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Customer Training Material
Lecture 2
Mechanical Basics
Introduction to ANSYS
Mechanical
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Release 13.0
November 2010
Introduction to ANSYS Mechanical
Chapter Overview
In this chapter, the basics of using Mechanical to perform analyses

will be covered, which include:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
The Mechanical Interface

Introduction to the Mechanical Application Wizard
Basic Analysis Procedure
Applying Loads and Supports
Graphics Control and Selection
The Engineering Data application
Workshop 2-1
The capabilities described in this section are generally applicable to

the ANSYS DesignSpace Entra licenses and above, unless noted.

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Launching Mechanical
Recall that there are two ways of running Mechanical:

Configured from within ANSYS Workbench
or from a supported CAD system

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A. The Mechanical Interface
The components of the user interface are shown below:

Toolbars
Menus
Graphics Window
Tree Outline
Details View
Mechanical
Application Wizard
Message Window
Status Bar
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. . . Menus
The menus provide much of the functionality present in Mechanical.

The more commonly used menu items are covered below:
The title bar lists analysis type, product and active ANSYS license.
View controls various graphics options, legend and toolbars.
Units to change units on-the-fly.
Tools > Options to customize settings and options.
Help > Mechanical Help to access documentation.
Analysis Type

Product
License
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Toolbars
There are a number of toolbars to provide users quick access to

functionality also found in the menus.
The toolbars can be repositioned anywhere on the top of the Mechanical

window.
The Context toolbar, as will be illustrated later, updates depending on
what branch is active in the Outline tree.
Tooltips appear if the cursor is placed over the toolbar button.

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Toolbars
The Standard toolbar is shown below:

Bring up Mechanical Wizard
Annotations
Comments
Capture Snapshot
Solve Model
Slice Planes
The Graphics toolbar is used for selection and graphics

manipulation:
Select mode
Selection Tools
Graphics Manipulation
Viewports
The left mouse button can be either in selection mode or graphics

manipulation mode. The above toolbar buttons are grouped as select
entities and graphics manipulation control.
The graphics selection can be done using individual selection or boxselection. This is controlled by the Select Mode icon.
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Outline Tree
The Outline Tree provides an easy way of

organizing the model, materials, mesh,
loads, and results for the analysis:
The Model branch contains the input
data required for the analysis.
The environment branch (in this case Static
Structural) contains the loads and supports
relevant to the analysis discipline.
The Solution branch contains result
objects and solution information.
Other branches (not covered here)
are also available.

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Outline Tree
The Outline Tree shows icons for each branch, along with a status
symbol. Examples of the status symbols are below:
Checkmark indicates branch is fully defined/OK

Question mark indicates item has incomplete data (need input)
Lightning bolt indicates solving is required
Exclamation mark means problem exists
X means that item is suppressed (will not be solved)
Transparent checkmark means body or part is hidden
Green lightning bolt indicates item is currently being evaluated
Minus sign means that mapped face meshing failed
Check mark with a slash indicates a meshed part/body
Red lightning bolt indicates a failed solution
Becoming familiar with the basic status symbols allows users to debug
Mechanical problems quickly.

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Details View
The Details View contains data input and output fields. The contents
will change depending on branch selected.
White field: input data
Data in white text field is editable
Gray (or Red) field: information

Data in gray fields cannot be modified.
Yellow field: incomplete input data

Data in yellow fields indicates missing information.

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Graphics Window
The Graphics Window shows the geometry and results. Tabs allow
access to Print and Report Previews as well.

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Worksheet View
Worksheet views are available for many objects in the tree (i.e.
geometry, connections, etc.).
Provides a list view of the data in the tree.
Activate
Worksheet
Toggle between
graphics and
worksheet
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B. The Mechanical Application Wizard
The Mechanical Wizard is an optional

component, a useful aid to remind users steps
required to complete an analysis
The Mechanical Wizard provides a list of
required steps and the status of them.
Green checkmark indicates the item is complete.
Green i shows an informational item.
A grayed symbol shows that the step cannot be
performed yet.
A red question mark means that there is an
incomplete item.
An x means that the item is not performed yet
A lightning bolt means that the item is ready to
be solved or updated.
The options on the Mechanical Wizard menu

will change depending on the analysis type
chosen.
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. . . Mechanical Application Wizard
By selecting an item on the Required Steps checklist, a callout appears,

illustrating how that function is performed.
In the example below, Verify Materials was selected, and the callout shows the
user where this item can be changed.

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Mechanical Application Wizard
The Mechanical Wizard is handy for

users who do not use Mechanical
every day.
Besides basic functionality, callouts
for more advanced items are also
available as shown on right.

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C. Basic Analysis Procedure
The purpose of analysis is usually to determine the response of a

system based on some type of excitation or loading.
It is crucial to remember that a mathematical model is used:
CAD geometry is an idealization of the physical model
The mesh is a mathematical representation of the CAD model
The accuracy of answers is determined by various factors:
How well the physical model is represented depends on the assumptions
Numerical accuracy is determined by the mesh density
CAD Model
Finite Element Mesh

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Basic Analysis Procedure
Every analysis involves four main steps:

Preliminary Decisions
What type of analysis: Static, modal, etc.?
What to model: Part or Assembly?
Which elements: Surface or Solid Bodies?
Preliminary
Decisions
Preprocessing
Attach the model geometry

Define and assign material properties to parts
Mesh the geometry
Apply loads and supports
Request results
Preprocessing
Solution
Solve the Model

Postprocessing
Review results
Check the validity of the solution
Postprocessing

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D. Applying Loads & Supports
Loads and supports are applied on geometric entities in two different ways:
Pre-select geometry entity in Graphics Window, then select load or support from
Context Toolbar
Or, select load or support from Context Toolbar then select geometry entities in
Graphics Window, then click on Apply in Details View.

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Applying Loads & Supports
After assigning the load the user can enter additional data in the Details view,
if necessary.
Notice that in the Outline Tree the associated loads branch symbol status will also
change to completed (checkmark).

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For some structural loads direction is

needed:
If Components is chosen, enter X, Y, or Z
Components of loading
If Vector is chosen, select geometry and
enter magnitude of loading
Defaults can be set in Tools > Options
> Mechanical: Miscellaneous
> Load Orientation Type
The Global Coordinate System or user

defined local coordinate systems can be
referenced
User-Defined Coordinate Systems will be
discussed later

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Existing geometry can be referenced to

control direction:
In the Details view, select Define By:
Vector
Three types of existing geometry can be used
Normal to planar face or along axis of cylindrical
face
Along straight edge or normal to cylindrical edge
Two vertices defining vector
Click on Direction and select geometry used

for vector orientation. Use the arrows in the
Graphics window to toggle the direction.
Click on Apply when finished.
Enter magnitude for loading in Magnitude.
Toggle arrow buttons to

reverse load direction
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E. Graphics Control and Selection
The left mouse button is used to select geometric entities OR to

manipulate the graphics display
User can select items (vertex, edge, surface, body) or manipulate the view
(rotate, pan, zoom in/out, box zoom)
Select mode can be single-select or box-select
In single-select mode, click-drag with left mouse
button to paint select multiple items
Use Ctrl-Left mouse button in single-select mode to select or unselect multiple
entities
In box-select mode, click-drag from left to right selects entities fully enclosed in
bounding box
In box-select mode, click-drag from right to left selects any entity partially enclosed in
bounding box

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In select mode the middle mouse provides several short cuts for graphics
manipulation
Click + drag middle mouse button = dynamic rotate

CTRL+ Middle mouse button = dynamic pan
Shift + Middle mouse button = dynamic zoom
If present, the wheel can be used to zoom in/out
RMB + drag = box zoom
Click right mouse button once and select Fit to fit model in view or access
context menu options

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Selection planes allow for users to easily select surfaces which are hidden
from view by other surfaces.
User selects a plane; if more planes lie directly underneath the cursor, selection
planes appear. Selection planes are color-coded with the same color as its parent
part and are ordered by depth from the cursor.

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F. The Engineering Data Application
The Engineering Data application provides overall control for material

properties.
Engineering data is a part of every project.
Engineering data can be opened stand alone (as a precursor to starting
a project for example).
To open the Engineering Data

standalone, add from the
component systems in the toolbox
(drag/drop or double click), then
RMB > Edit or double click.

