friends’, but he kept in contact by phone with the peaple who were important to him, He started to read books again ~ and he still had ad 2 Like Comment Share visitors lett dero “Tes very easy tc “Bur you ha for people like that must have ver By far the bi to Heather’ bl as evidene was her humorous overwh mingh attitude, even moments, Peth comment best “Thank you Hi brave gir inspiration to us a @yingcolours As soon as k Facebook to be sucke But I soon re Thagn't n pages. I found mys. less than an hour. controls it, i Tas 2 Like Comment Share Exam Choosing the correct option © Remember general idea 2 text quickly to get a and identify their and answer rts of the text c2reful nat to make ions that reflect your commercial icism when fal comments, erves Heather, 12 passed with fr questions 1 - 4 choose the answer (a, b, ¢ or d) whi 1 OnHeather’s blog you can read about a. the thousands of people who follow her online, her secrets for success in life. © people like her with health problems. d_ her normal, everyday activities 2. The majority of people who read Heather's blog a enjoy it because of her optimism and courage. b_ want people to buy their products. € leave messages telling her she’s cowardly. want to know what she's been doing, Vocabulary A Circle the correct words. Exam Task cou think fits best according to the text 3 Dan temporarily switched off his Facebook account a to meet up with friends in real life. b so his studies wouldn't suffer. € sohe could spend time reeding. d_ because he didn’t like social networking. 4 Once Dan reactivated his Facebook account he ‘a regained all 432 friends he thought he'd lost. stopped reading books and revising for exams. € fell back into his old networking habits. d_nolonger enjoyed it as much as he used to. 11 We had no choice / reaction but to cancel his elub membership as he was unable to keep up with the payments. eVoaunon Before he went abroad, Paul promised to keep in contact’ //aecss by email and texting You shouldn't divulge username / personal information on the Internet or over the phone. | don't think the chat show was the appropriate platform for them to air their political contacts / views. Nadia wasn't sure if it was a realistic / legitimate website, so she didn't log on. Mark was very upset when he saw that Anna had updated / identified her status to ‘single' after their quarrel | won't shop online because someone could steal my identity / personality when | fil in my detail. To download films, just tick / click on the link below and follow the instructions. It's really easy. B Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in bold. 1. Although Hannah finds it dificult to accept she’s trying not to let it upset her too rmuch. 2. They didn’t do a very good job, but in their 7 CRITICISE DEFEND you have to admit they weren't given much time to do it. 3. After the launch of our latest smartphone, we were expecting a more positive 4. The problem with this website is that it isn’t from smartphones. 5 I've asked you to stop times now! 6 Daniel only retaliated after extreme 7 Allthis —_ — able to get to sleep tonight, 8 I read the most from the press. your sister three is sure to mean the children won't be report about identity theft on the Internet last week. It made me scared to go online! REACT ACCESS BOTHER am) PROVOKE EXCITE SHOCK Like Comment Share 2 11C Read the Exam Reminder, then complete the Exam Task. Exam > Exam Task Choosing the right part of speech e For questions 1 ~8, read ‘+ Remember to first read through the text quickly to get a general idea the text below. Use the word. Of the teesning : given in capitals at the end of + Look carefully at each gap and decide whst part of speech could ft, and some of the lines to form a word then reed the whole sentence carefully and check the context. ‘hat fits in the gap in the same line. * Remember, sometimes the word may need 2 negative prefix or suffix. Cake for breakfast a People often don't realise that a throwaway (1) ______________can have a profound REMARK effect, especially when it comes from a parent. The first time Carlo Russell baked a cake, his mother (2)_____thatitwas ‘ouitenice, uta OBSERVE bit dry’. Carlo was s0 unhappy and (3)___ by what he perceived as OFFEND, her (@) that he CRITICISE ()______ baking for years. Infact, he AVOID didn't start again until he went to college, which is quite ironic, of course, as he’s now best known as the man who pired men and women all over the country to get baking again. Carlo (6) this and many RELATE more stories about his early life in his new autobiography, Cake for Breakfast. He also describes his relationship with his grandmother, who inspired him to follow his dream and taught him to (7) the simple VALUE things in life, to (®) the temptation RESIST to settle for second best and to strive for perfection in everything he does. ‘She would have been thrilled by my success,’ says Carlo. I wish she could have seen me on TV. She would have been so impressed!” D The words in bold are in the wrong sentences. Write each word next to the correct sentence. Peter was taken down by the resentment his proposal to bring in a new director provoked. My brother has taken for meeting his friends for coffee before coming home after college. Unfortunately, the new website has come in at a lot of criticism because itis so user-unfriendly She got back to him eventually when she published her autobiography and revealed his true nature to the world, 5 My aunt set aback to do a short course in art history, but ended up doing a masters and getting a job in a museum. 6 You really must learn to stop cutting up when I'm talking, i's terribly rude. 7 What's the point in stirring things in now, 20 years after the event? Just leave it alone! Rune 8 Popular uprisings like this one have been known to bring out repressive authoritarian regimes. E Choose the correct answers. 1 I'm not sure how many people came to the 5 Seriously, they’re moving to the USA next year. conference, but I'd say, at _, there were over I know it’s true because I got it straight from 100 people there. the mouth. a apossibility b anidea © aguess a frog's b cat's horse's 2 Allittle told me it was your birthday today. Many 6 I'mtelling you this in the strictest so you happy returns! really mustn't repeat it to anyone, a canary b bird © goose @ context. confidence word 3 Ifyou take them out of _, of course his comments 7 Alice wouldn't say to a goose; she's so quiet will sound ridiculous. and timid a article b newspaper ¢ context a boo b hi © hush 4 He had the courage to tell her to her — that she 8 It happened without _. One minute he had was a liar, a great job, the next he was unemployed. a_ face back b announcement ¢ warning» Grammar a 2 3 4 5 6 é Future Forms A Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. ——_______1_ice cream for dessert or would you rather a cake? (bring) This time next year, Sarah___________for her final exams. (revise) By the end of July next year, she _________her exams. (finish) By the end of April, Tony his novel for two years. When is he planning to finish it? (write) I don't think Paul_________to see you this time. He just hasn't got enough time. (manage) I've finally made up my mind, |_________ fora job abroad. (look) I'm so sorry, there's a mistake on the itinerary | gave you. We to Miami on Thursday, not on Wednesday. (fy) I'm sure we _______ the film. t's had such good reviews. (enjoy) B Complete the texts with these verb forms. are going to expect willbe moving will become will continue willhave peaked will have realised willsound won't be able to follow Media experts offer their thoughts on the future of social networking ‘Some people have argued that social networking (1) —________ one billion Facebook users worldwide, it seems quite unlikely, especially if China becomes a viable market.’ by the end of the decade, but with over “agree that social networking is here to stay, but I think it (2) ____ more private, with users opting for premium and niche networks with a limit on friends to 50 or so. In ten years’ time, claiming to have 500 plus friends on Facebook (3) superficial and out-dated.’ ‘Only those sites which are compatible with mobile phones (4) _____ to do well.As people communicate more ‘and more via their mobile phones, they (5) faster and more reliable networks. Social networking is here to stay’ “Well, 'm not entirely sure. Social networking used to be the realm of the young, but now, as their parents join sites such as Facebook, many young people are going to be tempted to join other sites where their parents (6) T think increasingly, kids (7) around, finding new sites that suit them as they go to university and start their careers? “Two issues will have a consequence on social networking, one is privacy and the other is addiction. People are becoming increasingly aware of what these mean in terms of their reputation and mental health and | predict that inten or twenty years’ time, people (8) that it’s in the real world they want to be living, not the virtual one. They'll still be networking, but it won’t be the same. They won't be ruled by it anymore.’ —— \d and correct the mistakes in the sentences. ‘Am | going to carry your bag for you? It looks very heavy. By the end of the year, Paul and Anita will marry for six months. Don't worry, Ill cook dinner tonight. | go to the supermarket on my way home. Look, it's here on our itinerary: we're going to have arrived on the * of June. I'm picking John up at 3pm and then we will have driven to the coast. By September, they are working on the house for over a year. I've been helping you for weeks, but | don't help you any more! You're so ungrateful | will have sunbathed on the beach this time next week. I can’t wait!Future in the Past D Match the first parts of the sentences 1 ~ 6 to the second parts a— 1. Paul decided he would buy a a because they were staying with new smartphone [| ‘heir aunt and unele 2 Lisa realised it was going tobe ‘bas soon ashe got his pay avery late night [ | cheque. 3. Sarah told her mother she © because of her condition. would pick her up [] d__ after she'd dropped the kids 4. They saved some money when off at school. they were on holiday fe. Isaw the black clouds and 5 I knew it was going to snow as realised how cold it had got. soon as [| f because by ten o'clock she had 6 They weren't going to allow only written the introduction. her to travel [] E Complete the second sentences so that they have a similar meaning to the first sentences. Use the words in bold. 1. Carl moved to Los Angeles in August. it's December now. living By February nextyear,he in Los Angeles for six months. 2. You mustn't be late. You really need to go now. will Do you realise you _ifyou don't go now? 3. Oh, dear! At this rate Anne won't have finished tidying up by the time all the guests arrive. still Anne when the guests start arriving 4. The plan is to meet up at 6pm and have a meal before going to the cinema. meeting We at 6pm fora meal before watching a film 5 Listen, the minute you finish your homework, we can go to the beach. finished Ase" go to the beach. 6 The plan had been to meet up for a pizza, but she came down with a cold. going We for a pizza, but she came down with a cold. 7 They checked their equipment because they had to start their journey later that night. starting They checked their equipment because later that night 8 Mark realised it was best to apply to medical school after getting his exam results. would Mark decided once he had got his exam results Listening Exam A Read the Exam Reminder. How can you prepare Preparing tolisten yourself for the listening task? * Before you listen, read through the exam sentences carefully and think about the topic of the ee listening task. B 295" Listen and complete the Exam Task. . Pp, to hah ‘of as many possible words which could in each gap. Exam Task * Remember, no more than three words will be You will hear someone talking about her views on an missing from each sentence. aspect of technology. For questions 1 ~ 8, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase. 1. The speaker was concerned thet digital books would 5 When the speaker received an e-book reader as a ‘eventually replace — present, she was 2 In addition to the feel and smell of paper immediately. books, the speaker has always loved their 6 Aswell 2s reading in again, the speaker has begun to read the novels she 3 The speaker states that because people are Meant to read when she was young, increasingly reading e-books, paper books are 7 The speaker says that in popular to newer technology is bad for the planet. 