2011 AR 403

History of

Architecture - III
Module - II
Lecture - 2

Arts & Crafts Movement, Eclecticism

Nipun George

SCMS School of Architecture, Karukutty, Kochi.

WESTERN ARCHITECTURE

S3

BYZANTINE

NEOCLASSICISM

ROMANESQUE

ART NOUVEAU

GOTHIC

ARTS & CRAFTS

RENAISSANCE

BEAUX ARTS

BAROQUE

NEO GOTHIC
ART DECO
MODERNISM
POST MODERNISM
DE- CONTRUCTIVISM
PARAMETRICISM

20th Century

CLASSICAL

ROCOCCO

S4

S1S2

PRE-HISTORIC

Module - 2

1800 AD - 1950 AD
ART NOUVEAU
ARTS & CRAFTS
BEAUX ARTS
NEO GOTHIC
ART DECO
MODERNISM
Modern Architecture
Modern architecture - Influence of new material and techniques, demand for new types of
building, influence of technology- Chicago School, Eclecticism, Art and Crafts movement,
Art Nouveau, Peter Behrens, Antoni Gaudi, Victor Horta, Louis Sullivan's contribution to
American architecture, Frank Lloyd Wright, Organic Architecture, European Modern
Architecture, Auguste Perret, Adolf Loos.

Module - 3

1950 AD - 2000 AD
MODERNISM
POST MODERNISM
DE- CONTRUCTIVISM
Modern Architecture
Influence of other visual arts on Architecture, The Bauhaus School, Walter Gropius, Erich
Mendelsohn, Mies Van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, Alvar Aalto, Gio Ponti, Pier Luigi Nervi,
Philip Johnson, Eero Saarinen, Oscar Niemeyer, Kenzo Tange, Jrn Utzon, B.V Doshi,
Charles Correa, Geoffrey Bawa - Post modern Architecture- Peter Eisenman, Frank Gehry,
Zaha Hadid, Coop Himmelblau, Rem Koolhaas,
Daniel Libeskind, and Bernard Tschumi

Module - 2 & 3

1880 AD - 2000 AD
ART NOUVEAU
ARTS & CRAFTS
ECLECTICISM
MODERNISM
POST MODERNISM

ARTS & CRAFTS

- movement in the decorative and fine arts that
flourished in UK & US - 1880 onwards.
- Inspired by the writing of John Ruskin
(18191900), Artist - William Morris (18341896) &
Architect Philip Webb (18121852).
- Eventually replaced by Modernism.
- reaction against the poor quality of decorative arts
- produced using machines.

Ernest Gimson - Inglewood House

Philip Webb - Standen House

Features of Arts and Crafts

- Rectangular shapes
- Appreciation of nature
- Simple forms
- Little ornamentation
- Natural building materials
- Chimneys as a dominant exterior feature
- Handcrafted details
- Interior lightness, open floor plans
- Built-in design features like cabinets and light
fixtures
- Pitched roofs
- Porches
- Stained glass

Arts & Crafts Movement- Major Figures in

Architecture :

1. William Morris (Artist) (England) : 1834-1896

2. Philip Webb (England) : 1831-1915
3. Edwin Lutyens (England) : 1869-1944
4. Henry Hobson Richardson (US) : 1838-1886
5. Gustav Stickley (US) : 1858-1942

1. WILLIAM MORRIS (ENGLAND) : 1834-1896

Red House
London, 1859

2. PHILIP WEBB (ENGLAND) : 1831-1915

Red House
London, 1859

West House
Chelsea, 1869

Clouds House
Wiltshire, 1886

3. EDWIN LUTYENS (ENGLAND) : 1869-1944

Munstead Woods Home

Surrey, 1897

4. HENRY HOBSON RICHARDSON (US) : 1838-1886

Trinity Church
Boston, 1877

Thomas Crane Public Library

Massachusetts, 1881

John J. Glessner House

Chicago, 1886

Sever Hall (Harvard University)

Massachusetts, 1878

5. GUSTAV STICKLEY (US) : 1858-1942

Gustav Stickley House

New York, 1900

Craftsman Farms
New Jersey, 1908

ECLECTICISM
- a single building may incorporate mixture of styles
from previous historical styles in 19th Century.
- Strived to create a novel design by bringing
elements of structure, motifs, ornaments etc.
- Propogated by Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris - Spread
and found acceptance in US.
-Unlike Arts & Crafts & Art Nouveau, it had its
presence in Skyscrapers, Churches etc - accessible to
all sections of society.

Eclecticism- Major Figures in Architecture :

1. Daniel Burnham (US) : 1846-1912

2. Richard Norman Shaw (England) : 1831-1912
3. Richard Morris Hunt (US) : 1827-1895

1. DANIEL BURNHAM (US) : 1846-1912

Flatiron Building
New York, 1902

Reliance Building
Chicago, 1895

Ellicott Square Building

New York, 1896

Union Station

Washington DC, 1908

2. RICHARD NORMAN SHAW (ENGLAND) : 1831-1912

Cragside

Northumberland, 1863

Norman Shaw Building

London, 1906

3. RICHARD MORRIS HUNT (US) : 1827-1895

New York Tribune Building

New York, 1875