To edit the Engineering

Data in an existing
project RMB > Edit or
double click
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. . . The Engineering Data Application
The Engineering Data application is displayed below. Individual

controls and components are described next.
Data Sources
Property Table
Toolbox
Individual Materials
Property
Chart
Material Properties

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The 2 icons in the toolbar control the basic

display of engineering data.
The first toggles a filter for the materials
shown in the toolbox:
ON = only materials relevant to the current
analysis types are displayed.
OFF = all material properties are displayed.
The second toggles the display of either the

project materials or the data source materials:
ON: data sources (libraries) are displayed.
OFF: materials for the current project are
displayed.
Data Source/Project
Display
Physics Filter for Toolbox

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With data sources displayed the windows provide a cascading data presentation.
To view or modify materials one generally follows a work flow shown here:
Data Source > Material > Property
Choose Data Source

(Library)
Display Property
in tabular and
graphical format
Choose Material
Choose Property

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Data Sources
Check box allows library to be

unlocked for editing. Libraries must
be unlocked before materials can be
modified.
The Favorites field represents the

materials which will be available in every
project.
The list of available material

libraries is displayed here.
These may be ANSYS
supplied or user defined.
Browse for existing

libraries or choose new
library location.
New user material libraries may be added

by entering a name and a location.

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To add a material from an existing library to the current project click the
plus sign (+) next to that material.
Highlight the desired library
Click the + next to the

desired material
Materials can be made available for all projects

by designating them as Favorites using RMB
IMPORTANT!: A material that is not displayed in the current
engineering data will not be available in the current analysis.
= OFF
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To create a new material toggle
to the project materials display.
Enter a name, and description if
desired, for the new material.
= OFF
From the Toolbox

double click or drag
and drop the desired
properties.
Finally enter values for
the properties.
Note: properties can be
added to existing
materials using the
same technique.
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Units menu in Engineering Data:

You may choose to display Values as Defined
or Values in Project Units.
As Defined units are controlled individually.
Project Units are taken

from the current Units menu
selection.

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G. Workshop 2-1 Mechanical Basics
Workshop 2.1 Mechanical Basics

Goal:
Using the Stress Wizard, set up and solve a structural model for
stress, deflection and safety factor.

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November 2010

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Customer Training Material

Introduction to ANSYS Mechanical

In this chapter, the basics of using Mechanical to perform analyses

Customer Training Material

The Mechanical Interface

The capabilities described in this section are generally applicable to

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Introduction to ANSYS Mechanical

Customer Training Material

Recall that there are two ways of running Mechanical:

or from a supported CAD system

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Introduction to ANSYS Mechanical

A. The Mechanical Interface

Customer Training Material

The components of the user interface are shown below:

Introduction to ANSYS Mechanical

Customer Training Material

The menus provide much of the functionality present in Mechanical.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Introduction to ANSYS Mechanical

Customer Training Material

There are a number of toolbars to provide users quick access to

The toolbars can be repositioned anywhere on the top of the Mechanical

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Introduction to ANSYS Mechanical

Customer Training Material

The Standard toolbar is shown below:

The Graphics toolbar is used for selection and graphics

The left mouse button can be either in selection mode or graphics

Introduction to ANSYS Mechanical

Customer Training Material

The Outline Tree provides an easy way of

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Introduction to ANSYS Mechanical

Customer Training Material

Checkmark indicates branch is fully defined/OK

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Introduction to ANSYS Mechanical

Customer Training Material

Gray (or Red) field: information

Yellow field: incomplete input data

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Introduction to ANSYS Mechanical

Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Introduction to ANSYS Mechanical

Customer Training Material

Introduction to ANSYS Mechanical

B. The Mechanical Application Wizard

Customer Training Material

The Mechanical Wizard is an optional

The options on the Mechanical Wizard menu

Introduction to ANSYS Mechanical

. . . Mechanical Application Wizard

Customer Training Material

By selecting an item on the Required Steps checklist, a callout appears,

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Introduction to ANSYS Mechanical

Mechanical Application Wizard

Customer Training Material

The Mechanical Wizard is handy for

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Introduction to ANSYS Mechanical