4 She thinks the advantages of e-books & The speaker now only reads paper books when she is the disadvantages. CST) Listen again and check your answers.writing: an essay (\) eee nncumacon A\ Read the writing task below and tick the things you have Planning & structuring an essay to do. + Don't forget that in an essay your ‘main aim is to present an argument and a clear rationale to back it up. Questions to ask yourself: Should it be formal or informal? What functions will you need to focus on, for example, describe a process, give your opinion, explain your rationale? Think also about the grammar and vocabulary you will be using, in Following a class discussion, your teacher has asked you to write an essay giving your views on this topic. The increase in the use of e-book readers is likely to have a significant impact on the environment, Some people say that itis bound to be beneficial as fewer paper books will be produced. Do you agree that the advent of e-readers is good for the environment? What disadvantages are associated with e-book readers? + Don't forget to organise your essay into an introduction, main body and conclusion, making sure each paragraph begins with a topic sentence, ‘+ Finally, link your ideas with appropriate linking words and phrases. start with an introduction decide if your essay should be formal or conversational use only present tenses in your essay talk about the advantages of using e-book readers discuss the disadvantages of using e-book readers finish each paragraph with 2 topic sentence give your opinion oo0000000 include linking words and phrases B Read the example essay and complete it with these words. ' > asa result however nevertheless secondly thirdly though I No-one can doubt that e-books are here to stay. E-book sales have already overtaken sales of paper books in the USA, and soon the rest of the world will follow, But what impact will this have on the environment? Optimists claim that e-books are environmentally friendly. Firstly, no paperis needed and therefore fewer | trees need to be cut down, (1) __ as the carbon footprint of a paperback involves paper production, printing, shipping and the destruction of atleast 25% of books, which are never bought, e-books must be greener. (2) _____, once you have an e-eader, you can download thousands cof books and read them on one device. (3) ___, the carbon footprint of an e-book will only involve the intial purchase of the e-reader and battery charging @ pessimists only need to identify the mountains of obsolete computers fling ur landfill sites to set alarm bells ringing. How can e-books be more ecologicel, they argue, when we consider what will happen as people upgrade, buying smaller and more powerful devices to read their e-books on? Outdated e-readers will join the heaps of computers and multiply the carbon footprint of an e-book well beyond that of a conventional paperback. lam not a pessimist, (5)_____. We are unlikely to return to the lending library — without doubt the most environmentally-friendly reading method of all. (6) as people become more aware, they will find solutions to these problems. We now recycle vast quantities of old computers and hopefully we'll do the same with e-readers, _ C Read and complete the Exam Task. Don’t forget to use the Useful Expressions on page 27 of your Student's Book. Exam Task Following a class discussion, your teacher has asked you to write an essay giving your views on this topic. Many people believe that e-books will revolutionise the world of publishing as more and more individuals self-publish, doing away with the need for an editor, publisher, printer or even ‘conventional bookshop. Do you think this will have a detrimental effect on the quality of books being published? What do you think publishers can do to keep their businesses going? Write your essay in 220-260 words in an appropriate style. Ee a a ike Comment St mr)| Vocabulary A Choose the correct answers. 4 10 16 Revi ‘Amanda is rather set in her ways, She isn't very —. a apprehensive b impetuous adaptable inflexible These are so similar, | can't — between them. a persist b distinguish ¢ resolve di realise Ifyou want to succeed, —_ high b insist discriminate d strive He was — in his criticism, but he was fair a cunning b sentimental reckless merciless ‘Arthur isn't —, despite his achievements. a candid b cautious © conceited considerate ‘We came — against many obstacles. a of b up ¢ through: d- down They pulled it__, and the concert was a success. a off b up © on d away We didn‘ sell the house as the offer fell a away b down < off d_ through I'm exhausted. I've got too much my plate. ain b at © on d by Marina was fire for making bad decisions. on under by ance " 12 13 14 15 16 7 18 9 20 Units 1& 2 Don’t reveal your — information online. a personal b access € identity user Is not a email, so don't reply to the message. 2 moral b impressive € provoked d legitimate | was the victim of theft. a personality b identity character dlink Lucinda has a remarked linked updated d related Congratulations! That's such — news. a exciting b shocking © ideal 4 critical Deborah was taken — by his harsh criticism. a down b up aback ‘Their imprisonment has up international outrage. a. stirred brushed © cut d backed She'd never tell Theo he was boring — his face ain b to © by d for ‘They set to build a successful retail business. a off b out to dup A little — told me you passed all your exams! a. canary b owl © cat d bird her status to ‘in a relationship’.Qrammar B Choose the correct answers. 1 outrage, 7 (Oh, no. I think | __my wallet at home. a leave b amleaving have left d_ have been leaving Is he getting enough sleep? He exhausted! b is seeming € has seemed d_ has been seeming We —_ to spend the weekend in Paris. I can’t wait! 2 decide b are deciding have decided will be deciding Lynn very well recently. a doesn't feel b isn't feeling © used to feel di hasn't been feeling — the mail yet today? I'm waiting for a parcel a. Do they deliver b Are they delivering ¢ Have they delivered d_ Have they been delivering Until recently, my granny —for long walks. a have always been going had always been going © are always going would always go (Our postman — our mail for years. a has delivered bb has been delivering © isdelivering would deliver ‘She ___me a cup of tea in bed, which was so kind. a will bring b is bringing brought was bringing The film __ when we got to the cinema, a already started has already started € had already started d_ would already be starting Before becoming an artist, Doris in a bank. has worked used to work would work has been working aooe " 12 13 14 15 16 7 18 19 20 Don't worry. Caroline you tidy your room, a will help b would help ¢ will have helped d_ has been helping The show —_ by the time | turned on the TV. a had finished b has been finishing € will have finished will have been finishing Brian told me he _ me paint the house next week. a will help b will have helped will be helping would help By the time the cake ready, the boys will be home. a is b was © willbe d would be — on holiday in June or July? What do you think? ‘2 Dowe go b Would we go € Shall we go d Have we gone | can't go out tomorrow. | all day for my exams. a will have revised b_ would be revising € will be revising d_ will have been revising He will start driving to work once he — his test. 2 is passing b will pass will have passed has passed What are your plans? football on Saturday? 2 Will you pley b Are you going to play Do youplay d_ Have you played My grandparents for 50 years in April a are married b had been married € will have been married dare going to be married He had a feeling he the race, so he didn't try a wouldn't win b won't win € isn't winning hasn't won view 1 Units1&2Review 4 Wa one Use of English C Choose the correct answer. Bill Gates The founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, has achieved (1) __ success as a computer programmer, inventor and entrepreneur. His path to that point, however, was anything but typical. While attending Harvard University in the 1970s, he made a (2)_ move and left university before graduating to start his own company. His parents did't | like the idea at first, ut Gates (3) __ down and worked hard to get their support. He founded Microsoft in 1975, which after a few short years caused a(n) (4) in personal computing. During the time that Gates was at the head of the company, some of his employees regarded him as (5) and arrogant. He would sometimes (6) — in on | presentations, expressing his dislike for certain ideas and proposals. He was often described as being (7) —;he did | whatever he liked and was often hard to reach either in or out of the office. But whatever anyone may have thought of these minor shortcomings, Gates was a (8) competitor in the computer software industry who often (9) the competition. In his years as CEO of the company, he laboured hard at (10) __ Microsoft's range of software products, and whenever he (111) __ success in a particular area of computing, Gates guarded the position with all his might. Since then, he has won international (12) as one of the greatest computer software inventors of all time. 1a gruelling b cunning © crushing d_ staggering 2 2 gutsy b virtuous © candid d_ noble 3 a broke b_ knuckled © fell got 4 @ evolution discrimination c generation devolution 5 2 impartial b modest © mediocre d_ conceited 6 2 cut b_ break © put come 7 2 considerate b candid © noble impetuous 8 a ruthless b reckless c worthless selfless 9 2 executed b crushed snatched 4d pocketed growing b broadening lengthening elongating 11 achieved b defeated © accomplished d_ resolved 12 2 acceptance —b approval © acclaim 4 applause D Complete the text by writing one word in each gap. Failure is the key to success Someone once said ‘Failure is the key to success; each mistake teaches us something’. Some people think success means pulling (1) _______ the impossible, getting (2) ______in your career at all costs, and having all your endeavours succeed (3) _____a hitch. But what if the above saying were true? That would mean if nota single one of our plans ever fell 4), we wouldn't be learning a lesson along the way. As is the case for most, we've all come up (5) ________ problems and bad situations | that happened without (6) ___"___. How many times have you gone (7) —________ out on an assignment, only to see it fal? Or worse, you learn that another person did better than you (8) a mile, or you came (9)________ for alot of criticism for your own work when you thought you (10) your best. This has happened to all of us on (11) _____. The trick is to hang (12) with the same enthusiasm as you had before and you'll eventually get (13)_____Tiy doing things differently next time and you'll ind that you may just | (14) ~ through to new discoveries about your abilities. Then one day soon, you may be blowing everyone (15) with your tremendous success! =) =) Om LeE Think of one word only that can be used appropriately in all three sentences. 1 Ifyou can't gain — You're not allowed to view details on this profile because you don’t have In order tothe file, you have to double-click on the icon, 2. I'm afraid I don’t have the _______to be successful in life. Kelly told me the secret in soa secret it will remain. Kevin is certainly not lacking in land in fact may be a bit arrogant. account, perhaps you're using the wrong password. 2 Hyou___atyour password and do so incorrectly, you might get locked out of your account. Aia__________ I would say they know each other through Facebook I don't know how to delete a profile - your____is as good as mine! 4. Michelle's profile picture is of her riding a —______ Rachel told her kids not to around inside the house. know who hacked into your account — | got it straight from the —____’s mouth! 5 Patrick posted a picture of his new home's site online, The _________ company has a Facebook page where you can learn about new projects they're building, My blog site is still under ________ so give me.a few more days to finish it Complete the second sentences so that they have @ similar meaning to the first sentences, using the words in bold. Use between three and six words. 1. The user changed the meaning of what | said and | was quite upset about it. CONTEXT Theuser and Iwas quite upset over it 2. Aperson who puts a negative comment online usually won't tell you in person. FACE Apperson who writes something negative online usually won't 3. Idon't blog because my writing skills are quite lacking, ‘SCRATCH Because my writing skills don't do any blogging. 4 I'm too busy to help you at the moment. PLATE I can't help you because I've ____at the moment. 5 We can start the project as soon as we get the approval. GREEN We can start the project once we & She thought the online comment was very surprising ABACK She ________________ the online comment. 7 Welll have to put in many hours to finish this assignment. clock We'll haveto to finish this assignment. 8 'mwarning you net to take revenge on Neil for what he said, BACK ifm warning you Nil for what he sc nN}a Just for the Health of It Reading Ey A Read the Exam Reminder. What specific details will help you connect the missing paragraphs with the main text? B Now complete the Exam Task. Living with CFS When she was 16, Alexa Gallo was captain of her school netball team and a keen swimmer and dancer. She would bounce out of bed in the morning and keep going until late into the evening. But by the time she was 20, she was virtually bedridden. Even the effort of walking to her bedroom door would leave her utterly exhausted and in tears. 1 On top of the fluslike symptoms, she began to experience memory loss, very disturbed sleep and dizziness.'It was very upsetting; recalls Alexa.'I had no idea what was happening to ‘me, and my doctor couldn't precisely explain it either: 2 Alexa was working part-time in a beauty salon at the time, Initially, her boss was very sympathetic and told her to take ‘as much time as she needed to recover, but that easy-going attitude changed when Alexa was still unable to work after a month. One day she got a call to say that they couldn't keep her Job open any longer and they were going to employ someone else./3 You are going to read an extract from a magazine article about living with a disease called Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). Five paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A -F the one which best fits each gap. There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. D A No ethnic or racial group is more or less likely to contract CFS, but itis more common among women ‘than among men. In fact, between 60 and 85% of. reported cases are women. However, there is some evidence to suggest that the occurrence of the disease in men is underreported. The disease is most common among 40- to 60-year-olds, with children and adolescents less likely to contract it than adults “wasn't surprised,’ says Alexa. ‘And to be honest, Iwas much too ill to care. | knew | couldn't work anyway. Luckily, | was stil living with my perents at the time, so | didn’t have to pay rent or other bills. But | don’t know how | would have coped if| hadn't been able to rely on my parents. Today, Alexa enjoys a normal fe and her CFS seems. a distant memory. She is married and has two healthy children, She works out at the gym two or three times a week and goes for long femily walks at the weekend. But she is one of the few lucky ones. A vast number of people never fully recover from the disease and there is still no known cure. Ith of It Exam Looking for connections * Remember to frst read the main text to get an idea of the overall message. Focus on how the ideas are developed and take note of grammatical tenses. + Then reread the sentences just before and just after each missing paragraph, and underline any key words * Next, read each missing paragraph carefully and focus on topic links and grammatical structures which could connect with the main text. Match the paragraphs. * Finally, read the main text again and check it makes sense with the added paragraphs. It wasn't only her job that she lost. As time went on, she saw less and less of her friends. Frankly, | think they just got bored with me. | don't blame them. They would come to visit me, but | was often too ill to see them or unable to talkto them. was oblivious.’ In the end, most of her friends gave up coming altogether. (4 What was the turning point? “There wasn'ta turning point as such; says Alexa. There was just a gradual diminishing of the symptoms - butit was extremely gradual, and there were plenty of setbacks on the way. For example, sometimes 2 symptom would disappear for a while only to come back worse than before. Bu, at a certain point I realised there was light at the end of the tunnel! 5 Exam Task So what caused this dramatic change? At first, Alexa thought she had bad flu. She awoke one day with a severe headache, a sore throat and aching muscles. But whereas a bout of flu would have cleared up after a few days, especially in such a young, fit person, ‘Alexa's symptoms just seemed to grow in number and E Having lost her job and her friends, Alexa hit rock bottom. ‘I honestly wished | was dead. | was in constant pain and there didn’t seem to be any way out. | tried psychological therapy, physical therapy and lots of different diets, but nothing seemed to make any difference.’ F Eventually, after various scans and lots of tests, she was diagnosed with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), a disease that causes severe tiredness and prevents the sufferer from performing normal, everyday activities The diagnosis took a long time because the only way to be sure that @ person has the disease is by eliminating all the other possible diseases that have similar symptors.Vocabulary ‘A Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words. 1. Susan had_____ feelings ebout taking the medication her Mix doctor prescribed because of the unpleasant side effects, 2. Although he was seriously injured, Donald wes only just conscious and seemed to be © pain. OBLIVION 3. It’s just 2___ppain. Luckily nothing is broken. MUSCLE 4. Poor Grandpa. He's getting more and more _________ every day. FORGET 5 People often don't realise how important it is to eat : food NUTRIENT when they're training, 6 How _____do you think this diet will be? BENEFIT 7. Jilly lost too much weight on her diet end now she's really BONE & The _ of the illness involves taking medicine and lots of bed rest. TREAT B Complete the text with these words. ‘anorexic dehydrated emotional intravenous monitored psychological physical recovered relieved undernourished The diagnosis I know it sounds crazy, but | actually felt (1) ______ the day I was diagnosed with coeliac disease. Finally, there was a reason why | had constant stomach aches, couldn't keep my food down and kept losing weight. Having coeliac disease means you're allergic to gluten, a protein found in wheat, so no more bread or pasta for me. | realise now that it had been going on for years. My doctor had come to the conclusion that my symptoms were (2) because | was always in such a(n) (@)____ state when | saw him. He even prescribed antidepressants, but | refused to take them. | wasn’t depressed: | was ill. More months went by, and as | lost more and more weight, my friends and family began to think | was (@)__. But | was desperate to eat and enjoy my food. Then, after having lasagne for dinner one night, | had such a bad reaction that | ended up in hospital, where they put me on a(n} ()___ drip because | was so (6) And that was when the tests were finally done and they found out that it wasn’t all in my head. It was a(n) (7)_______ illness afer all. | was kept in hospital for a few days as | had become seriously (8) ____~I had been sick for so long, | hada serious vitamin and mineral deficiency. Then | had to be (9) for six months until | regained the weight Id lost, But I've been on a gluten-free diet ever since and now | feel fantastic. I've completely (10)C Choose the correct answers. 1 D The words in bold are in the wrong sentences. Write each word next to the correct sentence. 1 8 E Match the ousane Because it's a very deep wound, it will probably take a few months before it's completely —_. a recovered healed © fixed Anthony has got such a(n) __ imagination that | sometimes worry he loses track of reality. a. vivid b mental © alive In order to produce an exact copy, you'll need __ measurements. a stern b proper © precise Veins, arteries and capillaries are all blood a lines b vessels © ways Because Fiona suffers from low bload __, she often feels dizzy, especially if she gets up too quickly. a pressure b force © flow ‘There are four main blood A, B, AB and O. a kinds b varieties © types Luckily, nobody was seriously in the accident. a. injured b damaged —¢ harming ‘Three soldiers were mortally and died shortly after reaching hospital. a harmed b wounded hurt After her accident her legs were in a terrible state, with splitting sores that took ages to heal. Poor Peter had such a violent running fit that he threw up. ‘Some internal functions like sneezing are very difficult to control. She's so old now, she has terminal eyesight and very poor hearing. The effect of obesity on people's bodlly organs is more dangerous than its effect on their appearance. He was diagnosed with a failing illness and died within six months. Some psychiatrists believe that mental illness is caused by a coughing imbalance: in the brain and that only medication can bring on a cure. Laura had such a chemical headache that she had to go to bed in a darkened room, Karen had food poisoning had to have my appendix taken out because “The first time | watched an operation when | was at medical school, I avoid going to the doctor's because ‘Andrew's immune system is so weak The children came down with chickenpox | always pick up a virus from other people in the waiting room. ‘and had to be kept at home until their spots healed. and spent all night throwing up. | don’t think he could fight off a common cold | passed out and banged my head really badly. it was very inflamed and I was in agony, st parts of the sentences 1 - 6 to the second parts af. oo0o0000E | Grammar Pronouns A Circle the correct words. 1. It was Jess herself / himself who decided it was best if she ate more vegetables. Those / Them who don’t approve cf the decision should write to or email the director. Unfortunately, there's anything / nathiig the doctor can do to help him. My grandparents have given each GtnSeanthet a lot of happiness over the years. Anyone / All who'd like to come to the gathering is very welcome. | think their relationship is quite serious as they've already met one other's / one another's parents. | don't know if I should buy thes / BES shoes here or these / those over there. I'm afraid every / all of these medicines are now out of date. You mustn't use them. eYoaRen B Complete the text with these words. everyone herself nothing others Some! someone something yourself Art therapy After her cancer diagnosis, Celia and her husband were devastated when they realised this wasn't (1)_________ that was going to go away in a few weeks or months. But then Celia decided she had to pull (2) —__ together and be positive to give her recovery a chance. So when one of the nurses at the hospital suggested art therapy, she jumped at the chance. Even though she had never painted before, she loved going to the sessions from the start 1Q)______is incredibly supportive. (4) ofthe patients were brilliant artists and just came for the company. (5) —__, like me, had hardly picked up a paintbrush and really appreciated the help they got. it's brilliant because you forget (6) — and what is happening to your body.’ And now, two years later, Celia is much better. (7) —__ 's certain, | know, but I'm enjoying each day as it comes. Next week, I'm exhibiting three of my paintings in the town hall and, who knows, (8) —__ may even buy one!” -_ Adverbs C Underline one adverb or adverb phrase in each sentence. 1. My brother never goes to the gym because he's lazy. Alice is going to stay with her aunt and uncle. Vi hand my homework in tomorrow. “Thomas is leaving in three weeks. I've taken some painkillers to get rid of my headache. ‘These instructions are incredibly complicated. D Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences. | will only go if it is absolute necessary, —————_____ (Oh, no! The car alarm has gone off and the baby is widely awake, You have to work extremely hardly if you want to get into medical school, —___ ‘These shoes are really uncomfortable small. | should have got a bigger pair. This is a high effective weight loss programme. It’s well worth following. —____ Unfortunate, many patients wait more than an hour before they are seen by the doctor. Strange enough, even though it was boring, I'd go to a cricket match again. It’s so annoying! She always arrives lately or early. Why can't she just be on time? evounwnsE Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in bold. 1. I'm going to stop reading this book. It’s boring. DESPERATE 2. Henry has been very tired of We're not sure what's wrong with him. LATE 3. Charlesis very ambitious. He has always aimed no matter what he's doing. HIGH 4. Gran always unwrapped presents___________so she could reuse the paper. CAREFUL 5. Frank was devastated when he heard the terrible news. UTTER 6 That ring is May's most______pprized possession. Her mother gave it to her. HIGH 7 Please don't drive so on this road. It’s really dangerous. FAST 8 Paul has been feeling much better _. He'll be back at work very soon. LATE Listening A Read the Exam Reminder. How should you deal with scientific information? B aw Listen and complete the Exam Task. Exam Task You will hear a radio interview about flu pandemics. For questions 1 - 6, choose the best answer (a, b, ¢ or d) which fits best according to what you heer. 1 How does Andrew define what he does for a living? a He looks for cures for infectious diseases. b He educates people on personal hygiene. ¢ He studies the origin, spread and prevention of diseases in populations. d_ He looks for ways to prevent conditions like obesity and heart disease. 2 Many healthy pigs were killed in 2009 because a they caused the swine flu pandemic. bb infected pigs had passed the virus on to humans. eating pork from pigs with flu could transmit the disease. dit was thought the swine flu pandemic had originated from infected pigs 3. What do experts know about the origin of the 2009 flu epidemic? a They have no idea where it originated, b They know the first diagnosis was in Mexico. ¢ Experts are sure it originated outside Mexico. The first boy to be diagnosed lived in Mexico City ca Listen again and check your answers. Health ca 3 ROTO a Exam Dealing with scientific information + Remember to read through the questions and options carefully before you listen. You will have time to do this in the exam. + Don't worry ifthe topics are technical or scientific. You are not expected to understand everything. + The first time you listen, focus on the stem question and make notes. * Then, the second time you listen, look carefully at the options and your notes to help you choose the right option. How meny people died from the H1N1 virus in the 2009 pandemic? fewer than 18,500 b_ over 600,000 € close to 20,000 d_ in excess of 300,000 Most researchers believe that the Spanish flu pandemic resulted in aa minimum of 25,000,000 deaths. fewer than 25,000,000 deaths. € fewer deaths than those caused by World War | dover 100,000,000 deaths. Today, flu epidemics are likely to cause fewer deaths tha they used to because a there is @ cure. b_ everybody is vaccinated ¢ people know how to prevent contegion. d_ people wash their hands more,riting: an information sheet A Read the writing task below and decide if the statements are true or false. Write T for true or F for false. Write your information sheet. You work for an adventure travel company: Youhave been asked to produce an information sheet giving wekkers advice on a three-day excursion in th jungle, bared anithaEliowing areas: for your colleagues. dothes 2. You should write in an informal, friendly style. 3. You will need to explain what trekkers should bring, You shouldn't mention any of the risks involved in jungle trekking, 1. You are writing the information equipment sleeping arrangements health and safety a oo0aoda "B Read the example information sheet and complete it with these headings. — - A great night's sleep Comfortable clothes Health and safety Essential stuff Jj Jungle tour 7 Here are some tips to ensure you have « brilliant and safe jungle adventure. ” @ - With daytime temperatures up to 32°C and The jungle is rainy and full of wildlife. Here humicity levels close to 80%, it will feel very _are the essentials to keep you safe and hot and sticky. There will also be plenty of comfortable: mosquitoes. Follow these guidelines for a comfortable trek: ‘© Make sure your backpack is waterproof. * Bring a top quality mosquito net with you. * Spray insect repellent at least twice a day. + Never, ever go barefoot in the jungle! * Wear cotton clothing and bring a spare set of clothes and extra socks. * Wear long trousers and long-sleeved tops to protect your skin from sunburn and 4) pees It's a good idea to pack a few basics in a + Wear a hat, walking boots and long socks. first-aid kit: q * plasters for those inevitable blisters, You'll be amazed how noisy the jungle is after ° ‘insect repellent andl suncream dark. If you think this will keep you awake, Follow these tips and you'll have a fantastic | bring earplugs with you. time! | C Read and complete the Exam Task below. Don’t forget to use the Useful Expressions on deaths than page 41 of your Student's Book. Exam Task You work for @ sports and adventure summer camp. You have been asked to produce an information sheet giving campers advice on the following areas: a good information sheet + Remember that the main aim of an information sheet is to communicate * available sports and activi + clothes and equipment facts clearly and concisely. * sleeping arrangements Use headings and bullet points to + health and safety organise your facts, but make sure you Write your information sheet in 220-260 words in an have an appropriate introduction and appropriate style conclusion Don't forget to use a suitable register: formal, semi-formal or informal, Bae eee dcpanag on yomeuxtanc.Identifying the purpose of a text Remember that it's important to understand the writer's purpose and attitude in a text. Firstly, identify the text type. Then think about where you rmight read the text, and who could it be written for. Pay careful attention to questions which ask you about the writer's opinion, Look carefully for words and expressions in the main text that link to the answer options in the questions. A Read the Exam Reminder. How can you “ identify the purpose of a text? B_ Now complete the Exam Task. Hollywood takes on Bollywood ‘Aswell as being the wealthiest and ‘over 20 million inhabitants, Mumba +o India’s incredibly prolific Heid-language fim industry. This is no cottage industry. Every year Bollywood ~ the word is a portmanteau ‘Sf Bombay and Hollywood — produces roughly twice the number df feature films that are made in Holywood These Hindi fms are watched by an audience of 3 billion people worldwide, whereas the ‘otal audience for Hollywood films is only about 2.6 billion However, 1 surprising truth behind thase statistics is that 80% of the revenue jrom Bollywood flms comes from inside Incia, while 50% of the money made from Hollywood films comes from outside the US, but almost none ofit from nda, most populous city in India, with formerly Bornibay) is home ‘Any film buff who has watched both a traditional Bollywood film and a Hollywood blockbuster will perhaps understand why there is so Title crossover between the audiences for these flms. They are simply worlds apart. From the perspective of an audience used to watching Hollywood blockbusters, Bollywood films are puzzling and impossible to categorise. They follow conventions that are simply not reflected in American films Bolywood films are always very long (three hours is normal) and therefore they have an interval-They often combine elements of what a western audience would consider different genres within the same film, For example, whatever the storyline ‘nd wherever it takes place, a Bolywood firm will almost iwanaby Contain footage with singing and dancing Those scenes wil involve lots of extras n costume and often be filmed in the Swiss Alps even ‘though the main story probably unravels in an Indian ciy.To the For questions 1 ~ 6, read the passage below. Then select which answer (a, b, € ord) fills the blank. 