Sie sind auf Seite 1von 5

Outline

Word

Equations & Balancing

Evidence that a chemical


reaction has taken place
Change in colour
Change in odour
Formation of a new substance:
- solid (called a precipitate)
- gas (observed as bubbles)
Energy is absorbed (light, electricity,
sound, or most commonly heat) called
an endothermic reaction
Energy is released called an
exothermic reaction
The reaction is difficult or impossible to
reverse

Chemical Equations

Represent a chemical reaction.


reaction.

Are made up of two parts:

Reactants Products

Equations
Skeleton Equations
Conservation of Mass
Balanced Chemical Equations

HOF Br I N Cl
The

diatomic molecules.
Always appear in pairs.
H
O
F
Br
I
N
Cl

Chemical Equations
Reactants

are listed on the left side


and separated by a plus sign (+).

Products

are listed on the right side


and separated by a plus sign (+).

eg. methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water

CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O

Word Equations

Symbols in Chemical Equations

Word

Equations only the chemical


names of the reactants and products are
shown.

eg.. methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water


eg
+ = reacts
with or and

= yields or produces
Indicates the result of a
reaction

Skeletal Equations
system where the chemical
names are converted to chemical
symbols/formulas.

Example 1:

Unbalanced

Write

Eg
Eg..

Sodium and Chlorine gas yield sodium chloride

CH4 + O2 CO2 + H20

a word equation and skeleton


equation based on the sentences
below:

Example 2:
Write

a word equation and skeleton


equation based on the sentences
below:

Example 3:
Write

a sentence and skeleton equation


based on the word equation below

Copper reacts with chlorine to produce copper (II) chloride

Calcium Carbonate calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

Example 4:
Write

a sentence and skeleton equation


based on the word equation below

Example 5:
Write

a sentence and word equation


based on the skeleton equation below

Ferric Oxide + aluminium Aluminum oxide + Iron metal

heat 2NaBr
2NaI(aq
aq)) + Br2(l)
(aq
aq)) + I2(s)

Example 6:
Write

a sentence and word equation


based on the skeleton equation below

MORE PRACTICE
Please

look at 4.1 homework for more


practice.

BaCl2(
2(aq
aq)) + Na2CrO4(
4(aq
aq)) BaCrO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
aq)

Conservation of Mass
Mass

of the reactants = the mass of the


products.
products.

Why?
Atoms

are not created or destroyed in a


chemical change.

Formulas

changed.

Balanced Chemical Equation


When

the reactants and products


contain equal numbers of the same
atom the chemical equation is
balanced..
balanced

Balanced

by the use of coefficients

for molecules cannot be

Balanced Chemical Equation


are numbers written in
front of chemical formulas.

Balanced Chemical Equation

Coefficients

Physical

They

indicate number of atoms or


molecules of that substance.

state symbols are added to


show the substances composition
(s) solid

CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H20

(l) liquid
(aq
aq)) aqueous
(g) - gas

CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g)+ 2H20

(l)

Coefficient

Balancing Equations

Balancing Equations

CH4 + O2 CO2 + H20

CH4 + O2 CO2 + 2H20

Type of atom
(symbol)
C
H
0

# in reactants
1
4
2

# in products
1
2
3

Type of atom
(symbol)
C
H
0

Balancing Equations

# in reactants
1
4
2

# in products
1
4
4

Balanced Chemical Equation


General Rules

CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H20


Type of atom
(symbol)
C
H
0

# in reactants

1)
2)

# in products
3)

1
4
4

1
4
4

4)
5)

Balance metals first.


first.
Balance non
non--metals next (except
hydrogen and oxygen). Polyatomic ions
can be balanced as a group.
Balance hydrogen and oxygen last.
Ensure that the eqn is in lowest terms.
Check to ensure that there are the same
# of each type of atom before and after
the rxn

Balanced Chemical Equation


Use

coefficients to change the


number of atoms of an element.

Never

change the subscripts


subscripts..

Some

equations may take longer than


others to solve (be
(be patient).
patient).

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen