• Definition of Nutrition: The organic process by which an organism assimilates food and uses it for growth and maintenance.

• 6 Nutrients:
○ Carbohydrates: A sugar, starch, or cellulose that is a food source of energy for an animal or plant; a saccharide.
○ Proteins: One of three major classes of food or source of food energy (4 kcal/gram) abundant in animal-derived foods (ie: meat) and some
vegetables, such as legumes.
○ Fats: There are two main types of fats – saturated and unsaturated. Animal fats (meat, butter, lard) are usually saturated fats and contribute to
heart disease and cancer. Vegetable fats (olive oil, corn oil) are generally unsaturated fats and are less harmful.
○ Vitamins: Vitamins are essential for the regulation of many of the functions of the body. Most vitamins cannot be manufactured by the body and
must be obtained from your diet. Vitamins do not produce energy.
○ Minerals: Minerals are compounds, obtained from your diet, that combine in several ways to form the structures of your body. For instance,
calcium is a mineral that is crucial in the formation and maintenance of your bones. Minerals also help regulate body functions. Minerals do not
produce energy.
○ Water: Yes, water is a nutrient. It is the most important nutrient. In fact, your body is approximately 50 to 55 percent water. Your body uses
water 24 hours a day. A by-product of the energy production in your body is heat. Water regulates your body temperature by dissipating that
heat. Water also carries nutrients to the cells in your body. Water does not produce energy.
• Carbs: Complex=Starches & Simple=Sugars
• Dietary Fiber=Complex Carbs
• Glucose: Glycogen – Fat. All sugars to glucose (energy).
• Glycogen stored in liver & muscles.
• Saturated & Unsaturated fats. No more than 20-30% from fat.
• Essential Amino Acids: HISTIDINE, ISOLEUCINE, LEUCINE, LYSINE, METHIONINE, PHENYLALANINE, THREONINE, TRYPTOPHAN and
VALINE
• Cholesterol: HDL (good) & LDL (bad). Excess – clogs arteries – heart diseases
• Protein: To build and repair body tissues.
• Vitamins – fat soluble=ADEK, water soluble
• Minerals: Major: There are seven major minerals required by the body: calcium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, potassium, sulfur and chloride. Major
minerals form the bone structure, build proteins and balance body water & Trace: The trace minerals are needed for many functions, such as enzyme
formation, immune system functioning and reproduction. Trace minerals are iron, iodine, manganese, copper, cobalt, zinc, selenium and fluoride.
• Osteoporosis: thinning of bones – lack of calcium
• Sodium: too much aggravates hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Lose 2-3 Quarts of water daily
• Complete Proteins: a source of protein that contains an adequate proportion of all of the essential amino acids for the dietary needs of humans or other
animals. Incomplete Proteins: low or lacking in one or more of the amino acids we need to build cells.
• Complementary Proteins = 2 or more that together have all 9 essential amino acids
• Hunger: need to feed it. Appetite: the desire to eat food
• Basal Metabolism: energy needed when at rest & fasting
• Lean Body Mass: Protein in muscles & Organs
• Eating Disorders:
• Bulimia: seek out binge and purge episodes - they will eat a large quantity of food in a relatively short period of time and then use behaviors such as
taking laxatives or self-induced vomiting -- because they feel overwhelmed in coping with their emotions, or in order to punish themselves for something
they feel they should unrealistically blame themselves
• Anorexia: abnormally sensitive about being perceived as fat, or have a massive fear of becoming fat - though not all people living with Anorexia have this
fear. They may be afraid of losing control over the amount of food they eat, accompanied by the desire to control their emotions and reactions to their
emotions
• Diabetes: The inability of the body to produce, or the inability to metabolize, the human hormone insulin.
• Nicotine: An alkaloid (C10H14N2), commonly occurring in the tobacco plant. In small doses it is a habit-forming stimulant, in larger doses it is toxic and
is often used in insecticides.
• Carcinogens: A substance or agent that can cause cancer.
• Tar: A black, oily, sticky, viscous substance, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons derived from organic materials such as wood, peat, or coal.