1 Bollywood films are a twice as popular as Hollywood films. mainly watched by Indians in India. ¢ as popular outside their country of origin as Hollywood films. d produced in small-scale industries. 2. How much of Hollywood's revenue comes from non- ‘American audiences? a. afifth bless than a fifth c half d_ more than a half Compared to Bollywood films, Hollywood films ‘are unstructured and tend to have weak story lines. could be considered plain and unadorned. Usually straddle different styles. ‘may appear unrealistic and surprising. ance ction! hts, Camera, A Exam western eye, the transition between these scenes is abrupt and ‘startling,To the Indian, no film is complete without good songs and dances In other wares, having a Seamless plot is considered fess important than making a strong visual and aural impact Holipwood would love nothing more than to break into the vast ‘and potentialy lucrative Indian market, but their efforts have been in vain. ncian auciences just don't like Amentan films in the way other audiences do. New, having faied to sell their ov films into India, most of the big Hollywood studios are investing in Bollywaod-stye films. These are shot in India in Hindi, using Indian actors, drectors and crews, However, so far these, too, enjoyed litle success. This fs perhaps less to do with cultural issues in the films themselves (afterall they are, except for the funding, entirely Incian) than with issues relating to the Incian marketplace, “The truth is that most Bollywood films don’t make money either In fact, Indian studios only succeed by producing many films and: hoping that one or tho of them become hits. Up until now, Hollywood has only dipped its toe into the water of Indian cinema IFit wants to succeed in the Indian box office, it will probably need! to mpi, In the meantime, Hollywood and Bollywood will remain poles apar ‘As one indian reviewer said of the groundbreaking Hollywood pi Ghandi about the life of Indian civ rights activist. Mahatma Ghandl thought the film was pretty good, actualy. but it perhaps lacked a song and dance numbers Exam Task 4 Indian audiences prefer the films they watch to a have an unambiguous and succinct plot. bbe lengthy and include features of musicals. € be set in Switzerland. d_ be stronger visually than musically. 5. The author of the article believes that Hollywood needs to invest heavily in Indian films. has no option but to invest in Bollywood films. has already achieved success in Bollywood. must introduce Bollywood-siyle films to a worldwide audience. Asa business model, Indian producers a make few, carefully-researched, high-quality films which are often financially successful make musicals inspired by Hollywood, which are watched all over the world. are mainly concerned in producing art rather than ‘making money. rely on a few films to be box office successes and make money for the industry. aoeocabulary Circle the correct words. This is a traditional play - you would never call @%BUIREBreaking / heart-warming. | saw the most heart-rending / cutting-S8@8 fim last night - even my father had a tear in his eyel My producer / agent is always putting my name forward for films and TV shows. I'm never out of work. Diana is an extraordinary film editor / BSSRRIBBERBEEE When she puts a film together, she makes magic. We have to listen to the director / prSdUBSt. Afterall, without him, there would be no financing for ths film: That actress could never learn her acts /1i@S and always had someone holding them up for her in the studio. I'm a(n) usher / gaffer at the National Theatre, so | can stand at the back and watch all the plays for free. James's ambition is to put on set / St8@8 plays. He just loves the theatre. @Vouruns B Read the Exam Reminder. How can you find the right word? aan —— Exam | C Now complete the Exam Task. Choosing the correct word | Exam Task . = a text, Write : | to first read the complete text for general | | For questions 1 6, read the passage below. Then select which trderstanding. Ther read each sorsenes witha so the vast | | answer (a, b, € or ) fils the blank. missing ward carefully, to make sure you know ims in the ‘own films what type of word is missing + Look at the multiple-choice options and check for collocations, prepositions or fixed expressions. ‘+ Finally, check the sentence with the word you have chosen to make sure it makes sense. Birthday surprise had a fantastic time (1) _ my 21st birthday last Fridey. gin Knowing how much | love the theatre, my parents had got c a specialeffects makeup artist a set designer a costume designer a theatre director a successful TV actor a film actor a doorman at @ hotel ranmooo> ‘a sound engineer 44) Listen again and check your answers. Lights, Carr Dealing with two tasks simultaneously ‘© With multiple-matching questions, you need to complete two tasks simultaneously, so remember to read oth parts of each task carefully before you start to listen. words or expressions written down! dissatisfaction with a recent job joy at returning to his/her past career amazement at getting a wonderful job irritation due to working so long, delight at his/her fame annoyance at working with difficult people disappointment at not being recognised acceptance of a current situation Examiting: a review Read the writing task below and answer the questions. You see the following announcement on 8 thestre review website, Have you been to any outstanding plays or 1 Wito will Be:rsading your toview?, musicals recently? If so, why not write 4 review What will you be writing about? Can you write about films or TV? Can you choose a play you didh’t like? about it and say why you would recommend it. The best review will be published in our next issue. RON Read the example review and complete it with these words and phrases. a Allin all unreservedly and wholeheartedly b brilliantly adapted for the theatre @ made the whole experience unforgettable ¢ But the real stroke of genius f to appeal to modern audiences latilda the Musical Time Out magazine called it ‘the best British musical in years’, and other reviewers were aually generous in their praise. Appealing to children, parents and grandparents alike, it was eund to be a smash hit. reviews like these, | was determined to see Matilda the Musical when | came to London and delighted to say | wasn't disappointed. Roald Dahl's children’s book has been (1) by iter Denis Kelly and Australian comedian, composer and songwriter Tim Minchin. Although it mains true to the spirit ofthe original novel, thas been brought up to date (2) _. There many hilarious touches, ike the ballroom dancing scene between Matilda's mother and slimy dance partner, who perform a Latin dance worthy of Strictly Come Dancing, one of, tains favourite TV shows. ever, what (3) were the brilliant songs, catchy and hilarious, and the ‘extraordinarily clever lyrics. Added to that were the marvellous and inventive set, the dazzling choreography and the extraordinarily talented cast. (4) must be casting a male actor me = Miss Trunchbull, the wonderfully evil Olympic hammer-throwing headmistress at Matilca’s s=chool. He very nearly steals the show and I don’t doubt he will go down in theatre history as | ane of the great villains of the stage. ber to read to listen. pill be Bor cons which 5 it was a hugely entertaining evening and I'm still humming the songs now, two ‘weeks later. So, finally, let me recommend Matilda the Musical (6) Ifyou get the chance to go, don’t mis it © Read and complete the Exam Task below. Don't forget to use 7 the Useful Expressions on page 53 of your Student's Book. “ji ia Gy Exam Task Jf understanding the purpose of a review + Remember that when writing a review your main aim is to describe what you have seen without giving away the whole Awebsite you visit features film and theatre reviews written by its readers, You decide to contribute to the website. Write a review of a film or play you have seen, explaining why you did or did not enjoy it and whether or not you would recommend it to others. plot. Be clear about the genre of the piece Write your review in 220-260 words in an appropriate style. and the audience itis aimed at. With this type of review, describe the acting, direction, set and costume design, for example. Finally, give your opinion and decide whether you would recommend it or not. Pe (@r-Tanl-lr-riting: a review A Read the writing task below and answer the questions. You see the following announcement on a theatre review website Have you been to any outstanding plays or 1 Who will be reading your review? musicals recently? If so, why not write a review 2 What will you be writing about? about it and say why you would recommend it. 3 Can you write about films or TV? The best review will be published in our next issue. 4 Can you choose a play you didn't like? Read the example review and complete it with these words and phrases. 2 Allinall d_ unreservedly and wholeheartedly b_ brilliantly adapted for the theatre e made the whole experience unforgettable But the real stroke of genius ¥ to appeal to modern audiences Matilda the Musical Time Out magazine called it ‘the best British musical in years’, and other reviewers were equally generous in their praise. Appealing to children, parents and grandparents alike, it was bound to be a smash hit. ith reviews ike these, | was determined to see Matiida the Musical when | came to London and! im delighted to say | wasn’t disappointed, Roald Dahl’ children's book has been (1)___by ‘citer Denis Kelly and Australian comedian, composer and songuriter Tim Minchin. Although it remains true to the spirit of the original novel, it has been brought up to date (2) There ‘re many Filerious touches, like the ballroom dancing scene between Matilda's mother and her slimy dance partner, who perform a Latin dance worthy of Strictly Come Dancing, one of Biitain's favourite TV shows. However, what (2) ____were the brillant songs, catchy and hilarious, and the sswhich | extracrdinarily clever lyrics. Added to that were the marvellous and inventive set, the dazzling | choreography and the extraordinarily talented cast. (4) must be casting a male actor | = Miss Trunchbull, the wonderfully evil Olympic hammer-throwing headmistress at Matilda's | school. He very nearly steals the show and I don’t doubt he will go down in theatre history as one of the great villains of the stage 8 weeks later, So, finaly, let me recommend Matilda the Musical (6) chance to go, don't miss it | C Read and complete the Exam Task below. Don't forget to use the Useful Expressions on page 53 of your Student's Book. . it was a hugely enteriaining evening and I'm still humming the songs now, two Ifyou get the Exam Task Jf understanding the purpose of a review * Remember that when writing a review your main aim is to describe what you have seen without giving away the whole Awebsite you visit features film and theatre reviews written by its readers. You decide to contribute to the website. Write a review ofa film or play you have seen, explaining why you did or did not enjoy it and whether or not you would recommend it to others. plot Be clear about the gence of the piece Write your review in 220-260 words in an appropriate style. and the audionee it ls aimed at. With this type of review, describe the acting, direction, set and costume design, for example Finally, give your opinion and decide | ¥D Writing Reference p. 178 in Student's Book whether you would recommend it or not.Review 2 Vocabulary A Choose the correct answers. 1 10 lan fell asleep —_ to the noise around him. a unconscious bb ignorant € oblivious d. insensible | was given instructions to follow. a precise b dofined © vast d vivid The doctor __ antibiotics for my chest infection, a monitored b responded € arranged d prescribed It's easy to suffer from in this heat. a drying b parching dehydration hydration The baby couldn't drink and had to receive fluids. a inwardly b intravenously ¢ infectiously internally There is no vaccination yet for malaria, a. effective b efficient ¢ beneficial d_ functional Luke is at home today because he's a cold. a come up with b come away with < come down with d_ come far with This purple mark on my arm is just aln) —. a sore b wound © bruise injury The largest internal 3 piece b structure © part organ She's very ill, but we don’t think it's —. closing b terminal «ending terminating is the liver " 12 13 14 15 16 7 18 9 20 Oat ecm ar Its a__ story about love and friendship. a heart-moving b heart-warming ¢ heart-cheering heart-rending W's a very long play, but there are two. a intervals b interludes breaks pauses Don’t st in the front It's too close to the screen. a line b file © row d aisle ‘The concert was bad because we hadn't enough. a. reviewed b coached ¢ assembled di rehearsed We were invited 2 offstage b onstage backstage d_ behind stage Her best — a. show b character € performance d_ appearance It was wonderfull The ceremony went — hitch, a with b without within ‘Who was the female in Titanic? a lead b leader © principal prime His film __ of President Lincoln was amazing. a representation b interpretation © portrait d_ portrayal That actor suffers from terrible fright. platform theatre dramatic stage _ to meet the actors, ‘was as the nurse in Romeo and Juliet. aooeGrammar B Choose the correct answers. 