Numerical Investigation on Thermo physical

Properties of Ag/HEG/water and

Ag/HEG/bio glycol Nanofluids
Thillai Mugilan
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
81310 Skudai Johor, Malaysia
tmugilan2@live.utm.my

Abstract
Existing literatures focuses on the nanofluid thermo physical properties but attention to hybrid
nanofluid has not been widely researched. Even though the existing nanofluids are effective for usage
for various reasons, hybrid nanofluids has proven cost lesser with higher value in thermophysical
properties. This paper specifically focuses on determining the physical and mathematical model for
the nanofluids and comparisons of the numerical Nusselt number with various existing turbulence
model correlation. This paper also determined the effect of nanofluids volume concentration on
Nusselt number.
Keywords: Hybrid nanofluid, AG/HEG/Water, AG/HEG/Bioglycol , Volume concentration, Nusselt Number

1.0 INTRODUCTION
The last few decades have witnessed vast research on new types of heat transfer fluids,
namely nanofluids. Nanofluid is a fluid that contains nanometer-sized solid particles.
Nanofluids has been proven to give better heat transfer efficiency compared to conventional
fluids. However there are less research conducted in hybrid nanofluids. Several reviews on
the physical and thermal properties of hybrid nanofluids can be seen in review paper by
Yarmand [1].
Takabi B. [2] indicated that employing hybrid nanofluid improves the heat transfer rate with
respect to pure water and nanofluid, yet it reveals an adverse effect on friction factor and
appears severely outweighed by pressure drop penalty and the amount for the average
increase of friction factor would be 13.76%. In 2014, El Khaoudi F. [3] determine the impact
of fluid temperature on the heat transfer of nanofluids where an increase in mean Nusselt
number was found with the volume fraction of nanoparticles for the whole range of Rayleigh
number. It was then found that the heat transfer enhancement, using nanofluids, is more
pronounced at low aspect ratio than at high aspect ratio.

It was found that the pressure loss increases with an increase in the Reynolds number,
nanoparticle density and particle volume fraction by Balla H. H. [4] . However, he also found
that the flow demonstrates enhancement in heat transfer which becomes greater with an
increase in the Reynolds number for the nanofluid flow.

In order to study the effects of Nusselt number, Reynolds number, and Peclet Number for
various volume concentrations of copper-titania hybrid nanocomposite (HyNC), Madhesh D.
[5] has measured the convective heat transfer coefficient of the HyNF to increased by 59.3%
for the particular volume concentration of 0.7% of HyNC. The friction factor and pressure
drop of HyNF for 1.0% volume concentration were expected to be 0.8% and 5.4%,
respectively.
In order to study the thermophysical properties of Ag/HEG/water and Ag/HEG/bioglycol
Nanofluids, This paper focuses on determining the physical and mathematical model for the
nanofluids and comparisons of the numerical Nusselt number with various existing
turbulence model correlation. This paper also determined the effect of nanofluids volume
concentration on Nusselt number.

REFERENCES
[1]

Yarmand, H., Gharehkhani, S., Ahmadi, G., Shirazi, S. F. S., Baradaran, S., Montazer,
E., ... & Dahari, M. (2015). Graphene nanoplateletssilver hybrid nanofluids for
enhanced heat transfer. Energy Conversion and Management,100, 419-428.

[2]

Takabi, B., & Shokouhmand, H. (2015). Effects of Al 2 O 3Cu/water hybrid nanofluid

on heat transfer and flow characteristics in turbulent regime.International Journal of
Modern Physics C, 26(04), 1550047.

[3]

El Khaoudi, F., Gueraoui, K., Driouich, M., & Sammouda, M. (2014). Numerical and
Theoretical Modeling of Natural Convection of Nanofluids in a Vertical Rectangular
Cavity. International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 7(2), 350-355.

[4]

Balla, H. H., Abdullah, S., MohdFaizal, W., Zulkifli, R., & Sopian, K. (2013).
Numerical study of the enhancement of heat transfer for hybrid CuO-Cu nanofluids
flowing in a circular pipe. Journal of oleo science, 62(7), 533-539.

[5]

Madhesh, D., & Kalaiselvam, S. (2015). Experimental study on heat transfer and
rheological characteristics of hybrid nanofluids for cooling applications.Journal of
Experimental Nanoscience, 10(15), 1194-1213.