• Leukoplakia: precancerous sore (lesion) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek in response to chronic irritation
• Tobacco Effects: Short: increase in blood pressure, heart rate, and the flow of blood from the heart. It also causes the arteries to narrow. Carbon monoxide
reduces the amount of oxygen the blood can carry. Long: chronic lung disease, coronary heart disease, and stroke, as well as cancer of the lungs, larynx,
esophagus, mouth, and bladder.
• Carbon Monoxide: A colorless, odorless, flammable, highly toxic gas (chemical formula CO).
• Oxygen: A chemical element (symbol O) with an atomic number of 8 and relative atomic mass of 15.9994.
• Blood: A vital liquid flowing in the bodies of many types of animals that usually conveys nutrients and oxygen. In vertebrates, it is colored red by
hemoglobin, is conveyed by arteries and veins, is pumped by the heart and is usually generated in bone marrow.
• Carbon Monoxide  Oxygen  Blood
• Alcohol: Depressant, ethanol, gateway drug
• Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) .08
• Alcohol:
○ Short term effects: body control, movement, vision, speech, memory, judgment.
○ Lon term effects: changes to brain, brain damage, heart damage, liver problems (fatty), stomach ulcers, death.
• Alcohol & Pregnancy: Getting drunk  having unprotected sex  babies.
• Leading cause of death in US: heart disease. 1-24 year olds: Accidents. Life expectancy=increased since 1900 due to antibiotics, vaccines, technology
• Health behaviors have the most effects on your health.
• Areas of Health: physical, emotional, mental, social and spiritual.
• Myopia: Nearsighted.  hyperopia: farsighted, astigmatism
• Largest organ: skin
• Plague: Cause of decay and gum disease, tartar, dentin, halitosis
• Melanin: Any of a group of naturally occurring dark pigments, especially the pigment found in skin, hair, fur, and feathers.
• Dermis: layer of skin between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis.
• Epidermis: outer layer of the skin.
• Subcutaneous Layer: Lies below the dermis.
• Teens  increased sebum  acne.
• Melanoma: A dark-pigmented, usually malignant tumor arising from a melanocyte and occurring most commonly in the skin.
• Periodontium: specialized tissues that both surround and support the teeth, maintaining them in the maxillary and mandibular bones.
• Parts of eye: Cornea, sclera, retina, pupil, choroid, lens, optic nerve.
• Plague: breaks down starches and sugars producing acid that decay
• Parts of ear: Tympanic Membrane  ear drum
• Balance and the Ear: The inner has two functions; the first is hearing and the second is balance. It is a warren of tubes filled with fluid encased within the
temporal bone of the skull. The bony tubes also contain a set of cell membrane lined tubes.
• Eustachian tube  pressure in the middle ear
• Loud Noise  Hearing loss
• Vaccine: A substance given to stimulate the body's production of antibodies and provide immunity against a disease, prepared from the agent that causes
the disease, or a synthetic substitute.
• Tolerance: Subject's reaction to a drug (such as an opiate painkiller, benzodiazepine or other psychotropic drug) decreases so that larger doses are required
to achieve the same effect.
• Cannabis: Any of several mildly euphoriant, intoxicating hallucinogenic drugs, such as ganja, hashish, or marijuana, prepared from various parts of this
plant.
• Marijuana: The hemp plant itself, Cannabis sativa.
• Indian hemp Plant: another name for hemp esp the variety Cannabis indica, from which several narcotic drugs are obtained
• Inhalants: something, especially a medication, that is inhaled.
• Stimulants: A substance that acts to increase physiological or nervous activity in the body.
• Depressants: A pharmacological substance which decreases neuronal or physiological activity.
• Narcotics: Any class of substances or drugs that reduces pain induces sleep and may alter mood or behaviour.
• Hallucinogens: Any substance tending to induce hallucination.
• MDMA=Ecstasy
• Twins: Twins can be formed by two ways. The female can release two (or more) eggs at once, instead of one. OR The other way for a twin to be formed is
when the egg goes through misoeis.
• Parts of Blood: Red blood cells, White Blood Cells, Platelets (help prevent clogging), Plasma (90% Water, transports things).
• Blood Vessel Types: Arteries-have thick walls and takes blood away from the heart. Veins-have thinner walls and take blood back to the heart. Capillary-
tubes with very thin walls which join arteries to veins.
• Measurement of Volume: The volume of any solid, liquid, gas, plasma, vacuum or theoretical object is how much three-dimensional space it occupies,