1. Look over thera! a Thisis | b That's ¢ These are Those are the one | was te! 2. Have you met? Let me introduce you. Tanya. a Here is b There is ¢ Thisis d Thatis 3. You sound worried. Is a anything b something anybody everything 4 Vloved i a Few b Any © Each Either 5. They admired __ dresses. a. each other b each other's, © another's done another 6 Miriam offered to help. She's a good friend 2 no hesitation b inhesitation without hesitation hesitating 7 It's__ hot today, 2 uncomfortable not comfortable © comfortiess uncomfortably 8 I was so tired I could _ keep my eyes open. a hard b hardly € absolute d_ absolutely 9 You know you haven't worked enough. a hard b hardly high highly 10. Although they are rich, they liv in a modest house, incredible widely enormous enormously _ OK? — novels are as brilliant as this one. aoos " 12 13 14 15 16 7 18 19 20 You really should avoid __ up so late. a stay b tostey © staying d have stayed Did you know —_ was his passion? a sail b tosail © gosailing d sailing Nadia was too scared that horror movie. a watch b to watch € watching d_ have watched They weren't strong enough —. a toliftit lifting it € lifting d for lft You'll __ to your destination by bus, a. taken b taking «be taken d_ be taking I'm afraid | forgot a by b tobuy © buying d_ to have bought I can't remember — a see b tosee © seeing have seen milk I'll go out and get some now. your wallet. Sorry ‘She was hoping — for the lead part in the schoo! ply. a choose b choosing «to choose tobe chosen I can't say | enjoyed it. _. it was my own fault. | didn't make much of an effort a Bythe way b Surely ¢ Siill Admittedly You choose the film. __, it’s your birthday. a Asa matter of fact b After all © Obviously Naturally 33Use of Snalish C Choose the correct answers. Sleep study ‘Anew study shows that a lack of sleep can make vaccines less (1) _.. The study wes conduct (2) __ their sleep patterns after giving them the vaccine used for (3) __ off hepatitis B. The in which researchers set of procedures. The first and second doses were given one month (4) _ was administered according to a (5) ‘apart from each other, proteins in their bodies that normally (6) between the two groups: the participants who slept less than amount of these proteins than people who slept more than 7 ho than 11 times as licely to (8) down with hepatitis B. Research people's ability to ward off colds, the (10) — and other types of sleep may affect the body's immune system, which naturally helps the body to sleep may have its own (12) — properties. and the final one was given after six month Ulaliemcm ea -od on 125 participants hs. At that point, the participants were tested for nto the presence of hepatitis B. Surprisingly, there were (7) differences 6.5 houts per night on average had a significantly lower urs per night. The group lacking in sleep were more has already proven that a lack of sleep can (9) ilinesses. This specific study shows that a lack of (11) from illnesses. It seems that 1 a valuable b successful ¢ effective d_ qualified 2 a practised b prescribed consulted + d._ monitored 3a fighting b passing © picking throwing 4 a function b property «discovery d_ treatment 5 a contended b wholesome —¢_ physical precise 6 a consult b respond € relieve sprain 7 a vivid b vast oblivious di scatty 8 a arrive b get © come d go 9 a harm b wound © injure d heal 10 a disease b fu € sickness 4. condition 11 a suffer b provide © recover @ result 12 a medicinl medical ¢ medicated d_ medicine D Complete the text with the correct form of the words. The hypothalamus ‘The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that controls (1)_____—funetions such as BODY hunger, sleep, and body temperature. It tells us when there is an (2) —______in our BALANCE bodies, for instance, it indicates that we're becoming (3) —__ by making us fee! HYDRATE @)— "when we don’t drink enough water. Its located in the centre of our brains THIRST and is about the size of an almond, The hypothalamus works with the body's nervous system and ‘organs to interpret signals that come from all areas of the body. thas a way ©) —__ "that we need to change our diets. The hypothalamus NOURISH of telling us when we're (6) —____ also controls behavioural responses to emotions. It explains why, for example, an actor who has «can't go out on stage, or why when we see sad films that pull on our we tend to cry. Poor nutrition can cause the hypothalamus to suffer from ‘and if left unchecked, these problems can lead to changes in weight, fatigue, and hair loss. stage (7) @— 1) (10) cc son Ned [Ulgioeen: INTERNAL FRIGHTEN HEART ORDER HEAD1 The play is considered a tragedy, but I'm sorry | left you waiting at the th wmour in for laughs. fe gotten the dates up, feelings about it I'm not sure ifIliked the play or not, so 2. You're promising to buy the tickets, by ____is cheap ~ I want to see the tickets first. Although her mother tried to___ her out of it, Sheila moved to Lendon to act in the theatre. You're an actor in film and I'm an actor o: —I'm afraid we don't the same language. 3. His brother was working in film, so Jed 10 follow his and work in film also. IF you think you can do your job better than me, then by all means — the way! Jeffrey won't be playing the male in the film; they chose another actor. 4 The play will be shut down until further The director failed to take___of the extra set pieces on stage. IF the star of the play doesn’t show, let me know and I'l be there at a moment's 5 Youneed to grow up and become serious about your future. Don't_________ the fool I'm not sure what we should do tonight -let’s just __ it by ear. Whether I'm at work or at , | try to enjoy myself. Complete the second sentences so that they have a similar meaning to the first sentences, using the words in bold. Use between three and six words. 1. Joseph has been acting since he graduated from drama schoo. PROFESSION Joseph has been 2. Don't believe her story not a word of its true. ACT Don’t believe what she's telling you ~ she's 3. Michael continued to tak like a pirate backstage even CHARACTER since graduating from drama school. ‘ough his role had finished, Even though his role had finished, Michael___________________ backstage. 4 Helen let nothing stand in her way of becoming a film star. OBSTACLES Helen in order to become a film star. 5. She changed her mind and decided not to attend the play. HEART She decided not to attend the play because she 6 He wasn’t sure the audience at the back could hear, so he yelled loudly. LUNGS He shouted _________so the audience at the back could hear. 7 The two stars of the film hate each other and argue all the time. THROATS The two stars of the fim don’t get on and are___ - z 8 You may not ike what | have to say, but you don't have to yell at me. BITE You don't have to if you don’t like what I'm saying Units 3 & TOYReading A. Read the Exam Reminder. What should you carefully consider in each text? B_ Now complete the Exam Task. A. FITNESS OR FATNESS With obesity rates in most industrialised countries at record levels and mote and more of us leading sedentary lives, itis hardly surprising that there is so much obsession in the media about the importance of curbing ‘urcalorie intake and increasing the amount of exercise we take. The United Kingdom Department of Health recommends a daily caloric intake for men of just over 2,500 andl for women of just below 2,000. However, there ‘a small group of people whose goal is to consume up to twice this number of calories in an attempt to attain peak physical fitness. These are the professional athletes, Olympic swimmers train long and hard. On top of ten’ gruelling sessions in the pool every week, they do strength training in the gym and undergo physiotherapy. Needless to say, they burn a lot of calories. During the 2008 Beijing, Olympics, Michael Phelps allegedly told the American ‘broadcaster NBC that he consumed up to 12,000 calories a day while training, He has since claimed that this was a myth. However, Olympic athletes certainly need a huge amount of fuel to be able to train at such intensity But it’s not just about calories. It’s important to fuel ‘up from the right food groups at the Fight tne. B_ FOOD INTOLERANCE OR FOOD ALLERGY? We are all likely at some point in out lives to have a bad reaction to a certain food. In many cases, it may be as.a result of food poisoning, which is not a reaction to the food itself, but to contaminants in the food as a result of poor storage, handling or cooking. In far fewer cases, it may mean that we have a food intolerance or a food allergy. But what is the difference and why is the distinction important? | food intolerance is often caused by a difficulty in digesting a particular substance (such as lactose, a sugar present in milk). There may be digestive symptoms such as stomach cramps or nausea, but these are usually triggered only after large amounts of the substance are consumed and the symptoms often occur several hours after the food has been eaten. People with an intolerance to a certain food learn to avoid it but may eat small amounts without experiencing symptoms. ‘A food allergy, on the other hand, is an abnormal response toa food caused by a reaction in the immune system toa particular protein. While symptoms are usually mile and ‘may be similar to those produced by a food intolerance, Exam Understanding the context in multiple texts ‘+ Remember that when answering questions about multiple extracts or articies, first read the texts and underline key information in each. + Remember to try to focus on the differing opinions, attitudes and information each text gives. «Then read the exam questions carefully and identify the section in each text which mentions similar information * Finally, re-read the relevant section carefully to identify the correct text. ‘While training, athletes require carbohydrates to keep their energy levels high and protein to repair and build muscle. They also need essential vitamins and minerals, which they get from fresh fruit and vegetables. These foods also supply them with healthy fats. Keeping hydrated is equally important. Athietes lose a lot of water through sweat, ‘The day before a competition, long-distance runners and swimmers do what is known as ‘carb-loading’. That is to say, they eat lots of carbohydrates that the muscles will store as energy to be released during the event the following day. Of course, athletes face the same problem {as the rest of us. If they eat more calories than they burn, they will put on weight, Being an Olympic athlete cannot be a piece of cake. they are much more varied and may, in rare cases, be life threatening, They include itching in the mouth or throat, swelling of the face, lips and tongue, asthuna, ‘and —much more rarely —a sudden drop in blood pressure (known as anaphylaxis). People with strong allergies to food must avoid those foods at all costs ‘The foods that most commonly trigger allergic reactions are milk, eggs, nuts and shellfish, The good news is that food allergies affect only about 6% of children and 3% of adults. The lower figure in adults is because some of the allergies more commen in children, such as an allergy to milk or to eggs, resolve themselves over time, while allergies to nuts and shellfish tend to last a lifetime,Exam Task u are going to read two articles about food and health. For questions 1 - 4, choose from the articles A and B. articles may be chosen more than once. ich article explains that obesity is due to consuming more food than you burn? ‘explains that the main cause of food poisoning is consuming food which contains harmful bacteria? describes that before competing, athletes fil up with carbohydrates as fuel for the body? oo000 describes the serious symptoms which certain elements in food can have on someone? ocabulary Complete the words in the sentences. 1. Dariel isn’t feeling well and has lost his a _ 4 2 You mustn't have sweet f____ drinks to quench your thirst 3. What an amazing meal! It was ac triumph, 4 What's your favourite ¢______? Mine's Indian. | just love “Go on, have another biscuit.’ ‘OK, Iwill. 'm f______!" Don't eat so much junk food or you will p___ on the pounds and become obese. Make sure yous_____ the casserole really slowly. You mustn't let it boll or you'll ruin it 8 Lucy decided she needed to s__ _ a few pounds before going on holiday, so she went on a strict diet. For questions 1 - 8, decide if these words are related to how food tastes, to the cooking of food or to. ways of eating. Write T for taste, C for cooking or E for eating next to the words. 1 munch Qa 5 sour Oo 2 poach a 6 bake oOo 3. gobble Qo 7 bitter Qa 4 bland | 8 blanch oOo Circle the correct words. “The Queen welcomed the President to the United Kingdom with a spread / banquet at Buckingham Palace. Can | have a second platter / helping, please? I'm still really hungry. We were ravenous / stunted after fasting for two days, so everything tasted delicious. (Oh, no, look! The bread has gone mouldy / fizzy. There are green bits all over it. You can't eat it! This cake is absolutely scrumptious / appetising! Can | have the recipe? ‘The drought went on for months, nothing grew in the fields and the animals famished / starved, Snacks lke crisps and roasted nuts are too salty / acidic for young children. They shouldn't eat them. Can | have a little nibble / sip of your drink? It looks s0 delicious.D Choose the correct answers. 1 Grammar Phrasal Verbs A Complete the second sentences so that they have a similar meaning to the first sentences, using the wo in bold. 1 “There's a casserole in the fridge that you can have for dinner. All you have to do is it up. a blanch b brew © warm Paul __ up an amazing meal for ten people in a couple of hours. | don’t know how he did it! a. beat b whipped © packed ‘How's your aunt?! ‘She's full of — and very cheerful. Incredible when you think she's 84!" a peas b beans cake ‘What's wrong? You didn’t have a first course and now you're just at your main course. a picking b dining © tucking My mum loves this stuff. She thinks its the best thing since __ bread! ‘a chopped —b cracked € sliced You know, you wil ust have to compromise. You can’t always have your — and eat it. a pie b cake cream ‘When he was training, Lucas could away half a chicken and a pizza in one sitting. a pack b dine © polish We've got a delicious chicken pie for lunch today. | can't wait to — in. a dine b tuck © pack George and Sophie had dinner in a restaurant because they didn’t feel ike cooking. our’ George and Sophie_____________because they didn’t feel like cooking, Poor Lucinda was so hungry she almost fainted, didn't she? our Poor Lucinda was so hungry she almost You shouldr't drink your juice so fast as it’s very rude. DOWN You shouldn’t__asit’s very rude. V'm afraid Robert has got the flu and will have to stay in bed DOWN Vm afraid Robert _____and will have to stay in bed. We found the house of our dreams, but the sale was cancelled. ‘THROUGH We found the house of our dreams, but I'm sure Dalia will be very successful in her career because she is very ambitious. AHEAD I'm sure Dalia_________because she is very ambitious, Louis hardly touched his dinner as he wasn’t hungry. at Louis didn’t she? as he wasn't hungry. twas a fantastic dinner and we all ate with great enthusiasm. IN It was a fantastic dinner and we allComplete the sentences with the phrasal verbs given and the correct pronoun. 1 | eel terrible. I've got a chest infection and I've been tying to ____all week (fight off) 2. You ate all the sweets and left none for me! Why did you _____? (polish off) 3. Julie works very quickly and the other ch: keep up with 4 It’s a wonderful sauce, but you must___________slowly or it wll go lumpy. (warm up} 5. Thomas has got a great recipe for chicken with ginger and garlic. He when he was experimenting in the kitchen one day. (come up with) 6 Jack is always rude to the customers, but he ver gets into trouble. How does Complete the same-way question tags. So, you've passed all your exams, _________ you? Well done! Let's stay in tonight, we? | don't suppose you'd lend me your new dress, ________ you? There's nothing to eat in the house, _________ there? She'd like to become a chef, __ she? That's surprising So it’s my tum to cook, _______ it? | thought it was David's, They gobbled up every last bit they? I'm amazed! She could stay with you, ______ she? That's great! Circle the correct tag. Mary would much rather eat in, she would / she wouldn't, | see. You refuse to eat it, do you / don't you? That’ a fantastic chocolate cake, itis / thats. Stella should cut down on the amount of salt she puts in her food, she should / she shouldn't. You'd like an ice-cream, you would / would you? Let’s go and get one now. So you always wash up, do you / you do? What are those dishes doing there then? These tomatoes aren't ripe, they are / they aren't. | think we'd better clear up this mess now, | had / | do. g the words 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 E Tick the correct sentences. Correct the sentences that are wrong. I’m going to stick to a low-carb diet from now on, I'm not: These biscuits are absolutely delicious, they are, Max hasn’t got any time to cook at the moment, he has. | don't suppose I could use your espresso machine, do I? ‘There are lots of onions in the kitchen, are there? I can't find them! She's determined to learn how to cook, Helen is. You couldn't help us out just this once, could you? I'm sure | brought the biscuits home with me, | had, evonnunsListening A Read the Exam Reminder. What will the distractors be like? Identifying distractors Remember that with this type of listening task, you will be given multiple-choice options, but you won't be asked a specific question The corract option should reflect what a speaker says during the conversation. The distractors will be carefully worded ‘wrong answers that use some of the words and ideas from the conversation. Distractors may = contain correct information, but focus on the wrong perso be partially true according to the conversation, but also contain false information. — contain information which is the opposite of what is said during the conversation. B 44 Listen and complete the Exam Task. Exam Task You will hear eight short conversations. For questions 1 - 8, choose the best answer (a, b or ), that is true according to what you hear. 1a There isn't any butter. ‘The woman hid the butter so the man couldn't find it ‘The man couldn't see the butter as it was behind, the cheese. She didn’t lat him know she was going to be out for dinner. He didn’t look at his text messages, Her message didn’t arrive. a b She is going to train to become a chef at her school, He thinks she should train before opening a restaurant. She is going to open 2 restaurant while training to be a chef. Henry used to be slim, but he's put on a lot of ‘weight recently. Henry is large, but you wouldn't describe him as obese. The woman thinks Henry should lose some weight. oe ocean Cc a Listen again and check your answers. Writing: a proposal A Read the writing task below and answer the questions. Exam She knew that tomatoes originated in Mesoamerica He knows many foods we eat originated in the ‘American continent. She didn't realise that chocolate came from the Americas, ‘The man has lost weight since he stopped eating takeaways. The woman doesn't believe that the man hasn't been ona diet. The man has been on a strict diet, avoiding fast food The man agrees to cook a curry for the woman, The woman wants a takeaway as she doesn't want to cook. The man doesn't like any sort of fast food She believes he doesn't want to eat with the family. He has been eating a lot at work. She doesn't realy believe that he will change his ways. From: principal@college.com Sent: 12° june Subject: Leaver's dinner menu We need to choose a menu for our Leaver’s Dinner next month, Here are some possibilities suggested by our students — could you please make @ recommendation? Chinese theme —> 20H option, wet Familiar te all Indian feast. —> lohs of variety, spiey ‘American alternative —> PePllar with everyout; wot special Mediterranean choice —> "ealthy and varied Write your proposal. You are a member of the student social committee at an international eollege. The principal has asked you to write a proposal recommending a menu for a dinner for those students leaving the college at the end of the year. | Read the extract from the principal's email below. Then, write your proposal. ‘Who is the target reader? What register will you use? How many menus will you discuss? What do you need to recommend?oposal for Leaver’s Dinner Menu } ‘oduction | | Chinese theme | is an exotic and original option. Some of our students have eaten Chinese food, especially takeaways, and would i joy the variety of dishes. However, other students may be reluctant to try itif they've never had it before. | dian feast } ig also an ethnic choice, which would be very popular with @ great many students. The variety of meat and | getarian dishes is appealing. On the other hand, it may be too spicy for somo of our students. | rican alternative | ryone loves burgers, chips, pizza and hotdogs. Having said that, this is a rather informal choice and not really | propriate for a Leaver's Dinner. It probably wouldn't feel special. diterranean choice | bu can't go wrong with simple chicken, fish, vegetable and pasta dishes. They are healthy, varied, delicious and | ryone loves them. Moreover, the majority of students are familiar with the food from this region. onclusion Read and complete the Exam Task below. Don’t forget to use the Useful Expressions on page 67 of your Student's Book. Understanding the purpose of a Exam Task Jf proposat You are a member of the student council at an international college '* The main aim of a proposal is to put ‘that hasn't got @ canteen. The principal has asked you to write @ forward different options and persuade proposal recommending whether or not the college should open a the reader to choose the option which ‘café, a bar or provide more vending machines. you think is best. Read the extract from the principal's email below. Then, write * Start in your introduction by telling the to write a i rapoeal reader why you are writing the proposal. * Describe the different options in your BLL iim mein poragrephs and ten give your : recommendstion in your concluding From: principal@college.com paragraph - make sure you are sent: 19" April convincing! Subject College café bar or vending machines o pinaak eas eeamieaned We need to decide whether the callege should open a café, a bar tone, formal or seriformal language, | headings and discourse markers to add ‘simply provide more vending machines in the common room. clarity and fluency to your writing, café —> vot veverages and food, oft drinks, somewhere to ment bar ~s a fan place for students to mectin the evenings, misic Venue, wo food, nok approsriate for students onder 12 more vending machines —5 food avaitavle a all times, not a healthy option, wo hot food or beveragesReading A Read the Exam Reminder. Which parts of the text will help you understand it? B_ Now complete the Exam Task. Building for Earthquakes In earthquake-prone countries all over the world, billions of people live in houses that cant withstand shaking. Yet safer ones can be built cheaply - using straw, adobe and ‘old tyres - by applying a few general principles. 1 But in less developed countries like Haiti, where a powerful quake in 2010 killed some 222,500 people and left more than a million homeless, conventional earthquake engineering is often unaffordable. “The devastation in Haiti wouldnit happen in a developed country} says engineer Marcial Blondet ofthe Catholic University of Peru, in Lima. ‘Yet it needn't happen anywhere. Cheap solutions exist? /2 Blondet’ research team has found that existing adobe walls can be reinforced with a strong plastic mesh installed under plaster; in a quake, those walls crack but dor’t collapse, allowing ‘occupants to escape. ‘You rebuild your house, but you don't bury anyone} Blondet says. Plastic mesh could also work as a reinforcement for concrete walls in Haiti and elsewhere. 3 You ate going to read an extract from removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A — F the one which best fits ea which you do not need to use. A. This means that in Peru alone millions of houses stil n countries are in a similar position. ‘There are many mil collapse in the next earthquake.” resistant has become a fact of life, Concrete walls are rest on elaborate shock absorbers. Strict building codes were credited with saving thousands of lives when 2 magnitude 8.8 quake hit Chil. Some 80% of all the planet's earthquakes occ. of the preponderance of volcanic activity there as wel giant rock slabs that make up the Earth's upper layer — collide with or slide against each other. ‘a magazine artide about Earthquakes and buildings. Five paragraphs have been In Los Angeles, Tokyo, and other rich cities in fault zones, the added expense of making buildings earthquake tur along the rim of the Pacific Ocean, called the ‘Ring of Fire’ because Exam Understanding text structure + Remember that in this type of task, you don’t need to understand every incividual word or specific ideas. Instead, it’s important to understand the structure of the text and how one idea flows on from the previous one. ‘© Think about the logical sequence of texts and look for words that mark cohesive development, such as cause ‘nd effect, contrasting arguments, use of pronouns or repetition of verb tenses. Names are a good example to carefully consider. Don't forget that the first time a person is mentioned in a text, he or she is usually eaferred to using ther fullname and title. Any following references to them may use only the person's first or last name. This could be crucial in helping you decide where to place a missing paragraph Such a house might be only a third as strong as one built on ‘more sophisticated shock absorbers, but it would also cost ‘much less ~ and so be more likely to get built in Indonesia. ‘As an engineer you ask, What level of safety do I need?" van de Lindt says. “Then you look at what’ actually available and find the solution somewhere in between’ [4 “The same stark contrast prevails in other fault zones. While ideas may be encouraging, the progress is often discouraging, Even cheap ideas arent always cheap enough. Since 2007 some 2,500 houses in Peru have been strengthened with plas ‘mesh or other reinforcements, with another 700 scheduled for this year. (5 8 Exam Tas ich gap. There is one paragraph \eed to be built at a cost of billions of dollars. Many other lions of houses around the world, Blondet says, ‘that will reinforced with stee|, for instance, and a few buildings even ll. Most earthquakes occur at fault zones, where tectonic plates archers in India have successfully tested a Other engineers are working on methods that use local materials. Rese concrete house reinforced with bamboo. A model house for Indonesia rests on ground-motion dampers designed by John van de Lindt of Colorado State University: old tyres filed with bags of sand. Innorthern Pakistan, straw is available. Traditional houses are built of stone and mud, but straw is far more resiliont, say California engineer Darcey Donovan, and warmer in winter to boot. Donovan and her colleagues started building str bale houses in Pakistan after the 2005 earthquake; so far they have completed 17. Blondet has been working on ideas since 1970, when an earthquake in Peru Killed 70,000 or more, many of whom ied when their houses crumbled around them. Heavy, brittle walls of traditional adobe ~ cheap, sun-dried brick ~ cracked instantly when the ground started buckling. Subsequent shakes brought roofs thundering down.ocavulary Match the verbs 1 - 6 with the nouns and expressions 2~f. 4. absorb Oo a energy 2 emit Oo b oxygen 3 endure a € ash and magma 4 harness q d_ extreme weather conditions 5 spew oOo e alandslide 6 trigger Oo £ carbon-dioxide Complete the sentences with the expressions from exercise A. 1. Because of global warming, we will have to more frequently in future. 2. Heavy rainfall, cutting down trees, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions can all 3. Unlike human beings who through their lungs, fish use their gil 4 Human beings ___________ when they breathe out; plants then absorb it 5. The Chilean volcano continues to, causing millions of dollars worth of damage. & We hope that in future we will___________from the wind, the sun and ocean waves. Complete the Exam Task. Exam Task For questions 1 ~ 8, read the text below and think of a word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. Desert wasteland Izwas the most exhausting and difficult journey of their lives. ‘We (1)_____set off at a vigorous pace,’ decided scouraging. | | Margot and Luke, but it wasn't long before they were struggling as 2007 they climbed the steep slopes in the (2) _____heat of with plastic |_| the day. On and on they went along narrow, stony paths that made ‘hem trip and lose their balance. Then the landscape changed and they entered a barren region with no water or vegetation. It was sweltering for them in their long trousers and heavy walking boots, ‘and they were relying (3) ______a breezy wind to cool them down. But 2s night fell, vorse was to come, The temperature dropped and they had never felt so cold in their lives. It started bucketing (4)________. Spending the night in such hostile 6) ______ listening (6) —_____ the howling ‘of desert dogs and the scuttling of scorpions on the rocky ground, ‘was a terrifying experience. For Margot, (7) had always thought of the area as a harsh (8) _____ beautiful environment, it now felt lke a bleak wasteland. She couldn't wait to get home! D Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in bold. " because Etonic plates 1. The weathers notoriously ____in Scotland. You never know what to expect. RELY 2. Thankfully, there was food to go around, so everyone survived the ordeal SUFFICE peated a 3. Birds undertake ____ in search of warmer weather and food. MIGRATE designed by 4. They had a wonderful view of the countryside from their hotel window. ‘SURROUND resent aye 5. YOUT@ed to make sure you wear adequate clothes to protect you from the ——_______._ ELEMENT iding straw- | & Peter found his father's __________on getting up before dawn quite exhausting. INSIST 7 want to find an ______to camping, but hotels are so expensive. ALTER cofwhomn | 8 She walked on determinedly, _____to the nasty, wet weather. DIFFER d brick -D Complete the sentences with down, over or up. Then underline the phrasal verbs. 1 Is bucketing There was 2 terrible drought and rivers, lakes and wells dried Ithad been a wonderful day's sailing, then suddenly, a storm blew Do you think it will clear s00n? It’s been raining since dawn The sun beat __ on my head and | was so glad I had worn my hat afterall What a relief! The storm has blown and the damage has been minimal 1 I'm not going out in this awful weather. oan Grammar Modal Verbs A. Complete the sentences with a positive or negative modal verb. 1) Seriously, you_____go out and buy a new one. I've got two. You can have one of mine. 2. Twenty years ago, many girls in this region ______ read or write, 3. Before computers and video games, kids. spend hours reading or playing outside. 4. Does it rain much there at this time of the year? Do you think | ________— pack my waterproof? 5 Thisis a disaster. Something ________ be done to protect these animals or they will become extinct. 6 I've done everything you asked me to do. ______I go and meet my friends now? 7 You use your mobile phone in this carriage. It’s not allowed. 8 You never know, it__________snow, but itis quite unlikely at this time of the year. B_ Complete the second sentences so that they have a similar meaning to the first sentences. Use the words in bold. 1. I'd like permission to leave now please. may , please? 2. It isn't necessary to lock your doors here. I's very safe. needn't You Its very safe, 3. Itisn't possible for Lucinda to be at home. | saw her a moment ago in that café. can’t Lucinda I saw her a moment ago in that café. 4. It would be @ good idea if you took the train, Jeremy. could You, Jeremy. 5 I'm certain that Oscar will be late, He always is. bound Oscar __ He always i. 6 Itisn’t necessary to buy tickets in advance. There will be plenty on the day. have to ‘There will be plenty on the day. You —__— 7. Ifyou want to be informed, | suggest you read this publication every week. should You ‘every week if you want to be informed, 8 | am sure that your keys are somewhere in the house. must Your keys the house. Perfect Modal Verbs C Complete the sentences with the correct modal perfect form of the verbs in brackets. 4. There isn't any milk! The children (finish) it this morning at breakfast. Seriously, she I'm exhausted! It’s my own fault, though. | _— tidy} her room. Its stil a terrible mes. (go) to bed so late last night 2. I'mnot sure, but | think | (leave) my gloves on the bus yesterday. 3 Anna was concerned about the kids, but she —______ (worry) as they were fine. 4 We (Give) you a liftifwe'd known you were coming, 5 6 4 & Living PlanetCircle the correct words. extinction of the dinosaurs are many theories as to why dinosaurs became extinct. One of the most popular today is ‘asteroid theory. Ths states that the dinosaurs (1) must become'/must have become extinct a huge asteroid hit Earth. The astercid (2) would throw / would have thrown enormous nts of dust into the air and plunged the world into darkness. Because plants can't grow light, the dinosaurs (3) must have starved / can’t have starved to death. Another theory is that it was a dramatic increase in voleanic activity 65 milion years ago that caused the ‘extinction. Each voleano (4) should have spewed /weuld have spewed so much magma 4ash into the atmosphere that few animals and plants (5) could have survived / needn't have |, Others believe a prolonged ice age (6) might have been / ought to have been the The dinosaurs (7) wouldn't have been able / must have been able to survive in such low atures. Yet another possibilty is that a deadly disease (8) can't have spread / may have ‘amongst the dinosaurs and ended up causing theic demise. We will never know for sure. Match the sentences 1 - 5 with an appropriate response a ~ e. They must have missed it. They should have brought their coats. They needn't have brought their own lunch. They ought to have taken a map. They can't have gone abroad, 1. It’s cold outside and they're freezing! Their passports are stil here, She had prepared a fanta: Oh, dear! The children aren't on this train Mark and Henry are completely lost. meal for them. 00000 ween istening aa Read the Exam Reminder. What do you need Identifying opinion & attitude to consider before you begin listening? Before listening: ‘+ Remember that you won't hear the exact words or ‘expressions that are in the exam questions and answers, ‘BDI! Listen and complete the Exam Task. so try to predict what you may hear. ‘+ Remember that you may also need to listen out for a Exam Task speaker's opinion or attitude e.g, agreeing in Extract One. ¥ + Don't forget to think about the different opinions that will heer two different extracts. For gpaders eau express cbout ap. stions 14, choose the best answer (a, b or ere are two questions for each extract. tract One Extract Two You will hear two people discussing the habits of the parasitic You will hear two people talking about bush fires. ‘emerald cockroach wasp. 4 What did the man know that the woman hadn't known about? ‘2 There aren't many bush fires in Australia, b Forest fires are actually quite common. ¢ Firefighters often use fire to put out forest fires. 2 What do both speakers agree on? a Forest fires are sometimes necessary. 3. Why’s the cockroach wasp extraordinary? a The female lays her eggs on the body of another insect. b The larva buries itself inside the cockroach as its safe there. ¢ The wasp larva uses its own secretions to clean the cockroach. 4. What do the wasp larva secretions consist of? b Carelessness causes fires in four out of ‘a antibiotic liquids that kill the cockroach five cases. € These days, res are managed better than they chemicals needed! to kill harmful substances in were before. the cockroach ¢ an antiseptic and antifungal liquid that cleans up its food ‘HN! Listen again and check your answers.| Writing: a Contrivution A. Read the writing task below and decide if the statements are true or false. Write T for true or F for false. 1. You should write in a formal, official style 2. You should be honest about how up some of their time to help out on a particular project. much hard work you'll expect, 3. You needn't be specific about who should apply to volunteer. 4 You should mention how volunteers can enjoy their spare time. ‘You have been asked to write a contribution for a volunteering website, which lists different volunteering projects worldwide and encourages young people to give Your contribution should: # describe a particular project run by volunteers in your country list the tasks you expect volunteers to take on + describe the kind of person project leaders are looking for + show how volunteers will benefit from volunteering. B_ Read the example contribut aim dispose improve include save thrive Project: Save our Native Birds We are a volunteer-run conservation project which (1) ______ to stop. the decline in the population of some of our best-loved native birds. We are involved in improving their natural habitat so that these birds can (2) ________ once more, The contribution of our volunteers is essential in making the project work. ‘Tasks could (3) _____ two or more of the following} + collecting seeds + @)—_of iter + emptying bins + filling up bird feeders + checking nests We are looking for young people between the ages of 18 and 25 who are hard-working and committed to (5) our native birds. No ‘experience is needed, only enthusiasm, a wish to learn and a wish to make a difference. Itwon’t all be hard work on Project: Save our Native Birds! There will be plenty of time to go swimming in the crystal clear river and to trek in the forest. And of course, you will be doing lots of bird-watching, Best of all, you will meet and spend time with other like-minded young people and form friendships that will last a lifetime. Do join us for an unforgettable two weeks! You will help (6) ‘our world and have a wonderful time doing it. % 3} Living Planet yn and complete it with these verbs in the correct form.if 'T Read and complete the Exam Task below. Don't forget to use the Useful Expressions on page 79 of your Student's Book. for false. — You have been asked to write a contribution é U magazine about @ volunteering project in you itribution should: a contribution ‘+ When writing @ contribution, your main aim is to inform the reader and give your opinion or make a recommendation. * It should start with an introduction, then the main body of the text and a J+ describe the aims ofthe volunteering p explain what sort of work the project nee: + describe the ideal volunteer 7 = conclude by describing the benefits to 0 and ; Herprolect conclusion. ‘+ Remember to use the appropriate [iste your contribution in 220-260 words in priate style. teslater + Don't forget to include all of the information requested in the exam question. Dm eesry Vocabulary A Choose the correct answers. 1 10 Review 3 You won't your thirst by drinking more coffee. a rid b shed © quench fulfill Don't give him crisps. They're too for children. a. salty b sour © sweet bitter Can | use the — from lunch to make myself a snack? a scraps b coverings extracts d leftovers Would you like a second — of lasagna? a help b helping service Stir the coffee well until the sugar is —. a softened b dissolved © melted blanched Dinner is on the table. Come and tuck —. a out b up d off There are no chocolates. Who polished them _? a up b away © out d off ‘These genetically tomatoes don’t have seeds. a modified b varied changed d revised Eating nothing but junk food can lead to. a. famine b_ underfeeding © malnutrition d. starvation You can't have your cake and — it, too. a consume b gobble © eat d scoff Se oa, " 12 13 14 15 16 7 18 9 20 Units 5 & 6 Plants __ carbon dioxide and emit oxygen. a attract b receive absorb It rarely pours, but it's often very — in this area. a. sprinkly b drizzly © torrential d dusty ‘The heat is very here in summer. a oppressed b oppressive depressed d_ depressive The harsh midday sun has — the emerging seedling: a parched b saturated scorched shrunken Heavy rain caused the deadly —. a landslide b landfall landfill landscape We are —on you to bring the food for the picnic. a trusting b confiding © hoping d relying hope it clears __ in time for our barbecue tonight. b over © up d away ‘The authorities are to the refugees’ plight. a. indifferent ignorant © uncaring d_ merciless Don't let gaming interfere __ your homework. b on © from with ‘Why do you insist leaving now. I's still early. a in b on © by d againstsonight. ‘Choose the correct answers. 1 40 We've decided of red meat we eat every week a tocut on the quantity down b to cut the quantity down on € tout down on the quantity the quantity to cut down on | spilt my drink and had to —. a it dean up b dean upit © upcleanit clean it up We'll _ tomorrow. a. pickit up b pick up it © up pick it i itpick up ‘They — during their journey. a came many obstacles up against b_ came up many obstacles against many obstacles came up against d_ came up against many obstacles So you think its all over, —? a. are you? b isn'tit? © doyou? you don't? | don’t suppose | could hand it in tomorrow, —? a could! b couldn't! « dol suppose! That's a fantastic book, a isthat b thatis € isn't that di thatiisn’t ‘You wouldn't be able to give me a lift, —? a you would b you wouldn't © would you wouldn't you She'll never finish it, —? a will she b won't she © isn'tshe hasn't she He __ the message. He'd be here if he had, can't get couldn't get can't have got can't be getting aooe " 12 13 14 15 16 7 18 19 20 The car isn'tin the drive. Dave — a must takeit b_ must have taken it needn't take it has to take it You really late or they'll go without you. a won't be b wouldn't be © could have been d_ mustn't be _some more onions, or have we got enough? a Should | get, b Would I get Would Ihave got d_ Needn't I get It's a very good make. It to last a lifetime. a should b ought © must d_ bound It__ work, but let’s hope it does. a. couldn't b mustn't € might not d_ wouldn't The appointment isn’t today It___ yesterday. a must be b_ must have been would have been d_ should be I can't find my glasses. |__ them on the train, a cantleave b can'thave left © might leave d_ might have left They — to get in. It's free a. don't have to pay b_ mustn't pay € would have paid d_ could have paid You — into your uniform. Nobody else has. a needed to change b can'thave changed needn't have changed d_ couldn't have changed He __ there. It was so much fun! should be should have been must be mustn't be ance oP Units| Units 5 & 6 Use of Sualish C Choose the correct answer. The Mediterranean way ‘There is more evidence proving the Mediterranean diet to be heart healthy and most likely helpful in (1) pounds and keeping them off. Although Mediterranean (2) is not technically low in fat, the type of (3) — acids it does contain, such as those that come from nuts and olive ol, is a much healthier form of (4) — fat than that which exists in other foods. In a recent study, participants who were overweight and suffering from (5) were placed on either 2 regular low-fat diet or a Mediterranean diet. The ones on the latter diet fared better than their counterparts in fermns of health risks. The results showed that it is not just a matter of eating low-fat (6) — of food, but itis the addition of nuts and olive oil that improves the indicators of good health. The ones who followed the regular low- fat diet also (7) ___ the risk of returning to old habits that caused them to (8) on the pounds in the first place. ‘A Mediterranean diet is easier to follow because iti filled with healthy, yet (9) —., foods such as fish, walnuts and fresh fruit and vegetables. Those who follow the diet are less likely to suffer from (10) for less healthy foods, thus making it easier to (11) __ the urge to eat meat and high-fat dairy products. Ultimately, the Mediterranean diet Contains all the nutrients needed for lifelong health, making it a diet people can (12) on for their entire lives. 1 a scraping b shredding «shedding cracking 2 a feast b cuisine € platter d spread 3a fattening b fat «fatty d. fattened 4 a diet b dieting dietician d dietary 5 a obesity b disorder ¢ malnutrition d_ indigestion 6 @ toppings b servings < coverings dflavourings 7 a packed b ren © played d quenched 8 a stuff b stack © place d pile 9 a sharp b bitter € bland d_ appetising 10. a cravings b passions © urges d_ appetites 11 a whip b resist polish d feed 12 a live b dine € pick d_ tuck D Complete the text by writing one word in each gap. Wild and windy Could you imagine living where winds exceed 240 kilometres per hour? It wouldn't be easy, (1) —_—____ it? To do so, you would (2) to travel to Commonwealth Bay, Antarctica, Earth’s windiest place. “The bay's winds are created by storms that blow (3) _______ suddenly and push air down the bay's slopes. Even more unusual are the storm clouds, which often (4) —_____up just as quickly as they form, allowing the sun to beat (5) fon the region again just minutes after being hidden. Ships are advised (6) {raveling through the bay, and surely any captain that insisted a ‘vavelling through it (8) _______risk crashing, or even vanishing a thin ae! In this hostile (10) _ breathtaking area, there are more than a few signs of (11) Travellers to the region are (12) to see penguins in the snow. These birds (13) “ nature thrive in cold weather and remain seemingly unaware 14) Earth’s calmer climates. With winds like those at Commonwealth Bay, however, it's hard to see how they don't blow away, isn’t (15), 2 a SV Wace— pounds Bids it does which exists than afew the snow. hard to © tink of one word only that can be used appropriately in all three sentences. % Marie lightly used her____to get her horse moving along, IF you're completely starving, | can something up in a few minutes. You will need to__ the cream for a while to get it thick % Mark had to get up at 6am to give the cattle their Michelle enrolled in cooking school to ______ her passion for cooking Becteria________off the sun’s energy in order to grow and multiply. 2 See if you can __ the text quickly and find the main idea. There's 2 bit of ditt floating in the water, but you should be able to ____it off the top. There was a of ice on the dish when I took it out of the fridge. # {told you to keep this a secret - why did you_________the beans? There was a tragic oil _— in the ocean near the coast of Spain. Sheila was riding her bike dangerously and took a nasty. This new restaurant isn't the only one of its kind ~ i's part ofa larger Scientists were able to put together the ___of events that caused the disaster. Lisa used a lock and _______ to secure her bike to the lamp post. © Complete the second sentences so that they have a similar meaning to the first sentences, using the words bold. Use between three and six words. 7 itmust have been raining heavily last night. BUCKETING The rain hours last night. 2 tcould be possible that scientists didn’t know oxygen existed back then. MIGHT Scientists ___ that oxygen existed back then. We must stay away from the animals while they're sleeping. INTERFERE We the animals while they're sleeping, & itwas completely unnecessary to attend the meeting. WASTE Iewas to attend the meeting 5 Mike couldn't have eaten everything on his plate. POLISHED There's no way Mike the food on his plate. S Mary told her not to bother getting upset about the situation. MILK Regarding the situation, Mary told her there was 7 can’t figure out how they stand to be around him. PUT can't understand how they a & You have to realise there's a problem that needs to be dealt with. WAKE In regards to the problem at hand, you_______________ coffee,Pi Exam Reading A\ Read the Exam Reminder. How will the questions help you? B_ Now complete the Exam Task. IF WE HAD WINGS... A Perched on the edge ofa cold, windswept dune in North Carolina, [was about to fulfill a dream Ishared with Leonardo da Vinci to fly The Renaissance genius spent years deciphering the flight of rds and devising fying machines. On his deathbed in 1519, Leonardo said one of his regsets was that he had never flown Five hundred years of innovation since then had produced the hang glider held sbove my head, simple and safe enough tobe offered as tourist entertainment. But despite centuries of adventure and experimentation, personal fight remains elusive B Leonardo drew hundeeds of images of birds on the wing, tuying to decode their secrete, and drew meticulous plans for flying machines not unlike today’s gliders and helicopters. But he never figured out the physics of fight. It took more than 300 years and many more falled experiments until Sir George Cayley, a British engineer, determined that fight required Ii, propulsion, and control. He built a glider with a curved wing to Create lift gained enough speed to fly but crashed after only a few hundred yards C the best success in purely human-powered flight came in 1988, when the Daedalus, a lightweight aircraft built by a team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, flew 71.5 miles from the Greek island of Crete to Santorini. The 68-pound craft, pedalled by a Greek Olympic cyclist, got caught in turbulence as, it approached the beach at Santorini, It eashed in the sea, a few yards from the shore D inventors continue to try to bring the fantasy of personal flight to life, and Yves Rossy has come closest. This Swiss pilot flings himself out of an aircraft wearing a six-foot-wide carbon fiber wing of his own invention, powered by four tiny jet engines. Recently, Rossy jumped from a helicopter above the Grand Canyon in the USA and flew for eight minutes before parachuting to Earth, The jets give him the power to ascend and to do loops. For questions 1 - 10, choose from the paragraphs (A - G). The paragraphs may be chosen more than once. ned? In which paragraph are the following ment improving one's performance with practice flying with an experienced professional the first glider ever to fly a short distance disappointment over an unfulfilled dream longing for the same experience as another person a flying machine powered by human legs encouraging someone to try something new someone experiencing great fear 1 2 3 4 5 a great deal of time to learn how to do something 6 7 8 9 10 flying apparatus powered by fuel Looking for specific information . ‘+ Remember to first read the questions carefully and underline key words and expressions. * Then read the whole text quickly for general understanding, before reading each section again carefully. + Underline key information in each section which corresponds with an exam question. ‘+ Don’t forget to check that that the information you have matched in the text paraphrases the complete exam question, and not just one part of it. “That freedom doesn’t come easy; it took Rossy years to ‘master his tiny craft ‘I steer myself in space with only my body’ he explains. “To go left, turn my shoulders left, and that's it!" He says it's like parachuting with a wing suit E You won't catch me jumping out of a plane with a wing strapped to my back. But I yearn for even a small measure of Rossy’ joy in flight. After five attempts from one of the ‘highest sand dunes in the eastern USA last April, [was getting closer - able to fly into the wind, then float gently down onto my feet. It was as ifthe glider wasn't there. F fut] wanted more. Sanéra Vernon, 2 47-year-old mother of ‘three in my class on the dune, egged me on, Shed been flying towed tandem lighte, pulled 2,000 feet behind an ultralight aircraft. This usually gives a hang glider a good ten-minute flight back down to Earth, even if there is no rising warm air to help keep the craft up. 'm short, 'm chubby, I'm not spr) ‘Vernon says, I wish I had been doing this in my twenties. You can't help but love it G Challenge accepted, I strapped myself into the hamess of 1 tandem glider with my instructor. He warned me that the moment when the plane released us would remind me of going over the top of a roller coaster. 'm a coaster fan. This ‘was nothing like that. I elt Like falling headfirst off the top of .2,000-foot-tall building, “You can fly now; he said, offering me the controls. No!’ I shouted over the wind. Ina few moments thé slider began to rise and then fly horizontally. My terror lessened and I took control. I moved to the left, then to the right with th agility more ofa pigeon than an eagle, but flying all the same. Exam Taskocabulary ‘Choose the correct answers. + Unfortunately, solar power isn't cost- unless you live in a sunny part of the world. a capable b elfective © valuable 2 I'mafraid my diet was rather. | was too hungry to keep it up for more than a couple of days @ short-term —b lengelasting —¢shortlived 3 Andrea's report wes | couldn't have explained the situation any better. 2 spotless b spot on ©. spotty 4 Because polystyrene is such a poor — of heat, itis the ideal material for disposable coffee cups. a conductor —-b_ conduit mediator The statistical __ made it difficult to compare the data from one year to the next. 2. variety b anomaly € inconsistency They didn’t want to his scientific theory even though it was contradictory. a dispose b refuse ¢ discard 7 Did you bring any eating or are we going to have to use our fingers? a forks b utensils © tools 2 Newborn babies shouldn't feed from bottles that haven't been a sterilised b contaminated ¢ refreshed ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in bold. 4 ___is responsible for many of the changes we've seen in the last AUTOMATE 100 years. 2 In order to determine the of a substance, you'll need to carry out tests. PURE The invention of the ______ line revolutionised the manufacturing industry ASSEMBLE 4 The formation of rust on iron is one of the most familiar examples of CORRODE 5 Archimedes discovered the principle of quid _when he was having a bath. DISPLACE & These days, sewing machines can embroider clothes in minutes. COMPUTER | 7 Mygrandmother recovered from her hip —_____ surgery very quickly. REPLACE | & Making quick ___ about people can lead to injustice and should be avoided, ASSUME © Circle the correct words in the text. offering me w coments the | same orisssened | Se ceople have heard of scientist Dr Tracy Hall, who dled in 2008. In 1954, GuuIh Sh Se and three colleagues at the General Electric Research Laboratory in New “Sex cid something extraordinary. They managed to create a diamond using a aterial / matzer called graphite, a form of carbon that is used in pencils. The ‘Seocedure they followed was similar to the natural (2) practice / process, which ‘wcuid have taken place deep in the earth, millions of years ago. By using very high S==veratures and man-made pressure on the graphite, they managed to produce = Solution / substance that had all the (4) phenomena / properties of diamonds. hese synthetic, or man-made, diamonds are in fact identical to real diamond: _eessessing the same (5) hardness / harshness and transparency as the real thing, ace, synthetic diemonds are used to coat equipment used for cutting, like saws, geding wheels and mining dlls. These (6) artificial / pretend diamonds are ‘Shesper than real diamonds, though itis stl very exoensive to produce a lerae Seechetic diamond which can be used as a (7) gemstone / jewellery. Although Dr el never received the Nobel Prize for hs invention, within the huge and thriving ‘=Fcial diamond (8) factory / industry, he is rightly considered the father of the Sethetic diamond ss ii diamonds K SU Igol you ___ina ittle bit of cash for a birthday gift for Dawn? Fre young inventor was just like his father—a__________ off the old block. A __ of experts decided that the product was not worth releasing on to the market. Tree's alarge covering the access to the building's air vents. “Yeu can adjust or remove programs from the computer by using the control dogs in New ste the second sentences so that they have a similar meaning to the first sentences, using the bold. Use between three and six words. “Fhe genius inventor had ideas that were far more advanced than his peers. UsHT "The genius inventor's ideas were his peers. ee should be able to solve the problem as it isn't terribly difficult to understand. ROCKET Ye should be able to solve the problem as. My friend Maria spends cash like she has a lot of it, but she will soon be broke. THROWS My friend Maria, like she’s rich, will soon be broke. He is wealthy because he’s really good with money. ‘REASON The he's really good with money. The country’s first bank was set up in 1883. YEAR the country's first bank was set up. ‘Nathan sold the chair to John for what he paid for it: cost Nathan sold the chair to John When Paul encounters a problem at work, he often overreacts. BUTTON Paul tends to________________when he comes across a problem at work. ‘You would have finished on time if you didn't try to do what had already been done. HAD only you ____________ the wheel, you would have finished on time